第一篇:2013年网络教育专升本入学考试模拟试题及答案--管理学(二)
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第二篇:2013年网络教育专升本入学考试模拟试题及答案--会计学基础(二)
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2013年网络教育专升本入学考试模拟试题及答案--会计学基础
(二)网络教育专科升本科入学考试
《基础会计学》 阶段测试题
(二)一、单项选择题(本部分共15小题,每题1分,每题只有一个正确答案,请选出正确答案的标记填入括号之中)
1、下列各项中,适用于财产物资计价的原则是()。
A、谨慎性原则 B、权责发生制原则
C、配比原则 D、历史成本原则
2、下列各项中,属于反映企业所有者权益的账户是()。
A、利润分配 B、短期借款
C、累计折旧 D、营业收入
3、利润表是反映企业在一定期间内()的报表。
A、财务状况和盈利能力B、经营成果及其分配情况
C、营业利润、利润总额、利润分配D、营业收入、营业利润、利润分配
4、下列各项中,作为会计计量标准的是()。
A、劳动计量B、实物计量
C、货币计量D、效用计量
5、下列各项中,属于盘盈固定资产计量基础的是()。
A、历史成本B、现行成本
C、可变现价值D、公允价值
6、复式记帐法对每项经济业务都是以相等的金额在()帐户中进行登记。
A、一个B、两个或两个以上
C、两个帐户D、有关
7、会计核算过程实质上是一个信息变换、加工和传输的过程,()是信息变换的关键环节。
A、会计确认B、会计计量
C、会计报告D、会计记录
8、对每一个帐户来说,期末余额()。
A、只可能在借方B、只可能在贷方
C、只可能在帐户的一方D、可能在借方和贷方
9、期末账项调整的标准是()。
A、会计目标B、收付实现制
C、会汁确认D、权责发生制
10、实际工作中,会计确认、会计计量应包含在()之中。
A、会计报告B、会计核算
C、会计记录D、会计账户
11、下列各项中,构成收入本质的是()。
A、经济利益的流入B、与费用配比确认
C、为进行经营活动而发生的D、权益的转化形式
12、一般情况下,会计计量以法定的()作为计量单位。
A、货币B、名义货币
C、购买力货币D、记账本位币
13、体现会计科目设置特点的是()
A、会计对象B、会计职能
C、会计本质D、会计定义
14、账户是根据()开设的。
A、会计准则B、会计制度规定
C、会计报表D、会计科目
15、下列会计分录中,属于简单会计分录的有()。
A、一借多贷B、一贷多借
C、一借一贷D、多借多贷
二、多项选择题(本部分共10小题,每题2分,每题至少有两个及以上正确答案,请选出正确答案的标记,填入括号中)
1、下列各项中,可以作为确定现有资产公允价值的有()。
A、活跃市场上的市价B、历史成本
C、未来现金流量的现值D、可变现价值
E、现行成本
2、在借贷记帐法下,帐户的借方用以登记()。
A、负债的增加B、费用的增加
C、收入的减少D、资产的减少
3、下列各项中,属于收入确认的标准有()。
A、相关的经济利益能够流入企业B、同时确认资产的增加或负债的减少
C、能够用于所有者的分配D、相关的成本费用能够可靠地进行计量
E、转移商品所有权上的风险和报酬
4、企业对经营活动所实现的收入进行会计处理时,对下列各项会计要素会产生影响的有()
A、资产B、负债
C、费用D、所有者权益
E、利润
5、下列错误中哪些不能通过试算平衡发现()。
A、某项业务未入帐
B、只登记借方金额,未登记贷方金额
C、应借应贷的帐户中借贷方向记反
D、借贷双方同时多记了等额的金额
6、下列经济业务中,会引起会计恒等式两边同时发生增减变动的有()。
A、用银行存款偿还前欠应付货款B、购进材料未付款
C、从银行提取现金D、向银行借款存入银行
E、分配利润
7、下列各项中,属于会计核算方法的有()。
A、填制和审核会计凭证B、设置和运用账户
C、复式记账D、登记账簿
E、财产清查
8、在借贷记帐法下,帐户的贷方用以登记()。
A、资产的减少B、收入的转销
C、所有者权益的增加D、费用的转销
9、费用确认的标准有()。
A.费用的发生与资产的减少或负债的增加是同时的B.费用的发生会引起未来经济利益的减少
C.能够可靠地加以计量
D.资本性支出与收益性支出的划分原则
E.与实现额收入配比确认
10、设置会计科目是一种基本的会计核算方法,下列各项中以设置会计科目作为基础的有()。
A、账户开设B、报表结构设计
C、成本计算D、填制凭证
E、财产清查
三、判断题(本部分共10小题,每题1分,请判断正误)
1、资产的显著特点之一是,资产一定能够给企业带来经济利益,不能带来经济利益的资产作为费用进行会计处理。()
2、经济业务的发生不会破坏会计等式的恒等性,因此也不会引起等式两边的金额发生变化。()
3、所有者权益不是一个独立的会计要素,其非独立性表现为按照资产减负债来计量。()
4、当“应收账款”账户属于债权债务类账户时,“应收账款”账户的借方余额表示企业应收的债权金额。()
5、所有者权益的确认依赖于资产、负债的确认。()
6、会计确认的核心是会计计量。()
7、当企业采用权责发生制核算时,预付的报刊费用应作为支付期的费用处理。()
8、借贷记帐法下帐户的基本结构,左方为借方,登记资金占用增加的资金来源减少,或者说登记资产的增加和权益的减少。()
9、所有的账户都是依据会计科目开设的。()
10、由于“累计折旧”账户贷方记录增加,借方记录减少,所以属于负债类账户。()
四、计算题(本题共计20分)
[资料]
1.房屋及建筑物 14.欠交的税金
2.工作机器及设备 15.销货的款项
3.运输汽车 16.投资者投入的资本
4.库存生产用钢材 17.预收的押金
5.库存燃料 18.欠付的利润
6.未完工产品 19.支付的销售费用
7.库存完工产品 20.销售产品的成本
8.存放在银行的款项 21.支付的办公费
9.由出纳人员保管的款项 22.应付给职工刨工资
10.应收某厂的货款 23.支付的违约罚款
11.暂付职工差旅费 24.收取的违约罚款
12.从银行借人的款项 25.提取公积金
13.应付给光华厂的材料款 26.计算应交的所得税
[要求]根据以上项目说明所属的会计科目,从会计要素的角度分析各会计科目的类别。
五、简答题(共2小题,每题10分)
1、生产费用和生产成本有什么关系?
2、会计科目与账户之间的关系
六、论述题(15分)
借贷记账法的基本内容?
引自:
第三篇:2015年北京联合大学专升本入学考试《经济学》模拟试题及答案(二)
2015年北京联合大学专升本入学考试 《经济学》模拟试题及答案(二)
一、单项选择
1.其他条件不变时,消费者收入增加将导致对正常商品的()
a.需求量增加; b.需求量减少;
c.需求增加; d.需求减少。2.在()情况下,均衡价格必然上升。
a.需求和供给都增加; b.需求和供给都减少; c.需求增加供给减少; d.需求减少供给增加。3.等产量曲线上某一点的斜率的绝对值表示()。
a.两种商品的边际转换率; b. c.两种商品的价格比率; d.两种商品的边际替代率。4.在完全竞争市场,如果价格等于长期平均成本,那么()。
a.行业内厂商数量不变; b.原有厂商退出这个行业;
c.新厂商要进入这个行业; d.既有厂商进入也有厂商退出该行业。5.长期均衡时, 垄断竞争厂商()。
a.获得超额利润; b.得到正常利润; c.亏损; d.是否亏损不确定。
6.某厂商既是产品市场的卖方垄断者又是要素市场的买方垄断者,其使用要素所遵循的原则是()。
a. VMPL=W; b.VMPL=MFCLc. MRPL=W; d.MRPL=MFCL。7.生产的第Ⅱ阶段始于()止于()。
a.AP=0,MP=0; b.AP=MP,MP=0; c.AP=MP,MP<0; d.AP>0,MP=0。8.为了有效地配置稀缺资源,要求()。
a.社会MR等于社会MC; b.社会MR等于私人MC; c.私人MR等于私人MC; d.私人MR等于社会MC; 9.如果当期价格低于基期价格,那么本期的()。
a.实际GDP等于名义GDP; b.实际GDP小于名义GDP;
c.实际GDP大于名义GDP; d.实际GDP是否小于名义GDP不确定。
10.在产品市场四部门收入决定模型中,政府同时等量地增加购买支出与税收,则GDP()。a b c d.将增加,但增加量少于政府购买支出的增加量。11.当利率降得很低时,人们购买债券的风险将()。
a.变得很小; b.变得很大; c.可能很大,也可能很小; d.不发生变化。12.随着物价水平上升,实际货币供给量()。
a.增加; b.减少 ; c.不变; d.可能增加可能减少。13.由于经济萧条而形成的失业属于()。
a.周期性失业; b.结构性失业; c.摩擦性失业; d.自然失业。
14.如果某国家的GNP小于GDP,说明该国居民从外国领土上取得的收入()外国居民从该国领土上取得的收入。
a.大于; b.小于; c.等于; d、可能大于也可能小于; 15.若某消费者的MUXPX,他将()。MUYPYa.减少X的购买,减少Y的购买; b.增加X的购买,增加Y的购买;
c.增加X的购买,减少Y的购买; d.减少X的购买,增加Y的购买。
二、名词解释:
1.基尼系数; 2.边际替代率; 3.挤出效应; 4.资本的边际效率。
三、辨析题:
1.在短期,当产品价格小于产品成本,即亏损时,厂商应该停止营业。
2.人们购买政府公债得到的利息与购买公司债券得到的利息都应该计入GDP之中。3.对于单个工人来说,工资率变动的替代效应始终是大于收入效应的。
4.对于新古典宏观经济学家来说,只要政府公开宣布实施反通货膨胀的紧缩性货币政策,社会就可以在不减少就业和产量的条件下降低通货膨胀率。
四、问答题
1.外部性对资源配置有何影响?为什么在交易成本为零的条件下,明晰产权可以消除外部性?
2.试述货币政策的作用机制与货币政策作用大小的决定因素。
五、计算题
1.成本不变行业中,某个完全竞争厂商的长期成本函数为: LTC=0.1q3-4q2+100q(q为厂商的产量),市场需求函数: Q=9000-100P(Q为该行业的销售量)。求:
(1)厂商长期均衡产量和销售价格;(2)该行业的长期均衡产量;
(3)行业长期均衡时的厂商数量。
2.假定政府当前预算赤字为150亿美元,边际消费倾向c=0.8,边际税率t=0.25。如果政府为降低通货膨胀率减少支出400亿美元。试问支出的这种变化最终能否消灭赤字?
一、单项选择
1.c; 2.c; 3.b;4.a;5.b;6.d;7.b;8.a;9.c;10.d;11.b;12.b;13.a;14.b;15.c。
二、名词解释
1.基尼系数是指收入分配完全平等的洛伦茨曲线同实际洛伦茨曲线围成的面积与收入分配完全平等的洛伦茨曲线同收入分配完全不平等的洛伦茨曲线围成的面积之比。它衡量一国收入分配的平等程度。吉尼系数越大,收入分配越不平等。
2.边际替代率是指在偏好和满足水平既定条件下,消费者每增加一单位某种商品的消费所愿意减少的另一种商品的数量。
3.挤出效应是指政府增加支出、减少税收所引起的结构性赤字的上升,有可能提高利率、减少私人投资的现象。
4.资本边际效率是一种贴现率,这种贴现率正好使一项资本品预期收益的现值等于该项资本品的重置价格。它与资本品的重置价格负相关,与资本的预期收益正相关。
三、辨析题
1.错。在短期,当产品价格小于产品成本,即亏损时,只要价格大于平均变动成本,厂商仍然应该生产。因为生产时所遭受的亏损(小于固定成本)总是小于停止营业时所遭受的亏损(固定成本)。只有在价格不仅小于产品成本,而且小于平均变动成本时,厂商才会停止营业。
2.错。人们购买公债得到的利息不应该计入GDP之中,购买公司债券得到的利息应该计入GDP之中。这是因为人们购买公司债券所得到的债息收入直接来源于产品的销售收入,当然要计入按收入法核算的GDP。公债利息直接来源于税收,而税收已经计入到按收入法核算的GDP之中。因此,政府公债利息不能再计入到GDP之中,否则,会重复计算。
3.错。对于单个工人来说,在工资率比较低时,工资率变动的替代效应大于收入效应,即劳动供给量会随着工资率的提高而增加。而在工资率较高时,工资率变动的替代效应小于收入效应,即劳动供给量随着工资率的提高而减少。因此,个别劳动供给曲线向后弯曲。
4.对。新古典宏观经济学认为,货币政策的变化如果被人们预期到,即使在短期对产量和就业水平也没有影响。被人们预期到的货币收缩,将使理性的当事人立即向下校正他们的通货膨胀预期。因此,从理论上说,货币当局可以在不花费任何产量和就业成本的情况下降低通货膨胀率,即中央银行降低通货膨胀率的成本为零。所以没有必要遵循正统货币主义所倡导的渐进性货币紧缩政策。当局可能只需要宣布降低货币扩张率,就能在不支付任何社会成本的条件下,将通货膨胀率降至其所希望的目标。
四、问答题 1.答:“外部性”是指某个经济主体的行为给他人带来了一定的没有被计入到交易价格之中影响。分积极的外部性和消极的外部性两种。外部性不利于资源的合理配置。如果某种产品的生产存在“积极外部性”,则该产品的社会边际收益大于社会边际成本,从社会的角度来说,该产品生产太少;如果某种产品的生产存在“消极外部性”,则该产品的社会边际收益小于社会边际成本,从社会的角度来说,该产品生产太多。
“外部性”本质上是产权不明晰的结果。在交易成本为零的条件下,产权的明晰与交易可以使 “外部性”内在化,消除外部性。
2.答:货币政策的作用机制为:若政府购买债券,增加货币供给量,在货币需求既定的条件下,利率就会下降。利率的降低增加投资,进而增加就业和收入。
货币政策的效果大小取决于LM曲线和IS曲线的斜率:
若IS曲线的斜率既定,货币政策的作用与LM曲线的斜率正相关。LM曲线越陡峭,意味着货币的投机需求曲线越陡峭,货币投机需求量对利率变动的反应越不敏感,反过来就是利率对投机需求量变动的反映越敏感:一定量的货币投机需求量的变动会引起利率的大量变动。因此当中央银行实行扩张性货币政策增加货币供给量进而增加货币的投机需求量时,若LM曲线比较陡峭,就会引起利率的大幅度下降,从而使投资量、就业和收入大幅度增加,货币政策的作用或效果就较大。同理,若LM曲线较平坦,货币政策的效果就较小。
如果LM曲线的斜率既定,货币政策的效果大小与IS曲线的斜率的绝对值负相关。IS曲线的斜率的绝对值越大,意味着投资曲线的斜率越大,投资对利率变动的反应越不敏感,即一定量的利率变动只能引起投资量少量的变动。因此当中央银行实行扩张性货币政策增加货币供给量进而增加货币的投机需求量引起利率下降时,若IS曲线比较陡峭,投资增加量就少,从而就业和收入的增加幅度也较小,货币政策的作用或效果就较小。同理,若IS曲线较平坦,货币政策的效果就较大。
五、计算题 1.解:
(1)厂商的长期平均成本为: LAC0.1q24q100;
厂商总是在长期平均最低处达到长期均衡,且长期均衡时,LAC=P。故有
LAC0.2q40,q20,P60;
(2)行业的长期均衡产量Q=9000-100P=3000;
(3)长期均衡状态下该行业内厂商的数量n=300020150。2.解:
三部门经济中的政府购买乘数为:KG12.5
1c(1t)当政府支出减少400亿美元时,收入减少量为: △ Y=KG·△G=2.5×400=-1000亿美元。△ 税收减少量为:△T=t△Y=0.25·(-1000)=-250亿美元
于是预算盈余增量为:△BS=△T-△G=-250-(-400)=150亿美元。
因此,当政府减少购买支出400亿美元时,政府预算盈余将增加150亿美元,正好消灭赤字。
第四篇:2018专升本管理学模拟卷A卷及答案
管 理 学 模 拟 卷 A
一、单项选择题(共 30 分,每小题 2分, 在每小题给出的选项中只有一个符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填入答题纸)。
1、要确保“事有人做,人有事做;事得其人,人得其事”,需做好管理中的()工作。A.计划
B.组织
C.领导
D.控制
2、美国管理大师彼德.德鲁克说过,如果你理解管理理论,但不具备管理技术和管理工具的运用能力,你还不是一个有效的管理者;反过来,如果仅具备管理技术和能力,而不掌握管理理论,那么你充其量只是一个技术员。这句话说明()
A.有效的管理者应该既掌握理论,又具备管理技巧与管理工具的运用能力B.是否掌握管理理论对管理工作的有效性来说,无足轻重C.如果理解管理理论,就能成为一名有效的管理者D.有效的管理这应该注重管理技术与工具的运用能力,而不必注意管理理论
3、在常用的控制标准中,“合格率”属于()
A.时间标准
B.数量标准
C.质量标准
D.成本标准
4、某公司总经理认为公司中存在宗派不利于组织目标的实现,宗派是非正式组织,所以非正式组织对公司是不利的。他的推断()
A.完全正确
B.不正确
C.不能判断
D.没有什麽正确与不正确
5、科学管理理论的中心问题是()。
A.改变组织作风
B.提高劳动生产率 C.提高人的积极性
D.提高市场占有率 6.下述哪一项不属于法约尔提出的管理的五项职能?()A.计划
B.组织
C.决策
D.控制
7、小张大学毕业后,在一家公司工作。几年来他工作积极,最近和其他人合作,成功地开发了一个新产品,领到了较丰厚的奖金。开始时很高兴,随后不久,他无意之中看到了领发奖金一览表,脸色一下子就阴沉了下来。下列哪种理论可以较恰当地予以解释?()A.公平理论
B.期望理论
C.双因素理论
D.需要层次理论
8.在经营单位组合分析法中,具有较高业务增长率和较高市场占有率的经营单位是()。A.明星
B.幼童
C.金牛
D.瘦狗
9、“大河有水小河满”和“小河有水大河干”说明()A.人们看问题的角度不同
B.人们所持的心态不同
C.系统的结构决定了系统的整体功能 D.系统的整体功能不等于个体功能之和
10.需要层次理论是()提出来的。
A.菲德勒
B.马斯洛
C.亚当斯
D.弗洛姆
11.()战略是指企业选择产业内一种或一组细分市场,并量体裁衣使其战略为所选择的细分市场服务。
A.特色优势
B.成本领先
C.市场开发
D.集中一点
12.一家食品公司有员工84人,假设管理幅度为9人,该公司的管理人员应为多少人?管理层次有多少层?()
A.10人,3层
B.11人,3层
C.9人,4层
D.10人,4层
13、公司总经理把产品销售的责任和权力委派给一位副总经理M,但同时又要求各地经销部的经理直接向公司总会计师K汇报当天的销售指标,K可以直接向各地经销部经理下达指令。总经理的这种做法违反了管理中的()原则?
A.责权对等原则 B.统一指挥原则
C.分权管理原则
D.专业管理原则
14、某部门主管将注意力几乎都放在了对任务的完成上,而对下属的心理因素、士气和发展很少关心。根据管理方格理论,该主管的领导作风属于()
A.贫乏型
B.任务型
C.中庸型
D.战斗集体型
15、梅奥等人通过霍桑实验得出结论:人们的生产效率不仅受到物理的、生理的因素的影响,而且还受到社会环境、社会心理因素的影响。由此创立了()。A.行为科学学说 B.人文关系学说 C.人际关系学说 D.科学管理学说
二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分)
16.扁平结构的优点是()A.易于横向协调 B.管理费用低 C.缩短了上下级之间的距离 D.信息纵向流通快 E.严密监督下级
17.下列属于运用前馈控制的是()A.企业根据现有产品销售不畅的情况,决定改变产品结构 B.猎人把瞄准点定在飞奔的野兔的前方 C.根据虫情预报,农业公司做好农药储备 D.汽车驾驶员在上坡时,为了保持一定的车速,提前踩加速器 E.瞄准靶心射击 18.董事会的主要职能有()2 A.挑选总经理 B.决定利润分配 C.制定预算 D.决定公司目标 E.执行日常决策 19.非正式组织对正式组织的工作可能造成的危害包括()
A.影响正式组织的变革 B.影响命令的畅通 C.束缚成员个人的发展 D.影响信息传递速度 E.由于目标冲突而产生极为不利的影响
20.决策的特征是()
A、要有两个以上的备选方案
B、追求的是最优方案
C、要有明确而具体的决策方案
D、要以了解和掌握信息为基础
三、简答题(共30分,每题10分)。
21.计划编制的过程。
22.控制的意义?常见的控制方式有哪些? 23.双因素理论的主要论点。
四、论述题(20分)
24.论述管理的一般环境
五、计算题
25.某企业的决策信息如下,请用最小最大后悔值法为企业选择方案(需列出计算表格)。收益(万元)大批量中批量小批量需求大500300200需求中300200150需求小-25080100 26.某工厂成批生产某种产品,售价为45元,成本为30元,这种产品当天生产,当天销售。如果当天卖不出去,则只能按每个20元的价格处理。如果这个工厂每天的产量可以是1000个、1500个、2000个、2500个,这种产品每天的市场需求量及其发生的概率如下表所示。
试问工厂领导如何决策?
六、案例分析题(共20分,详细分值在题目后标注,答案请写在答题纸上)。
27.甲研究所设备先进,人才济济,但却一直没有很高水平的科研成果。该所负责人王所长采用“重金悬赏”的方法。他坚信 ”重赏之下必有勇夫”,但收效甚微。为了更好地管理研究人员,他制定了严格的考勤制度:迟到3分钟要罚款100元。为此,员工有时为准时到达,不惜打出租车上班。该所员工的出勤率一直保持较高水平。在一次行业研讨会上,规模相近3 的乙研究所发布了几项重要科研成果,并介绍了经验。他们认为每个员工都希望做好工作,为此推行了"弹性工作制”以及研究人员自我组合、自主管理的方法。尽管乙研究所取得了这样的成绩,但王所长仍然认为采用这种方法会失去控制,这种方法不宜推广。
要求:(1)请结合人性假设理论,判断这两家研究所对人性的假设分别是什么?(5分)
(2)评价两个研究所的管理效果。(5分)
28.A公司是一家软件开发企业,员工大多都是刚毕业
一、两年的年轻人。A公司人力资源经理认为,刚毕业的年轻人应该比较喜欢挑战,因此他向公司领导提出制订关于强调表彰、提升、给予更大的个人责任和股票期权计划等更具挑战性的员工激励计划,但计划交由员工讨论时,员工们却对此不感兴趣,他们向公司抱怨他们加班太多、薪水不够高、休假太少等。
问题:(1)请根据马斯洛的需要层次理论分析员工的抱怨(5分)
(2)公司要激励员工,目前应着手的行动是什么?(5分)
模拟卷A卷参考答案
一、单项选择题(每题2分,共30分)1-5 BACBB 6-10 CAADB 11-15 DABBC
二、多项选择题(每题4分,共20分)16.BCD 17.BCD 18.ABD 19.ACE 20.ACD
三、简答题(每题10分,共30分)21.计划编制过程包括以下八点:(1)确定目标(2)认清现在(3)研究过去。(4)预测并有效地确定计划的重要前提条件(5)拟定和选择可行性行动方案(6)制定 22.控制的意义?常见的控制方式有哪些?
控制的意义有3点。(1)适应外部环境的变化(2)与管理权力的分散相适应,企业分权程度越高,控制就越有必要(3)个体工作能力存在差异,因此即使企业制定了全面完善的计划,经营环境在一定时期内也相对稳定,对经营活动的控制仍是必要的(6分)常见的控制方式:预算控制,财务控制,过程控制,前馈控制,反馈控制,同步控制等等(写出任意4个即可得4分)
23.20世纪50年代后期,美国心理学家赫茨伯格,通过一项研究提出“双因素论”。一方面是人们对诸如本组织的政策和管理、监督、工作条件、人际关系、薪金、地位、职业安定以及个人生活所需,等等,如果得到满足后就没有不满,得不到满足则产生不满,赫茨伯格把这类因素统称为“保健”因素;另一方面,人们对诸如成就、赏识(认可)、艰巨的工作、晋升和工作的成长、责任感等,如果得到满足则感到满意,得不到满足则没有满意感(但不是不满)。他把这一类又统称为“激励”因素。赫茨伯格认为,只有靠激励因素来调动员工的积极性,才能提高生产效率。
四、论述题(20分)
24.理的一般环境亦称宏观环境,指对所有组织都会产生间接影响的外部环境因素,一般包括:⑴经济环境。组织所在国家或地区总体经济状况,包括消费者购买力、利息率、通货膨胀率、失业率、社会总体价格水平等。(2)社会、文化、人口和自然环境。包括人口因素(人口地分布、人口密度、年龄结构、受教育程度),人们的态度、要求、期望、信念,以及历史文化、民族风俗、道德状况等。(3)政治、政府和法律环境。政府的政治活动、法律、法规、政策、措施,以及国家总体的稳定性、政府官员对组织所持的态度等。⑷技术环境。科学技术的发展变化。科技环境是外部环境中最为活跃的因素。⑸全球化环境。全球经济一体化已成为世界发展的重要趋势,各种组织正面临着全球环境的机遇和挑战。
五、计算题(30分,每题15分)25.选择中批量的方案。计算过程如下。
后悔值计算收益(万元)大批量中批量 小批量最大后悔值需求大0200300需求中0100150需求小*** 26.此题为风险型决策。
六、案例分析题(每题10分,共20分)
27.(1)甲研究所将员工看做经济人,采用萝卜加大棒的政策,乙研究所将员工看作社会人,关注员工的心理需求。
(2)管理的效果取决于管理者是否能采用与管理环境相适应的管理方式。本案例中的研究所,员工工作成熟度较高,能够自我激励,因此应该激发员工的主观能动性,给与员工一定的决策权力,从而做出创造性的成绩,乙研究所管理方式更佳。
28.(1)马斯洛需要层次理论认为,人的需要是分层次的,当某一级的需要获得满足以后,这一级的需要便中止了它的作用,而且只有当低层次的需要已经满足时,高层次需要才能对人起激励作用。A公司有人抱怨薪水太少,加班太多等这都表明了他们的较低层次的需要社会需要、安全需要甚至生理需要都还没有满足,这样人力资源程序经理所提计划涉及的这些高层次需要就没有办法激励员工。(2)应立即解决员工提出的的问题,满足其较低层次的需要,然后再设计满足较高层次需要的激励方案。
第五篇:2013年成人高考专升本英语模拟试题及答案(二)
2013年成人高考专升本英语模拟试题及答案(二)Ⅰ.Phonetics(10 points)
Directions: In each of following groups of words, there are four underlined letter combinations marked A, B, C and D.Compare underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.A.enough B.about C.touch D.Young 2.A.thirsty B.throat C.youth D.Those 3.A.shut B.cut C.funny D.use
4.A.thanks B.pills C.news D.films
5.A.dear B.heart C.ear D.tear
6.A.births B.depths C.months D.mouths
7.A.election B.pronunciation C.question D.operation
8.A.hot B.home C.top D.off
9.A.may B.day C.stay D.Sunday
10.A.weigh B.eight C.seize D.daily Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure(40 points)
Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11._______ we won the war.A.In the end B.On the end C.By the end D.At the end
12.As a poor fresh student, he had to do a part-time job _______ money.A.owing to B.because of C.on account of D.for the sake of
13.Too much drinking would ______ his health.A.do harm for B.do harmful to C.do harm to D.do harmful for
14.The days _______ you could travel without a passport are a thing of the past.A.in which B.on which C.of which D.at which 13.15.He insists that he ______ innocent.A.is B.be C.should be D.were
16.The teacher said, “Stop ______”.So we stopped _______.A.to talk„to read B.talking„to read C.talking„reading D.talking„read
17.Could I have some milk, some orange juice, and some eggs ______? A.instead of B.in addition C..as well D.so much
18.______ after his death that he was recognized as a great composer.A.It was not until B.It is until C.It was until D.Not until
19.Our classroom is ______ in the school building.A.bigger than any other one B.bigger than all
C.the biggest of all the others D.the biggest of any one
20.It was Thomas Alva Edison who ______ the electric lamp.A.discovered B.invented C.innovated D.found
21.I’d like you ______ to see him.A.go B.going C.to go D.have gone
22.Your coat ______ his.A.like B.likes C.is like D.will look like 23.Either you or I _____ meet him at the airport.A.are to B.is to C.am to D.were to
24.Each has an apple, ______?
A.has he B.doesn’t he C.does he D.don’t they
25.Sports, ______ perhaps you don’t like very much, may make you strong.A.that B.which C.it D.and
26.We should look ______ the matter before we reach a conclusion.A.into B.for C.to D.at
27.Hospital doctors don’t go out very often as their work _______ all their time.A.takes away B.takes in C.takes over D.takes up
28.He is ______ to speak the truth.A.too much of a coward B.too much a coward
C.so much a coward D.so much of a coward
29.It’s strange that you ______ like that at the meeting.A.should speak B.spoke C.should have spoken D.speak
30.He ______ when the bus came to a sudden stop.A.was almost hurt B.was to hurt himself
C.was hurt himself D.was hurting himself
31.Mary likes _______ very much, but she didn’t go _______ last Sunday.A.to swim…swimming B.swimming…to swim
C.to swim…to swim D.swimming…swimming
32.More ______, less speed.A.hurry B.rush C.quickness D.haste
33.______ with the size of the whole earth, the high est mountain doesn’t seem high at all.A.When compared B.Compare C.While comparing D.Comparing
34.The fact ______ money orders can usually be easily cashed has made them a popular form of payment.A.of B.is that C.that D.which is
35.He is working very hard to ______ the lost time in the past 10 years.A.make for B.make up for C.make up D.make out
36.If a child is absent ______ school for long periods, he should be given extra work.A.at B.in C.from D.out of
37.Neither of your proposals ________.A.make sense B.are practical C.makes sense D.make senses
38.It is obvious that there are at least two vitamins.______ is soluble in fat;_____ is soluble in water.A.The one…the other B.One…the other
C.One…another D.One…the another
39.It’s a good _______ to eat with the mouth closed.A.custom B.habit C.way D.style
40.You ought not to _______ him the news that day.A.tell B.be telling C.have told D.be told
41.He attempted _______ to set up a company of his own.A.with vain B.on vain C.in vain D.of vain
42.-“I slipped on the stairs.I think my arm is broken”.-“Oh!I _______.”
A.don’t hope B.hope not so C.do not hope D.hope not
43.The last man ______ the sinking ship was the captain.A.left B.leaves C.to be leaving D.to leave
44.One of his many faults is that that he never ______ any thing very long.A.decides on B.sticks to C.goes over D.makes up
45.You are worthy _______ the honour.A.to B.at C.for D.of
46.Billing pitched so well ______ everyone cheered him at the end of the game.A.as B.since C.that D.whereas
47.The _______ of blood always makes him feel sick.A.sight B.view C.look D.form
48.A child learns to read by seeing the words _______.A.properly B.repeatedly C.repeatly D.obviously
49.Our friendship is ______ and we will never again be separated.A.restored B.reserved C.restrained D.repeated
50.He couldn’t explain the _______ of ten years in his job history.A.gap B.interrupting C.opening D.margin Ⅲ.Cloze(20 points)
Directions:
For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices given below and marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Investors can _51_ money simply by loaning it.The money they loan is called capital.Security(担保)is an expensive item which the borrower mortgages(抵押)to the investor to show that he intends to _52_ the debt.The way investors make money on loans is to charge interest.Interest is money that _53_ pay to investors for the use of their money.Interest is usually a certain percentage of the capital.Investors sometimes _54 ten percent or more interest per year.The interest may be calculated daily, monthly, or yearly.The interest must be _55_ before the capital can be repaid.If the interest is not _56_ the agreed rate, the interest is added _57_ the capital.Then the borrower has _58_ pay interest on the unpaid interest _59_ on the capital.A debt can grow quickly this way.If the total of the capital and accumulated interest gets too high, the investor will take _60_ of the item used as security and sell it to get his money back.51.A.get B.make C.have D.carry
52.A.repay B.leave C.get D.give 53.A.borrowers B.lenders C.peoples D.others
54.A.cost B.ask C.charge D.change
55.A.by day B.by the day C.every day D.daily
56.A.paid B.to be paid C.pay D.paying
57.A.on B.to C.for D.with
58.A.to B.on C.into D onto
59.A.or B.also C.but also D.as well as 60.A.the place B.possession C.turn D.care Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension(60 points)
Directions:
There are four reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by five questions.For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage One
Students enrolled at least half time may borrow up to $3,000 form the government over a two-year period.Repayment of the loan begins six months after the student leaves school.These loans carry on interest until this time.The current interest rate is 5 percent.Students may borrow up to $4,500 annually from a bank, credit union, savings and loan association or other eligible lender.Repayment on these loans usually begins six months after the student leaves school.These loans carry no interest until this time.This current interest rate is 9 percent.Parents may borrow up to $300 annually for each dependent college.Repayment begins forty-five days after receiving the loan, and the interest rate is 12 percent.61.Which of the following is the main purpose?
To remind students and their families to repay their loan.To compare interest rates.To inform students and parents of the various loans available.To show that government loans charge the least interest.62.The highest interest rate is charged to _______.A.full-time students B.parents
C.students borrowing from a credit union D.half-time students
63.If parents had three children in college how much could they borrow annually?
A.900 B.3,000 C.300 D.9,000
64.According to the passage which of the following is true.The government lends students enrolled at least half time up to 3,000 annually.Students may borrow up to $4,500 annually from four sources.Students enrolled less than half time may borrow money.The current interest rate from banksurn D.care Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension(60 points)
Directions:
There are four reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by five questions.For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage One
Students enrolled at least half time may borrow up to $3,000 form the government over a two-year period.Repayment of the loan begins six months after the student leaves school.These loans carry on interest until this time.The current interest rate is 5 percent.Students may borrow up to $4,500 annually from a bank, credit union, savings and loan association or other eligible lender.Repayment on these loans usually begins six months after the student leaves school.These loans carry no interest until this time.This current interest rate is 9 percent.Parents may borrow up to $300 annually for each dependent college.Repayment begins forty-five days after receiving the loan, and the interest rate is 12 percent.61.Which of the following is the main purpose?
To remind students and their families to repay their loan.To compare interest rates.To inform students and parents of the various loans available.To show that government loans charge the least interest.62.The highest interest rate is charged to _______.A.full-time students B.parents
C.students borrowing from a credit union D.half-time students
63.If parents had three children in college how much could they borrow annually?
A.900 B.3,000 C.300 D.9,000
64.According to the passage which of the following is true.The government lends students enrolled at least half time up to 3,000 annually.Students may borrow up to $4,500 annually from four sources.Students enrolled less than half time may borrow money.The current interest rate from banks
t working
one’s muscles are used only to the extent necessary for each action they perform
one improves muscular action consciously
68.Muscles are unique fibers because, they can ________.A.contract B.stretch C.retract D.do all of the above
69.Under a microscope, muscle cells appear to be _______.A.textured like wood B.colored like wood
C.smooth and red D.short and thick
70.According to the selection more than half of a person’s body is composed of ______.A.voluntary muscles B.involuntary muscles
C.muscle fibers D.sensory nerves
The large part which war played in English affairs in the Middle-Ages, the fact that the control of the army and navy was in the hands of those that spoke French, and the circumstances that much of English fighting was done in France all resulted in the introduction into English of a number of French military terms.The art of war has undergone such changes since the battles of Hastings, Lewes, and Agincourt that many words once common are now only in historical use.Their places have been taken by later borrowings, often like wise from French, many of them being words acquired by the French in the course of their wars in Italy during the sixteenth century.Yet we still use French words of the Middle Ages when we speak of the army and the navy, of peace, enemy, battle, soldier, guard and spy, and we have kept the names of officers such as captain and sergeant.Some of the French terms were introduced into English because they were needed to express a new object or a new idea.In other cases a French and a native English word for the same thing existed side by side.Sometimes one or the other has since been lost from the language;but sometimes both the borrowed and the native word have been still in common use.71.The main idea of this passage is that ______.most of today’s common English military terms dated from the sixteenth century or later
a study of the English vocabulary shows the important part which war has played in the history of England
many French words borrowed into English during the Middle Ages have since disappeared from the language
many military terms used in English were originally borrowed from French, some as early as the Middle Ages
72.All of the following have something to do with the introduction into English of many French military terms except that _______.war played an important part in English affairs in the Middle Ages
the English army and navy were controlled by those who spoke French in the war between England and France
France invaded England in the Middle Ages and many battles were fought in England
much of English fighting was done in France in the war between England and France
73.The art of war has undergone such changes that _______.we no longer use any French words of the Middle Ages
many words once common are not used any longer and they are replaced by Italian words
French military terms have disappeared from the English language
many words once common are now only in historical use and their places have been taken by the newly-borrowed words
74.Which of the following is not the French word borrowed into English during the Middle Ages?
A.sergeant B.battle C.spy D.fight
75.The writer takes the words “battle” and “fight” as an example to show______.French words are needed to express something new
a French and a native word for the same thing have been still in common use side by side French word or the other has been lost from the English language
“battle” is the borrowed word and “fight” is the native one
Passage Four
“Fingers were made before forks” when a person gives up good manners, puts aside knife and fork, and dives into his food, someone is likely to repeat ixteenth century or later
a study of the English vocabulary shows the important part thich war has played in the history of England
many French words borrowed into English during the Middle Ages have since disappeared from the language
many military terms used in English were originally borrowed from French, some as early as the Middle Ages
72.All of the following have something to do with the introduction into English of many French military terms except that _______.war played an important part in English affairs in the Middle Ages
the English army and navy were controlled by those who spoke French in the war between England and France
France invaded England in the Middle Ages and many battles were fought in England
much of English fighting was done in France in the war between England and France
73.The art of war has undergone such changes that _______.we no longer use any French words of the Middle Ages
many words once common are not used any longer and they are replaced by Italian words
French military terms have disappeared from the English language
many words once common are now only in historical use and their places have been taken by the newly-borrowed words
74.Which of the following is not the French word borrowed into English during the Middle Ages?
A.sergeant B.battle C.spy D.fight
75.The writer takes the words “battle” and “fight” as an example to show______.French words are needed to express something new
a French and a native word for the same thing have been still in common use side by side French word or the other has been lost from the English language
“battle” is the borrowed word and “fight” is the native one
Passage Four
“Fingers were made before forks” when a person gives up good manners, puts aside knife and fork, and dives into his food, someone is likely to repeat that saying.The fork was an ancient agricultural tool, but for centuries no one thought of eating with it.Not until the eleventh century, when a young lady from Constantinople brought her fork to Italy, did the custom reach Europe.By the fifteenth century the use of the fork was widespread in Italy.The English explanation was that Italians were averse to eating food touched with fingers, “Seeing all men’s fingers are not alike clean.” English travellers kept their friends in stitches while describing this ridiculous Italian custom.Anyone who used a fork to eat with was laughed at in England for the next hundred years.Men who used forks were thought to be sissies, and women who used them were called show-offs and overnice.Not until the late 1600’s did using a fork become a common custom.76.The custom of eating with a fork was _______.A.brought to Europe from America B.begun when forks were invented
C.brought to Europe from Asia D.invented by Italians
77.By the fifteenth century forks were used _______.A.all over Italy B.only in Constantinople
C.widely in Europe D.In England 78.To English travellers in Italy, the use of forks seemed _______.A.clever B.necessary C.good manner D.Ridiculous
79.The English thought that Italians used forks in order to ________.A.imitate the people of the East B.keep their food clean
C.impress visitors with their good manners D.amuse the English
80.In England, people who used forks at that time were considered ______.A.well mannered B.sissies C.show-offs and overnice D.both B and C Ⅴ.Writing(20 points)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 20 minutes to write a short composition of about 80 words on the title: The Bicycle in China.Base your composition on the outline given below.1.在中国,自行车是最为流行的交通工具。
2.骑自行车有许多好处。
3.自行车的未来…… 参考答案
Ⅰ.P that saying.The fork was an ancient agricultural tool, but for centuries no one thought of eating with it.Not until the eleventh century, when a young lady from Constantinople brought her fork to Italy, did the custom reach Europe.By the fifteenth century the use of the fork was widespread in Italy.The English explanation was that Italians were averse to eating food touched with fingers, “Seeing all men’s fingers are not alike clean.” English travellers kept their friends in stitches while describing this ridiculous Italian custom.Anyone who used a fork to eat with was laughed at in England for the next hundred years.Men who used forks were thought to be sissies, and women who used them were called show-offs and overnice.Not until the late 1600’s did using a fork become a common custom.76.The custom of eating with a fork was _______.A.brought to Europe from America B.begun when forks were invented
C.brought to Europe from Asia D.invented by Italians
77.By the fifteenth century forks were used _______.A.all over Italy B.only in Constantinople
C.widely in Europe D.In England
78.To English travellers in Italy, the use of forks seemed _______.A.clever B.necessary C.good manner D.ridiculous
79.The English thought that Italians used forks in order to ________.A.imitate the people of the East B.keep their food clean
C.impress visitors with their good manners D.amuse the English
80.In England, people who used forks at that time were considered ______.A.well mannered B.sissies C.show-offs and overnice D.both B and C Ⅴ.Writing(20 points)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 20 minutes to write a short composition of about 80 words on the title: The Bicycle in China.Base your composition on the outline given below.1.在中国,自行车是最为流行的交通工具。
2.骑自行车有许多好处。
3.自行车的未来…… 参考答案
Ⅰ.P honetics
1.B 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C
8.B 9.D 10.C
Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure
11.A 12.D 13.C 14.A 15.A 16.B 17.C
18.A 19.A 20.B 21.C 22.C 23.C 24.B
25.B 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.A 31.B
32.D 33.A 34.C 35.B 36.C 37.C 38.B
39.B 40.C 41.C 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.D
46.C 47.A 48.B 49.A 50.A
Ⅲ.Cloze
51.B 52.A 53.A 54.C 55.D 56.A 57.B
58.A 59.D 60.B
Ⅳ.Reading Comprehension
61.C 62.B 63.A 64.B 65.B 66.C 67.C
68.D 69.A 70.C 71.D 72.C 73.D 74.D
75.B 76.C 77.A 78.D 79.B 80.D Ⅴ.Writing
The Bicycle in China The bicycle is the most popular means of transportation in China.China is a country “on bicycle wheels”.People ride them for various purposes such as going to and from school and work.Bicycles are very cheap and easy to buy in China.There are many advantages to riding a bicycle.First, using a bicycle can greatly help reduce the air pollution in many big cities.Second, people can improve their health by riding a bicycle.The future of bicycle will be bright.In some European countries, city governments have arranged pedestrians to use “public bicycles” to travel round the city center free of charge.