2015年西南大学英语考博真题答案[大全五篇]

第一篇：2015年西南大学英语考博真题答案

西南大学2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案

Part I: Grammar and Vocabulary(20%)1-5CADDD 6-10AABCD 11-15 CABBA 16-20 CBAAC Part II: Reading Comprehension(30%)

1-5 DCACB

6-10 AACAD

11-15 DAACA Part Ⅲ：English to Chinese Translation(15%)她看到了屋外广场上，充满新春气息的树梢是那么的兴奋。空气中弥漫着芬芳的雨的气息。窗户下面的街道上，小贩正在叫卖他的器皿。远处传来缥缈的歌声，数不清的麻雀也在屋檐下叽叽喳喳地唱个不停。

对着她窗户的西边天空上，层层叠叠的云朵之间，露着一绺一绺的蔚蓝蔚蓝色的天空。突出文章的主题：被压抑的个性和对自由的追求。她把头靠在椅背上，非常地平静。除了像个孩子自己哭着睡着了，还继续呜咽一样，她也偶尔地呜咽一下，这使她有点颤抖。

她很年青，她那白皙、安详的脸上线条，显示着一种压抑甚至说是一种力量。但是现在，她那凝望蓝天的双眸，目光茫然，甚或有点呆滞。这并不是匆匆沉思的一瞥，更不是一种长久的深思熟虑，而是精神世界一片空旷。

Part Ⅳ: Chinese to English Translation(15%)Primary and secondary school will impart to you only some rudiments of knowledge.Even what you learn during the four years of university will be something quite superficial too.A university has often been misleadingly referred to as “the highest seat of learning, which sounds as if there were no more learning to speak of beyond it.The research institute of a university, however, is the place for preliminary scholarship.But even there you get only the first taste of learning and the emphasis is on research methodology and practice.Art is long, life is short.That is why some of our ancients continued to study even when they were hoary-headed.They were, of course, motivated by an enormous interest in their studies.Part V: Essay Writing(10%)

The Pleasure of Learning

The Pleasure of Learning Almost everyone will be confused when they ask themselves, ”why we learn.“ In China, students answer this question, ”to pass the College Entrance Examination“.But after I read the article which entitled The Pleasure of Learning, I know the correct answer.It's the pleasure of learning.In this article, the author thinks learning is a natural, inborn and instinctive pleasure, and it's one of the innate pleasures of the human race.However, this pleasure is not confined to learning from textbooks.It is found in all kinds of the experience, practices, arts, crafts and explorations.He believes that the wholeness of the mind and spirit can only be achieved through exerting one's own efforts.When it comes to this article, what promptly surges into my mind is the childhood memory of learning.When I was young, my teachers used to discuss ”why we learn? " with us.There were many reasons coming up.We learn because we need to acquire professional knowledge and therefore a good job.We can use the knowledge to help people, and we will learn ourselves better by knowing more about the world.We can reap huge fruits from it, the pleasure.The last reason was the one our teacher emphasized most but I think I didn't truly get it then.This was not to say that I didn't like to go to school and acquire new knowledge.The knowledge I got from formal education is aimed to be service for the final examination completely and has slowly faded away.Having been lost the motivation, learning new things just became a burden for me.Fortunately, as my approaching to 40s with more insights of myself and the world, I started to attain the happiness again.Learning to unlock the relationship between practical use and learning in my mind, I became able to enjoy knowing new things, but not the possible rewards they might bring to me.From my perspective, I realized that learning is a way, and the only way.We become more intimate with the world we're living in.Now, I think I understand the true meaning of the pleasure of learning.

第二篇：2015武汉大学考博英语部分真题答案

感谢”珞珈人（武大考博）197431621”群网友热心提供题源

一、阅读理解

Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty.Because justice is regarded as one form.of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime.Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.” That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society.To make up for his offence, society must get even.This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him.This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times.It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder.This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel.He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed.The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract this denial and restore the self that has been denied.To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own will pay his debt.The demand of the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him his due.Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice.The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it.It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him.The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society.Before a treatment can be administered, the cause of his antisocial behavior.must be found.If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done.Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated front the rest of the society.This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime.It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him.If severe punishments is the only adequate means for accompanying this, it should be administered.However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society.His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.1.The best title for this selection is（B）A.Fitting Punishment to the Crime B.Approaches to Just Punishment C.Improvement in Legal Justice D.Attaining Justice in the Courts

2.The passage implies that the basic difference between retributive justice and corrective justice is the（C）.A.type of crime that was proven B.severity for the punishment C.reason for the sentence D.outcome of the trial

3.The punishment that would be most inconsistent with the views of corrective justice would be（D）.A.forced brain surgery B.whipping C.solitary confinement D.the electric chair

4.The Biblical expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” was presented in order to（D）.A.prove，that equality demands just punishment B.justify the need for punishment as a part of law C.give moral backing to retributive justice D.prove that man has long been interested in justice

”In every known human society the male's needs for achievement can be recognized...In a great number of human societies men's sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice.Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat.“

This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete.There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defences which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women's pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men's status.In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children.More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behaviour: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities.Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life.It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people's sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes.In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going.Amorous initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship with a club.5.The phrase ”men's sureness of their sex role“ in the first paragraph suggests that they（C）

A.are confident in their ability to charm women.B.take the initiative in courtship.C.have a clear idea of what is considered ”manly“.D.tend to be more immoral than women are.6.The third paragraph（A）

A.generally agrees with the first paragraph B.has no connection with the first paragraph C.repeats the argument of the second paragraph D.contradicts the last paragraph

7.The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph（B）A.is based on the study of archaeology B.illustrates how people expect men to behave C.is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant joke D.proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer

8.The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the author（D）A.approves of B.argues is natural C.completely rejects D.expects to go on changing

Farmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations.It makes it hard to plan ahead.But most of them have little choice: they sell at the price the market sets.Farmers in Europe, the U.S.and Japan are luckier: they receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts.Last month U.S.President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers $190 billion over the next 10 years, or $83 billion more than they had been scheduled to get, and pushes U.S.agricultural support close to crazy European levels.Bush said the step was necessary to ”promote farmer independence and preserve the farm way of life for generations“.It is also designed to help the Republican Party win control of the Senate in November's mid term elections.Agricultural production in most poor countries accounts for up to 50% of GDP, compared to only 3% in rich countries.But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families.Those who try exporting to the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper subsidized goods.In 1999 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that for each dollar developing countries receive in aid they lose up to $14 just because of trade barriers imposed on the export of their manufactured goods.It's not as if the developing world wants any favours, says Gerald Ssendwula, Uganda's Minister of Finance.”What we want is for the rich countries to let us compete.“

Agriculture is one of the few areas in which the Third World can compete.Land and labour are cheap, and as farming methods develop, new technologies should improve output.This is no pie in the sky speculation.The biggest success in Kenya's economy over the past decade has been the boom in exports of cut flowers and vegetables to Europe.But that may all change in 2008, when Kenya will be slightly too rich to qualify for the ”least developed country“ status that allows African producers to avoid paying stiff European import duties on selected agricultural products.With trade barriers in place, the horticulture industry in Kenya will shrivel as quickly as a discarded rose.And while agriculture exports remain the great hope for poor countries, reducing trade barriers in other sectors also works: Americas African Growth and Opportunity Act, which cuts duties on exports of everything from handicrafts to shoes, has proved a boon to Africa's manufacturers.The lesson: the Third World can prosper if the rich world gives it a fair go.This is what makes Bush's decision to increase farm subsidies last month all the more depressing.Poor countries have long suspected that the rich world urges trade liberalization only so it can wangle its way into new markets.Such suspicions caused the Seattle trade talks to break down three years ago.But last November members of the World Trade Organization, meeting in Doha, Qatar, finally agreed to a new round of talks designed to open up global trade in agriculture and textiles.Rich countries assured poor countries, that their concerns were finally being addressed.Bush's handout last month makes a lie of America's commitment to those talks and his personal devotion to free trade.9.By comparison, farmers（C）receive more government subsidies than others.? A.in the developing world B.in Japan C.in Europe D.in America?

10.In addition to the economic considerations, there is a（A）motive behind Bush’s signing of the new farm bill.? A.partisan B.social C.financial D.cultural?

11.The message the writer attempts to convey throughout the passage is that（A）? A.poor countries should be given equal opportunities in trade?

B.“the least?developed country” status benefits agricultural countries? C.poor countries should remove their suspicions about trade liberalization? D.farmers in poor countries should also receive the benefit of subsidies

12.The writer’s attitude towards new farm subsidies in the U.S.is（C）? A.favourable B.ambiguous C.critical D.reserved

Roger Rosenblatt’s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies.As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history.Addison Gayle’s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.Rosenblatt’s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions.First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors? Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition.Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology.These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly White culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open.Rosenblatt’s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity;he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results.For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse.Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism;does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?

In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study.Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.The author objects to criticism of Black fiction like that by Addison Gayle because it（D）.A.emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fiction B.misinterprets the ideological content of such fiction C.misunderstands the notions of Black identity contained in such fiction D.substitutes political for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction

14.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with（A）.A.evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism B.comparing various critical approaches to ”a subject C.discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism D.summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism

15.The author's discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as（B）.A.pedantic and contentious B.critical but admiring C.ironic and deprecating D.argumentative but unfocused

16.It can be inferred that the author would be LEAST likely to approve of which of the following（C）

A.An analysis of the influence of political events on the personal ideology of Black writers B.A critical study that applies sociopolitical criteria to autobiographies by Black authors C.A literary study of Black poetry that appraises the merits of poems according to the political acceptability of their themes

D.An examination of the growth of a distinct Black literary tradition within the context of Black history

三、汉译英

得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感到打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志 起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄地掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华。自己的哥姐、堂表兄弟，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一瞬间，一阵被人摈弃、为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。

Before I fell ill, my parents doted on me a lot.I could have my way at home.Once I was isolated and confined in a chamber on the hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed.One spring evening, my parents held a Banquet in the garden, where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom.In no time, a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there.I, without being noticed, lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden, and my elder sisters, brothers and my cousins, each full of the joys of spring, were shuttling among the guests.Quickly enough, I was thrown into a fist of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and discarded by the rest and could not help crying my heart out.四、作文

How to Prevent Plagiarism

第三篇：中国人民大学-考博英语真题

中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题

客观题部分

请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！II.Vocabulary(10 points)PartA(5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices

marked iL B, C arm 1).Choose the:one thatbest completes the

sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across

the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.Example: She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ A.previously B.vLrtually

C.primarily D.domestically The sentence should read,;“She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany.” Therefore, you should choose D.Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [D]

1.International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__

patriotism.A.obsolete

B.aggressive C.harmonious D.amiable Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.A.dilemmas B.countenances C.concessions D.junctions 3.People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify D.adhere 4.Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife

for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A.conservation B.maintenance C.storage

D.reserve 5.According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking 15 points.last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted D.fluctuated 6.Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and

frustrated thousands of users around the world.A.genius

B.vires

C.disease

D.bacteria 7.The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the.worst form of

competition in schools.A.negligent B.edible

C.fabulous D.disproportionate 8.The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his

grandparents lived.A.reconciled

B.consolidated C.deteriorated

D.attributed 9.During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to

practice his Chinese.A.passed on B.passed up C.passed by D.passed out 10.When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be

distributed.A.paradoxes B.legacies

C.platitudes D.analogin Part B(5 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase

underlined.Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and

D.Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square

bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.Example: The secretary is Very competent;she can finish all these letters within one

..;.,ca, ODe bour.A.careful

B.industrious C.clever

D.capable In this sentence, “competent” is closest-;n m e:zting to “capable”.Therefore you should choose D.Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [DD] 11.He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional

roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A.depict

B.advocate

D;criticize D.analyze 12,.They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A.confirm B.achieve C.match

D exaggerate

13.The most urgent thing is to find a dump.for those toxic____ industrial wastes.A.imminent B.recyclable C.smelly D.poisonous i4.British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction.A.allies

B.delegates C.voters

D.juries

15.The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and our own retirement security is ,chilling.A.frightening B.promising

C.freezing D.revealing 16.Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A.secret plan B.bold attack

C.clever design D.joint effort 17.Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different beorefical and political positions.A.trustworthy B.intelligent

C.diligent D.meticulous 18.Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.A.intriguing B.exasperating: C.demonstrative D.unprovoked 19.The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for.nocturnal raids in the forest.A.illegal

B.night-time

C, brutal D.abusive 20.Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight, A.mercurial B, gallant

C.ardent D.frugal III.Cloze(10 points)Directions : Read the following passage.Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, ___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full-time passion.The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph.D candidates ___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet.Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on Yahoo.During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community.They developed customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material ___32___ on the Intemet.The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for “Yet

Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle”.but Filo and Yang insist they selected the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos.Yahoo? itself first ___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, “akebono”, while the search engine was ___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, “Konishiki”.In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files ___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape.As a result Stanford's computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc.Today, Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.1.A.became

B.grew

C.mm

D.intend 2.A.made

B.saw

C.looked

D.turned 3.A.in

B.on

C.about

D.fer 4.A.touch

?.contact

C.n-ack

D.record 5.A.founded

E.found

C.argued

D.reported 6.A.unwieldy

B.tough

C.tamable

D invaluable

7.A.exchanged

B.shank

C.sold

D.converted 8.A.explain

B.serve

C.discover

D.evaluate 9.A.which

B.that

C.actually

D.eagerly 10.A.relative

B.interactive C.bound

D.contacted 11.A.fluently

B.efficiently C.exactly

D.actually 12.A.transmitted B.purchased C.sold

D.13.A.about

B.bound

C.going

D.supposed I4.A.fable

B.model

C.name

D.brand 15.A.supported

B.resided

C.lived

D.launched 16.A.connected B.lodged

C.introduced D.linked 17.A.over

B, away

C.inside

D.beneath 18.A.housed

B.caught

C.hosed

D.bidden 19.A.average

B.normal

C.ordinary

D.equal 20.A.attains

B.detains

C.maintains D.contains IV.Reading Comprehension(20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1

Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break babies.One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children spend on academic activities.Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited.Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes.However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often

result.To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes.Over the next few weeks the teacher could gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd handwriting.When children first learn to form letters, their movements awkward and they lack free motor coordination.The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space.If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated.Once students can form letters

within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students

who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room.The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and tell them to start making paper airplanes.After the students have made several

airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class.To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and

misbehave in the media center.Reading is incompatible with talking.The media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read them while in the center.Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep.The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very

boring.Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students and raise their interest in the course.41.The purpose of this passage is to___ A.inform B.persuade

C.debate

D.narrate 42.Guthrie identified three methods for__ A.educating students

B.altering bad habits C.avoiding undesired action

D.forming good hobbies 43.Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method? A.Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the

child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B.Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young

children and gradually increase session length but not to where students

become frustrated or bored.C.Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is

introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D.A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his

parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.44.To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth.Over time.watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snac 'king.What method is used in this example? A.The threshold method.B.The fatigue method.C.The incompatible response method.D.The punishment method.45.We can draw the conclusion from the passage that A.The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted

response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes

exhausted B.The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a

response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be

performed simultaneously

C.The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde

into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes

a cue for not performing it D.The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child

make response incompatible with unwanted response Passage 2 The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing.Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing wralts.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market.“Nova” is Latin for new(star)“ and means ”star“ in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like ”no va“, meaning ”it doesn't go“.Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning.When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies.3ne American food company's friendly “Jolly Green Giant”(for advertising ,egetables)became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”.No wonder customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good ranslafions--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ff aarketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest.The mail reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique

called “back translation” to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back.Effective translators aim to capture the, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.46.The best title of this passage might be __.A.Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag B.Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations C.Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries D.Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles 47.What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage? A.hesitation B.mistake C.stutter D.default 48.Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? A.Cultural shocks

B.Faulty translations C.Avoid cultural oversights D.Prevent blunders 49.We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “ca ” most probably mean____ A.an animal used in perfume for its smell B.a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals C.a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals D.an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals 50.One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___ A.fire the translators who don't know the target language.B.use the technique called “literal translation” to reduce the possibility of

blunders C.avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes D.explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries Passage 3 It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses.In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down.Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers.It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies wi！be swept out more quickly in hard times;it is the company he worries about.His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of.his company and the industry.so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase.At the very topexecutives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual.Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits.His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields.Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running.But his doctor's admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf eyes.He likes to work.He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search fares,” is a growing industry.America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.51.We can infer from the second paragraph that___

A.promotion depends on amiability

B.chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level

C.it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his

subordinates

D.a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the

industry 52.The term “aerobic exercise”(fa'st line in second last paragraph)is a kind Of

____

A.hallucination exercise

B.physical exercise

C.meditation exercise

D.entertainment 53.From the last paragraph we can gather that ____

A.there are too many aggressive executives

B.individual talent is not essential for a company

C.the job of an “executive search rum” is corporate head-hunting

D.it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial

ranks 54.For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a pl where ________

A.they can conduct their business

B.they can indulge themselves

C.they can cultivate their mind

D.they can exercise as well as socialize 55.What is NOT tree according to the article? A.Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings.B.Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C.All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D.Executives are careful of what they eat.Passage 4 In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together withsome of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society WhiCh.he had four, dod in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech.Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional govemment imposed by the United States that had, in his words, “turned Japan spineless.” Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the general's office and there, before the general's unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the tradifonal samurai ritual of seppuku.After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into his left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword.The aide likewise 'killed himself and was 5eheaded;the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive re,me of General Tojo that was to stage tho attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.That earlier revolt is the one referred to in “Patriotism,” one of Mishima's most powerful stories.Here life and fiction become joined.The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfdlment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Bom of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero's death in accordance with the ancient samurai code;but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building(he became expert at karate and kendo)and, most important, through the discipline writing.In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage.His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask(1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame.Mishima has been called “Japan's Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.56.The article implies that A.Mishima refused to join the army when he was young B.Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writer C.Mishima is a person who'is hard m define D.Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer 57.The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was A.Fo capture the commanding genera!

B.to urge the government to declare a war against America C.to incite the soldiers to rebel against the Constitutional govemment

D.to force the Emperor to give up the throne 58.In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima____ A.was web received by the soldiers B, was laughed at by the soldiers C.impressed the commanding general D, left a deep impression tO the soldiers 59.What IS true according to article? A.The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death.B.The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attemnpt C.Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech.D.one of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers.60.Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ___ A, written “Patriotism”, one of his most powerful stories B.written eighty short stories C.published “A Forest in Flower” D.published “Confession of a Mask” 主观题部分

请用钢笔或圆珠笔将此部分试题的答案做在答题纸二上，否则无效！V.Translation(20 points)Fart A.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss.The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the economy.Buying a commodity or stock in the belief that prices will rise speeds market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers.If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden.Remedial supply action could not be further delayed.Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the SurpluS actually occurs.When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helphng to conserve the present supply.As the price goes up,less of the commodity is purchased;a rise in price encourages users to ecor, om2ze.Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.Part B.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following into EngIish on your ANSWER SHEET.中国已经发层成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国 和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中 获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活 动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一 定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国 和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。VI.Writing(20 points)Directions Write an essay in no less than 250 words with file title “My Understanding of GlobaIization”.Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet.

第四篇：西南财经大学2013年考博真题回顾

参考书籍

英语：没有固定的书，从网上买一些词汇的书、考博真题和模拟的书即可。

管理学：罗珉的《管理学原理》，科学出版社，微观经济学：

1、范里安的《微观经济学》，第六版就可以

2、西南财经大学出版社的《中级微观经济学》，张树民主编，最好把配套的《学习指南》也买了。

计量经济学：庞皓主编的《计量经济学》，科学出版社

专业课：就是卿涛老师出的那本书哈(婷婷师姐知道的)

2013年博士入学考试真题回顾(纯凭记忆哈)

英语：作文是 造成火灾的原因以及解决方法

管理学：

1、虚拟组织及典型的虚拟组织形态

2、六西格玛管理方法（这个不太确定了）

微观经济学：

1、博弈论

2、工资与休闲时间的问题

3、进出口市场平衡的问题 计量经济学：

1、DW检验

2、R2和r2

专业课：雇主品牌、战略管理（别的记得不清的，一共是五道好像是）

第五篇：中国农业科学院考博英语真题2004答案解析

中国农业科学院考博英语真题2004答案解析

Part ⅡVocabulary

1.A 译文：他在这个领域的成就的功劳必须归于他的导师方教授

解析：credit荣誉，功劳；reputation名誉，声望；respect尊敬；praise赞美。2.D 译文：由于我们无法再等我们定的货，所以不得不取消订单。

解析：postpone推迟；refuse拒绝；accept接受；cancel取消。

3.C 译文：年轻人中存在着很高的工作流动性，因为他们今天辞掉这个工作明天就会找一个新的。

解析：固定搭配，quit work 辞职，停止工作；depart离开，出发；reject排斥；quit辞职，放弃；leave离开。

4.C 译文：由于天气恶劣必须放弃寻找失踪的船。

解析：release 释放，发射；resign辞职；abandon 放弃，断念；surrender使投降。5.B 译文：人们开的车可能是为了显示他的身份或社会地位。

解析：curiosity好奇心；status身份，地位；importance重要性；reputation声望。四个选项中与social position是一类词的只有B。

6.A 译文：创造力是指利用现存的资源产生独创与有益的方案、思想和产品。

解析：creativity 创造力；productivity 生产力；application应用；combination组合。7.D 译文：有时艺术家发现让他们的作品赢得大众的欣赏很难。

解析：popular appetite 大众口味，在题目中指的事“赢得大众的喜爱”。Welcome欢迎；

applause喝彩；appetite爱好，喜爱，胃口；appreciation欣赏，感谢。

8.A 译文：面临着项目的失败，投资商将忍受着高达三千万的损失。

解析：in the face of面对„„；in time of„„时期；in the event of如果„„发生；in the course of在„„期间。

9.D 译文：为什么我们有些人擅长数学或写作，而其他人擅长艺术和篮球。

解析：work at 致力于；gaze at凝视；aim at目的在于；excel at擅长，突出。10.A 译文：喷气式飞机快速地升上天空，很快便消失在我们的视线中了。

解析：固定搭配，ascend into升上，升到；launch发射，在句中，若要用launch，则要用被动语态；assess 评价；descend下降。

11.C 译文：长城是一个很好的观光胜地，每年吸引着全球各地无数的人来观光。

解析：tourist attraction观光胜地。

12.B 译文：现在残疾人能够关注他们的很多需求，上学和维持工作。

解析：pursue education 追求教育，上学。

13.A 译文：当他知道他发现了一个真正的真品时，汤姆难以掩饰自己的兴奋。

解析：conceal掩饰，掩藏；reveal展现；show显示；discover暴露。

14.B 译文：男女之间，贫富之间的目标和欲望大相径庭。

解析：vary widely大不相同，大相径庭；swing摇摆，转向；distinguish区分，辨别；

transfer转让。

15.D 译文：当地官方似乎要为上周发生的事故负责。

解析：to blame该受责备，承担责任。

16.C 译文：世贸中心遭遇的袭击给那些目睹爆炸场面的人留下了持久的印象。

解析：固定搭配，leave a lasting impression 留下持久的印象，深刻的印象。17.B 译文：计算机科技的全面影响在接下来的几年将会让人们感受到。

解析：固定短语考察，full impact 全面影响。18.C 译文：自动化的出现必然会带来重大的社会影响。

解析：固定短语，be bound to 必然，一定会；frightful 可怕的；compelled 强迫的。19.A 译文：通过和平手段实现统一是我们的一贯政策。

解析：固定搭配，consistent policy一贯的政策；considerate体贴的；certain确定的；decisive果断的。

20.D 译文：调查显示相当多数量的十五岁的孩子每周要吸二十根烟。

解析：substantial numbers of相当数量的，很多很多的。21.C 译文：化学与其他科目如物理生物等有着紧密的联系。

解析：correspond with 符合，一致；be concerned with涉及到；be correlated with与„相互关联或联系；cooperate with与某人合作。

22.A 译文：事故发生的几分钟内警察就对紧急情况做出了反应。

解析：respond to做出回应、反应； reply to回答，回复；adjust to 适应于；appeal to 呼吁，上诉。

23.C 译文：对热带雨林的破坏被谴责为环境的灾难。

解析：blame责备；declare声明、宣称，be declared as声明为或称为„；condemn谴责；appeal呼吁，请求。

24.B 译文：害羞的人绝不会自发地去吸引别人的注意。

解析：willingly欣然地，乐意地；voluntarily 自愿地，自发地；decidedly断然地；deliberately故意地，有意地。

25.A 译文：最近的生产障碍导致销售下滑，因而利润也下降了。

解析：decline下滑，下降；increase增加，上涨；break破坏；maintain维持。

26.B 译文：参加世界常务委员会发起的演讲的人数增加了，这让广大人民开始关注国际事务了。

解析：develop开发；sponsor赞助，发起；advance使前进；promote促进。27.D 译文：还不是晚，但得采取及时的行动。

解析：right对的，恰当的；urgent紧急的；hurry匆忙，仓促；prompt迅速的，及时的。28.B 译文：他渴望支配其他人，这给他的家庭带来了麻烦。

解析：please取悦；dominate支配，控制；force强迫，强加；urge催促，力劝。29.C 译文：有关人士想将得癌症的危险减到最小

解析：take the risk of 冒着危险；decrease减少；minimize the risk将风险减到最低；

claimed声称，宣称。

30.A 译文：受伤严重的士兵没有优先治疗那些轻微的伤。

解析：take priority over 优先于„；表示不优先于over后面的内容，而是take前面的内容要优先于over 后的内容。

31.D 译文：仍然不是很清楚到底是什么引起了他们之间的一系列争论。

解析：contribute贡献，出力；mark标志；ignite 点燃，燃烧；trigger引发，引起。32.B 译文：为了现在的生存和将来的繁荣兴旺，所有的工作人员必须不断地为你的公司的每一个方面创造出新的思想。

解析：maximize最大化；thrive繁荣，兴旺；measure 估量，测量；remain保持，依然。

33.D 译文：人类可能会破坏自然平衡，但有时，自然也会进行可怕的报复。

解析：take a revenge报复，复仇。

34.A 译文：她将高失业率作为政府政策失败的证据。

解析：cite„as„将„作为„；cite 引用，引证；recite背诵；list列出；lift举起。35.C 译文：自从日本开始重视教育和科技创新后，它的经济就有了高速发展。

解析：attach importance to重视，着重于。

36.C 译文：这个政策为私人产业让路，导致了贫富之间的差距。

解析：give way to让路于，屈服于，让步；give birth to生孩子，产生.37.C 译文：人类不应该以生态环境为代价发展经济。

解析：at the expense of 以„为代价；at the mercy of 任凭，受支配。38.D 译文： 我们应该为我的的孩子和孙子保持最好的道德观念。

解析： replace代替；remain留下，保持，一般为不及物动词，后面不接宾语；generate 发生，产生；preserve保存，保留。

39.A 译文：合适的穿衣在生意上关系重大，这就是为什么大多数生意人都穿得很正式的原因。

解析：count for价值；count for much关系重大；account for解释，说明；allow for顾及，考虑； care for照顾，关心

40.A 译文：他在车祸中伤得很严重，而这场车祸的产生要归于踩错了刹车。

解析：be attributed to归因于；contribute to有助于，贡献；be to blame该受责备，承担责任；be applied to 应用到„。

Part ⅢReading Comprehension Passage 1 41.答案D

解析：文章第一段就说明了，在以前秘书都是男性，因为人们认为女性在办公室的出现会影响其他员工的工作。42.答案C 解析：由第四段可以得到答案。43.答案B 解析：John Bowman得到这份秘书工作是因为“He was the only applicant”。44.答案A 解析：参看文章倒数第四段最后一句话。45.答案A 解析：作者在文章最后一句话中指出，女性也将能胜任男性所从事的这项工作。

Passage 2 46.答案C 解析：文章介绍的就是商业竞争的四种基本形式。47.答案D 解析：由文章第二段容易得到答案。48.答案A 解析：第四段中“tolerated”的意思是“允许”，所以答案为A。49.答案 A 解析：作者的意思是，虽然也会出现顾客受益的价格战，但所有的公司联合起来提高价格也是很常见的。50.答案B 解析：“serious competition„it would„in the group．”这句话中的“it”显然指代前面的“serious competition”。

Passage 3 51.答案D 解析：第一段中作者介绍Rogers是一个拼命工作并对员工要求苛刻的老板，作者以最快的速度的离开了那个家公司。可见作者不喜欢在Rogers手下那份工作。52.答案C 解析：从第二段的前两句话可以得到答案。53.答案A 解析：答案显然是A。54.答案 C 解析：作者以为那个人是Rogers，即他曾经的老板。55.答案D 解析：很显然，根据作者的前同事所了解的情况，他认为那个人很可能就是Rogers。

Passage 4 56.答案 C 解析：在第三段中作者表示：“I was going to be a complete engineer：technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one．”作者选择艺术类院校读书正是因为他想成为一个把工程技术和人文科学完美结合的优秀人才。57.答案 A 解析：“I wanted to open my eyes„Science or engineering．”作者认为同学艺术的人交往可以开阔视野，增长见识。58.答案B 解析：在作者看来，一个成功的工程类学生应该不仅应该具有技术才能，更需要有广阔的视野。

59.答案 D 解析：故事的最后，作者的美好理想在现实中破灭。所以他的理想固然是好，但却是不切实际的。60.答案 B 解析：结合上下文，很显然这个“they”是指代前一句话中的“engineering and the liberal arts”。

Passage 5 61.答案C 解析：C最全面的概括了全文的主题。62.答案D 解析：第一段中作者已经定义了slang：“refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority”。63.答案A 解析：“but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity．”这句话的意思是有些俚语只流行一时，随后就会消失。“obscurity”在这里是“消隐，隐退”的意思。

64.答案 D 解析：D 在文章第三段介绍俚语产生的三个条件之中，并没有大量的语言学家这一条件。

65.答案C 解析：从最后一段可以看出来作者是赞成在合适的场合使用slang和Colloquial speech的。

Passage 6 66.答案 A 解析：A项的意思是“一个人口袋里存不住钱”，当然与原文不符；B选项的意思是“钱不会长在树上”，C选项意思是“钱要好好地花”，D选项意思是“钱能生钱”都与原文意思一致。

67.答案 C 解析：由第三段可以得到答案。68.答案A 解析：文章第四段讲述的就是Awareness of their identity，从“But case histories repeatedly show that a sense of community is essential for long-term survival．”这句话可以得到答案。69.答案 D 解析：A、B、C都是W．R．Grace曾经或正在经营的项目，文章说W．R．Grace曾经创立航空公司，但并非经营飞机。

70.答案 B 解析：文章倒数第二段讲述的就是跨国公司的生存之道，段落最后一句话“Multinationals must be willing to change in order to succeed．”就是这段内容的一个小结，意思是跨国公司要想成功就必须学会变通。

Part ⅣWriting

On College Admission

It is a hot topic in recent years whether to offer college admission to every high school graduate or to select excellent students by means of examinations.In my opinion, the answer to this argument depends on the purpose of college education.College is a special place in which students are trained to enrich their knowledge and develop the ability to reason and explore the world.Though it cannot be denied that college students should also learn to adapt themselves into the real society, mastering academic skills is still their chief task, for knowledge is the basis of the work we would take in the future.Since students will learn much more difficult knowledge in college, not every high school graduate could digest and assimilate what would be taught in college classes, not to mention putting these theories into practical application.Thus, my standpoint is that admission to college should be offered by examinations because educationists have still failed to devise anything more efficient and reliable than examinations and the methods of testing a person's knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were.Here examination is not just examination itself, it could reveal a person's comprehensive capacities as well.Generally speaking, students getting high marks are also those with outstanding traits.However, I am not intending to put too much emphasis on examinations.College is at a unique stage of connecting school and society and examination is not the only way to prepare our students for the future.But in most cases, we have to admit that examination is indeed an effective and useful method of selecting persons with excellent abilities.