2000年6月大学英语四级试题 4翻译 及注释

第一篇：2000年6月大学英语四级试题 4翻译 及注释

2000年6月大学英语四级翻译题 2000年6月大学英语四级翻译题

Part IVTranslation(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, there are four items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one

or two sentences.These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passage you have just read in Part Three of Test Paper One.You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation.You should refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.71.(Lines 1-2, Para.1, Passage 1)

Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing(裁判)decisions that denied victory to their team.A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

72.(Lines 1-2, Para.6, Passage 2)

But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

73.(Lines 5-6, Para.2, Passage 3)

What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or waiter to lose professional identity(身份)than to step out of uniform?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

74.(Lines 3-4, Para.2, Passage 4)

Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】

71.[译文] 1998年世界杯赛后很久，失望的球迷仍在诅咒那些导致他们队失败的有争议的裁决，他们指派了一位调查员去调查一些优秀的裁判员的表现。

【注释】

在本句中，注意短语the disputed refereeing decisions 的翻译，定语从句that denied victory to their team 的翻译，和top一词的翻译。

72.[译文] 但是，对许多人来说，穷人在没有政府援助的情况下能生活得很好，就和在政府援助下一样好，这就是一大胜利。

【注释】

在本句中，应注意 “many”一词的翻译，以及较长的主语从句 “the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it”的翻译。

73.[译文] 对于护士、警察、理发师和侍者来说，还有什么比脱去制服更容易失去职业身份呢？

【注释】

本句中，要注意 “What easier way is there…?”句型的翻译。

74.[译文] 社会支持包括以人际关系纽带为基础的人们之间的资源交换。

【注释】

本句中，应该注意词组“consist of”的翻译，和定语 “based on their interpersonal ties”的翻译。

第二篇：大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案

大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案

Test 1 1.The soldier_______________________________(被指控逃跑)when the enemy attacked.2.Had he worked harder, ____________________________________(他就会通过考试).3.In the U.S., 88% of smokers had started before they were 18, _____________________ ______________________(尽管他们知道贩卖香烟是违法的)to anyone under that age.4.Ann never dreams of _________________________________(有机会把她送出国)very soon.5._______________________________(考虑到所有的情况), the planned trip will have to be called off.Test 2 1.Americans eat _____________________________(两倍的蛋白质)they actually need every day.2.What he said just now ___________________________________(与正在讨论的问题没什么关系).3.Floods cause ___________________________________(上亿美元的财产损失)annually.4.Many personnel manager say it is getting harder and harder to________________________ ______________________________（区分诚实的和不诚实的求职者）.5.We agreed to accept _______________________________________(任何一个他们认为是最好的导游).Test 3 1._______________________________(直到天黑她才发现)it was too late to go home.2.It is essential that _________________________________(这些申请表被送回)as early as possible.3.It is important that the hotel receptionist ______________________________________ _______________(确信客人们已经正确的登记).4.In recent years ________________________________________________________(工作重点大多被放置在)developing the students’ productive skills.5.The president promised to keep all the board members informed of _________________ _________________________(协商进行得怎样了).Test 4 1.Eating too much fat can __________________________________(导致心脏病和高血压).2.Not until the game had begun ___________________________________(他到达运动场).3.Sometimes children have trouble ___________________________________(把现实和小说故事分开)and may believe that such things actually exist.1 4.The mother didn’t know ___________________________________(谁应该因打破玻璃而受责备).5.The leader of the expedition___________________________________(鼓励每个人都以他为榜样).Test 5 1.Reading between the lines, I would say that the Government ______________________ _________________________(与其说允许不如说有更多的担心).2.Their products are frequently _________________________________(价格高质量次).3.To our relief, Geoffrey's illness proved _________________________________(没有我们担心的那样严重).4.____________________________________________(她把所有的精力都放在孩子们身上)and she seems to have little time for anything else.5.The careless man received a ticket for speeding.He ____________________________(不必开车开得那么快).Test 6 1.If I had worked harder at school, I ______________________________________(可能正坐在舒适的办公室里).2.The shop assistant was dismissed as _____________________________________(她被指控欺骗顾客).3.The police are trying to ________________________________________(查明那位女士的身份)killed in the traffic accident.4.Owing to ___________________________________________(航空公司之间的激烈竞争), travel expenses have been reduced considerably.5.Color and sex are not relevant _________________________________________(一个人是否适合这份工作).Test 7 1.But for the storm, the ship _________________________________________(可能会准时到达目的地).2.We can accept your order on condition that __________________________________(提前支付).3.In India more than one hundred languages are spoken, _____________________________ _______________________________(其中只有14种被认定是官方语言).4.It is too early to say whether IBM’s competitors will be able to _______________________ ___________________________(他们的产品适应于新的软件)at an affordable cost.5.When I go out in the evening ___________________________________(我宁愿骑自行车而不开车)if I can.Test 8 1.In order to ____________________________________(为人们提供便利), the department is planning to set up some mobile shops in the residential area.2.A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms ___________________________ _____________(可能较少染上吸烟的习惯).3.His business was very successful, but it was ______________________________________ _____________(以牺牲他的家庭生活为代价的).4.Only__________________________________________(那些能够承担经济损失的人)should make high-risk investments.5.It is obvious that this new rule __________________________________________(绝无例外的适应于任何人).Test 9 Companies _________________________________________________(正致力于寻求供求平衡), but it is no easy task.John cannot afford to go to university, __________________________(更不用说是出国).Dr.Smith __________________________________________(总是关心贫穷的和患病的人们), often providing them with free medical care.After working all day, he _____________________________________(太累而没有心情)go to the party with us.An important factor______________________________________(决定你考试的表现)is the state of your mind.Test 10 1._________________________________(通过体育锻炼), we can always stay healthy.2.We wish to convey to you _______________________________(我们衷心的祝贺).3.In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to ___________________________（像我一样享受乘坐公车的乐趣）.4.________________________________（我们确定搞两个开放）：namely, to open up both externally and internally.5.A dog has won a German government award ________________（因协助警方劝阻一名妇女自杀）.Test 11 1.2.3.4.（这个计划成功的关键）________________________________is good planning.I suggested he _____________________________（使自己适应）his new conditions.I don’t mind you_______________(延期做出决定)the decision as long as it is not too late.Because of advances in the medical technology, heart surgery is not ______________________________(像以前那么危险).5.____________________(你说的我大部分同意),but I can not go all the way with you.Test 12 1.It is recommended that ____________________(工程不动工)until all preparations have been made.2.According to the scientific research , _____________(听音乐能使我们放松).Is this really true? 3.__________________(无论从哪一方面考虑)，they ought to be given another chance.4.By practicing these, I have been able to _______________________________(在智育方面我一直能不断进步）.5.______________________（不用说）that he’s been there before.Test 13 1.2.3.4.5.They knew her very well.___________________________(他们看着她长大).______________________(而不是让蔬菜烂掉),he sold them at half price._______________________(我们绝对不能)ignore the value of knowledge.________________________(随着时间的流逝),.they forgot their bitter sufferings.According to a recent survey, four million people ____________________（死于与吸烟有关的疾病）each year.Test 14 1.__________________（真想不到）that he had done a thing like that.2._________________（这栋房子需要现代化）：it has no bathroom or electricity.3.The ship ' s generator broke down and the pumps____________________（不得不用手工操作）instead of mechanically.4.If you won't agree to our plan,_____________________（他们也不会同意）.5.But for his help, I___________________(不可能这么早完成).Test 15 1.Only one week later, Mr.Smith came to realize ___________________________(不是我就是他错了).2.If tap water was as dangerous as some people think, ____________________________(那我们中更多人将得病).3.______________________(这个陌生人占这位年轻姑娘的便宜)and cheated her out of five dollars.4.As is known to all, _________________(假冒伪劣商品)harm the interests of consumers.5.We must _______________(使自己适应)the demands of our times;otherwise we'll fall behind the other industrialized nations of the world.Test 16 1.2.3.4.________________________（没有一项发明获得如此多的表扬和批评）than Internet.Premier Zhou ____________________________（一心想着人民的利益）.__________________________（飞机什么时候起飞）has not been announced.The price of beer______________________(从50美分到4美元不等)per liter during the summer season..5.His remarks left me ____________________________（想知道他的真实目的）.Test 17 1.2.3.4.5.She never dreams of ___________________(被派到国外).When the World War Two was over, Britain __________________(释放了大部分的战俘)._______________________(考虑到所有问题),the planned trip will have to be called off.______________________(事实既然如此),there are no grounds to justify your complaints.Faced with failure, some people can stand up to it, _____________(从失败中汲取教训)and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do.Test 18 1.The number of the students in the city has ___________________(增加了五倍)in comparison with 2001.2.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize ______________（教育不能随着毕业而结束）.3.___________________（她非常不情愿地）that she agreed to help.4.His idea is _______________________（应该立即执行计划）

5.I prefer to communicate with my customers ________________________（通过写电子邮件而不是打电话）

Test 19 1.If you had_____________________（听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦）2.This leaflet tells you _______________________(怎么在旅行期间防止生病).3.When I refused to move my car, he ______________________(勃然大怒)and threatened to call the police.4.The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds on which ______________________(来 支撑他的观点).5.We ______________________(已投入所有的时间和精力)in this plan, and we don’t want it to fail.Test 20 1.2.3.4.Everyone has his inherent ability ,________________(只是很容易被习惯所掩盖).________________________(他们没有去游泳)，they went to play football that day.I replied to her that __________________________（我将会接受她的邀请）.______________________（随着工商业的发展）,the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduced.5.After the terrorist attack, tourists __________________（被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）.Test 21 1.Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not________________（失去联系）the outside world.2.I have had great deal of trouble_________________________（跟得上班上的其他同学）.3.We should recognize that every company and every person is______________________(顾客和供应者漫长链条的一部分).4.My brother was very ill, so _______________________(我只得把医生请来)in the middle of the night.5.This book ________________________(条理不清),Some parts are even contradictory.Test 22 1.Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I__________________(本来不必从银行借钱).2.The importance of traffic safety , ______________________(无论如何强调都不为过).3.There is no doubt that _________________________(需求的增长导致了价格的上涨).4.She was angry with her husband ,so _____________（她不理不睬）when he spoke to her..5.Travel can widen our knowledge, ________________（扩大我们的眼界）,and make one open-minded as well.Test 23 1.（他把自己奉献于社区工作）___________________ and is passionate about what he is doing.2.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,__________________（正在研制）and perfected now.3.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________（习惯了学生迟到）his lecture.4.I’d rather________________(你别发表任何意见)on the issue for the time being.5.Don’t you know it’s the first time _____________________(他参加这种会议).Test 24 1.Unlike photocopies of books, the digital copies are _____________________(几乎和原件质量一模一样).2.We are a competitive company looking for creative people willing to work __________(尽其所能).3.In my opinion , ____________________________(打电动玩具既浪费时间也有害健康).4.He cannot win a good reputation，_________________________(因为他多嘴多舌).5.How could we get news in our own society or abroad ______________（没有报纸的话）? Test 25 1.Cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities, _______________（这已经对环境造成了严重的污染）.2.Man should not exploit the natural resources _______________（以牺牲其他物种为代价）.3.How close parents are to their children______________________（有很强的影响）the character of the children.4.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives__________________（起着不可缺少的作用）in raising children.5.He always dreams of _________________(有个机会)for him to bring into full play his potential.Test 26 1.You should _______________(留心任何一点变化)in the patient while the doctor is away.2.The snow ______________________(已持续下了几个小时)and the ground is completely covered.3.I have no objection_______________________(再听听你的故事).4.There is no doubt that __________________________(近视是一个很严重的问题)among the youth of our country.5.We have reasons to believe that, _______________(一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们).Test 27 1.The latest census shows that China’s population ______________（已超过10亿）2.Modernization will be entirely possible in the first half of the 21st century, as long as we ________________（坚持认为）that economic development is the center of all our work.3.When Sandy recovered from cancer, her doctor ___________________________（把此归因于她对未来的信念）.4.The room is in a terrible mess;it _____________________（肯定没打扫过）

5.Mark often___________________（试图逃脱罚款）whenever he breaks traffic regulations.Test 28 1.2.3.4.5.We had to start at exactly the same time,___________________(所以我们必须核准手表)._________________________(他是否是工作的合适人选)is still a controversial issue.Fertilizer are used primary to enrich the soil and _______________________(提高产量).Sorry I didn’t realize ______________________(这是个如此敏感的问题).According to my personal experience , ___________________(微笑已带给我许多好处).Test 29 1.There are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society，______________(但是只有那些做好充分准备并且高度称职的人)can make use of them to achieve purpose.2.We have had ten recorders ,but we still need ________________（需要这么多）as again.3.He was convinced on the basis of _______________________（当时已出现的情况）that there would be a long and difficult struggle.4.At the end of his speech, the school master encouraged the children to work hard ______________________（不要让父母失望）.5.With tears on her face, the lady ____________________________（看着他受伤的儿子被送进手术室）.Test 30 1.When I __________________（发现他骗我）I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.2.He has just arrived, but he talks____________________(似乎什么都知道了).3.In previous times, _____________________(当鲜肉供应不足时), pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.4.American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public through ______________________(电视传输)from the United States.5.If this can’t be settled reasonably ,it may be necessary to _________________(诉诸武力).参考答案： Test 1

1.was accused of running away

2.he would have got through the exams 3.despite the fact that it is illegal to sell cigarettes 4.there being a chance for her to be sent abroad 5.All things considered

3.find out the identity of the woman 4.fierce competition among the airlines 5.whether a person is suitable for the job

Test 7

1.would have reached its destination on

time

2.payment is made in advance

3.of which only fourteen are recognized as

official

4.adapt their products to the new hardware 5.I use the bike rather than the car Test 2 1.twice as much protein as 2.had little to do with the question under discussion 3.billions of dollars worth of property damage 4.distinguish honest applicant and dishonest ones 5.whoever they thought was the best tourist guide

Test 8

1.make things convenient for the people 2.are less likely to pick up the habit of

smoking

3.at the expense of his family life

4.those who can afford to lose their money 5.is applicable to everyone without

exception Test 3 1.It was not until dark that she realized 2.these application forms be sent back 3.make sure that guests are registered correctly 4.much more emphasis has been put on 5.how the negotiations were going on

Test 9

1.are struggling to find the right balance

between supply and demand 2.not to speak of going abroad

3.was always concerned about the poor and

the sick

4.was so tired that he was in no mood to 5.in determining how well you perform in

an examination Test 4 1.contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure 2.did he arrive at the sports ground 3.separating fact from fiction 4.who to blame for the broken glass 5.inspired everyone to follow his example Test 5 1.are more worried than they will admit 2.overpriced and inferior in quality 3.not to be as serious as we had feared 4.All her energies are focused upon her children 5.shouldn’t have driven so fast

Test 10

1.2.3.4.By taking exercises

our hearty congratulations enjoy the bus ride like me

We have decided on an open policy in two respects

5.for helping police persuade a woman not

to commit suicide Test 6 1.would be sitting in a comfortable office now 2.she was accused of cheating customers

Test 11

1.The key to the success of this project 2.should adapt himself to 3.delaying making 4.not as dangerous as it formerly was 5.Much of what you say I agree with

5.wondering about his real purpose

Test 17

1.2.3.4.5.being sent abroad

sets free most of war prisoners All things considered Such being the case draw useful lessons from it Test 12 1.the project not be started

2.listening to music enables us to feel relaxed 3.Taking everything into consideration 4.make constant progress in intellectual education 5.It’s needless to say

Test 18

1.increased 6 times

2.that education is not complete with

graduation

3.It was very reluctantly

4.that the plan should be carried out

immediately

5.via E-mail instead of telephone Test 13 1.They had seen her grow up from childhood

2.Rather than allow the vegetable to go bad

3.On no account can we 4.With the passage of time 5.die of diseases linked to smoking

Test 19

1.followed my advice, you would not be in

trouble now.2.how to avoid getting ill while traveling 3.flew into a rage 4.to base his arguments

5.have invested all our time and effort Test 14 1.2.3.4.5.It was unexpected When the plane is to take off had to be operated manually neither will they would not have finished so early

Test 20

1.2.3.4.which is easily concealed by habits Instead of going swimming I would accept her invitation

With industries and business developing quickly

5.were advised not to travel to that country

at the moment Test 15 1.realize either I or he was wrong

2.a lot more of us would be getting sick 3.The stranger took advantage of the young girl

4.fake and inferior commodities 5.adapt ourselves to

Test 21

1.lose contact with

2.keeping up with the rest of the class.3.part of a long chain of customers and

suppliers

4.I had to call the doctor

5.does not have an integrated structure Test 16 1.No invention has received more praise and abuse 2.has always had the interests of the people at heart 3.When the plane is to take off 4.ranges/varies from 50 cents to $4

Test 22 1.needn’t have borrowed it from the bank 2.can't be overemphasized / can't be emphasized too much 3.the increase in demand resulted in /caused the rise in prices 4.she ignored him 5.broaden our horizon

the idea

3.attributed it to her firm belief in the

future

4.can't have been cleaned

5.attempts to escape being fined

Test 28

1.so we had our watches checked

2.Whether he is the right person for the

job

3.to increase yield

4.it was such a sensitive issue 5.smile has done me a lot of good Test 23 1.2.3.4.5.he devoted himself to the community are being developed to students’ being late for

you didn’t make any comment

he has attended this kind of meeting

Test 29

1.but only those who are prepared

adequately and qualified highly 2.as many

3.what had appeared by then 4.and not to let their parents down

5.watched her injured son sent into the

operation room.Test 24 1.are virtually identical in quality to the original

2.to the best of their ability

3.playing video games not only takes much time but also does harm to health 4.because he has a loose tongue 5.without newspaper

Test 30

1.caught /found him cheating me 2.as if he knows about that

3.when fresh meat was in short supply 4.through televised transmissions 5.resort to force Test 25 1.which has seriously polluted the environment 2.at the cost of sacrificing/loss of other species_ 3.has a strong influence on/effect on 4.play indispensable roles 5.there being a chance

Test 26 1.2.3.4.5.keep an eye on the slightest changes has been steadily falling for hours to hearing your story again near-sightedness is a serious problem we would have a better and brighter future Test 27 1.has exceeded one billion 2.hold an idea/ insist on the idea/ stick to

第三篇：2016大学英语四级 翻译练习

世界贸易组织成立于1995年1月1日，目的是确保一个稳定的全球和贸易经济环境。在当今世界上的190多个国家中，世界贸易组织的成员国(member country)有158个。在处理国家之间的贸易规则方面，世界贸易组织是唯一的全球性国际组织。世贸组织的事务应该引起我们的关注，因为世贸组织制定的规则对我们国家的经济和国民生活都有一定的影响。The WTO(World Trade Organization),established on January 1, 1995, aims to ensure a stable trade and economic world environment.The WTO is an association of 158 member countries, of more than 190 countries in the world today.The WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.The business of the WTO should be of interest to us because the rules that are being decided therein have an impact on our national economy, and peoples lives.2 奥运会是国际性的体育盛会(sporting events)，体育项目种类繁多，分为夏冬两季，均是每4年举办一次。最初有记载的奥运会于公元前776年在希腊的奥林匹亚(Olympia)举行。奥运会是最大的媒体活动之一。2000年悉尼奥运会上，有超过1.6万名播音员和新闻记者参与报道。据估计，有38亿观众通过电视收看了此届盛会。然而，奥运会的发展也是奥运会面临的一个大问题。

The Olympic Games are an international multisport event subdivided into summer and winter sporting events.The summer and winter games are each held every four years.The original Olympic Games were first recorded in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece.The Olympics are one of the largest media events.In Sydney in 2000 there were more than 16 000 broadcasters and journalists, and an estimated 3.8 billion viewers watched the games on television.However, the development of the Olympics is one of the largest problems the Olympics face today.3 《三国演义》由罗贯中创作于14世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说。小说以汉朝末年和三国时期的历史演变为背景，叙述了在这个动荡(turbulent)时期发生的一系列重大事情。整个故事情节从公元168年开始一直到公元280年领土统一(reunification)时结束。小说篇幅长达80万字，分为120个章节，共描述了1 191个人物角色，堪称中国文学史上四大经典小说之一。

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era, starting in AD 168 and ending with the reunification of the land in AD 280.It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, with a grand total of 800 000 words, 1 191 characters, and 120 chapters.4 秧歌舞(Yangko)是中国汉族的一种传统民间舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装(costume)，他们的表演动作有力而迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣(gong)鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上观看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同时他们也乐在其中。The Yangko dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northern provinces.Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and their movements are vigorous and quick.During holidays such as lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongs they swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter how cold it is outside.In recent years, elderly people in some cities in Northeast China have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers mostly enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.5 中国人喜欢在一起吃饭，这个传统可以追溯到很久之前。这反映出中国人喜欢团圆、不愿分离的观念——圆桌、圆盘、圆碗都象征着团圆和美满。盘子通常放在桌子的中央,这样坐在桌子面前的所有人都可以吃得到。一锅热汤尤其可以增加和谐、团圆的气氛。朋友们也喜欢在一起吃饭、生活。最近一位美国汉学家(Sinologist)的著作认为，中国人的集体观念(collective tradition)就是从一同吃饭发展而来的。

Chinese like to eat together, which is a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago.It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division—round tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection.Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them.A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union.Friends also like to eat and live together.A recent book by an American Sinologist held that the Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together.6 川剧(Sichuan Opera)就像四川火锅以及其他的名菜一样动人、丰富。变脸(Face Changing)是川剧中的一大亮点。据说古人在他们的脸上作画，[JP2]以便赶走野生动物。川剧吸收了这一古老的技艺并将其升华为一门艺术。变脸是一门神奇的艺术。演员在不到20秒的时间内要换十多次脸谱。通过举手、摆袖或摇头，演员使用不同的脸谱来表现不同的情绪，并通过看得见摸得着的脸谱表达出看不见摸不着的感情。

Sichuan Opera(Chuan Ju), like hotpot and other famous Sichuan dishes, is exciting and rich.Face Changing is the highlight of Sichuan Opera.It is said that ancient people painted their faces to drive away wild animals.Sichuan Opera absorbs this ancient skill and perfects it into an art.Face Changing is a magical art.Actors change more than 10 masks in less than 20 seconds.By raising the hand, swinging a sleeve or tossing the head, an actor uses different masks to show different emotions, expressing invisible and intangible feelings through visible and tangible masks.7 长城作为世界上最伟大的奇观之一，是古代中国在不同时期为抵御北方游牧民族（nomadic tribe）侵袭而修筑的规模浩大的军事工程的统称。如同巨龙一般，长城自东向西绵延8 800多公里。距今已有2 000多年历史的万里长城很多地方已经变成了废墟，但是它仍然是世界上最具吸引力的地方。1987年，长城被联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）列为世界文化遗产。The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders in the world, is the general name of a series of largescale military constructions during different periods in ancient China, hoped for the defense against the invasion of nomadic tribes from the north.Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall stretches over 8 800 kilometers from east to west of China.With a history of more than 2 000 years, many sections of the Great Wall have been in ruins now.However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world.In 1987, the Great Wall was listed as a World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.8 光棍节，又称“双十一”，最初是由大学生发起的单身人士的情人节，现在已经从最初的庆祝单身变成了中国人的一个网购狂欢节。过去六年里，中国的电商（ecommerce）巨头们开始利用这一商机，通过打折促销吸引顾客，提高销售收入。天猫(Tmall.com)双十一一天的销售额从2009年的5 000万飙升至2013年的350亿。邮政部门（the State Post Bureau）表示由于准备充分，尽管订单增加，快递业务仍然运行正常。

Singles Day, also named the Double 11 Day, which originated with college students as an alternative to Valentines Day for single people, now has transformed its original function as a day of celebration for the great unloved into a day of crazy online shopping for the Chinese people.Over the past six years, Singles Day has been taken advantage of by Chinese ecommerce giants by offering discounts and launching sales campaigns on that day to attract customers and boost sales income.Sales at Tmall.com on Singles Day have snowballed from 50 million yuan in 2009 to 35 billion yuan in 2013.The State Post Bureau said that thanks to adequate preparation, express deliveries were running on schedule despite the increase in orders.9 对于中国人来说，“面子”十分重要，它指的是一个人根源于自尊的名誉观。大部分中国人都认为，有面子是最重要的事情之一，丢面子则会带来巨大的痛苦。因此，人们必须了解并遵守面子规则，如果违反就会受到严厉的惩罚。然而，有时候一个人丢面子不仅仅是因为他们的行为不符合社会的要求，还可能是由于别人的行为没有符合他个人的期待。

Face is immensely important for the Chinese.It can be defined as a notion of ones reputation rooted in selfesteem.Most of the Chinese people believe that to have face is one of the most valued things, while to lose face is a cause of great anguish.Thus, people are expected to know and abide by the rules of face and are penalized harshly if they break them.However, sometimes a person could lose face not only because of his failure to match up to societys obligations on him, but also from the failure of others to act in accordance with his expectations of them.武术在我国源远流长，是中国传统文化的瑰宝(gem)。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界的其他地方而成为人类的共同财富。为了更好地推广武术，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联(the Chinese Wushu Association and the International Wushu Federation)做了艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术已被列为一种与保龄球(bowling)和国际标准舞(international standard dance)有同等地位的奥运表演项目。

With a long history in China, wushu is a gem of Chinese traditional culture.As we all know, the excellent cultural heritage of a nation doesnt belong to the nation alone but will be spread to the rest of the world gradually to be shared by all humanity.The Chinese Wushu Association and the International Wushu Federation have been working very hard to popularize wushu and move it closer to the Olympic events.Now, wushu has been accepted as an Olympic demonstration event with the same status as bowling and international standard dance.11 旗袍(Qipao)是中国独特的传统服饰。旗袍原本是满族(Manchu)妇女的服装，穿在身上非常宽松，直上直下，中间没有腰线。后来一些汉族的女性对这种服饰进行了改造，使它更加合身、性感。20世纪20年代，旗袍在上海的女学生中变得非常流行。旗袍一般是由丝绸制成，领口、袖口和腋襟上都绣有精细的花边。旗袍体现了中国女性的端庄、温柔和美丽。

Qipao is a unique kind of traditional Chinese attire.Originally worn by Manchu women, Qipao fitted loosely and hung straight down the body with no waistlines.And then some Han Chinese ladies carried out some improvements on the design, making it more fitting and sexier.When it came to the 1920s, Qipao became very popular among the girl students in Shanghai.Qipao is usually made of silk, and embroidered with delicate laces at the neckline, cuffs and edges.Qipao embodies Chinese womens modesty, softness and beauty.中国石窟(grotto)主要反映的是佛教文化艺术。敦煌莫高窟、大同云冈石窟、洛阳龙门石窟、天水麦积山石窟，号称中国四大石窟艺术景观。佛教石窟随山雕凿、彩绘，形象生动自然，将崇高美(sublimity)与世俗情(secular feeling)融为一体，把天然造化与人工创造有机结合，是由建筑、绘画、雕塑等组成的博大精深、绚丽夺目的综合艺术殿堂。其艺术成就为世界所瞩目，已成为重要的世界文化遗产。

Chinese grottoes mainly reflect the art of Buddhist culture.In China, there are four major art landscapes of grottoes: the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang, the Yungang Grottoes at Datong, the Longmen Grottoes at Luoyang, and the Maijishan Grottoes at Tianshui.Carved and painted on mountains, the Buddhist grottoes mingle both sublimity and secular feelings together, presenting us a vivid and natural appearance.They embody the systematic combination of both the exceptional artistry of great nature and the extremely fine craftsmanship of mankind.The Chinese Buddhist grottoes are regarded as a profound and stunning general art gallery, displaying the art of architecture, painting, sculptures and etc.The artistic achievements of Chinese grottoes have attracted the attention of the world, and have become an important international cultural heritage.13 中国古典文学包括诗歌、散文、小说及词(ci)、赋(fu)、曲(qu)等多种文体，艺术表现手法丰富各异。小说历史悠久，并在明清时期达到巅峰。小说中的《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》被称为中国四大古典文学名著，至今在国内外都有着广泛而深远的影响。研读四大名著能够了解中国传统人文社会、民俗，是汲取古代文明精粹、处世为人策略与智慧的重要途径。

Chinese classical literature includes poetry, prose, fiction, and ci(new lyrics written to preexisting tunes), fu(“descriptive poems” of prosepoetry), qu(a freer form based on the new popular songs and dramatic arias), and many other styles.Its artistic expressions are various in techniques.Chinese fiction has a long history, reaching its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Four classics of Chinese literature are Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Pilgrimage to the West, and A Dream of Red Mansions, which have extensive and farreaching significance both on a national and international level.Through reading “the four famous novels” carefully, you can understand traditional Chinese society and human culture, and its folklore.And it is an important way to absorb the quintessence of ancient culture as well as to pick up strategies and wisdom on how to get along with others.14 泰山(Mount Tai)位于山东中部，占地426平方千米，最高峰“玉皇顶(the Jade Emperor Peak)”海拔约1 545米。泰山以恢宏的自然景观著称于世，山上点缀着寺庙、石碑和石刻(stone inscription)。身为中国五大名山之首，泰山备受佛教(Buddhism)和道教(Taoism)的推崇。中国的很多皇帝都曾到泰山敬拜天地。传统观念认为泰山是每天太阳最先升起的地方。因此为了到泰山之巅看日出，成千上万的人午夜就开始攀登泰山。

Located in central Shandong Province, Mount Tai covers 426 square kilometers with its highest peak, the Jade Emperor Peak, reaching about 1 545 meters above sea level.Mount Tai earns a reputation for its imposing natural scenery festooned with a chain of temples, stone tablets and stone inscriptions.As the first of the “Five Great Mountains” in China, Mount Tai is revered both in Buddhism and Taoism.Many emperors in China visited it to hold the Heaven Worship ceremony.Traditional belief maintains that each day begins with the sun rising at Mount Tai, thus thousands of sun worshipers climbed it from as early as midnight in order to appreciate sunrise at its peak.中国古代四大艺术中的“画”特指国画。其绘画形式是用毛笔蘸墨、颜料作画于绢或宣纸之上，古代称之为水墨丹青(inkpainting)。为区别于西方的油画而称之为中国画，简称“国画”。其题材有人物、山水、花鸟等。技法可分为工笔(fine brushwork)和写意(freehand brushwork)。国画的艺术特质在于“笔墨”，强调以形写神，画尽意在。国画在艺术创作上反映了中华民族的审美意识和情趣。

Painting in the four art forms in ancient China particularly refers to traditional Chinese painting.Traditional Chinese painting is done with a brush dipped into black or colored ink and is painted on spun silk or xuan paper.In ancient China, it was called inkpainting.In order to distinguish it from Western oilpaintings, the Chinese people term their works “Chinese painting”, short for traditional Chinese painting.The subject matters of Chinese paintings are typically figures, landscapes, birds and flowers.The drawing skills and techniques employed by the Chinese painters can be divided into two forms: fine brushwork and freehand brushwork.The artistic characteristics of Chinese painting lie in “the writing brush and ink”.Chinese painting emphasizes using the shape to convey the feelings of the painter.Even though a painting is a finished product, it endlessly conveys a meaning.In terms of the artistic creation, Chinese painting is a reflection of the aesthetic consciousness and artistic sentiment of the Chinese people.16 瓷器(porcelain)是中国最为重要的手工艺品之一。中国瓷器有3 500多年的历史，明清时期尤其繁荣。瓷器不仅可以用作日常餐具(dinnerware)、花瓶等，精美的瓷器更是常常被人们用来装饰家居。作为高档艺术品的象征，真品瓷器常常具有极高的艺术价值和经济价值，因此，常被很多人视为珍藏品。中国瓷器受到各国人民的欢迎，经常被用作表达中外友谊的礼物。Porcelains are one of Chinas most important handicrafts.Chinese porcelains have a history of more than 3 500 years, their most prosperous period being Ming and Qing Dynasties.Porcelains can be used as daily dinnerware and vases, and delicate porcelains are even commonly used for home decorations by people.As the symbols of highend works of art, authentic porcelains are often of extremely high artistic and economic value and therefore they are often regarded as precious collections by many people.Chinese porcelains are popular with people around the world, and they are often used as presents for expressing friendship between Chinese and foreign people.17 酒是中国人生活中的重要饮品之一。中国制酒源远流长，享誉中外。在中国最具有代表性的酒莫过于白酒(liquor)了，从某种角度上来说，中国的酒文化就是白酒文化。酒在中国人眼里更多的是一种交际的工具。酒在中国人生活中占有重要的位置，渗透于(permeate)整个中华五千年的文明史中，包括文学创作、娱乐、烹饪、养生保健等各方面。

Alcohol is one of the important drinks in Chinese peoples life.Chinese alcoholmaking has a long history and has been renowned at home and abroad.In China, no alcohol is more representative than Chinese liquor and at some point, Chinese alcohol culture is Chinese liquor culture.Alcohol is more of a communication tool in Chinese peoples eyes.Alcohol has permeated 5 000 years civilization of the whole Chinese history, which plays an important role in every aspect of Chinese peoples life, from literary creation and entertainment to cooking and health preservation.18 11月11日由四个1构成，因此每年此日就是光棍节(Singles Day)。20世纪90年代，南京众多大学首先开始庆祝光棍节。正如其名，这个新节日是专门为单身人士设立的。近年来，中国成为世界上互联网用户最多的国家，而单身人士是网购的主力军(main force)，许多电子商务平台(platform)就在光棍节当天开展促销活动以吸引中国不计其数的单身人士前来购物。目前，光棍节已成为中国人疯狂网购的日子。

Singles Day falls on every November 11th because the date is comprised of four “ones”.It was initially celebrated at many universities in Nanjing during the 1990s.As the name indicates, this new holiday is one exclusively for people who are still living a single life.In recent years, as China has become a country with the worlds biggest population of Internet users and the single people are the main force of Chinas online spending power, many ecommerce platforms launch promotion campaigns on the day in order to attract countless single people around China to their websites.Singles Day has become a day of crazy online shopping among the Chinese now.19 随着城市化(urbanization)进程的加快，越来越多的农民工(migrant worker)在城市里安顿下来。他们把子女接到城里来，希望孩子能接受到更好的教育。然而，这些农民工发现现实并不像他们预期的那么美好。城市公立学校的设施和师资远远不能满足大批农民工子女的需求。幸运的是，农民工子女的教育已成为政府议事日程上优先处理的问题。

With the acceleration of urbanization, an increasing number of migrant workers settle down in the cities.They bring their children along with them to the cities, with the hope of their children receiving better education.However, the migrants find the reality is not as promising as theyve expected.The facilities and faculties in the urban public schools are far from enough to meet the needs of the big group of migrant children.Luckily, the education problem of the migrant children has become a priority on the governments agenda.20 杭州市拥有世界上最大的公用自行车系统(bike sharing system)。目前杭州市共有2 700个公用自行车租赁站点，共计66 500辆车。计划至2020年，公共自行车的数量将增至175 000辆。租用自行车需要智能卡(smart card)，可在任意站点租车、在任意站点还车。租车骑行1小时内免费，1小时以上则按每小时1元收费。公用自行车系统对缓解杭州市的交通拥堵(congestion)起到了很大的作用。

With 66 500 bikes in 2 700 renting stations in the city now, Hangzhou owns the largest bike sharing system in the world.It plans to increase to 175 000 bikes by 2020.For renting a bike, one needs a smart card.One can rent a bike and return it at any station.Bike users can ride for free for the first hour and pay 1 yuan per hour for the extra time.The system is of great help to relieve the traffic congestion in Hangzhou city.

第四篇：大学英语四级翻译作文

1． 中国酒文化 Chinese Wine Culture

中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒。总的来说，不管是古代还是现代，酒都和中国文化息息相关。长久以来，中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴，在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。作为一种文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分，比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。

Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago.Generally speaking，wine has a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times.Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people''s life for a long time.Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry, or to make a toast（敬酒）to their relatives and friends during a feast（宴会）.Wine culture, as a kind of culture form, is also an inseparable（不可分割的）part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party, farewell（送别）dinner, wedding, and so on..2.中国书法Chinese Calligraphy

中国书法历史悠久，它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。作者的内心世界通过美妙的字体得以体现。书法在中国艺术中拥有举足轻重的地位，因为它影响到了其它的中国艺术形式，比如古典诗歌、雕塑、传统音乐及舞蹈、建筑及手工艺品。作为传统的艺术瑰宝，中国书法被全世界人民所喜爱，且越来越受到欢迎。

Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history, but also an art of self-cultivation and self-expression.Inner world of the writer could be reflected with the help of beautiful Chinese script.Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in Chinese art, for it has influenced other Chinese artistic forms like classical poetry, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.As a treasured artistic form of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy is enjoyed by people throughout the world and is becoming more and more popular.3。中国山水画Landscape Painting

山水画一直以来都被誉为中国绘画的最高境界。它品味高端，很受欢迎。一般意义上，中国山水画被认为是书法、绘画及诗歌的结合或延伸。汉语“山水”这个词由“山”和“水”两个汉字组成，且与道教的哲学思想相联系，它强调的是人与自然的和谐。中国画家描绘的并不总是真实的世界，他们呈现的是自己想象出来的风景，这些风景不再只是对眼前世界的描绘，而是画家内在思想的写照。因此，人们认为欣赏山水画除了可以很好地了解画家的内心世界之外，还可以净化自己的灵魂。

Landscape painting is traditionally considered as the highest form of Chinese painting styles.It is very popular and is associated with refined scholarly taste.Chinese Landscape painting in general is seen as a combination or extension of calligraphy, painting, and poetry.The Chinese term for “landscape” is made up of two characters meaning “mountains and water”.It is linked with the philosophy of Daoism, which emphasizes harmony with the natural world.Chinese artists do not usually paint real place but imaginary landscape which is no longer about the description of the visible world, but a means of conveying the inner mind.People therefore believe that looking at landscape painting is a good way to realize the artist’s inner heart as well as a way to purify their souls.4。中国戏曲 Chinese Opera

在中国，戏曲是一种很流行的戏剧形式，一般来说，可以追溯到唐朝时期，当时的皇帝唐玄宗创立了“梨园”。如今，许多外国人也很喜欢中国的戏曲。最吸引他们的则是戏曲的独有风格—画脸谱，它不仅是戏曲中的一大亮点，同时还要求独特的绘画技艺。每个演员脸上夸张的扮相代表其扮演角色的性格和命运。熟知戏曲的观众通过观察演员的脸谱和服装就可以知道角色背后的故事。通常，红色脸谱代表忠诚与勇敢;黑色代表凶猛;黄色和白色代表口是心非;金色和银色代表神秘。7对于中国人，特别是老年人，欣赏戏曲是他们的一大乐趣。

Chinese opera is a popular form of drama in China.In general, it dates back to the Tang Dynasty with Emperor Xuanzong, who founded the “Pear Garden”.Now Chinese opera is warmly welcomed by many foreign people.What appeals foreigners most might be the distinctive style of facial make-up, which is one of the highlights and requires distinctive techniques of painting.Exaggerated designs are painted on each performer''''''''s face to symbolize a character''''''''s personality, and fate.Audiences who are familiar with opera can know the story by observing the facial painting as well as the costumes.Generally, a red face represents loyalty and bravery;a black face, rough;yellow and white faces, duplicity;and golden and silver faces, mystery.For Chinese, especially older folks, to listen to opera is a real pleasure.5。京剧 Peking Opera

京剧是中国的一种传统艺术。它是中国戏曲的一种，诞生于于1790年四大徽班(Four Great Anhui Troupes)入京表演的时候。19世纪中期得到快速发展，到清朝达到全盛阶段。京剧被看成是中国的文化瑰宝之一。虽然它被称为京剧，但是它的起源地却是中国的安徽省和湖北省。京剧起初是一种宫廷表演艺术，而后才慢慢普及到民间。在数百年前，京剧作为一种新的戏曲形式，无论在哪里进行表演，都饱受欢迎。而在现代社会中，包括京剧在内的传统戏曲却不大能被年轻人接受，面临着巨大的生存危机。

Peking opera is a traditional art in China.It is a kind of Chinese opera which was born when the Four Great Anhui Troupes came to Beijing in 1790, arose in the mid-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty.Peking opera is widely regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.Although it is called Beijing opera, its origins are in the Chinese provinces of Anhui and Hubei.Peking opera was originally staged for the court and came into the public later.Hundreds of years ago, as a new drama form, wherever it was performed, it would be warmly welcomed..Unfortunately, in the modern world, traditional operas including Peking Opera have to face the existential crisis, because they are not easily accepted by younger generations.6。昆曲Kunqu Opera

昆曲是中国古老戏曲中的一种，起源于江苏昆山，拥有600多年的历史。它是连接过去与现在，中国与世界的纽带，对现今中国的戏曲形式，包括川剧与京剧在内，都产生了重要的影响。昆曲蕴含了各种意象美，从音乐、舞蹈到诗歌，人们的精神世界甚至中国人的灵魂，都有所体现。正因为如此，昆曲在过去广受欢迎，也成了中国文化遗产中最珍贵的部分。但是现在，昆曲不仅面临着来自大众流行文化的挑战，而且年轻人也对其缺乏兴趣。只有进行适当的保护，昆曲才能拥有美好的未来。

Kunqu Opera, which originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu province, is one of China’s classical operas with a history of more than 600 years.Kunqu Opera serves as a link between past and present, China and the world.It has exerted a dominant influence on recent forms of opera in China, including the Sichuan and Beijing operas.Kunqu Opera embraced every imaginable beauty, from music and dance, to poetry and people’s spirit world and even very soul of the Chinese nation, so that Kunqu Opera was so popular in the past and became the most valuable parts of China’s cultural heritage.But now, Kunqu Opera is facing competition from mass culture and a lack of interest amongst the young.It can only have a bright future when it is protected in a proper way.7．唐诗Poems of the Tang Dynasty

唐代，是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期，在不到300年的时间里，涌现出了许多著名的诗人和诗作。清朝时编辑的《全唐诗》(Poems of the Tang Dynasty)已收录2200多位诗人创作的48900多首诗歌。这些诗歌让人们深入了解到当时社会生活的各个方面。中国人很喜欢唐诗，就连小孩子也能背出几首，如李白的《静夜思》(Thoughts in the Silent Night)，杜甫的《春夜喜雨》(Good Rain on a Spring Night)等等。唐诗不仅是中国古代文学史上最光辉的一页，而且也是人类文化史中的一个奇迹。

The Tang Dynasty witnessed the peak of Chinese ancient poetry, with many renowned poets and famous works appearing over a period of less than 300 years.Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited during the Qing Dynasty has collected more than 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 poets.These poems provide an insight into all aspects of the social life of the period.Chinese people are very fond of Tang poetry, and even children can recite some from memory, such as Thoughts in the Silent Night by Li Bai, Good Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu, etc.Tang poetry not only serves as a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature, but is also a miracle in the history of human culture.8。唐诗Poems of the Tang Dynasty

唐代，是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期，在不到300年的时间里，涌现出了许多著名的诗人和诗作。清朝时编辑的《全唐诗》(Poems of the Tang Dynasty)已收录2200多位诗人创作的48900多首诗歌。这些诗歌让人们深入了解到当时社会生活的各个方面。中国人很喜欢唐诗，就连小孩子也能背出几首，如李白的《静夜思》(Thoughts in the Silent Night)，杜甫的《春夜喜雨》(Good Rain on a Spring Night)等等。唐诗不仅是中国古代文学史上最光辉的一页，而且也是人类文化史中的一个奇迹。

The Tang Dynasty witnessed the peak of Chinese ancient poetry, with many renowned poets and famous works appearing over a period of less than 300 years.Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited during the Qing Dynasty has collected more than 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 poets.These poems provide an insight into all aspects of the social life of the period.Chinese people are very fond of Tang poetry, and even children can recite some from memory, such as Thoughts in the Silent Night by Li Bai, Good Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu, etc.Tang poetry not only serves as a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature, but is also a miracle in the history of human culture.9。长城The Great Wall

长城，作为中国的象征之一，不仅是中国的奇迹，也是整个世界的奇迹。它始建于春秋战国时期，秦始皇统一中国后，连结了各段长城以抵御外敌入侵。现存的长城遗迹主要为建于14世纪的明长城。长城有着两千多年的历史，于1987年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。现如今，长城仍是世界上最受欢迎的景点之一。

As one of the symbols of China, the Great Wall is a wonder not only to China but also to the whole world.The Great Wall was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.After the unification of China, the first Emperor of Qin linked up different sections of the walls to prevent the invasion of the enemies.The present preserved Great Wall of China is the major parts built in the 14th century, called Ming Great Wall.With a long history of more than 2,000 years, the Great Wall of China was listed as World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987.Until now, the Great Wall is still one of the most popular attractions in the world.10。故宫The Imperial Palace

故宫又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，占地面积72万平方米。它拥有众多的庭院，四面有高墙和护城河保护。明清两代的皇帝和他们的家眷以及数百名宫女、太监曾在这里居住。紫禁城于明朝1420年建成，普通百姓不能进入。在1924年清朝末代皇帝被逐出故宫后，故宫于1925年变成了故宫博物院并对外开放。

Standing/Lying in the center of Beijing, the Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, covers an area of 720,000 square meters.It consists of dozens of courtyards and is protected by high walls and a moat on all four sides.The emperors of two dynasties, the Ming and the Qing, lived here with their families and hundreds of court ladies and palace eunuchs.The Forbidden City was completed in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty, which was not accessible to the common people.The Palace was converted into a museum in 1925 and has been open to the public after the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was driven out of the Palace in 1924.We often keep hearing such a saying, “Never give up.” It can be an inspiring term and expression of determination.One who trust it will try to reach his aim no matter how many times he fails.As for me, determining to succeed is a valuable quality to own.Consequently, I am convinced that we should never give up halfway.One reason is that provided that we abandon too easily, we could hardly realize anything.It is usual for us to fail in our first attempt at something new, so we shouldn’t feel depressed and should try once more.In addition, if we always give up easily when we fail, we will not be able to obtain new skills.Another reason we should never abandon is that we can learn a lesson from our errors.If we do not try once again, the lesson we have gotten is squandered（浪费）.At last, we should never give up in that as we try our best to realize our goals, we are becoming more confident, and this confidence can grant（授予，给）us succeed in other fields（领域）of daily life.In a word, it is essential（必要的）that we do not give up when struggling for our targets.Whether we succeed at last or not, we will learn something, and what we know will help us to become better, more confident.Furthermore（此外）, if we give up halfway, we have no opportunities of achieving our goals, but if we keep trying, there is always a chance that we will succeed in the future.【参考译文】

我们经常不断地听到这样一句说法，“不要放弃”。它是一个令人鼓舞而又充满决心的说法。相信此话的人无论失败多少次都会竭尽全力去实现自己的目标。我认为，下定决心去取得成功是我们具备的一个宝贵的品质。因此，我坚信我不应该半途而废。

其中原因之一是如果我们轻言放弃，那么我们不可能实现任何事情。在我们首次偿试新事物失败的话这是很常见的事，因此我们不应该感到沮丧，而是应该重振其鼓再次偿试。此外，如果我们一失败就轻言放弃，那就不可能获得新的技能。不应该放弃的另外一个原因是我们可以从失败当中吸取教训。如果我们不去再次偿试，我们得到的经验教训也没有用武之地。最后，不该放弃的又一个原因是当我们尽力去实现目标时，我们会变得更加自信，这种自信能够让我们在生活的其它领域获得成功。

总之，当我们为目标而付诸努力时，不去轻言放弃是非常重要的。不管最终我们是否会成功，我们总会学到一些东西。掌握的这些内容会帮助我们变得更好，更自信。此外，如果我们半途而废了，我们就没有机会去实现目标，但是如果我们不断偿试，那将来我们一定会有机会取得成功

Uncivilized Tourists（不文明游客）

Recently, there is a popular saying: the world is so large that I want to have a look!As more and more people travel around during their holidays, tourists have brought large sum of（大量的）money to the local people.However, too many tourists also bring some problems to the local life.The most serious problem is the pollution caused by the uncivilized tourists.It’s reported that there were thousands of tons of（许多的）rubbish left after the flag-raising ceremony（升旗仪式）on Oct.1st.The uncivilized tourists left their rubbish wherever they go, polluting the local environment.Another problem is the traffic jam（交通阻塞）caused by so many tourists.Tourist can promote the economic development of the local areas, but the pollution caused by those uncivilized tourists has brought severe（严峻的）problems.The local tourist authority should set up relative（相关的）laws to protect the environment of the local areas, and every tourist obey（遵守）the laws and help to（有助于）make the places of tourist more beautiful!We Shouldn't Totally Turn to the Internet

Nowadays, Internet has become an indispensable（不可缺少的）part in our life, and we use it for various purposes, such as searching useful information and chatting online.However, now more and more people turn to the Internet for help whenever they have trouble in finding solutions to their problems, and this phenomenon has aroused（唤醒）the public's attention.Relying on the Internet to solve all our difficulties can have bad impacts（影响）on us.On one hand, since we can always settle the troubles by searching solutions online, we can become very lazy and don't bother to think up answers by ourselves, which can hinder（阻碍）the development of creative thinking.On the other hand, the answers online may be inaccurate or wrong.If we use them without thinking the credibility（正确性）of them, we may make serious mistakes someday.As far as I'm concerned, we shouldn't completely depend on the Internet to settle problems.When we come across some difficulties, we’d better try our best to find possible solutions.If we make great efforts and still can't come up with an answer, then we can surf online to search solutions.But we should question the correctness of these answers before we adopt（采纳）them.

第五篇：大学英语四级翻译三部曲

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大学英语四级翻译三部曲

自2013年12月起，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会将对四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整，其中取消了原题型中的综合部分，并将原来的单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英，占考试比例的15%。新四级考试大纲规定翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等，长度为140-160个汉字。主要是考察学生运用汉译英基本的理论与技巧，在30分钟内将要求译出的部分译完，译文要求忠实原文，语言表达通顺流畅。

一、翻译的标准：

1.译文应该完整地再现原文内容

2.译文的风格、笔调应与原文性质相同

3.译文应像原文一样流畅自然

二、翻译三部曲：

1.通读并透彻理解原文汉语句子，确定语法成分和句型。

考生不应该将汉语部分直接翻译成英语，而是要首先阅读整个段落，确定要求翻译的句子在整个英语段落中的语法成分和句型结构。

确定语法成分以后，考生要有意识地审查时态，要特别注意句中的时间状语，并对照段落的时态。在翻译中常见时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等。此外，还应该根据汉语意思推断出题人想考查的语法或词汇项目，避免将汉语词汇逐个机械地翻译成英语的情况。

例如：中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。

分析：前半句话应该用一般现在时，而后半句则应该用一般过去时，因为讲的明清时代的事情。汉语中一般会省略主语，在翻译英语时一定要将省略的主语补充上。再有英语中的逗号与中文的逗号意义不同，因此译成英语时要慎用逗号。

译文：Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1，500 years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.2.付诸笔墨，保证拼写无误

经过仔细的斟酌以后，真正的翻译工作就变得简单得多，但对很多考生来说单词的拼写是一大难题，因此考生应该在确保关键结构无误的前提下尽量选用自己有把握的单词和短语。

例如：人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。新东方在线 [www.xiexiebang.com ]网络课堂电子教材系列

分析：考生在翻译“美化居家环境”时，不会翻译“美化”，可以选择自己会的短语“make sth.beautiful”。

译文1：People often make their homes beautiful with paper cuttings.译文2：People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.3.重新审视，确认句法合理

在检查的时候，考生应该确认自己翻译的内容与其他句子共同构成了一个语法正确达意清晰的句子。在这一阶段，考生还应该重点检查时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号、冠词和代词的使用以及主谓一致的等问题。

三、翻译的应试技巧：

1.恰当选词

在汉译英题型中，考生应注意恰当词语的选择。首先要尽量避免过于笼统的词语，选用其下义词或更确切的词语。

2.中英文句式之间的对应与转换

有些中文句子结构与含义可以对应英文中的某些句型。若考生可以恰当使用这些句型，可达到事半功倍的效果。

3.语态之间的转换

通常中文中的主语过于宽泛的时候，如“人们”，“别人”“这”等等，都可以转化成英文的被动语态，省略原来的主语。

例如：现在必须采取措施来保护环境。

译文：Measures should be adopted(taken)to protect the environment.4.词性的转换

1)名词转换成动词

例如：改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。(“拥护”是名词)

译文：The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.(“support”是动词)

2)动词转化成名词 新东方在线 [www.xiexiebang.com ]网络课堂电子教材系列

例如：他善于观察。(“观察”是动词)

译文：He is a good observer.(“observer”是名词)

3)名词转化成形容词

例如：这件事成功的可能性很小。(“可能性”是名词)

译文：It is unlikely to succeed.(“unlikely”是形容词)

4)形容词转化成名词

例如：在这紧张的时刻他感到非常紧张。(“紧张的”是形容词)

译文：The intensity of the moment filled his mind with intensity.(“intensity”是名词)

考生要把一段中文翻译成语言通顺的英语，不仅需要考生的单词量和单词拼写能力，而且语法也很重要了。因此，考生在准备四级翻译时除了注意相关词汇和短语的积累外，还应该注重基本语法的知识的积累。