第一篇:大学英语四级翻译技巧
英语四级六级、三级考试翻译技巧
句子翻译的常用技巧
英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言,英语重形合,汉语重 意合。有人把英语句子比喻为“树木丛生、干枝纠缠的树林”,脉络难析,主次难辨,而把汉语句子比喻为“枝干分明的竹林”,脉络清晰,主次易辨。翻译时,根 据表达习惯,英语、汉语的句子结构有时需要进行相应的转换。英汉语复合句中主句和从句之间的时间顺序和逻辑顺序也不完全一致,因此,翻译时,也时常需要根 据表达习惯,对句序进行相应的调整。恒星英语学习网现代翻译理论认为,句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法,那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。本期着重介绍常用的句子翻译方法:正反、反正表达法,分句、合句法。
正反、反正表达法
由于民族文化和思维方式不同,英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。在表达否定概念时,英语和汉语使用的词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差 异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的,而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达,如例
1、例
2、例3。反之,汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句 子,译成英语时需要从反面进行表达,如例
4、例
5、例6。此外,汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构,如双重否定(例7)、否定转移(例8)在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。
I.汉语从反面表达,译文从正面表达
例1:他提出的论据相当不充实。
译文:The argument he put forward is pretty thin.(词)
例2:我们确信,年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
译文:We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.(短语)例3:他七十岁了,可是并不显老。
译文:He was 70,but he carried his years lightly.(句子)
II.汉语从正面表达,译文从反面表达
例4:他这个人优柔寡断,而且总是反复无常。
译文:He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.(词)
例5:调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。
译文:The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease.(短语)例6:这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。恒星英语学习网
第二篇:英语四级考试翻译技巧
英语四级考试翻译技巧综述
现代翻译理论认为,句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法,那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。
考题分析:
分值:5%
时间:5 mintues
题型:汉译英,根据汉语提示补译五个不完整的英文句子,要求翻译的英文句意正确,表达
清楚。考题相对来说不难,原因有三:
其一,考题只考查汉译英,没有英译汉。大学英语精读教材中,每课都有汉译英译句练习,应该是学生非常熟悉的题型;
其二,内容单纯,不需要专业理论知识。题目内容既没有高难度的新闻翻译、文学翻译,也不涉及科技经贸翻译中的专业知识,只是一般的短句翻译,没有大主题语境,也谈不上翻译的“信、达、雅”标准; 第三,名为翻译,实为补全句子,考查语法结构和词组运用知识。每句只涉及15个左右的英语词,需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词,其中隐含着四级水平考生应当掌握的句型、语法、词组知识点。解题步骤:
1.认真审题,正确理解题意。
审题时,一定要注意一些涉及比较或是副词的表达,以免翻译时有所遗漏。
2.下笔翻译以前要先思考该题的语法点:
要不要使用词组或句式,有没有固定搭配,是否包含从句,动词应用什么时态.根据以往考题总结,翻译部分考察的语法点只要有:定语从句,状语从句,倒装句,强调句,虚拟语气,非谓语动词和独立主格结构,句子的时态与主谓一致问题。
3.答题时若遇到不会的单词或表达式,要学会根据题意,灵活处理,只要译文的意思与题目的要求相一致就可以。
4.最后要检查一遍译文,重点检查主谓是否一致,代词与介词的使用是否正确,动词的时态与语态使用是否正确,名次单复数是否正确
我们可以根据以下五个样题例句内容来推测可能考查的知识点:
1.The substance does not dissolve in water _______________(不管是否加热)。
本句意为:不管是否加热,这种物质都不会溶解于水。
前半句所给的信息并不重要,考生凭四级词汇知识可以理解substance(物质)和dissolve(溶解)两个单词的意义。考虑提示部分的汉语,“不管…是否…”即“whether… or …”,很容易找到这个对应结构。关键点在于对“加热”的理解,是主动还是被动处理,从上下文意义推断出是water被加热,所以我们采用被动方式,即whether(it is)heated or not,填入部分作让步状语从句,it is可以被省略。
考查重点:
从句知识:尤其让步状语从句,注意复习whether… or…, though, no matter how等表达的用法。分词用法:注意辨别现在分词和过去分词,同时考虑动词被动语态的运用。
2.Not only ___________________(他向我收费过高),but he didn’t do a good repair job either.本句意为:他不但向我收费过高,而且东西修理得不怎么样。
本句中要考虑两个层面,首先是动词“收费”的对应词,应当是“charge”。“过高”则往往使用too high或too much, 由于主体内容是金钱而不是温度,我们用经常搭配的“much”。更加巧妙的用词是“overcharge”,恰好可以把意思归并到一起。还要考虑的是本句中“not only…but…”结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象,自然是倒装句的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式,我们不得不把助动词did提炼出来,按照倒装结构翻译成“Not only did he charge me too much”或者“Not only did he overcharge me”。
考查重点:
倒装句结构中的否定词前置现象。
类似的知识点还要注意Never/Neither/Hardly/Scarcely等否定词在句首的倒装情况。
3.Your losses in trade this year are nothing ______________________(与我的相比)。
本句意为“你在生意中的损失与我的相比不值一题。”
翻译时有两个知识点容易出错,首先,“与…相比”考查词组知识,四级程度同学应当掌握“compared with”或者“in comparison with”, 但常有考生把 “compare with”与“compare to”(把…比做)混淆,或者没有考虑过去分词形式。此外,“我的”应当使用物主代词所有格“mine”,此处不宜写成“my losses”。考查重点:
词组知识:需要考生把握大批类似compare with以及名词形式in comparison with的词组或短语,其中固定搭配需要使用的介词/副词非常重要。
分词形式:在句子中做修饰成分与前者构成主动被动关系至关重要。
4.On average, it is said, visitors spend only _____________________(一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London.本句意为:据说,游客平均一天在利兹花掉的钱只有在伦敦的一半那么多。
显然本句在拿as…as…结构做文章。因为是比较关系,把在Leeds和在London的费用做比较,所以后半句有明确的“as”一词。空缺部分是要有 “as”,还要有 “half”和“money”。关键是次序如何调理。根据比较结构中的倍数原则,倍数数字放在最开始,接下去有关于量的as much+n.+as, 因此本句要填入 “half as much money”。
考查重点:
比较结构:本句考查同级比较中的倍数关系,类似表达还有twice as much(many)as…
5.By contrast, American mothers were more likely__________________(把孩子的成功归因于)natural talent.本句意为:相比较,美国的母亲们更可能把孩子的成功归因于天赋。
本句再次在词组方面进行考查,“把…归因于…”是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点,有时表达因果关系最复杂的动词词组。应当熟练把握 “attribute…to…”的拼写和用法。此外,不要忽略另外一个词的用法,“be likely to …”表示“容易”、“可能”等意义,稍不小心就会把to漏掉。总之,需要填入的部分拼贴在一起就是“to attribute their children’s success to”。
考查重点:
动词词组,表示因果关系的attribute… to…。
需要熟练掌握用法的还有lead to, result in, result from, be to blame for, be responsible for。
另外,还要学会使用拼写类似的词组contribute to,表示“有助于,对…做出贡献”。
如果仔细研究以上样题的考点,不难发现新四级在放弃专门的词汇语法结构题型后,把相关知识点设置到了其它的几种题型中,那么我们辛辛苦苦准备的倒装句、虚拟语气、分词、从句、词组仍然有用武之地,所以准备新四级千万不要与以往的知识割裂。所谓的“万变不离其宗”,如果我们熟练掌握四级大纲规定的词汇、词组、语法知识,并且活学活用,就不会被千变万化的题型吓倒。
常用的句子翻译方法:正反、反正表达法,分句、合句法。
由于民族文化和思维方式不同,英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。在表达否定概念时,英语和汉语使用的词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的,而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达,如例
1、例
2、例3。反之,汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句子,译成英语时需要从反面进行表达,如例
4、例
5、例6。此外,汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构,如双重否定(例7)、否定转移(例8)在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。
I.汉语从反面表达,译文从正面表达
例1:他提出的论据相当不充实。
译文:The argument he put forward is pretty thin.例2:我们确信,年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
译文:We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.例3:他七十岁了,可是并不显老。
译文:He was 70, but he carried his years lightly.II.汉语从正面表达,译文从反面表达
例4:他这个人优柔寡断,而且总是反复无常。
译文:He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.例5:调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。
译文:The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease.例6:这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。
译文:Such actions couldn’t long escape notice.III.特殊的否定句式
例7:有利必有弊。
译文:There is not any advantage without disadvantage.例8:我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。
译文:In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews.很多情况下,翻译句子的时候,需要调整原来的句子结构,分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。
I.分句法
汉译英时,需要分译的句子多数是长句,或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句,就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚,也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译,则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。如以下五个例子:
例1.少年是一去不复返的,等到精力衰竭时,要做学问也来不及了。(按内容层次分译)
译文: Youth will soon be gone,never to return.And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.例2.她隔窗望去,突然发现有只小船停泊在河边,船里有位船夫睡得正香。(从主语变换处分译)
译文: Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank.In it there was a boatman fast asleep.II.合句法
英汉两种语言的句子结构不完全相同,尽管英语句子日趋简洁,但是从句套从句,短语含短语的句型也是频频出现。一般而言,一个英语句子的信息包含量要大于一个汉语句子,因此,我们在做汉译英的时候,常常把汉语的两个句子,甚至更多句子,合译成英语的一句。使用合句法还可以使译文紧凑、简练。如以下三个例子: 例:一代人与一代人之间的冲突,也就是年轻人与老年人的冲突,似乎是最可笑的。因为这就是现在的自己与将来的自己,或者说过去的自己与现在的自己的冲突。(在关联词处合译)
译文:A conflict between the generations between youth and age seems the most stupid, for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be, or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.
第三篇:大学英语四级句子翻译的常用技巧
晴天娃娃 820986380
大学英语四级句子翻译的常用技巧
英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言,英语重形合,汉语重意合。有人把英语句子比喻为“树木丛生、干枝纠缠的树林”,脉络难析,主次难辨,而把汉语句子比喻为“枝干分明的竹林”,脉络清晰,主次易辨。翻译时,根据表达习惯,英语、汉语的句子结构有时需要进行相应的转换。英汉语复合句中主句和从句之间的时间顺序和逻辑顺序也不完全一致,因此,翻译时,也时常需要根据表达习惯,对句序进行相应的调整。
现代翻译理论认为,句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学英语考试大四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法,那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。本期着重介绍常用的句子翻译方法:正反、反正表达法,分句、合句法。
正反、反正表达法
由于民族文化和思维方式不同,英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。在表达否定概念时,英语和汉语使用的词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的,而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达,如例
1、例
2、例3。反之,汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句子,译成英语时需要从反面进行表达,如例
4、例
5、例6。此外,汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构,如双重否定(例7)、否定转移(例8)在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。
一、I.汉语从反面表达,译文从正面表达
例1:他提出的论据相当不充实。
译文:The argument he put forward is pretty thin.(词)
例2:我们确信,年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
译文:We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.(短语)
例3:他七十岁了,可是并不显老。
译文:He was 70, but he carried his years lightly.(句子)
II.汉语从正面表达,译文从反面表达
例4:他这个人优柔寡断,而且总是反复无常。
译文:He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.(词)例5:调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。
译文:The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease.(短语)
例6:这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。
译文:Such actions couldn’t long escape notice.(句子)
III.特殊的否定句式
例7:有利必有弊。
译文:There is not any advantage without disadvantage.(双重否定)例8:我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。
译文:In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews.(否定转移)
二、分句、合句法
很多情况下,翻译句子的时候,需要调整原来的句子^考试*大结构,分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。I.分句法
汉译英时,需要分译的句子多数是长句,或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句,就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚,也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译,则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。如以下五个例子:
例1.少年是一去不复返的,等到精力衰竭时,要做学问也来不及了。(按内容层次分
译)
译文: Youth will soon be gone,never to return.And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.例2.她隔窗望去,突然发现有只小船停泊在河边,船里有位船夫睡得正香。(从主语变换处分译)
译文: Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank.In it there was a boatman fast asleep.例3.声速随温度的升降会有轻微的增减,但不受气压的影响。(从关联词处分译)译文: The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls with decrease in temperature.It is not affected by the pressure of the air.例4.我们的政策是实行“一个国家,两种制度”,具体说,就是在中华人民共和国内,有着十多亿人口的大陆实行社会主义制度,香港、台湾地区实行资本主义制度。(原文出现总说或分述时要分译)
译文: We are pursuing a policy of “one country with two systems.” More specifically, this means that within the People’s Republic of China, the mainland with its more than one billion people will maintain the socialist system, while Hong Kong and Taiwan continue under the capitalist system.例5.我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一,有关的政策,也是众所周知和不会改变的,并且正在深入人心。(为了强调语气而采用分译)
译文: We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory.Our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change.The desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.II.合句法
英汉两种语言的句子结构不完全相同,尽管英语句子日趋简洁,但是从句套^考试*大从句,短语含短语的句型也是频频出现。一般而言,一个英语句子的信息包含量要大于一个汉语句子,因此,我们在做汉译英的时候,常常把汉语的两个句子,甚至更多句子,合译成英语的一句。使用合句法还可以使译文紧凑、简练。如以下三个例子:
例6:一代人与一代人之间的冲突,也就是年轻人与老年人的冲突,似乎是最可笑的。因为这就是现在的自己与将来的自己,或者说过去的自己与现在的自己的冲突。(在关联词处合译)
译文:A conflict between the generations between youth and age seems the most stupid, for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be, or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.例7:对我来说,我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。(从主语变换处合译)
译文:To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am king.例8:第二天,我又接到一个电报。这个电报有34个字,比前一个电报说得更详细。(按内容连贯合译)
译文:The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more details.
第四篇:大学英语四级翻译作文
1. 中国酒文化 Chinese Wine Culture
中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒。总的来说,不管是古代还是现代,酒都和中国文化息息相关。长久以来,中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴,在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。作为一种文化形式,酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分,比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。
Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago.Generally speaking,wine has a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times.Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people''s life for a long time.Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry, or to make a toast(敬酒)to their relatives and friends during a feast(宴会).Wine culture, as a kind of culture form, is also an inseparable(不可分割的)part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party, farewell(送别)dinner, wedding, and so on..2.中国书法Chinese Calligraphy
中国书法历史悠久,它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式,也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。作者的内心世界通过美妙的字体得以体现。书法在中国艺术中拥有举足轻重的地位,因为它影响到了其它的中国艺术形式,比如古典诗歌、雕塑、传统音乐及舞蹈、建筑及手工艺品。作为传统的艺术瑰宝,中国书法被全世界人民所喜爱,且越来越受到欢迎。
Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history, but also an art of self-cultivation and self-expression.Inner world of the writer could be reflected with the help of beautiful Chinese script.Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in Chinese art, for it has influenced other Chinese artistic forms like classical poetry, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.As a treasured artistic form of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy is enjoyed by people throughout the world and is becoming more and more popular.3。中国山水画Landscape Painting
山水画一直以来都被誉为中国绘画的最高境界。它品味高端,很受欢迎。一般意义上,中国山水画被认为是书法、绘画及诗歌的结合或延伸。汉语“山水”这个词由“山”和“水”两个汉字组成,且与道教的哲学思想相联系,它强调的是人与自然的和谐。中国画家描绘的并不总是真实的世界,他们呈现的是自己想象出来的风景,这些风景不再只是对眼前世界的描绘,而是画家内在思想的写照。因此,人们认为欣赏山水画除了可以很好地了解画家的内心世界之外,还可以净化自己的灵魂。
Landscape painting is traditionally considered as the highest form of Chinese painting styles.It is very popular and is associated with refined scholarly taste.Chinese Landscape painting in general is seen as a combination or extension of calligraphy, painting, and poetry.The Chinese term for “landscape” is made up of two characters meaning “mountains and water”.It is linked with the philosophy of Daoism, which emphasizes harmony with the natural world.Chinese artists do not usually paint real place but imaginary landscape which is no longer about the description of the visible world, but a means of conveying the inner mind.People therefore believe that looking at landscape painting is a good way to realize the artist’s inner heart as well as a way to purify their souls.4。中国戏曲 Chinese Opera
在中国,戏曲是一种很流行的戏剧形式,一般来说,可以追溯到唐朝时期,当时的皇帝唐玄宗创立了“梨园”。如今,许多外国人也很喜欢中国的戏曲。最吸引他们的则是戏曲的独有风格—画脸谱,它不仅是戏曲中的一大亮点,同时还要求独特的绘画技艺。每个演员脸上夸张的扮相代表其扮演角色的性格和命运。熟知戏曲的观众通过观察演员的脸谱和服装就可以知道角色背后的故事。通常,红色脸谱代表忠诚与勇敢;黑色代表凶猛;黄色和白色代表口是心非;金色和银色代表神秘。7对于中国人,特别是老年人,欣赏戏曲是他们的一大乐趣。
Chinese opera is a popular form of drama in China.In general, it dates back to the Tang Dynasty with Emperor Xuanzong, who founded the “Pear Garden”.Now Chinese opera is warmly welcomed by many foreign people.What appeals foreigners most might be the distinctive style of facial make-up, which is one of the highlights and requires distinctive techniques of painting.Exaggerated designs are painted on each performer''''''''s face to symbolize a character''''''''s personality, and fate.Audiences who are familiar with opera can know the story by observing the facial painting as well as the costumes.Generally, a red face represents loyalty and bravery;a black face, rough;yellow and white faces, duplicity;and golden and silver faces, mystery.For Chinese, especially older folks, to listen to opera is a real pleasure.5。京剧 Peking Opera
京剧是中国的一种传统艺术。它是中国戏曲的一种,诞生于于1790年四大徽班(Four Great Anhui Troupes)入京表演的时候。19世纪中期得到快速发展,到清朝达到全盛阶段。京剧被看成是中国的文化瑰宝之一。虽然它被称为京剧,但是它的起源地却是中国的安徽省和湖北省。京剧起初是一种宫廷表演艺术,而后才慢慢普及到民间。在数百年前,京剧作为一种新的戏曲形式,无论在哪里进行表演,都饱受欢迎。而在现代社会中,包括京剧在内的传统戏曲却不大能被年轻人接受,面临着巨大的生存危机。
Peking opera is a traditional art in China.It is a kind of Chinese opera which was born when the Four Great Anhui Troupes came to Beijing in 1790, arose in the mid-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty.Peking opera is widely regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.Although it is called Beijing opera, its origins are in the Chinese provinces of Anhui and Hubei.Peking opera was originally staged for the court and came into the public later.Hundreds of years ago, as a new drama form, wherever it was performed, it would be warmly welcomed..Unfortunately, in the modern world, traditional operas including Peking Opera have to face the existential crisis, because they are not easily accepted by younger generations.6。昆曲Kunqu Opera
昆曲是中国古老戏曲中的一种,起源于江苏昆山,拥有600多年的历史。它是连接过去与现在,中国与世界的纽带,对现今中国的戏曲形式,包括川剧与京剧在内,都产生了重要的影响。昆曲蕴含了各种意象美,从音乐、舞蹈到诗歌,人们的精神世界甚至中国人的灵魂,都有所体现。正因为如此,昆曲在过去广受欢迎,也成了中国文化遗产中最珍贵的部分。但是现在,昆曲不仅面临着来自大众流行文化的挑战,而且年轻人也对其缺乏兴趣。只有进行适当的保护,昆曲才能拥有美好的未来。
Kunqu Opera, which originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu province, is one of China’s classical operas with a history of more than 600 years.Kunqu Opera serves as a link between past and present, China and the world.It has exerted a dominant influence on recent forms of opera in China, including the Sichuan and Beijing operas.Kunqu Opera embraced every imaginable beauty, from music and dance, to poetry and people’s spirit world and even very soul of the Chinese nation, so that Kunqu Opera was so popular in the past and became the most valuable parts of China’s cultural heritage.But now, Kunqu Opera is facing competition from mass culture and a lack of interest amongst the young.It can only have a bright future when it is protected in a proper way.7.唐诗Poems of the Tang Dynasty
唐代,是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期,在不到300年的时间里,涌现出了许多著名的诗人和诗作。清朝时编辑的《全唐诗》(Poems of the Tang Dynasty)已收录2200多位诗人创作的48900多首诗歌。这些诗歌让人们深入了解到当时社会生活的各个方面。中国人很喜欢唐诗,就连小孩子也能背出几首,如李白的《静夜思》(Thoughts in the Silent Night),杜甫的《春夜喜雨》(Good Rain on a Spring Night)等等。唐诗不仅是中国古代文学史上最光辉的一页,而且也是人类文化史中的一个奇迹。
The Tang Dynasty witnessed the peak of Chinese ancient poetry, with many renowned poets and famous works appearing over a period of less than 300 years.Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited during the Qing Dynasty has collected more than 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 poets.These poems provide an insight into all aspects of the social life of the period.Chinese people are very fond of Tang poetry, and even children can recite some from memory, such as Thoughts in the Silent Night by Li Bai, Good Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu, etc.Tang poetry not only serves as a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature, but is also a miracle in the history of human culture.8。唐诗Poems of the Tang Dynasty
唐代,是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期,在不到300年的时间里,涌现出了许多著名的诗人和诗作。清朝时编辑的《全唐诗》(Poems of the Tang Dynasty)已收录2200多位诗人创作的48900多首诗歌。这些诗歌让人们深入了解到当时社会生活的各个方面。中国人很喜欢唐诗,就连小孩子也能背出几首,如李白的《静夜思》(Thoughts in the Silent Night),杜甫的《春夜喜雨》(Good Rain on a Spring Night)等等。唐诗不仅是中国古代文学史上最光辉的一页,而且也是人类文化史中的一个奇迹。
The Tang Dynasty witnessed the peak of Chinese ancient poetry, with many renowned poets and famous works appearing over a period of less than 300 years.Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited during the Qing Dynasty has collected more than 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 poets.These poems provide an insight into all aspects of the social life of the period.Chinese people are very fond of Tang poetry, and even children can recite some from memory, such as Thoughts in the Silent Night by Li Bai, Good Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu, etc.Tang poetry not only serves as a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature, but is also a miracle in the history of human culture.9。长城The Great Wall
长城,作为中国的象征之一,不仅是中国的奇迹,也是整个世界的奇迹。它始建于春秋战国时期,秦始皇统一中国后,连结了各段长城以抵御外敌入侵。现存的长城遗迹主要为建于14世纪的明长城。长城有着两千多年的历史,于1987年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。现如今,长城仍是世界上最受欢迎的景点之一。
As one of the symbols of China, the Great Wall is a wonder not only to China but also to the whole world.The Great Wall was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.After the unification of China, the first Emperor of Qin linked up different sections of the walls to prevent the invasion of the enemies.The present preserved Great Wall of China is the major parts built in the 14th century, called Ming Great Wall.With a long history of more than 2,000 years, the Great Wall of China was listed as World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987.Until now, the Great Wall is still one of the most popular attractions in the world.10。故宫The Imperial Palace
故宫又名紫禁城,位于北京市中心,占地面积72万平方米。它拥有众多的庭院,四面有高墙和护城河保护。明清两代的皇帝和他们的家眷以及数百名宫女、太监曾在这里居住。紫禁城于明朝1420年建成,普通百姓不能进入。在1924年清朝末代皇帝被逐出故宫后,故宫于1925年变成了故宫博物院并对外开放。
Standing/Lying in the center of Beijing, the Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, covers an area of 720,000 square meters.It consists of dozens of courtyards and is protected by high walls and a moat on all four sides.The emperors of two dynasties, the Ming and the Qing, lived here with their families and hundreds of court ladies and palace eunuchs.The Forbidden City was completed in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty, which was not accessible to the common people.The Palace was converted into a museum in 1925 and has been open to the public after the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was driven out of the Palace in 1924.We often keep hearing such a saying, “Never give up.” It can be an inspiring term and expression of determination.One who trust it will try to reach his aim no matter how many times he fails.As for me, determining to succeed is a valuable quality to own.Consequently, I am convinced that we should never give up halfway.One reason is that provided that we abandon too easily, we could hardly realize anything.It is usual for us to fail in our first attempt at something new, so we shouldn’t feel depressed and should try once more.In addition, if we always give up easily when we fail, we will not be able to obtain new skills.Another reason we should never abandon is that we can learn a lesson from our errors.If we do not try once again, the lesson we have gotten is squandered(浪费).At last, we should never give up in that as we try our best to realize our goals, we are becoming more confident, and this confidence can grant(授予,给)us succeed in other fields(领域)of daily life.In a word, it is essential(必要的)that we do not give up when struggling for our targets.Whether we succeed at last or not, we will learn something, and what we know will help us to become better, more confident.Furthermore(此外), if we give up halfway, we have no opportunities of achieving our goals, but if we keep trying, there is always a chance that we will succeed in the future.【参考译文】
我们经常不断地听到这样一句说法,“不要放弃”。它是一个令人鼓舞而又充满决心的说法。相信此话的人无论失败多少次都会竭尽全力去实现自己的目标。我认为,下定决心去取得成功是我们具备的一个宝贵的品质。因此,我坚信我不应该半途而废。
其中原因之一是如果我们轻言放弃,那么我们不可能实现任何事情。在我们首次偿试新事物失败的话这是很常见的事,因此我们不应该感到沮丧,而是应该重振其鼓再次偿试。此外,如果我们一失败就轻言放弃,那就不可能获得新的技能。不应该放弃的另外一个原因是我们可以从失败当中吸取教训。如果我们不去再次偿试,我们得到的经验教训也没有用武之地。最后,不该放弃的又一个原因是当我们尽力去实现目标时,我们会变得更加自信,这种自信能够让我们在生活的其它领域获得成功。
总之,当我们为目标而付诸努力时,不去轻言放弃是非常重要的。不管最终我们是否会成功,我们总会学到一些东西。掌握的这些内容会帮助我们变得更好,更自信。此外,如果我们半途而废了,我们就没有机会去实现目标,但是如果我们不断偿试,那将来我们一定会有机会取得成功
Uncivilized Tourists(不文明游客)
Recently, there is a popular saying: the world is so large that I want to have a look!As more and more people travel around during their holidays, tourists have brought large sum of(大量的)money to the local people.However, too many tourists also bring some problems to the local life.The most serious problem is the pollution caused by the uncivilized tourists.It’s reported that there were thousands of tons of(许多的)rubbish left after the flag-raising ceremony(升旗仪式)on Oct.1st.The uncivilized tourists left their rubbish wherever they go, polluting the local environment.Another problem is the traffic jam(交通阻塞)caused by so many tourists.Tourist can promote the economic development of the local areas, but the pollution caused by those uncivilized tourists has brought severe(严峻的)problems.The local tourist authority should set up relative(相关的)laws to protect the environment of the local areas, and every tourist obey(遵守)the laws and help to(有助于)make the places of tourist more beautiful!We Shouldn't Totally Turn to the Internet
Nowadays, Internet has become an indispensable(不可缺少的)part in our life, and we use it for various purposes, such as searching useful information and chatting online.However, now more and more people turn to the Internet for help whenever they have trouble in finding solutions to their problems, and this phenomenon has aroused(唤醒)the public's attention.Relying on the Internet to solve all our difficulties can have bad impacts(影响)on us.On one hand, since we can always settle the troubles by searching solutions online, we can become very lazy and don't bother to think up answers by ourselves, which can hinder(阻碍)the development of creative thinking.On the other hand, the answers online may be inaccurate or wrong.If we use them without thinking the credibility(正确性)of them, we may make serious mistakes someday.As far as I'm concerned, we shouldn't completely depend on the Internet to settle problems.When we come across some difficulties, we’d better try our best to find possible solutions.If we make great efforts and still can't come up with an answer, then we can surf online to search solutions.But we should question the correctness of these answers before we adopt(采纳)them.
第五篇:大学英语四级翻译三部曲
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大学英语四级翻译三部曲
自2013年12月起,全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会将对四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整,其中取消了原题型中的综合部分,并将原来的单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英,占考试比例的15%。新四级考试大纲规定翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等,长度为140-160个汉字。主要是考察学生运用汉译英基本的理论与技巧,在30分钟内将要求译出的部分译完,译文要求忠实原文,语言表达通顺流畅。
一、翻译的标准:
1.译文应该完整地再现原文内容
2.译文的风格、笔调应与原文性质相同
3.译文应像原文一样流畅自然
二、翻译三部曲:
1.通读并透彻理解原文汉语句子,确定语法成分和句型。
考生不应该将汉语部分直接翻译成英语,而是要首先阅读整个段落,确定要求翻译的句子在整个英语段落中的语法成分和句型结构。
确定语法成分以后,考生要有意识地审查时态,要特别注意句中的时间状语,并对照段落的时态。在翻译中常见时态有:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等。此外,还应该根据汉语意思推断出题人想考查的语法或词汇项目,避免将汉语词汇逐个机械地翻译成英语的情况。
例如:中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。
分析:前半句话应该用一般现在时,而后半句则应该用一般过去时,因为讲的明清时代的事情。汉语中一般会省略主语,在翻译英语时一定要将省略的主语补充上。再有英语中的逗号与中文的逗号意义不同,因此译成英语时要慎用逗号。
译文:Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.2.付诸笔墨,保证拼写无误
经过仔细的斟酌以后,真正的翻译工作就变得简单得多,但对很多考生来说单词的拼写是一大难题,因此考生应该在确保关键结构无误的前提下尽量选用自己有把握的单词和短语。
例如:人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。新东方在线 [www.xiexiebang.com ]网络课堂电子教材系列
分析:考生在翻译“美化居家环境”时,不会翻译“美化”,可以选择自己会的短语“make sth.beautiful”。
译文1:People often make their homes beautiful with paper cuttings.译文2:People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.3.重新审视,确认句法合理
在检查的时候,考生应该确认自己翻译的内容与其他句子共同构成了一个语法正确达意清晰的句子。在这一阶段,考生还应该重点检查时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号、冠词和代词的使用以及主谓一致的等问题。
三、翻译的应试技巧:
1.恰当选词
在汉译英题型中,考生应注意恰当词语的选择。首先要尽量避免过于笼统的词语,选用其下义词或更确切的词语。
2.中英文句式之间的对应与转换
有些中文句子结构与含义可以对应英文中的某些句型。若考生可以恰当使用这些句型,可达到事半功倍的效果。
3.语态之间的转换
通常中文中的主语过于宽泛的时候,如“人们”,“别人”“这”等等,都可以转化成英文的被动语态,省略原来的主语。
例如:现在必须采取措施来保护环境。
译文:Measures should be adopted(taken)to protect the environment.4.词性的转换
1)名词转换成动词
例如:改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。(“拥护”是名词)
译文:The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.(“support”是动词)
2)动词转化成名词 新东方在线 [www.xiexiebang.com ]网络课堂电子教材系列
例如:他善于观察。(“观察”是动词)
译文:He is a good observer.(“observer”是名词)
3)名词转化成形容词
例如:这件事成功的可能性很小。(“可能性”是名词)
译文:It is unlikely to succeed.(“unlikely”是形容词)
4)形容词转化成名词
例如:在这紧张的时刻他感到非常紧张。(“紧张的”是形容词)
译文:The intensity of the moment filled his mind with intensity.(“intensity”是名词)
考生要把一段中文翻译成语言通顺的英语,不仅需要考生的单词量和单词拼写能力,而且语法也很重要了。因此,考生在准备四级翻译时除了注意相关词汇和短语的积累外,还应该注重基本语法的知识的积累。