大学英语四级翻译解题方法

第一篇：大学英语四级翻译解题方法

大学英语四级汉译英方法总结

一、汉译英简介

在四级新题型考试中，翻译题所占分值为5%。由5个句子组成，要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。它考查的内容主要包括两部分，一是意群的表达，二是句法。

汉译英主要的考点有：固定结构的用法、词性的转换、语态之间的转换、长短句之间的转化和词语选择的恰当性。

二、汉译英解题步骤

知己知彼，百战不殆。若想在这一全新的题型上得高分，考生必须首先透彻地了解它的形式和要求，摸清命题人的思路，有针对性地复习、练习。大学英语四级考试的汉译英部分包含五个句子，每句话都由一部分汉语和一部分英语构成，要求考生将其中的汉语部分翻译成英语，与所给英语部分构成一个完整的句子。针对这部分题型的特点和中国学生在翻译训练中常犯的错误，我们为考生制定了做好汉译英的四步法。

（一）通读全句，确定语法成分

汉译英题型中的汉语和英语部分共同构成了一个完整的达意单位，不能将其割裂开来。同时，由于两种语言之间的语法结构相去甚远，考生不应该将汉语部分直接翻译成英语，而是要首先阅读整个句子，确定要求翻译的部分在整个英语句子中的语法成分。

例如：_____________________________________________（她目不转睛地看着窗外），she told us that our friend Tom had died in the air crash．

解析：很多学生看到给出的汉语部分是一个完整的主谓句，就想当然地将其翻译成一个英文的简单句。但仔细研究逗号以后的英文部分我们就会发现，这一部分才是句子的主干。由于英文中的逗号没有连接两个分句的功能，而本句逗号后面没有连接词，因此划线部分不是一个句子，而是一个状语成分。由此可知，我们必须使用非谓语结构或独立主格结构。可接受的答案包括：Keeping her eyes fixed out of the window；Staring out of the win-low；With her eyes fixed out the window；Her eyes fixed out of the window等。

（二）审查时态，决定表达方式

确定语法成分以后，考生要有意识地审查时态，要特别注意句中的时间状语，并对照所给英语部分的时态。此外，还应该根据汉语意思推断出题人想考查的语法或词汇项目，避免将汉语词汇逐个机械地翻译成英语的情况。

例如：Since we're here ________________________________（我们不如四处看看）．

解析：首先通读全句，我们发现Since we're here是一个条件状语从句，意思是“既然我们在这里”，因此划线部分应该是主句，有完整的主谓结构。随后我们开始分析汉语表达，“不如（做……）”的英文表达法是may/ might as well do sth.，与“四处看看”对应的英文短语是look around,而且全句使用的是一般现在时态。因此正确答案是we may as well look around。

（三）付诸笔墨，保证拼写无误

经过仔细的斟酌以后，真正的翻译工作就变得简单得多，但对很多考生来说单词的拼写是一大难题，因此考生应该在确保关键结构无误的前提下尽量选用自己有把握的单词和短语。

例如：

By contrast，American parents were more likely ________________________（把孩子的成功归因于）natural talent.解析：通过分析可知，本题考查be likely to do sth.“很可能做……”和attribute sth.to sb.／another thing“将……归因于……”的用法，对这两点很熟悉的考生可以不费吹灰之力就做出完美的答案，但正确地写出attribute和success并不是件容易的事。正确答案为to attribute their children’s success to。

（四）重新审视，确认句法合理 在检查的时候，考生应该确认自己翻译的部分与题目给出的英文部分共同构成了一个语法正确达意清晰的句子。在这一阶段，考生还应该重点检查句首字母的大写、冠词和代词的使用以及主谓一致的问题。

总之，做汉译英题目的时候，切忌盲目下笔，考生应该在平日的练习中严格遵循以上四个步骤，有意识地培养良好的翻译习惯。

三、实战演练

下面，我们以四级新题型样题中的翻译题为例，说明翻译题型的解题步骤与方法。

87.The substance does not dissolve in water _______________________(不管是否加热).[关键词]加热――heat；不管是否――(no matter)whether… or not [连 接]heat与其逻辑主语substance之间需采用被动连接，即heat加ed。[优 化]whether(it is)heated or not.――注意，it is可省略。[点 评]如果heated or not放在句首，whether也可以省略。88.Not only ___________________________(高), but he didn’t do a good repair job either.[关键词]收费过高――overcharge, charge too much/high [连 接]句首的Not only决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此，这里需在he之前加did。

[优 化](Not only)did he charge me too much/high, / did he overcharge me, …。[点 评]如果未能想出用overcharge/charge too much表示“收费过高”，也可以将其含义“化解”掉，用ask for too much来表达，答案可以是did he ask me for too much。

他

向

我收

费

过

89.Your losses in trade this year are nothing ___________________________(与我的相比).[关键词]相比――compare(with), in comparison with；我的――mine, my losses [连 接]compare与其逻辑主语Your losses之间需采用被动连接。[优 化]…in comparison with mine或compared with mine。

[点 评]此处最好用介词词组，如果用compared with mine，则放在句首更合适。90.On average, it is said, visitors spend only ___________________________(一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London.[关键词]一半――half；钱――money

[连 接]注意后文的as，此处需用一比较连接词as，并在as后需增添一形容词或副词。

[优 化]… half as much money。

[点 评]这里因为前文有spend，这里可以省略money；此处如果先把“一半”的意思撇开，更易“化解”原文，即先译出“一天里在利兹和在伦敦花同样多的钱”，spend as much(money)in a day in Leeds as in London，然后将“(只有)一半”加进去，这样来看(only)half只能放在as much前。

91.By contrast, American mothers were more likely _______________________________(把孩子的成功归因于)natural talent.[关键词]孩子的成功――children’s success / success of the children；把……归因于――attribute… to / owe… to [连 接]上文的were more likely后需接to。

[优 化]to attribute their children’s success / success of their children to…。[点 评]“把……归因于”也可以化解为“相信……的原因是……”，即believe that their children’s success is due to…/ the main factor for their children’s success is。

四、实用汉译英技巧

四级考试对翻译的要求并不高，只是要求考生用所学过的内容，运用一定的翻译技巧，将中文含义用英文顺畅地表达出来，也就是只做到“信”、“达”、“雅”这三个翻译标准的前两项就已基本符合要求。

（一）恰当选词

在中译英题型中，考生应注意恰当词语的选择。首先要尽量避免过于笼统的词语，选用其下义词或更确切的词语。例如：He is a good man.就不如He is a kind-hearted man.确切。而“他养了一条牧羊犬”译为“He raised a dog “，就不如“He raised a shepherd dog.”准确。此外，还要注意近义词之间的选择。例如”He runs very fast.”，和“He gave us a quick answer.”。

（二）中英文句式之间的对应与转换

有些中文句子结构与含义可以对应英文中的某些句型。若考生可以恰当使用这些句型，可达到事半功倍的效果。这些句子结构通常出现在大学英语课本每一课的课后练习中，如：“只有在海洋中我们才能发现鲸鱼”译为“Only in the ocean can we find whales.”

（三）语态之间的转换

中译英经常会涉及语态之间的转换。例如：

人们让我们相信，得到心里渴望的东西是件很容易的事。

We have been assured that achieving our heart's desires would be a piece of cake．

通常中文中的主语过于宽泛的时候，如“人们”，“别人”“这”等等，都可以转化成英文的被动语态，省略原来的主语。

（四）词性的转换 词性转换指的是中英文之间词性的转换，如在中文里是名词，到了英文句子中就变成了动词。这里主要提示四种情况。

1）名词转换成动词

例如：查理的梦想是将来成为一个侦探。（“梦想”是名词）

译为：Charlie dreams of becoming a detective in the future.（“dream “是动词）

2）动词转化成名词

例如：用害怕这个词来描述可能会更准确。（“描述”是动词）

译为：Afraid would be a more accurate description.（” description“是名词）3）名词转化成形容词

例如：吉姆成功的可能性很小。（“可能性”是名词）

译为：It is almost unlikely/impossible for Jim to succeed.（“unlikely”和“impossible“都是形容词）

4）形容词转化成名词

例如：在这紧张的时刻他感到非常紧张。（“紧张的”是形容词）译为：

The intensity of the moment filled his mind with intensity.（” intensity“是名词）

此外，在翻译过程中，还需要注意的就是，中文句子通常比较短小，逗号使用较多，且逗号可连续使用。而英文中则经常出现由并列结构和主从结构所构成的长句，逗号不可以随意使用。这时需要注意所译英文句子不要因中文影响而出现残句或粘连句。例如：“我收到了。”译成“I have received.”就是残句，应为“I have received it.”。将“玛丽五年前住在旧金山，在那儿她写了三本小说。”译成”Mary lived in San Francisco five years ago，there she wrote three novels.”就是粘连句，应该是“Mary lived in San Francisco five years ago，and there she wrote three novels．”

五、考点预测

汉译英题型对考生英语语言基础的要求固然很高，但并非无规律可循。在加强记忆重点词汇和短语的基础上，考生在动笔翻译以前一定要明确该题目考查的语言点，这样才能够做出最接近标准答案的译文，避免失分。这里总结了汉译英题型中最可能出现的重点句型和语法结构，供考生参考。

（一）重点句型预测 1）It is＋形容词＋that 例如：it is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色。2）It is＋形容词＋to do/ doing 例如：She had said what it was necessary to say.她已经说了一切有必要说的话。

3）祈使句／名词＋and/ or 例如：Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination.努力工作，你就能实现自己的目标。4）as＋many/ much＋名词＋as 例如：It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in London.据说，游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。5）倍数词＋as＋形容词＋as 例如：The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago.这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。

6)倍数词+ more +名词／形容词十than 例如：Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.吸烟对人体健康的危害极大，每年死于吸烟的人比死于车祸的人多七倍。

7）（not）as/ so...as（和……（不）一样）例如：The environmental problems are not as serious as they suggested in their report.环境问题没有他们在报告中说得那么严重。8）no more...than（与……一样不）

例如：She is no more fit to be a manager than a schoolgirl would be.匕个女学生固然不宜当经理，她也同样不宜。

9）Nothing is more...than（没有比……更……的；……是最……的）例如：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。

10）感官动词＋of＋名词

例如：They hurriedly escaped into a cave that smelt of terror.他们仓皇地逃人一个充满恐怖气氛的山洞。

11）without/ not so much as（甚至没有）例如：Disappointed with her husband，Mary left home without so much as looking back at him．出于对丈夫的失望，玛丽离开了家，甚至都没有回头看他一眼。

12）may/ might as well（…as）（与其……还不如……）

例如：One may as well not know a thing at all as know but imperfectly.与其一知半解还不如彻底蒙在鼓里。

13）too.～to.二（太……而不能……；极其地）例如：It was not too bright of them to settle in an area where earthquakes frequently occur.他们选择在地震多发的地区定居，这可不是个明智的决定。14）only to find/ see（结果却；没想到会）例如：He spent almost all his money to buy the hen which was said to be able to lay gold eggs, only to find it could not lay eggs at all.为了买那只据说能下金蛋的母鸡，他几乎倾家荡产，没想到这只鸡根本不会下蛋。

15）It is undoubted that/ There is no doubt that（毫无疑问，……）

例如：There is no doubt that war can be avoided if we get down to peace talk.毫无疑问，如果我们肯认真和谈就能避免战争。16）rather than（而不是……）

例如：Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness，we should focus on the improvement of ourselves.我们应该集中精力改善自我，而不是追求金钱的享乐。17）not...until（直到……才）例如：We can't release the film until we have the approval from the authority concerned.直到获得有关当局的批准我们才能发行那部电影。18）so/ such（…）that（如此……以至于）例如：With the rumor spreading fast, their anxiety was such that they could not sleep/they became so anxious that they could not sleep.在谣言迅速散播的情况下，他们焦虑异常，无法人睡。

19）（The）chances are that（很可能……）例如：Chances are that she has already known it, and there is no need for us to keep the secret.她很可能已经知道了，所以我们没有必要再保守这个秘密。20）It occurred to sb.that（突然想到……）例如：It had never occurred to Cinderella she would become a princess someday.Cinderella从来没有想到她会成为一位王妃。21）not...but...（不是……而是……）

例如：To our disappointment, the plan caused not development but destruction.让我们失望的是，这个计划带来的不是进步而是破坏。22）It is taken for granted that（……被认为是理所当然的）例如：It has been taken for granted that women should take on all the housework.多年来人们一直认为女性做家务是理所当然的。23）It is/ was said that（据说）例如：it is said that man is the least biologically determined species of all because he possesses features absent in other natural species.据说人类是生物学上最难归类的物种，因为人类拥有其他天然物种所缺乏的特性。24）When it comes to...（提及，当提到……的时候）

例如：When it comes to physics，I know nothing.谈到物理学，我一无所知。25）be not much of a...（是个不太好的……）例如：Mike is not much of a teacher for he often skips from one subject to another.麦克不是个好老师，因为他总是从一个话题跳转到另一个话题。26）As far as sb.／sth.is concerned（就……而言，在……看来）

例如：As far as I am concerned, fashion.belongs to women.在我看来，时尚是属于女性的。

27）not only...but also（不但……而且……）

例如：Shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a brilliant poet.莎士比亚不仅是一位伟大的剧作家而且是一位才华横溢的诗人。

28）（n)either...（n)or...（既不……也不……；或者……或者……）例如：Liking neither the story nor the background music，he fell asleep in the cinema.他既不喜欢故事情节也不喜欢背景音乐，所以在电影院里睡着了。

29）no sooner than/ hardly when/ scarcely when（刚……就……）

例如：I had hardly opened the door when he rushed in.我刚开门他就冲进来了。30）the more…the more（越……越……）例如：The faster a country's economy develops，the slower its population grows.一个国家的经济发展越快，它的人口增长就越慢。

（二）重点语法结构预测 1)虚拟语气

虚拟语气强调说话人的主观愿望和假想情况。考生应着重从以下几方面进行复习和训练：一些能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词，如：lest，in case，without，otherwise等；一部分表示建议、主张、命令、紧要等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语或同位语从句往往采用“（should)子动词原形”的虚拟形式，如：suggest, propose, command, order, request, require等；一些形容词后面的主语从句中往往采用“（should）＋动词原形”，如：It is necessary that，It is essential that，It is important that, It is desirable that等；省略了if的虚拟倒装句；在would rather, wish，as if，It is time that等句型中使用适当的虚拟形式表达主观愿望。

例如：It is necessary that ________________________________.（采取有效措施来防止环境污染）。

答案

：

effective actions

（should）be taken to prevent environmental pollution 2）时态转换

英语中一共有16个时态，最常用的5个时态是一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时。

在以往的四级考试中考查最多的是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。因此在翻译时，考生首先要抓住的就是已知信息中的时间状语，是现在时间、将来时间还是过去时间、是短暂时间还是延续性时间。

例如：__________________________________（自从她上了高中），she has worked very hard.答案：Since the time she went to senior high school 3）倒装结构

英语中的倒装结构分为全部倒装和部分倒装。哪些否定词或者短语前置能引起倒装句，部分倒装和全部倒装有何区别，as和so在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等，都是考生应当重视的地方。

例如：________________________________（鲇鱼walking fish不仅可以离开水存活）, but they can also travel short distances over land．

答案：Not only can walking fish live out of water（部分倒装）例如：The peace talk turned out to be a failure.Then ____________________（两国之间开始了一场恶战）． 答案：began a bitter war between the two countries（全部倒装）4）非谓语结构和独立主格结构

一般说来，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是不能连接两个句子的，其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式，要么是独立主格结构。这两种结构都作状语，不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语，而非谓语结构则需要考生判断逻辑主语和非谓语动词之间的关系，确定使用主动语态或被动语态。

例如：________________________________（她一动不动地躺在床上），she fixed her eyes on the last leaf hanging against the blank wall．

答案：Lying in bed without any movement 5)主谓一致

这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判定谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词作主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式，如people，poultry，cattle, militia等；用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数，如bread and butter，knife and fork等。此外还有就近原则，即主语中含有某些连词（如as well as，besides，in addition to等）时，谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。

例如：It seems the cattle on the sides of the dikes ___________________（是那里唯一有生命的物体）．

答案：were the only living creatures there 6）强调句型

强调句的基本结构是“It is/was...that/who...”，考生务必明确强调的部分可以是句子中除了谓语以外的任何成分，要特别注意强调句与“not until”的连用。

例如：________________________（直到失去健康）that people know the value of health.答案：It is not until they lose it 7）介词with（without）引起的状语结构

介词with与名词或名词结构搭配引起的状语可以表示对象、方式、伴随、对照、结果、让步等，正确地使用with能够让学生在汉译英的过程中化繁为简。

例如：______________________________________（有了这些措施），we can change our society into one in which natural resources will be fully cherished．

答案：With these measures 此外，代词和连接词的使用、状语从句以及名词性从句和形容词性从句的用法也是考生应该重点复习的对象。

第二篇：2016大学英语四级 翻译练习

世界贸易组织成立于1995年1月1日，目的是确保一个稳定的全球和贸易经济环境。在当今世界上的190多个国家中，世界贸易组织的成员国(member country)有158个。在处理国家之间的贸易规则方面，世界贸易组织是唯一的全球性国际组织。世贸组织的事务应该引起我们的关注，因为世贸组织制定的规则对我们国家的经济和国民生活都有一定的影响。The WTO(World Trade Organization),established on January 1, 1995, aims to ensure a stable trade and economic world environment.The WTO is an association of 158 member countries, of more than 190 countries in the world today.The WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.The business of the WTO should be of interest to us because the rules that are being decided therein have an impact on our national economy, and peoples lives.2 奥运会是国际性的体育盛会(sporting events)，体育项目种类繁多，分为夏冬两季，均是每4年举办一次。最初有记载的奥运会于公元前776年在希腊的奥林匹亚(Olympia)举行。奥运会是最大的媒体活动之一。2000年悉尼奥运会上，有超过1.6万名播音员和新闻记者参与报道。据估计，有38亿观众通过电视收看了此届盛会。然而，奥运会的发展也是奥运会面临的一个大问题。

The Olympic Games are an international multisport event subdivided into summer and winter sporting events.The summer and winter games are each held every four years.The original Olympic Games were first recorded in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece.The Olympics are one of the largest media events.In Sydney in 2000 there were more than 16 000 broadcasters and journalists, and an estimated 3.8 billion viewers watched the games on television.However, the development of the Olympics is one of the largest problems the Olympics face today.3 《三国演义》由罗贯中创作于14世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说。小说以汉朝末年和三国时期的历史演变为背景，叙述了在这个动荡(turbulent)时期发生的一系列重大事情。整个故事情节从公元168年开始一直到公元280年领土统一(reunification)时结束。小说篇幅长达80万字，分为120个章节，共描述了1 191个人物角色，堪称中国文学史上四大经典小说之一。

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era, starting in AD 168 and ending with the reunification of the land in AD 280.It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, with a grand total of 800 000 words, 1 191 characters, and 120 chapters.4 秧歌舞(Yangko)是中国汉族的一种传统民间舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装(costume)，他们的表演动作有力而迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣(gong)鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上观看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同时他们也乐在其中。The Yangko dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northern provinces.Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and their movements are vigorous and quick.During holidays such as lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongs they swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter how cold it is outside.In recent years, elderly people in some cities in Northeast China have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers mostly enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.5 中国人喜欢在一起吃饭，这个传统可以追溯到很久之前。这反映出中国人喜欢团圆、不愿分离的观念——圆桌、圆盘、圆碗都象征着团圆和美满。盘子通常放在桌子的中央,这样坐在桌子面前的所有人都可以吃得到。一锅热汤尤其可以增加和谐、团圆的气氛。朋友们也喜欢在一起吃饭、生活。最近一位美国汉学家(Sinologist)的著作认为，中国人的集体观念(collective tradition)就是从一同吃饭发展而来的。

Chinese like to eat together, which is a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago.It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division—round tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection.Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them.A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union.Friends also like to eat and live together.A recent book by an American Sinologist held that the Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together.6 川剧(Sichuan Opera)就像四川火锅以及其他的名菜一样动人、丰富。变脸(Face Changing)是川剧中的一大亮点。据说古人在他们的脸上作画，[JP2]以便赶走野生动物。川剧吸收了这一古老的技艺并将其升华为一门艺术。变脸是一门神奇的艺术。演员在不到20秒的时间内要换十多次脸谱。通过举手、摆袖或摇头，演员使用不同的脸谱来表现不同的情绪，并通过看得见摸得着的脸谱表达出看不见摸不着的感情。

Sichuan Opera(Chuan Ju), like hotpot and other famous Sichuan dishes, is exciting and rich.Face Changing is the highlight of Sichuan Opera.It is said that ancient people painted their faces to drive away wild animals.Sichuan Opera absorbs this ancient skill and perfects it into an art.Face Changing is a magical art.Actors change more than 10 masks in less than 20 seconds.By raising the hand, swinging a sleeve or tossing the head, an actor uses different masks to show different emotions, expressing invisible and intangible feelings through visible and tangible masks.7 长城作为世界上最伟大的奇观之一，是古代中国在不同时期为抵御北方游牧民族（nomadic tribe）侵袭而修筑的规模浩大的军事工程的统称。如同巨龙一般，长城自东向西绵延8 800多公里。距今已有2 000多年历史的万里长城很多地方已经变成了废墟，但是它仍然是世界上最具吸引力的地方。1987年，长城被联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）列为世界文化遗产。The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders in the world, is the general name of a series of largescale military constructions during different periods in ancient China, hoped for the defense against the invasion of nomadic tribes from the north.Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall stretches over 8 800 kilometers from east to west of China.With a history of more than 2 000 years, many sections of the Great Wall have been in ruins now.However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world.In 1987, the Great Wall was listed as a World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.8 光棍节，又称“双十一”，最初是由大学生发起的单身人士的情人节，现在已经从最初的庆祝单身变成了中国人的一个网购狂欢节。过去六年里，中国的电商（ecommerce）巨头们开始利用这一商机，通过打折促销吸引顾客，提高销售收入。天猫(Tmall.com)双十一一天的销售额从2009年的5 000万飙升至2013年的350亿。邮政部门（the State Post Bureau）表示由于准备充分，尽管订单增加，快递业务仍然运行正常。

Singles Day, also named the Double 11 Day, which originated with college students as an alternative to Valentines Day for single people, now has transformed its original function as a day of celebration for the great unloved into a day of crazy online shopping for the Chinese people.Over the past six years, Singles Day has been taken advantage of by Chinese ecommerce giants by offering discounts and launching sales campaigns on that day to attract customers and boost sales income.Sales at Tmall.com on Singles Day have snowballed from 50 million yuan in 2009 to 35 billion yuan in 2013.The State Post Bureau said that thanks to adequate preparation, express deliveries were running on schedule despite the increase in orders.9 对于中国人来说，“面子”十分重要，它指的是一个人根源于自尊的名誉观。大部分中国人都认为，有面子是最重要的事情之一，丢面子则会带来巨大的痛苦。因此，人们必须了解并遵守面子规则，如果违反就会受到严厉的惩罚。然而，有时候一个人丢面子不仅仅是因为他们的行为不符合社会的要求，还可能是由于别人的行为没有符合他个人的期待。

Face is immensely important for the Chinese.It can be defined as a notion of ones reputation rooted in selfesteem.Most of the Chinese people believe that to have face is one of the most valued things, while to lose face is a cause of great anguish.Thus, people are expected to know and abide by the rules of face and are penalized harshly if they break them.However, sometimes a person could lose face not only because of his failure to match up to societys obligations on him, but also from the failure of others to act in accordance with his expectations of them.武术在我国源远流长，是中国传统文化的瑰宝(gem)。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界的其他地方而成为人类的共同财富。为了更好地推广武术，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联(the Chinese Wushu Association and the International Wushu Federation)做了艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术已被列为一种与保龄球(bowling)和国际标准舞(international standard dance)有同等地位的奥运表演项目。

With a long history in China, wushu is a gem of Chinese traditional culture.As we all know, the excellent cultural heritage of a nation doesnt belong to the nation alone but will be spread to the rest of the world gradually to be shared by all humanity.The Chinese Wushu Association and the International Wushu Federation have been working very hard to popularize wushu and move it closer to the Olympic events.Now, wushu has been accepted as an Olympic demonstration event with the same status as bowling and international standard dance.11 旗袍(Qipao)是中国独特的传统服饰。旗袍原本是满族(Manchu)妇女的服装，穿在身上非常宽松，直上直下，中间没有腰线。后来一些汉族的女性对这种服饰进行了改造，使它更加合身、性感。20世纪20年代，旗袍在上海的女学生中变得非常流行。旗袍一般是由丝绸制成，领口、袖口和腋襟上都绣有精细的花边。旗袍体现了中国女性的端庄、温柔和美丽。

Qipao is a unique kind of traditional Chinese attire.Originally worn by Manchu women, Qipao fitted loosely and hung straight down the body with no waistlines.And then some Han Chinese ladies carried out some improvements on the design, making it more fitting and sexier.When it came to the 1920s, Qipao became very popular among the girl students in Shanghai.Qipao is usually made of silk, and embroidered with delicate laces at the neckline, cuffs and edges.Qipao embodies Chinese womens modesty, softness and beauty.中国石窟(grotto)主要反映的是佛教文化艺术。敦煌莫高窟、大同云冈石窟、洛阳龙门石窟、天水麦积山石窟，号称中国四大石窟艺术景观。佛教石窟随山雕凿、彩绘，形象生动自然，将崇高美(sublimity)与世俗情(secular feeling)融为一体，把天然造化与人工创造有机结合，是由建筑、绘画、雕塑等组成的博大精深、绚丽夺目的综合艺术殿堂。其艺术成就为世界所瞩目，已成为重要的世界文化遗产。

Chinese grottoes mainly reflect the art of Buddhist culture.In China, there are four major art landscapes of grottoes: the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang, the Yungang Grottoes at Datong, the Longmen Grottoes at Luoyang, and the Maijishan Grottoes at Tianshui.Carved and painted on mountains, the Buddhist grottoes mingle both sublimity and secular feelings together, presenting us a vivid and natural appearance.They embody the systematic combination of both the exceptional artistry of great nature and the extremely fine craftsmanship of mankind.The Chinese Buddhist grottoes are regarded as a profound and stunning general art gallery, displaying the art of architecture, painting, sculptures and etc.The artistic achievements of Chinese grottoes have attracted the attention of the world, and have become an important international cultural heritage.13 中国古典文学包括诗歌、散文、小说及词(ci)、赋(fu)、曲(qu)等多种文体，艺术表现手法丰富各异。小说历史悠久，并在明清时期达到巅峰。小说中的《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》被称为中国四大古典文学名著，至今在国内外都有着广泛而深远的影响。研读四大名著能够了解中国传统人文社会、民俗，是汲取古代文明精粹、处世为人策略与智慧的重要途径。

Chinese classical literature includes poetry, prose, fiction, and ci(new lyrics written to preexisting tunes), fu(“descriptive poems” of prosepoetry), qu(a freer form based on the new popular songs and dramatic arias), and many other styles.Its artistic expressions are various in techniques.Chinese fiction has a long history, reaching its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Four classics of Chinese literature are Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Pilgrimage to the West, and A Dream of Red Mansions, which have extensive and farreaching significance both on a national and international level.Through reading “the four famous novels” carefully, you can understand traditional Chinese society and human culture, and its folklore.And it is an important way to absorb the quintessence of ancient culture as well as to pick up strategies and wisdom on how to get along with others.14 泰山(Mount Tai)位于山东中部，占地426平方千米，最高峰“玉皇顶(the Jade Emperor Peak)”海拔约1 545米。泰山以恢宏的自然景观著称于世，山上点缀着寺庙、石碑和石刻(stone inscription)。身为中国五大名山之首，泰山备受佛教(Buddhism)和道教(Taoism)的推崇。中国的很多皇帝都曾到泰山敬拜天地。传统观念认为泰山是每天太阳最先升起的地方。因此为了到泰山之巅看日出，成千上万的人午夜就开始攀登泰山。

Located in central Shandong Province, Mount Tai covers 426 square kilometers with its highest peak, the Jade Emperor Peak, reaching about 1 545 meters above sea level.Mount Tai earns a reputation for its imposing natural scenery festooned with a chain of temples, stone tablets and stone inscriptions.As the first of the “Five Great Mountains” in China, Mount Tai is revered both in Buddhism and Taoism.Many emperors in China visited it to hold the Heaven Worship ceremony.Traditional belief maintains that each day begins with the sun rising at Mount Tai, thus thousands of sun worshipers climbed it from as early as midnight in order to appreciate sunrise at its peak.中国古代四大艺术中的“画”特指国画。其绘画形式是用毛笔蘸墨、颜料作画于绢或宣纸之上，古代称之为水墨丹青(inkpainting)。为区别于西方的油画而称之为中国画，简称“国画”。其题材有人物、山水、花鸟等。技法可分为工笔(fine brushwork)和写意(freehand brushwork)。国画的艺术特质在于“笔墨”，强调以形写神，画尽意在。国画在艺术创作上反映了中华民族的审美意识和情趣。

Painting in the four art forms in ancient China particularly refers to traditional Chinese painting.Traditional Chinese painting is done with a brush dipped into black or colored ink and is painted on spun silk or xuan paper.In ancient China, it was called inkpainting.In order to distinguish it from Western oilpaintings, the Chinese people term their works “Chinese painting”, short for traditional Chinese painting.The subject matters of Chinese paintings are typically figures, landscapes, birds and flowers.The drawing skills and techniques employed by the Chinese painters can be divided into two forms: fine brushwork and freehand brushwork.The artistic characteristics of Chinese painting lie in “the writing brush and ink”.Chinese painting emphasizes using the shape to convey the feelings of the painter.Even though a painting is a finished product, it endlessly conveys a meaning.In terms of the artistic creation, Chinese painting is a reflection of the aesthetic consciousness and artistic sentiment of the Chinese people.16 瓷器(porcelain)是中国最为重要的手工艺品之一。中国瓷器有3 500多年的历史，明清时期尤其繁荣。瓷器不仅可以用作日常餐具(dinnerware)、花瓶等，精美的瓷器更是常常被人们用来装饰家居。作为高档艺术品的象征，真品瓷器常常具有极高的艺术价值和经济价值，因此，常被很多人视为珍藏品。中国瓷器受到各国人民的欢迎，经常被用作表达中外友谊的礼物。Porcelains are one of Chinas most important handicrafts.Chinese porcelains have a history of more than 3 500 years, their most prosperous period being Ming and Qing Dynasties.Porcelains can be used as daily dinnerware and vases, and delicate porcelains are even commonly used for home decorations by people.As the symbols of highend works of art, authentic porcelains are often of extremely high artistic and economic value and therefore they are often regarded as precious collections by many people.Chinese porcelains are popular with people around the world, and they are often used as presents for expressing friendship between Chinese and foreign people.17 酒是中国人生活中的重要饮品之一。中国制酒源远流长，享誉中外。在中国最具有代表性的酒莫过于白酒(liquor)了，从某种角度上来说，中国的酒文化就是白酒文化。酒在中国人眼里更多的是一种交际的工具。酒在中国人生活中占有重要的位置，渗透于(permeate)整个中华五千年的文明史中，包括文学创作、娱乐、烹饪、养生保健等各方面。

Alcohol is one of the important drinks in Chinese peoples life.Chinese alcoholmaking has a long history and has been renowned at home and abroad.In China, no alcohol is more representative than Chinese liquor and at some point, Chinese alcohol culture is Chinese liquor culture.Alcohol is more of a communication tool in Chinese peoples eyes.Alcohol has permeated 5 000 years civilization of the whole Chinese history, which plays an important role in every aspect of Chinese peoples life, from literary creation and entertainment to cooking and health preservation.18 11月11日由四个1构成，因此每年此日就是光棍节(Singles Day)。20世纪90年代，南京众多大学首先开始庆祝光棍节。正如其名，这个新节日是专门为单身人士设立的。近年来，中国成为世界上互联网用户最多的国家，而单身人士是网购的主力军(main force)，许多电子商务平台(platform)就在光棍节当天开展促销活动以吸引中国不计其数的单身人士前来购物。目前，光棍节已成为中国人疯狂网购的日子。

Singles Day falls on every November 11th because the date is comprised of four “ones”.It was initially celebrated at many universities in Nanjing during the 1990s.As the name indicates, this new holiday is one exclusively for people who are still living a single life.In recent years, as China has become a country with the worlds biggest population of Internet users and the single people are the main force of Chinas online spending power, many ecommerce platforms launch promotion campaigns on the day in order to attract countless single people around China to their websites.Singles Day has become a day of crazy online shopping among the Chinese now.19 随着城市化(urbanization)进程的加快，越来越多的农民工(migrant worker)在城市里安顿下来。他们把子女接到城里来，希望孩子能接受到更好的教育。然而，这些农民工发现现实并不像他们预期的那么美好。城市公立学校的设施和师资远远不能满足大批农民工子女的需求。幸运的是，农民工子女的教育已成为政府议事日程上优先处理的问题。

With the acceleration of urbanization, an increasing number of migrant workers settle down in the cities.They bring their children along with them to the cities, with the hope of their children receiving better education.However, the migrants find the reality is not as promising as theyve expected.The facilities and faculties in the urban public schools are far from enough to meet the needs of the big group of migrant children.Luckily, the education problem of the migrant children has become a priority on the governments agenda.20 杭州市拥有世界上最大的公用自行车系统(bike sharing system)。目前杭州市共有2 700个公用自行车租赁站点，共计66 500辆车。计划至2020年，公共自行车的数量将增至175 000辆。租用自行车需要智能卡(smart card)，可在任意站点租车、在任意站点还车。租车骑行1小时内免费，1小时以上则按每小时1元收费。公用自行车系统对缓解杭州市的交通拥堵(congestion)起到了很大的作用。

With 66 500 bikes in 2 700 renting stations in the city now, Hangzhou owns the largest bike sharing system in the world.It plans to increase to 175 000 bikes by 2020.For renting a bike, one needs a smart card.One can rent a bike and return it at any station.Bike users can ride for free for the first hour and pay 1 yuan per hour for the extra time.The system is of great help to relieve the traffic congestion in Hangzhou city.

第三篇：大学英语四级翻译作文

1． 中国酒文化 Chinese Wine Culture

中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒。总的来说，不管是古代还是现代，酒都和中国文化息息相关。长久以来，中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴，在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。作为一种文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分，比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。

Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago.Generally speaking，wine has a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times.Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people''s life for a long time.Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry, or to make a toast（敬酒）to their relatives and friends during a feast（宴会）.Wine culture, as a kind of culture form, is also an inseparable（不可分割的）part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party, farewell（送别）dinner, wedding, and so on..2.中国书法Chinese Calligraphy

中国书法历史悠久，它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。作者的内心世界通过美妙的字体得以体现。书法在中国艺术中拥有举足轻重的地位，因为它影响到了其它的中国艺术形式，比如古典诗歌、雕塑、传统音乐及舞蹈、建筑及手工艺品。作为传统的艺术瑰宝，中国书法被全世界人民所喜爱，且越来越受到欢迎。

Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history, but also an art of self-cultivation and self-expression.Inner world of the writer could be reflected with the help of beautiful Chinese script.Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in Chinese art, for it has influenced other Chinese artistic forms like classical poetry, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.As a treasured artistic form of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy is enjoyed by people throughout the world and is becoming more and more popular.3。中国山水画Landscape Painting

山水画一直以来都被誉为中国绘画的最高境界。它品味高端，很受欢迎。一般意义上，中国山水画被认为是书法、绘画及诗歌的结合或延伸。汉语“山水”这个词由“山”和“水”两个汉字组成，且与道教的哲学思想相联系，它强调的是人与自然的和谐。中国画家描绘的并不总是真实的世界，他们呈现的是自己想象出来的风景，这些风景不再只是对眼前世界的描绘，而是画家内在思想的写照。因此，人们认为欣赏山水画除了可以很好地了解画家的内心世界之外，还可以净化自己的灵魂。

Landscape painting is traditionally considered as the highest form of Chinese painting styles.It is very popular and is associated with refined scholarly taste.Chinese Landscape painting in general is seen as a combination or extension of calligraphy, painting, and poetry.The Chinese term for “landscape” is made up of two characters meaning “mountains and water”.It is linked with the philosophy of Daoism, which emphasizes harmony with the natural world.Chinese artists do not usually paint real place but imaginary landscape which is no longer about the description of the visible world, but a means of conveying the inner mind.People therefore believe that looking at landscape painting is a good way to realize the artist’s inner heart as well as a way to purify their souls.4。中国戏曲 Chinese Opera

在中国，戏曲是一种很流行的戏剧形式，一般来说，可以追溯到唐朝时期，当时的皇帝唐玄宗创立了“梨园”。如今，许多外国人也很喜欢中国的戏曲。最吸引他们的则是戏曲的独有风格—画脸谱，它不仅是戏曲中的一大亮点，同时还要求独特的绘画技艺。每个演员脸上夸张的扮相代表其扮演角色的性格和命运。熟知戏曲的观众通过观察演员的脸谱和服装就可以知道角色背后的故事。通常，红色脸谱代表忠诚与勇敢;黑色代表凶猛;黄色和白色代表口是心非;金色和银色代表神秘。7对于中国人，特别是老年人，欣赏戏曲是他们的一大乐趣。

Chinese opera is a popular form of drama in China.In general, it dates back to the Tang Dynasty with Emperor Xuanzong, who founded the “Pear Garden”.Now Chinese opera is warmly welcomed by many foreign people.What appeals foreigners most might be the distinctive style of facial make-up, which is one of the highlights and requires distinctive techniques of painting.Exaggerated designs are painted on each performer''''''''s face to symbolize a character''''''''s personality, and fate.Audiences who are familiar with opera can know the story by observing the facial painting as well as the costumes.Generally, a red face represents loyalty and bravery;a black face, rough;yellow and white faces, duplicity;and golden and silver faces, mystery.For Chinese, especially older folks, to listen to opera is a real pleasure.5。京剧 Peking Opera

京剧是中国的一种传统艺术。它是中国戏曲的一种，诞生于于1790年四大徽班(Four Great Anhui Troupes)入京表演的时候。19世纪中期得到快速发展，到清朝达到全盛阶段。京剧被看成是中国的文化瑰宝之一。虽然它被称为京剧，但是它的起源地却是中国的安徽省和湖北省。京剧起初是一种宫廷表演艺术，而后才慢慢普及到民间。在数百年前，京剧作为一种新的戏曲形式，无论在哪里进行表演，都饱受欢迎。而在现代社会中，包括京剧在内的传统戏曲却不大能被年轻人接受，面临着巨大的生存危机。

Peking opera is a traditional art in China.It is a kind of Chinese opera which was born when the Four Great Anhui Troupes came to Beijing in 1790, arose in the mid-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty.Peking opera is widely regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.Although it is called Beijing opera, its origins are in the Chinese provinces of Anhui and Hubei.Peking opera was originally staged for the court and came into the public later.Hundreds of years ago, as a new drama form, wherever it was performed, it would be warmly welcomed..Unfortunately, in the modern world, traditional operas including Peking Opera have to face the existential crisis, because they are not easily accepted by younger generations.6。昆曲Kunqu Opera

昆曲是中国古老戏曲中的一种，起源于江苏昆山，拥有600多年的历史。它是连接过去与现在，中国与世界的纽带，对现今中国的戏曲形式，包括川剧与京剧在内，都产生了重要的影响。昆曲蕴含了各种意象美，从音乐、舞蹈到诗歌，人们的精神世界甚至中国人的灵魂，都有所体现。正因为如此，昆曲在过去广受欢迎，也成了中国文化遗产中最珍贵的部分。但是现在，昆曲不仅面临着来自大众流行文化的挑战，而且年轻人也对其缺乏兴趣。只有进行适当的保护，昆曲才能拥有美好的未来。

Kunqu Opera, which originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu province, is one of China’s classical operas with a history of more than 600 years.Kunqu Opera serves as a link between past and present, China and the world.It has exerted a dominant influence on recent forms of opera in China, including the Sichuan and Beijing operas.Kunqu Opera embraced every imaginable beauty, from music and dance, to poetry and people’s spirit world and even very soul of the Chinese nation, so that Kunqu Opera was so popular in the past and became the most valuable parts of China’s cultural heritage.But now, Kunqu Opera is facing competition from mass culture and a lack of interest amongst the young.It can only have a bright future when it is protected in a proper way.7．唐诗Poems of the Tang Dynasty

唐代，是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期，在不到300年的时间里，涌现出了许多著名的诗人和诗作。清朝时编辑的《全唐诗》(Poems of the Tang Dynasty)已收录2200多位诗人创作的48900多首诗歌。这些诗歌让人们深入了解到当时社会生活的各个方面。中国人很喜欢唐诗，就连小孩子也能背出几首，如李白的《静夜思》(Thoughts in the Silent Night)，杜甫的《春夜喜雨》(Good Rain on a Spring Night)等等。唐诗不仅是中国古代文学史上最光辉的一页，而且也是人类文化史中的一个奇迹。

The Tang Dynasty witnessed the peak of Chinese ancient poetry, with many renowned poets and famous works appearing over a period of less than 300 years.Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited during the Qing Dynasty has collected more than 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 poets.These poems provide an insight into all aspects of the social life of the period.Chinese people are very fond of Tang poetry, and even children can recite some from memory, such as Thoughts in the Silent Night by Li Bai, Good Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu, etc.Tang poetry not only serves as a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature, but is also a miracle in the history of human culture.8。唐诗Poems of the Tang Dynasty

唐代，是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期，在不到300年的时间里，涌现出了许多著名的诗人和诗作。清朝时编辑的《全唐诗》(Poems of the Tang Dynasty)已收录2200多位诗人创作的48900多首诗歌。这些诗歌让人们深入了解到当时社会生活的各个方面。中国人很喜欢唐诗，就连小孩子也能背出几首，如李白的《静夜思》(Thoughts in the Silent Night)，杜甫的《春夜喜雨》(Good Rain on a Spring Night)等等。唐诗不仅是中国古代文学史上最光辉的一页，而且也是人类文化史中的一个奇迹。

The Tang Dynasty witnessed the peak of Chinese ancient poetry, with many renowned poets and famous works appearing over a period of less than 300 years.Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited during the Qing Dynasty has collected more than 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 poets.These poems provide an insight into all aspects of the social life of the period.Chinese people are very fond of Tang poetry, and even children can recite some from memory, such as Thoughts in the Silent Night by Li Bai, Good Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu, etc.Tang poetry not only serves as a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature, but is also a miracle in the history of human culture.9。长城The Great Wall

长城，作为中国的象征之一，不仅是中国的奇迹，也是整个世界的奇迹。它始建于春秋战国时期，秦始皇统一中国后，连结了各段长城以抵御外敌入侵。现存的长城遗迹主要为建于14世纪的明长城。长城有着两千多年的历史，于1987年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。现如今，长城仍是世界上最受欢迎的景点之一。

As one of the symbols of China, the Great Wall is a wonder not only to China but also to the whole world.The Great Wall was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.After the unification of China, the first Emperor of Qin linked up different sections of the walls to prevent the invasion of the enemies.The present preserved Great Wall of China is the major parts built in the 14th century, called Ming Great Wall.With a long history of more than 2,000 years, the Great Wall of China was listed as World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987.Until now, the Great Wall is still one of the most popular attractions in the world.10。故宫The Imperial Palace

故宫又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，占地面积72万平方米。它拥有众多的庭院，四面有高墙和护城河保护。明清两代的皇帝和他们的家眷以及数百名宫女、太监曾在这里居住。紫禁城于明朝1420年建成，普通百姓不能进入。在1924年清朝末代皇帝被逐出故宫后，故宫于1925年变成了故宫博物院并对外开放。

Standing/Lying in the center of Beijing, the Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, covers an area of 720,000 square meters.It consists of dozens of courtyards and is protected by high walls and a moat on all four sides.The emperors of two dynasties, the Ming and the Qing, lived here with their families and hundreds of court ladies and palace eunuchs.The Forbidden City was completed in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty, which was not accessible to the common people.The Palace was converted into a museum in 1925 and has been open to the public after the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was driven out of the Palace in 1924.We often keep hearing such a saying, “Never give up.” It can be an inspiring term and expression of determination.One who trust it will try to reach his aim no matter how many times he fails.As for me, determining to succeed is a valuable quality to own.Consequently, I am convinced that we should never give up halfway.One reason is that provided that we abandon too easily, we could hardly realize anything.It is usual for us to fail in our first attempt at something new, so we shouldn’t feel depressed and should try once more.In addition, if we always give up easily when we fail, we will not be able to obtain new skills.Another reason we should never abandon is that we can learn a lesson from our errors.If we do not try once again, the lesson we have gotten is squandered（浪费）.At last, we should never give up in that as we try our best to realize our goals, we are becoming more confident, and this confidence can grant（授予，给）us succeed in other fields（领域）of daily life.In a word, it is essential（必要的）that we do not give up when struggling for our targets.Whether we succeed at last or not, we will learn something, and what we know will help us to become better, more confident.Furthermore（此外）, if we give up halfway, we have no opportunities of achieving our goals, but if we keep trying, there is always a chance that we will succeed in the future.【参考译文】

我们经常不断地听到这样一句说法，“不要放弃”。它是一个令人鼓舞而又充满决心的说法。相信此话的人无论失败多少次都会竭尽全力去实现自己的目标。我认为，下定决心去取得成功是我们具备的一个宝贵的品质。因此，我坚信我不应该半途而废。

其中原因之一是如果我们轻言放弃，那么我们不可能实现任何事情。在我们首次偿试新事物失败的话这是很常见的事，因此我们不应该感到沮丧，而是应该重振其鼓再次偿试。此外，如果我们一失败就轻言放弃，那就不可能获得新的技能。不应该放弃的另外一个原因是我们可以从失败当中吸取教训。如果我们不去再次偿试，我们得到的经验教训也没有用武之地。最后，不该放弃的又一个原因是当我们尽力去实现目标时，我们会变得更加自信，这种自信能够让我们在生活的其它领域获得成功。

总之，当我们为目标而付诸努力时，不去轻言放弃是非常重要的。不管最终我们是否会成功，我们总会学到一些东西。掌握的这些内容会帮助我们变得更好，更自信。此外，如果我们半途而废了，我们就没有机会去实现目标，但是如果我们不断偿试，那将来我们一定会有机会取得成功

Uncivilized Tourists（不文明游客）

Recently, there is a popular saying: the world is so large that I want to have a look!As more and more people travel around during their holidays, tourists have brought large sum of（大量的）money to the local people.However, too many tourists also bring some problems to the local life.The most serious problem is the pollution caused by the uncivilized tourists.It’s reported that there were thousands of tons of（许多的）rubbish left after the flag-raising ceremony（升旗仪式）on Oct.1st.The uncivilized tourists left their rubbish wherever they go, polluting the local environment.Another problem is the traffic jam（交通阻塞）caused by so many tourists.Tourist can promote the economic development of the local areas, but the pollution caused by those uncivilized tourists has brought severe（严峻的）problems.The local tourist authority should set up relative（相关的）laws to protect the environment of the local areas, and every tourist obey（遵守）the laws and help to（有助于）make the places of tourist more beautiful!We Shouldn't Totally Turn to the Internet

Nowadays, Internet has become an indispensable（不可缺少的）part in our life, and we use it for various purposes, such as searching useful information and chatting online.However, now more and more people turn to the Internet for help whenever they have trouble in finding solutions to their problems, and this phenomenon has aroused（唤醒）the public's attention.Relying on the Internet to solve all our difficulties can have bad impacts（影响）on us.On one hand, since we can always settle the troubles by searching solutions online, we can become very lazy and don't bother to think up answers by ourselves, which can hinder（阻碍）the development of creative thinking.On the other hand, the answers online may be inaccurate or wrong.If we use them without thinking the credibility（正确性）of them, we may make serious mistakes someday.As far as I'm concerned, we shouldn't completely depend on the Internet to settle problems.When we come across some difficulties, we’d better try our best to find possible solutions.If we make great efforts and still can't come up with an answer, then we can surf online to search solutions.But we should question the correctness of these answers before we adopt（采纳）them.

第四篇：大学英语四级翻译三部曲

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大学英语四级翻译三部曲

自2013年12月起，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会将对四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整，其中取消了原题型中的综合部分，并将原来的单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英，占考试比例的15%。新四级考试大纲规定翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等，长度为140-160个汉字。主要是考察学生运用汉译英基本的理论与技巧，在30分钟内将要求译出的部分译完，译文要求忠实原文，语言表达通顺流畅。

一、翻译的标准：

1.译文应该完整地再现原文内容

2.译文的风格、笔调应与原文性质相同

3.译文应像原文一样流畅自然

二、翻译三部曲：

1.通读并透彻理解原文汉语句子，确定语法成分和句型。

考生不应该将汉语部分直接翻译成英语，而是要首先阅读整个段落，确定要求翻译的句子在整个英语段落中的语法成分和句型结构。

确定语法成分以后，考生要有意识地审查时态，要特别注意句中的时间状语，并对照段落的时态。在翻译中常见时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等。此外，还应该根据汉语意思推断出题人想考查的语法或词汇项目，避免将汉语词汇逐个机械地翻译成英语的情况。

例如：中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。

分析：前半句话应该用一般现在时，而后半句则应该用一般过去时，因为讲的明清时代的事情。汉语中一般会省略主语，在翻译英语时一定要将省略的主语补充上。再有英语中的逗号与中文的逗号意义不同，因此译成英语时要慎用逗号。

译文：Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1，500 years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.2.付诸笔墨，保证拼写无误

经过仔细的斟酌以后，真正的翻译工作就变得简单得多，但对很多考生来说单词的拼写是一大难题，因此考生应该在确保关键结构无误的前提下尽量选用自己有把握的单词和短语。

例如：人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。新东方在线 [www.xiexiebang.com ]网络课堂电子教材系列

分析：考生在翻译“美化居家环境”时，不会翻译“美化”，可以选择自己会的短语“make sth.beautiful”。

译文1：People often make their homes beautiful with paper cuttings.译文2：People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.3.重新审视，确认句法合理

在检查的时候，考生应该确认自己翻译的内容与其他句子共同构成了一个语法正确达意清晰的句子。在这一阶段，考生还应该重点检查时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号、冠词和代词的使用以及主谓一致的等问题。

三、翻译的应试技巧：

1.恰当选词

在汉译英题型中，考生应注意恰当词语的选择。首先要尽量避免过于笼统的词语，选用其下义词或更确切的词语。

2.中英文句式之间的对应与转换

有些中文句子结构与含义可以对应英文中的某些句型。若考生可以恰当使用这些句型，可达到事半功倍的效果。

3.语态之间的转换

通常中文中的主语过于宽泛的时候，如“人们”，“别人”“这”等等，都可以转化成英文的被动语态，省略原来的主语。

例如：现在必须采取措施来保护环境。

译文：Measures should be adopted(taken)to protect the environment.4.词性的转换

1)名词转换成动词

例如：改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。(“拥护”是名词)

译文：The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.(“support”是动词)

2)动词转化成名词 新东方在线 [www.xiexiebang.com ]网络课堂电子教材系列

例如：他善于观察。(“观察”是动词)

译文：He is a good observer.(“observer”是名词)

3)名词转化成形容词

例如：这件事成功的可能性很小。(“可能性”是名词)

译文：It is unlikely to succeed.(“unlikely”是形容词)

4)形容词转化成名词

例如：在这紧张的时刻他感到非常紧张。(“紧张的”是形容词)

译文：The intensity of the moment filled his mind with intensity.(“intensity”是名词)

考生要把一段中文翻译成语言通顺的英语，不仅需要考生的单词量和单词拼写能力，而且语法也很重要了。因此，考生在准备四级翻译时除了注意相关词汇和短语的积累外，还应该注重基本语法的知识的积累。

第五篇：大学英语四级翻译技巧

英语四级六级、三级考试翻译技巧

句子翻译的常用技巧

英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言，英语重形合，汉语重 意合。有人把英语句子比喻为“树木丛生、干枝纠缠的树林”，脉络难析，主次难辨，而把汉语句子比喻为“枝干分明的竹林”，脉络清晰，主次易辨。翻译时，根 据表达习惯，英语、汉语的句子结构有时需要进行相应的转换。英汉语复合句中主句和从句之间的时间顺序和逻辑顺序也不完全一致，因此，翻译时，也时常需要根 据表达习惯，对句序进行相应的调整。恒星英语学习网现代翻译理论认为，句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法，那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。本期着重介绍常用的句子翻译方法：正反、反正表达法，分句、合句法。

正反、反正表达法

由于民族文化和思维方式不同，英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。在表达否定概念时，英语和汉语使用的词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差 异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的，而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达，如例

1、例

2、例3。反之，汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句 子，译成英语时需要从反面进行表达，如例

4、例

5、例6。此外，汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构，如双重否定（例7）、否定转移（例8）在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。

I.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达

例1：他提出的论据相当不充实。

译文：The argument he put forward is pretty thin.（词）

例2：我们确信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。

译文：We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.（短语）例3：他七十岁了，可是并不显老。

译文：He was 70，but he carried his years lightly.（句子）

II.汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达

例4：他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。

译文：He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.（词）

例5：调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。

译文：The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease.（短语）例6：这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。恒星英语学习网