第一篇：(横向)大学英语四级翻译常用词汇
2015大学英语四级翻译常用词汇
科技词汇
vanish vi.消失、突然间消失
例：Myfear varnished.我的恐惧突然消失
digital a.数字的、数字显示的 考：digitalage数码时代
electricala.电的，与电有关的 考：electricalappliance电器设备
electronica.电子的
考：electronicdevice电子设备
optical a.光的、眼的
例：opticalinstruments光学仪器
universal a.普遍的,全体的;通用的,万能的 派：universen.宇宙
例：universaltruth普遍真理
solar a.太阳能的 例：solarenergy太阳能
solid a.固体的、实心的、结实
例：solidfuel固体燃料solid evidence可信的证据
派：solidarityn.团结solidify v.凝固infinite a.无限的、无边无际的
例：infinitepatience无限的耐心
mechanicala.机械的
例：mechanicalengineering机械工程师
派：mechanica.机械的 precise a.精确的 派：precisionn.精确
logical a.逻辑的
派：logicn.逻辑illogical a.不合逻辑的 psychological a.心理的、心理学的 派：psychologyn.心理
phenomenonn.现象、迹象
派：phenomenala.显著的
考：acommon phenomenon普遍现象
bacteria n.细菌
element n.元素、成分、元件
派：elementala.基本的、元素的elementary a.基本的、初步的biology n.生物学、生态学
evolution n.演变、进化
例：thetheory of evolution进化论
mathematicsn.算术
派：mathematicala.数学上的 formula n.原则、方案、公式
例：peaceformula和平方案
statistic n.统计数值、统计资料
例：statisticdata统计数据
vitamin n.维生素
protein n.蛋白质
oxygen n.氧、氧气
记：oxy(氧的)+gen(产生)=氧气
carbon n.碳
考：carbondioxide二氧化碳
measurementn.衡量、测量
例：threemeasurements三围
派：measurevt.衡量,测量
intelligencen.智力、智慧、情报
派：intelligenta.智慧的
例：artificialintelligence人工智能
graph n.图表、图解
navigationn.航行、导航
派：navigatev.导航
例：navigationsystem导航系统
dimension n.方面、纬、长(或宽、厚)等
派：dimensionala.空间的
例：threedimensional space三纬空间
经济词汇
总需求 aggregate demand
总供给 aggregate supply
企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture
企业形象 corporate image(Cl);enterprise image
跨国公司 cross-national corporation
创业精神 enterprising spirit;pioneering spirit
外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise
猎头公司head-hunter
假日经济 holiday economy
人力资本human capital
航空和航天工业aerospace industry
飞机制造工业aircraft industry
电子工业 electronic industry
汽车制造工业 car industry
娱乐业 entertainment industry
信息产业 information industry
知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry
国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises
轻工业 light industry
博彩业 lottery industry
制造业 manufacturing industry
垄断行业 monopoly industries
市场多元化 market diversification
市场经济 market economy
市场监管 market supervision
购买力 purchasing power
熊市 bear market
牛市 bull market
城镇化 urbanization
房地产 real estate
首付 down-payment
业主 home owner
个人购房贷款 individual housing loan
经济全球化 economic globalization
经济特区 special economic zones(SEZ)
经济增长 economic growth
泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff
纳税人tax payer
宏观经济macro economy
货币投放量 the size of money supply
流动性过剩excess liquidity
经济过热 overheated economy
通货膨胀inflation
抑制通货膨胀curb inflation
注入流动性 to inject liquidity
贴现率 discount rate
存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio(RRR)
公开市场业务 open market operation(OMO)
逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement;reverse repo
引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level
稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy
微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy
硬着陆 hard landing
软着陆 soft landing
二十国集团 Group of Twenty(G2O)
财政部长 Finance Minister
全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole
社会保障 social security year
经济活力 economic vitality
大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package
结构改革 structural reform
硬资产 hard assets
软资产 soft assets
有形资产 tangible assets
经济走廊 economic corridor
整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order
反垄断 antitrust;anti-monopoly
定价浮动 price fluctuations
谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit
债务审计audit of debt
地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability
公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system
债务管理 debt management
信用支持 credit support 中国社会
多元文化论 cultural pluralism
文化适应 acculturation
班车 shuttle bus
相定迁户 a relocated unit or household
大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age
独生子女 the only child in a family
单亲 single parent
福利彩票 welfare lotteries
家政服务 household management service
民工 migrant laborers
名人 celebrity
农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers
青春期 puberty
全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign
全国人口普查 nationwide census
社会保险 social insurance
暂住证 temporary residence permit/card
青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency
性骚扰 sexual harassment
走私 smuggling
*性另歧视 gender/sexual discrimination
年龄歧视 age discrimination
工作歧视 job discrimination
享乐主义hedonism
文盲 illiteracy
贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor
盗版 pirated/illegal copies
一国两制 One Country, Two Systems
三个代表 the Three Represents Theory
两会(人大、政协)Two Conferences(NPC and CPPCC)
南南合作 South-South Cooperation
南北对话 North-South Dialog
人大常委会 People’s Congress Standing Committee
法制观念 awareness of law
法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system
改革开放 reform and opening-up
公务员 civil servants
官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work
和谐并存 harmonious coexistence
计划生育 family planning
计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning
4青才申文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization
居委会 neighborhood committee
科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education
可持续发展 sustainable development
廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency
两岸关系 cross-straits relations
两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations
领 土完整 territorial integrity
民族精神 national spirit
普选制 general election system
求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences
人大代表NPC member
物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization
小康社会 a well-off society
小康水平a well-off standard
一个中国原则 the one-China principle
与时俱进 keep pace with the times
综合国力 overall national strength
共同愿望common desire
“走出去”(战略)going global
不结盟 non-alignment
单边主义 unilateralism
多边政策 multilateralism
多极世界 multipolar world
人 口 老龄化 aging of population
政治思想教育 political and ideological education
毕业生分酉己 graduate placement;assignment of graduate
人口出生率birth rate
社区月服务 community service
道德法庭 court of ethics
盗用公款embezzlement 教育词汇
成人夜校 night school for adults
在职进修班 on-job training courses n
综合性大学 comprehensive university
文科院校 colleges of(liberal)arts
理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering
师范学院 teachers’ college;normal college
高分低能 high scores and low abilities
高考(university/college)entrance examination
高校扩招 the college expansion plan
教育界 education circle
教育投入 input in education
九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education
考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools
充电 update one’s knowledge
初等教育 elementary education
大学城 college town
大学社区 college community
高等教育 higher education
高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project”
高等学府 institution of higher educatio
课外活动 extracurricular activities
必修课 required/compulsory course
选修课 elective/optional course
基础课 basic courses
专业课 specialized courses
课程表 school schedule
教学大纲 teaching program;syllabus
学习年限 period of schooling
学历 record of formal schooling
学分 credit
启发式教学 heuristic teaching
人才交流 talent exchange
for higher education
人才战 competition for talented people
商务英语证书 Business English Certificate(BEC)
适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade;enrollment rate 中国特色
京剧 Peking opera
秦腔 Qin opera
功夫Kungfo
太极Tai Chi
口 技 ventriloquism
木偶戏puppet show
皮影戏 shadowplay
折子戏 opera highlights
杂技 acrobatics
相声 witty dialogue comedy
刺绣 embroidery
苏绣 Suzhou embroidery
泥人 clay figure
书法 calligraphy
中国画 traditional Chinese painting
水墨画 Chinese brush painting
中国结 Chinese knot
中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China
火药 gunpowder
印刷术printing
造纸术 paper-making
指南针 the compass
青铜器 bronze ware
瓷器 porcelain;china
唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
景泰蓝cloisonne
秋千swing
武术 martial arts
儒道老庄
儒家思想Confucianism
儒家文化 Confucian culture
道教 Taoism
墨家Mohism
法家 Legalism
佛教 Buddhism
孔子 Confucius
孟子 Mencius
老子 Lao Tzu
庄子 Chuang Tzu
墨子 Mo Tzu
孙子Sun Tzu
象形文字 pictographic characters 古代文献
文房四宝(笔墨纸观)the Four Treasures of the Study(brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)
《大学》The Great Learning
《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
《论语》The Analects of Confucius
《孟子》The Mencius
《孙子兵法》The Art of War
《三国演义》Three Kingdoms
《西游爷己》Journey to the West
《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions
《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes
《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers
《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror
《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals
《史记》Historical Records
《诗经》The Book of Songs
《易经》The I Ching;The Book of Changes
《礼记》The Book of Rites
《三字经》Three-character Scriptures
风水服饰
八股文 eight-part essay
五言绝句 five-character quatrain
七言律诗 seven-character octave
旗袍 cheongsam
中山装 Chinese tunic suit
唐装 Tang suit
风水 Fengshui;geomantic omen
阳历 Solar calendar
阴历 Lunar calendar
闰年 leap year
十二生肖zodiac
节日词汇
春节 the Spring Festival
元宵节 the Lantern Festival
清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day
端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival
中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day
重阳节 the Double-ninth Day
七夕节 the Double-seventh Day
春联 spring couplets
庙会 temple fair
爆竹 firecracker
年画(traditional)New Year pictures
压岁钱 New Year gift-money
舞龙dragon dance
元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings
花灯 festival lantern
灯谜 lantern riddle
舞狮 lion dance
踩高跷 stilt walking
赛龙舟 dragon boat race
胡同hutong 菜系食品
山东菜 Shandong cuisine
川菜 Sichuan cuisine
粤菜 Canton cuisine
扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine
月饼 moon cake
年糕 rice cake
油条 deep-fried dough sticks
豆浆 soybean milk
馒头 steamed buns
花卷 steamed twisted rolls
包子 steamed stuffed buns
北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck
拉面 hand-stretched noodles
馄饨 wonton(dumplings in soup)
豆腐 tofu? bean curd
麻花 fried dough twist
烧饼 clay oven rolls
皮蛋 100-year egg;century egg
蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg
糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks
火锅hot pot
名胜古迹
长城 the Great Wall of China
烽火台 beacon tower
秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang
兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses
大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda
丝绸之路the Silk Road
敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes
华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs
五台山"Wutai Mountain
九华山 Jiuhua Mountain
蛾眉山Mount Emei
泰山 Mount Tai
黄山 Mount Huangshan;the Yellow Mountain
故宫 the Imperial Palace
天坛 the Temple of Heaven
午门 Meridian Gate
大运河 Grand Canal
护城河the Moat
回音壁Echo Wall
居庸关 Juyongguan Pass
九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall
黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi
十三陵 the Ming Tombs
苏州园林 Suzhou gardens
西湖 West Lake
九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley
日月潭 Sun Moon Lake
布达拉宫Potala Palace
鼓楼 drum tower
四合院 quadrangle;courtyard complex
孔庙 Confucius Temple
乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha
十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha
喇嘛Lama
第二篇：大学英语四级翻译技巧
英语四级六级、三级考试翻译技巧
句子翻译的常用技巧
英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言，英语重形合，汉语重 意合。有人把英语句子比喻为“树木丛生、干枝纠缠的树林”，脉络难析，主次难辨，而把汉语句子比喻为“枝干分明的竹林”，脉络清晰，主次易辨。翻译时，根 据表达习惯，英语、汉语的句子结构有时需要进行相应的转换。英汉语复合句中主句和从句之间的时间顺序和逻辑顺序也不完全一致，因此，翻译时，也时常需要根 据表达习惯，对句序进行相应的调整。恒星英语学习网现代翻译理论认为，句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法，那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。本期着重介绍常用的句子翻译方法：正反、反正表达法，分句、合句法。
正反、反正表达法
由于民族文化和思维方式不同，英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。在表达否定概念时，英语和汉语使用的词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差 异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的，而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达，如例
1、例
2、例3。反之，汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句 子，译成英语时需要从反面进行表达，如例
4、例
5、例6。此外，汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构，如双重否定（例7）、否定转移（例8）在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。
I.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达
例1：他提出的论据相当不充实。
译文：The argument he put forward is pretty thin.（词）
例2：我们确信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
译文：We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.（短语）例3：他七十岁了，可是并不显老。
译文：He was 70，but he carried his years lightly.（句子）
II.汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达
例4：他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。
译文：He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.（词）
例5：调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。
译文：The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease.（短语）例6：这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。恒星英语学习网
第三篇：大学英语四级翻译作文
1． 中国酒文化 Chinese Wine Culture
中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒。总的来说，不管是古代还是现代，酒都和中国文化息息相关。长久以来，中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴，在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。作为一种文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分，比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。
Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago.Generally speaking，wine has a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times.Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people''s life for a long time.Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry, or to make a toast（敬酒）to their relatives and friends during a feast（宴会）.Wine culture, as a kind of culture form, is also an inseparable（不可分割的）part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party, farewell（送别）dinner, wedding, and so on..2.中国书法Chinese Calligraphy
中国书法历史悠久，它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。作者的内心世界通过美妙的字体得以体现。书法在中国艺术中拥有举足轻重的地位，因为它影响到了其它的中国艺术形式，比如古典诗歌、雕塑、传统音乐及舞蹈、建筑及手工艺品。作为传统的艺术瑰宝，中国书法被全世界人民所喜爱，且越来越受到欢迎。
Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history, but also an art of self-cultivation and self-expression.Inner world of the writer could be reflected with the help of beautiful Chinese script.Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in Chinese art, for it has influenced other Chinese artistic forms like classical poetry, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.As a treasured artistic form of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy is enjoyed by people throughout the world and is becoming more and more popular.3。中国山水画Landscape Painting
山水画一直以来都被誉为中国绘画的最高境界。它品味高端，很受欢迎。一般意义上，中国山水画被认为是书法、绘画及诗歌的结合或延伸。汉语“山水”这个词由“山”和“水”两个汉字组成，且与道教的哲学思想相联系，它强调的是人与自然的和谐。中国画家描绘的并不总是真实的世界，他们呈现的是自己想象出来的风景，这些风景不再只是对眼前世界的描绘，而是画家内在思想的写照。因此，人们认为欣赏山水画除了可以很好地了解画家的内心世界之外，还可以净化自己的灵魂。
Landscape painting is traditionally considered as the highest form of Chinese painting styles.It is very popular and is associated with refined scholarly taste.Chinese Landscape painting in general is seen as a combination or extension of calligraphy, painting, and poetry.The Chinese term for “landscape” is made up of two characters meaning “mountains and water”.It is linked with the philosophy of Daoism, which emphasizes harmony with the natural world.Chinese artists do not usually paint real place but imaginary landscape which is no longer about the description of the visible world, but a means of conveying the inner mind.People therefore believe that looking at landscape painting is a good way to realize the artist’s inner heart as well as a way to purify their souls.4。中国戏曲 Chinese Opera
在中国，戏曲是一种很流行的戏剧形式，一般来说，可以追溯到唐朝时期，当时的皇帝唐玄宗创立了“梨园”。如今，许多外国人也很喜欢中国的戏曲。最吸引他们的则是戏曲的独有风格—画脸谱，它不仅是戏曲中的一大亮点，同时还要求独特的绘画技艺。每个演员脸上夸张的扮相代表其扮演角色的性格和命运。熟知戏曲的观众通过观察演员的脸谱和服装就可以知道角色背后的故事。通常，红色脸谱代表忠诚与勇敢;黑色代表凶猛;黄色和白色代表口是心非;金色和银色代表神秘。7对于中国人，特别是老年人，欣赏戏曲是他们的一大乐趣。
Chinese opera is a popular form of drama in China.In general, it dates back to the Tang Dynasty with Emperor Xuanzong, who founded the “Pear Garden”.Now Chinese opera is warmly welcomed by many foreign people.What appeals foreigners most might be the distinctive style of facial make-up, which is one of the highlights and requires distinctive techniques of painting.Exaggerated designs are painted on each performer''''''''s face to symbolize a character''''''''s personality, and fate.Audiences who are familiar with opera can know the story by observing the facial painting as well as the costumes.Generally, a red face represents loyalty and bravery;a black face, rough;yellow and white faces, duplicity;and golden and silver faces, mystery.For Chinese, especially older folks, to listen to opera is a real pleasure.5。京剧 Peking Opera
京剧是中国的一种传统艺术。它是中国戏曲的一种，诞生于于1790年四大徽班(Four Great Anhui Troupes)入京表演的时候。19世纪中期得到快速发展，到清朝达到全盛阶段。京剧被看成是中国的文化瑰宝之一。虽然它被称为京剧，但是它的起源地却是中国的安徽省和湖北省。京剧起初是一种宫廷表演艺术，而后才慢慢普及到民间。在数百年前，京剧作为一种新的戏曲形式，无论在哪里进行表演，都饱受欢迎。而在现代社会中，包括京剧在内的传统戏曲却不大能被年轻人接受，面临着巨大的生存危机。
Peking opera is a traditional art in China.It is a kind of Chinese opera which was born when the Four Great Anhui Troupes came to Beijing in 1790, arose in the mid-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty.Peking opera is widely regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.Although it is called Beijing opera, its origins are in the Chinese provinces of Anhui and Hubei.Peking opera was originally staged for the court and came into the public later.Hundreds of years ago, as a new drama form, wherever it was performed, it would be warmly welcomed..Unfortunately, in the modern world, traditional operas including Peking Opera have to face the existential crisis, because they are not easily accepted by younger generations.6。昆曲Kunqu Opera
昆曲是中国古老戏曲中的一种，起源于江苏昆山，拥有600多年的历史。它是连接过去与现在，中国与世界的纽带，对现今中国的戏曲形式，包括川剧与京剧在内，都产生了重要的影响。昆曲蕴含了各种意象美，从音乐、舞蹈到诗歌，人们的精神世界甚至中国人的灵魂，都有所体现。正因为如此，昆曲在过去广受欢迎，也成了中国文化遗产中最珍贵的部分。但是现在，昆曲不仅面临着来自大众流行文化的挑战，而且年轻人也对其缺乏兴趣。只有进行适当的保护，昆曲才能拥有美好的未来。
Kunqu Opera, which originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu province, is one of China’s classical operas with a history of more than 600 years.Kunqu Opera serves as a link between past and present, China and the world.It has exerted a dominant influence on recent forms of opera in China, including the Sichuan and Beijing operas.Kunqu Opera embraced every imaginable beauty, from music and dance, to poetry and people’s spirit world and even very soul of the Chinese nation, so that Kunqu Opera was so popular in the past and became the most valuable parts of China’s cultural heritage.But now, Kunqu Opera is facing competition from mass culture and a lack of interest amongst the young.It can only have a bright future when it is protected in a proper way.7．唐诗Poems of the Tang Dynasty
唐代，是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期，在不到300年的时间里，涌现出了许多著名的诗人和诗作。清朝时编辑的《全唐诗》(Poems of the Tang Dynasty)已收录2200多位诗人创作的48900多首诗歌。这些诗歌让人们深入了解到当时社会生活的各个方面。中国人很喜欢唐诗，就连小孩子也能背出几首，如李白的《静夜思》(Thoughts in the Silent Night)，杜甫的《春夜喜雨》(Good Rain on a Spring Night)等等。唐诗不仅是中国古代文学史上最光辉的一页，而且也是人类文化史中的一个奇迹。
The Tang Dynasty witnessed the peak of Chinese ancient poetry, with many renowned poets and famous works appearing over a period of less than 300 years.Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited during the Qing Dynasty has collected more than 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 poets.These poems provide an insight into all aspects of the social life of the period.Chinese people are very fond of Tang poetry, and even children can recite some from memory, such as Thoughts in the Silent Night by Li Bai, Good Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu, etc.Tang poetry not only serves as a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature, but is also a miracle in the history of human culture.8。唐诗Poems of the Tang Dynasty
唐代，是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期，在不到300年的时间里，涌现出了许多著名的诗人和诗作。清朝时编辑的《全唐诗》(Poems of the Tang Dynasty)已收录2200多位诗人创作的48900多首诗歌。这些诗歌让人们深入了解到当时社会生活的各个方面。中国人很喜欢唐诗，就连小孩子也能背出几首，如李白的《静夜思》(Thoughts in the Silent Night)，杜甫的《春夜喜雨》(Good Rain on a Spring Night)等等。唐诗不仅是中国古代文学史上最光辉的一页，而且也是人类文化史中的一个奇迹。
The Tang Dynasty witnessed the peak of Chinese ancient poetry, with many renowned poets and famous works appearing over a period of less than 300 years.Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited during the Qing Dynasty has collected more than 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 poets.These poems provide an insight into all aspects of the social life of the period.Chinese people are very fond of Tang poetry, and even children can recite some from memory, such as Thoughts in the Silent Night by Li Bai, Good Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu, etc.Tang poetry not only serves as a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature, but is also a miracle in the history of human culture.9。长城The Great Wall
长城，作为中国的象征之一，不仅是中国的奇迹，也是整个世界的奇迹。它始建于春秋战国时期，秦始皇统一中国后，连结了各段长城以抵御外敌入侵。现存的长城遗迹主要为建于14世纪的明长城。长城有着两千多年的历史，于1987年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。现如今，长城仍是世界上最受欢迎的景点之一。
As one of the symbols of China, the Great Wall is a wonder not only to China but also to the whole world.The Great Wall was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.After the unification of China, the first Emperor of Qin linked up different sections of the walls to prevent the invasion of the enemies.The present preserved Great Wall of China is the major parts built in the 14th century, called Ming Great Wall.With a long history of more than 2,000 years, the Great Wall of China was listed as World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987.Until now, the Great Wall is still one of the most popular attractions in the world.10。故宫The Imperial Palace
故宫又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，占地面积72万平方米。它拥有众多的庭院，四面有高墙和护城河保护。明清两代的皇帝和他们的家眷以及数百名宫女、太监曾在这里居住。紫禁城于明朝1420年建成，普通百姓不能进入。在1924年清朝末代皇帝被逐出故宫后，故宫于1925年变成了故宫博物院并对外开放。
Standing/Lying in the center of Beijing, the Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, covers an area of 720,000 square meters.It consists of dozens of courtyards and is protected by high walls and a moat on all four sides.The emperors of two dynasties, the Ming and the Qing, lived here with their families and hundreds of court ladies and palace eunuchs.The Forbidden City was completed in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty, which was not accessible to the common people.The Palace was converted into a museum in 1925 and has been open to the public after the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was driven out of the Palace in 1924.We often keep hearing such a saying, “Never give up.” It can be an inspiring term and expression of determination.One who trust it will try to reach his aim no matter how many times he fails.As for me, determining to succeed is a valuable quality to own.Consequently, I am convinced that we should never give up halfway.One reason is that provided that we abandon too easily, we could hardly realize anything.It is usual for us to fail in our first attempt at something new, so we shouldn’t feel depressed and should try once more.In addition, if we always give up easily when we fail, we will not be able to obtain new skills.Another reason we should never abandon is that we can learn a lesson from our errors.If we do not try once again, the lesson we have gotten is squandered（浪费）.At last, we should never give up in that as we try our best to realize our goals, we are becoming more confident, and this confidence can grant（授予，给）us succeed in other fields（领域）of daily life.In a word, it is essential（必要的）that we do not give up when struggling for our targets.Whether we succeed at last or not, we will learn something, and what we know will help us to become better, more confident.Furthermore（此外）, if we give up halfway, we have no opportunities of achieving our goals, but if we keep trying, there is always a chance that we will succeed in the future.【参考译文】
我们经常不断地听到这样一句说法，“不要放弃”。它是一个令人鼓舞而又充满决心的说法。相信此话的人无论失败多少次都会竭尽全力去实现自己的目标。我认为，下定决心去取得成功是我们具备的一个宝贵的品质。因此，我坚信我不应该半途而废。
其中原因之一是如果我们轻言放弃，那么我们不可能实现任何事情。在我们首次偿试新事物失败的话这是很常见的事，因此我们不应该感到沮丧，而是应该重振其鼓再次偿试。此外，如果我们一失败就轻言放弃，那就不可能获得新的技能。不应该放弃的另外一个原因是我们可以从失败当中吸取教训。如果我们不去再次偿试，我们得到的经验教训也没有用武之地。最后，不该放弃的又一个原因是当我们尽力去实现目标时，我们会变得更加自信，这种自信能够让我们在生活的其它领域获得成功。
总之，当我们为目标而付诸努力时，不去轻言放弃是非常重要的。不管最终我们是否会成功，我们总会学到一些东西。掌握的这些内容会帮助我们变得更好，更自信。此外，如果我们半途而废了，我们就没有机会去实现目标，但是如果我们不断偿试，那将来我们一定会有机会取得成功
Uncivilized Tourists（不文明游客）
Recently, there is a popular saying: the world is so large that I want to have a look!As more and more people travel around during their holidays, tourists have brought large sum of（大量的）money to the local people.However, too many tourists also bring some problems to the local life.The most serious problem is the pollution caused by the uncivilized tourists.It’s reported that there were thousands of tons of（许多的）rubbish left after the flag-raising ceremony（升旗仪式）on Oct.1st.The uncivilized tourists left their rubbish wherever they go, polluting the local environment.Another problem is the traffic jam（交通阻塞）caused by so many tourists.Tourist can promote the economic development of the local areas, but the pollution caused by those uncivilized tourists has brought severe（严峻的）problems.The local tourist authority should set up relative（相关的）laws to protect the environment of the local areas, and every tourist obey（遵守）the laws and help to（有助于）make the places of tourist more beautiful!We Shouldn't Totally Turn to the Internet
Nowadays, Internet has become an indispensable（不可缺少的）part in our life, and we use it for various purposes, such as searching useful information and chatting online.However, now more and more people turn to the Internet for help whenever they have trouble in finding solutions to their problems, and this phenomenon has aroused（唤醒）the public's attention.Relying on the Internet to solve all our difficulties can have bad impacts（影响）on us.On one hand, since we can always settle the troubles by searching solutions online, we can become very lazy and don't bother to think up answers by ourselves, which can hinder（阻碍）the development of creative thinking.On the other hand, the answers online may be inaccurate or wrong.If we use them without thinking the credibility（正确性）of them, we may make serious mistakes someday.As far as I'm concerned, we shouldn't completely depend on the Internet to settle problems.When we come across some difficulties, we’d better try our best to find possible solutions.If we make great efforts and still can't come up with an answer, then we can surf online to search solutions.But we should question the correctness of these answers before we adopt（采纳）them.
第四篇：大学英语四级翻译三部曲
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大学英语四级翻译三部曲
自2013年12月起，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会将对四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整，其中取消了原题型中的综合部分，并将原来的单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英，占考试比例的15%。新四级考试大纲规定翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等，长度为140-160个汉字。主要是考察学生运用汉译英基本的理论与技巧，在30分钟内将要求译出的部分译完，译文要求忠实原文，语言表达通顺流畅。
一、翻译的标准：
1.译文应该完整地再现原文内容
2.译文的风格、笔调应与原文性质相同
3.译文应像原文一样流畅自然
二、翻译三部曲：
1.通读并透彻理解原文汉语句子，确定语法成分和句型。
考生不应该将汉语部分直接翻译成英语，而是要首先阅读整个段落，确定要求翻译的句子在整个英语段落中的语法成分和句型结构。
确定语法成分以后，考生要有意识地审查时态，要特别注意句中的时间状语，并对照段落的时态。在翻译中常见时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等。此外，还应该根据汉语意思推断出题人想考查的语法或词汇项目，避免将汉语词汇逐个机械地翻译成英语的情况。
例如：中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。
分析：前半句话应该用一般现在时，而后半句则应该用一般过去时，因为讲的明清时代的事情。汉语中一般会省略主语，在翻译英语时一定要将省略的主语补充上。再有英语中的逗号与中文的逗号意义不同，因此译成英语时要慎用逗号。
译文：Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1，500 years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.2.付诸笔墨，保证拼写无误
经过仔细的斟酌以后，真正的翻译工作就变得简单得多，但对很多考生来说单词的拼写是一大难题，因此考生应该在确保关键结构无误的前提下尽量选用自己有把握的单词和短语。
例如：人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。新东方在线 [www.xiexiebang.com ]网络课堂电子教材系列
分析：考生在翻译“美化居家环境”时，不会翻译“美化”，可以选择自己会的短语“make sth.beautiful”。
译文1：People often make their homes beautiful with paper cuttings.译文2：People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.3.重新审视，确认句法合理
在检查的时候，考生应该确认自己翻译的内容与其他句子共同构成了一个语法正确达意清晰的句子。在这一阶段，考生还应该重点检查时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号、冠词和代词的使用以及主谓一致的等问题。
三、翻译的应试技巧：
1.恰当选词
在汉译英题型中，考生应注意恰当词语的选择。首先要尽量避免过于笼统的词语，选用其下义词或更确切的词语。
2.中英文句式之间的对应与转换
有些中文句子结构与含义可以对应英文中的某些句型。若考生可以恰当使用这些句型，可达到事半功倍的效果。
3.语态之间的转换
通常中文中的主语过于宽泛的时候，如“人们”，“别人”“这”等等，都可以转化成英文的被动语态，省略原来的主语。
例如：现在必须采取措施来保护环境。
译文：Measures should be adopted(taken)to protect the environment.4.词性的转换
1)名词转换成动词
例如：改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。(“拥护”是名词)
译文：The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.(“support”是动词)
2)动词转化成名词 新东方在线 [www.xiexiebang.com ]网络课堂电子教材系列
例如：他善于观察。(“观察”是动词)
译文：He is a good observer.(“observer”是名词)
3)名词转化成形容词
例如：这件事成功的可能性很小。(“可能性”是名词)
译文：It is unlikely to succeed.(“unlikely”是形容词)
4)形容词转化成名词
例如：在这紧张的时刻他感到非常紧张。(“紧张的”是形容词)
译文：The intensity of the moment filled his mind with intensity.(“intensity”是名词)
考生要把一段中文翻译成语言通顺的英语，不仅需要考生的单词量和单词拼写能力，而且语法也很重要了。因此，考生在准备四级翻译时除了注意相关词汇和短语的积累外，还应该注重基本语法的知识的积累。
第五篇：大学英语四级词汇 之 (N)
大学英语四级词汇 之（N）
no longer nail
['lɔŋgə]
不再
niece [ni:s]n.侄女，外甥女 night [nait]n.夜，夜间 nightmare nine
['naitmeə]
n.恶梦；经常的恐惧，可怕的事物
[neil]n.钉；指甲 v.钉，钉住
a.裸体的，毫无遮掩
n.名字，名称，名义 v.命名，取名；说出 ad.即，换句话说
naked ['neikid]name ['neim]namely ['neimli]nap
[nain]n.九
[ˌnain'ti:n]n.&a.十九
n.九十
a.第九 n.九分之一
nineteen
[næp]n.小睡，打盹
a.狭(窄)的，狭隘的a.肮脏的，卑劣的，下流的；恶意的，险恶的 ninety ['nainti]ninth [nainθ]nitrogen narrow ['nærəu]nasty ['nɑ:sti]['naitrədʒən]n.氮
nation ['neiʃən]n.民族，国家
national ['næʃənl]a.民族的，国家的，国民的nationality
[ˌnæʃə'næliti]n.国籍，民族
native ['neitiv]a.本国的，本地的，土生的 n.本地人 natural ['nætʃərəl]a.自然界的，天然的；自然的，天生的 naturally
['nætʃərəli]ad.自然而然地，不做作地，当然
nature ['neitʃə]n.自然，自然界；天性，本性，性质
naughty
['nɔ:ti]a.顽皮的，淘气的naval ['neivəl]a.海军的，军舰的，船的navigation
[ˌnævi'geiʃən]
n.领航；航空，航海；水上运输navy ['neivi]n.海军
near
[niə]ad.&a.近，接近prep.靠近，在...近旁
nearby ['niəbai]a.&ad.附近prep.在...附近nearly ['niəli]ad.差不多，几乎
neat
[ni:t]a.整洁的，简洁的；优美的，精致的necessarily ['nesisərili]ad.必然，必定 necessary ['nesisəri]a.必须的，必要的，必然的 n.必需品 necessity
[ni'sesiti]
n.必要性，必然性；必需品
neck [nek]n.颈，脖子 necklace
['neklis]
n.项链，项圈
need [ni:d]n.必须，需要；贫困，困窘 v.需要，必须 needle ['ni:dl]n.针，指针，针状物
needless ['ni:dləs]a.不需要的negative
['negətiv]
a.否定的，消极的，反面的neglect [ni'glekt]v.&n.忽视，忽略，疏忽 negotiate
[ni'gəuʃieit]vt.谈判达成，洽谈 vi.(与人就...)交涉
Negro ['ni:grəu]n.黑人 a.黑人的neighbor ['neibə]n.邻居 neighbour
['neibə]
n.邻居
neighborhood ['neibəhud]n.邻居，附近，周围；邻居关系 neighbourhood
['neibəhud]n.邻居，附近，周围；邻居关系neither ['naiðə, 'ni:ðə]a.&pron.两者都不，(两者)没有一个
nephew
['nevju:, 'nɛfju]
n.侄子，外甥
nerve [nə:v]n.神经；勇气，胆量，沉着，果断 nervous ['nə:vəs]
a.神经的；神经过敏的，紧张不安的nest [nest]n.巢，窝
net
[net]n.网，网状物 a.净，纯净的network ['netwə:k]
n.网络，广播网，关系网
neutral ['nju:trəl]a.中立的，中性的 never ['nevə]
ad.从不，决不，永不
nevertheless [ˌnevəðə'les]conj.然而，不过 ad.仍然，不过new
[nju:]a.新的，新近的；不熟悉的，没经验的newly ['nju:li]ad.新近，最近，重新 news [nju:z]n.新闻，消息
newspaper ['nju:sˌpeipə]
n.报纸，报
next [nekst]ad.其次，然后 a.紧接的，其次的，贴近的 nice
['nais]
a.好的，美的，令人愉快的no
[nəu]ad.不，不是 a.没有，并非，不许
no longer
['lɔŋgə]
不再
noble ['nəubəl]a.贵族的，高尚的nobody ['nəubədi]
pron.没有人，谁也不；小人物
nod
[nɔd]v.&n.点头，点头招呼；打盹，瞌睡
noise [nɔiz]n.噪声，吵嚷声，杂间 noisy ['nɔizi]
a.吵闹的，喧闹的none [nʌn]pron.没有人，没有任何东西；任何人都不 nonsense
['nɔnsəns]
n.胡说，废话
noodle ['nu:dl]
n.面条
noon [nu:n]n.正午，中午 nor
[nɔ:]conj.也不，又不
normal ['nɔ:məl]a.正常的，正规的，标准的normally
['nɔ:məli]
ad.正常地，一般地
north [nɔ:θ]a.&n.北，北方 ad.在北方，向北方 northeast [ˌnɔ:θ'i:st]a.&n.东北，东北部 ad.在东北，向东北 northern ['nɔ:ðən]
a.北的，北方的northwest
[ˌnɔ:θ'west]a.&n.西北，西北部 ad.在西北，向西北
nose [nəuz]n.鼻子；突出部分
not [nɔt]ad.不
note
[nəut]n.笔记，便条；注释，评论；钞票 v.注意
notebook ['nəutbuk]n.笔记本
nothing
['nʌθiŋ]
n.没有东西，什么也没有；无，零 ad.毫不notice ['nəutis]v.看到，注意到 n.通知，布告；注意，认识
noticeable
['nəutisəbəl]a.显而易见的，值得注意的notify ['nəutifai]vt.(正式)通知，报告 notion ['nəuʃən]n.观念，概念，想法 noun [naun]n.名词 novel ['nɔvəl]n.长篇小说
November [nəu'vembə]n.十一月
now
[nau]ad.现在，如今，目前；当时，于是，然后
nowadays ['nauədeiz]ad.现今，现在 nowhere
['nəuweə]
ad.任何地方都不(没有)
nuclear ['nju:kliə]a.原子核的，核心的，核的nuisance ['nju:səns]n.麻烦事，讨厌的人(或事)number ['nʌmbə]
n.数，数字，数目，号码
numerous
['nju:mərəs]a.数多的，大批的，无数的nurse [nə:s]n.保姆，护士，保育员 v.护理，养育，喂奶 nursery ['nə:səri]
n.托儿所，保育室
nut
[nʌt]n.坚果
nylon ['nailɔn]n.尼龙
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