同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲5篇

第一篇：同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲

同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲

本考试对教材不作统一规定，凡符合下列评价目标的课程及教材都适合考生应考复习。

一、评价目标

考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：

(一)语言知识

1．语法知识

考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2．词汇

考生应能掌握8000-10000左右的词汇以及相关词组。

(二)语言技能

1．阅读

考生应能读懂不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3％)，包括信函、书报杂志上的文章等。根据所读材料，考生应能：

1)理解主旨要义；

2)理解文中的具体信息；

3)理解文中的概念性含义；

4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申；

5)根据上下文推测生词的词义；

6)理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；

7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度；

8)区分论点和论据。

2.翻译(英译中)

考生应能将所给的文字材料译成汉语,理解正确,译文达意。

3.写作

考生应能正确使用4－5千英语词汇，熟练掌握相关英语习惯用法；应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一

般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。短文写作时，考生应能：

1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；

2)遵循文章的特定文体格式，做到行文流畅，词汇丰富，句式变化；

3)合理组织文章结构，使其中心突出，内容统一、上下文连贯；

4)根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语言。

二、考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构

(一)考试形式

考试形式为笔试。笔试考试时间为180分钟。满分为100分。

(二)笔试考试内容与试卷结构

笔试试题分四部分，包括词汇, 阅读理解, 翻译(英译中)和写作。第一部分词汇

该部分共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

主要测试考生的词汇量。要求考生根据所给的题目，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳答案，或填空。

第二部分阅读理解

该部分共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。主要考查考生理解具体信息、掌握文章大意、猜测生词词义并进行推断等能力。要求考生根据所提供的五--六篇文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。

第三部分翻译(英译中)

该部分考查考生的理解和翻译(英译中)能力。要求考生把所提供的一或两篇短文译成中文.共20分。

第四部分写作

该部分考查考生的书面表达能力。共1题，20分。

本部分要求考生掌握、应用一定的英语写作技巧，能即兴写作各种所学体裁的短文；提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。要求完成250-300个词以上的英文短文。

同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试样题

I Vocabulary（10%）

For each of the following sentences there are four choices.Choose the best one to complete the sentence.1.The directions were so ____ that it was impossible to complete the assignment.A)ingeniousB)ambitiousC)notoriousD)ambiguous

2.Our ________ host always enjoys having friends to share his Lucullan suppers.A)cursiveB)martialC)fractiousD)convivial

3.Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children ____a violent act previously seen on television.A)modifyingB)stimulatingC)acceleratingD)duplicating

4.This kind of material can _____heat and moisture.A)deleteB)compelC)repelD)constrain

5.The damage to his car was ____;therefore, he could repair it himself.A)considerableB)appreciableC)negligibleD)invisible

6.The ____of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.A)implementationB)expeditionC)demonstrationD)manifestation

7.One of the responsibilities of the Coast guard is to make sure that all ships _______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.A)cautiouslyB)dutifullyC)faithfullyD)skillfully

8.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be _______ the welfare of his animals.A)critical aboutB)indignant atC)indifferent toD)subject to

9.The chairman of the board _______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.A)compelledB)posedC)pressedD)tempted

10.Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _______ and lack of unity in style.A)conflictB)confrontationC)disturbanceD)disharmony

11.Corrupt politicians who condone the activities of the gamblers are equally _______.A)crypticB)esotericC)culpableD)occult

12.I don’t know the details for I just gave your manuscript only a(n)_______ glance.A)cursoryB)cumbrousC)onerousD)obscure

13.the Red Cross society helped _________ families to survive the war in the Persian Gulf.A)demureB)destituteC)assiduousD)sedate

14.the man felt ________ when the girl turned down his proposal of marriage.A)despondentB)fabulousC)dilapidatedD)fortuitous

15.the boy gave a ______ look at his classmate’s test paper when the teacher turned.A)frivolousB)furtiveC)freneticD)frigid

16.Rubber boots are ___________ to water.A)imperiousB)impetuousC)imperviousD)impeccable

17.Missiles were mounted at various points to _______ the enemy aircrafts.A)integrateB)jeopardizeC)interceptD)interrogate

18.Being careless, she had her arm _____ by the barbed wire.A)laceratedB)lamentedC)juggledD)bemoaned

19.The wrestler’s _______ maneuvers made it difficult for his opponent to obtain a hold.A)hermeticB)proteanC)titanicD)procrustean

20.Psychoanalysis can help a patient recall long-forgotten experiences lost in the ______ recess of his mind.A)labyrinthineB)chimericalC)iridescentD)mercurial

II Reading Comprehension(50%)

Passage 1

There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accomplished by an equivalent surge in industrial research.A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual invent-ors working alone, independent of organized industrial research.While industrial laboratories contributed such important products as nylon and transistors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, the jet engine, the helicopterminsulin, and streptomycin.Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television, silicons, and plexiglass were developed through the combined efforts of individuals and laboratory teams.Despite these findings, we are urged to support monopoly power on the grounds that such power creates an environment supportive of innovation.We are told that the independent inventor, along with the small firm, cannot afford to undertake the important research needed to improve our standard of living while protecting our diminishing resources;that only the prodigious assets of the giant corporation or conglomerate can afford the kind of expenditures that can produce the technological advances vital to economic progress.But when we examine expenditures for research, we find that of the more than $ 35 billion spent each year in this country, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government.More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into military research and product development, accounting for the enormous increase in spending in such industries as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, and electronics.There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, alternately, do much to protect our diminishing resources.Recent history has demonstrated that we may have to alter our longstanding conception of the process actuated by competition.The price variable, once perceived as the dominant aspect of the competitive process is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new business structure, and the new technology.While it can be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by a single corporation, investment in innovation--a risky and expensive budget item--might meet resistance from management and stockholders who might be more concerned with cost-cutting, efficient organization, and large advertising budgets, it would be an egregious error to assume that the monopolistic producer should be equated with bountiful expenditures for research.Large-scale enterprises tend to operate more comfortably in stable and secure circumstances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to promote the status quo and resist the threat implicit in change.Furthermore, the firm with a small share of the market will aggressively

pursue new techniques and different products, since with little vested interest in capital equipment or plant it is not deterred from in-vestment in innovation.In some cases, where inter-industry competition is reduced or even entirely eliminated, the industrial giants may seek to avoid capital loss resulting from obsolescence by deliberately obstructing technological progress.The conglomerates are not, however, completely exempt from strong competitive pressures;there are instances in which they, too, must compete, as against another industrial Goliath, and then their weapons may include large expenditures for innovation.16.According to the passage, important inventions of the twentieth century ________.A.are not necessarily produced as a result of governmental support for military weaponsresearch and development.B.came primarily from the huge laboratories of monopoly industries.C.were produced at least as frequently by independent inventors as by research teams.D.have greater impact on smaller firms than on conglomerates.17.It is the author's belief, as expressed or implied in the passage, that________.A.monopoly power creates an environment supportive of innovation.B.governmental protection for military research will do much to protect our dwindling resources.C.industrial giants, with their managerial bureaucracies, respond more quickly to technological change.D.firms with a small share of the market will aggressively pursue innovations because they are not locked into old capital equipment.18.Management and stockholders might be deeply concerned with cost cutting rather than innovation if _______.A.their company is faced with strong competition in a field not dominated by one of the industrial giants.B.they are very stable and secure and hold a monopoly position in their industry.C.they are part of the military-industrial complex and are the recipients of federal funds for product development.D.they have produced some of the important inventions of this century.19.Which of the following statements is neither expressed nor implied in the passage?

A.Important inventions have been produced, in he past, by individuals as well as by corporate teams.B.The federal government's research funds are funneled into pure research as well as military research.C.The development of the automatic transmission is not credited to organized industrialresearch.D.Industrial giants may deliberately suppress innovations to avoid capital loss resulting from obsolescence.20.The author's purpose in this passage is to____.A.advocate an increase in governmental support of organized industrial research.B.point out a common misconception about the relationship between the extent of industrial research and the growth of monopolistic power in industry.C.describe the inadequacies of small firms in dealing with the important matter of research and innovation.D.show that America's strength depends upon individual ingenuity and resourcefulness.III Translation from English into Chinese(20%)

Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy---ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy.I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined.This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what at last I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge.I have wished to understand the hearts of men.I have wished to know why the stars shine.A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward reward the heavens.But always pity brought me back to earth.Echoes of cries of pain reverberated in my heart.Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a haled burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be.I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.This has been my life.I have found it worth living, and I would gladly live it again if the chance were offered to me.IV Write a composition of 250—300 words on“A Solution to the Present Housing Problem”(20%)

第二篇：华中科技大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲

华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试大纲

总则

本大纲的各项规定作为华中科技大学博士研究生入学考试英语（第一外语）考试考题编写参考以及质量检查的依据。

考生对象

本大纲的考生对象是参加华中科技大学博士研究生入学考试并把英语作为第一外语的全国考生。

考试时间及记分

本考试采取百分制记分，满分为100分；考试时间为180分钟。

一、考试目的博士研究生入学英语考试是为了考察考生的实际英语应用能力是否达到非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲中《硕士研究生英语教学与考试》规定的要求。考试成绩用于博士研究生的入学选拔。

二、考试设计

本考试共分为四部分：完形填空（10％）、阅读理解（40％）、英汉互译（30％）和英语写作（20％）。

1.完形填空（10％）

本部分测试考生的语言知识及综合运用能力。测试内容包括词汇的认知能力、搭配知识的掌握，句法结构的理解和篇章阅读、分析能力。本部分给出一篇约200单词的短文，文中留出10处空白，每空为一题，设4个备选答案。要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从中挑选一个最佳选项，使短文的内容和结构完整合理。

2.阅读理解（40％）

本部分测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获取信息的能力，即对阅读材料的细节、事实、要点、作者观点和态度的理解能力。题材包括社会、文化、史地、科普及人物传记等内容，体裁涉及叙事、议论、描述、说明和应用文等。该部分给出4篇约500单词的文章，每篇文章后面附5个问题，每个问题设四个备选答案。要求考生根据文章内容从每题选出一个最佳选项。

3.英汉互译（30％）

本部分测试考生的英汉互译能力。考试形式为翻译段落划线部分，原文内容涉及社会、文化、史地和科普知识。要求考生将200-250汉字长度的中文段落划线部分准确地翻译成通顺的英文，以及将相当长度的英文段落划线部分准确翻译成通顺的中文。

4.英语写作（20％）

本部分测试考生的英语书面表达能力。要求考生根据给出的题目和提纲，或者根据情景或图表自拟题目，用英语写出一篇约200单词的短文。要求作文切题、意义连贯、文字通顺，并符合英文表达习惯。

华中科技大学外国语学院

第三篇：华中科技大学博士研究生入学《偏微分方程》考试大纲

华中科技大学博士研究生入学《偏微分方程》考试大纲

（代码：2284）

1、考试科目：《分形几何》

2、答题方式：闭卷、笔试

3、答题时间：180分钟

4、总分：100分

5、考试内容

Hausdorff测度与Hausdorff维数，闵可夫斯基容度、预测度及相关各种维数，Packing测度与Packing维数，自相似集，递归集，分形的乘积与投影

第四篇：华中科技大学博士研究生入学《化学综合》考试大纲

华中科技大学博士研究生入学《化学综合》考试大纲

（代码：2303）

化学综合分为无机化学、分析化学、有机化学、物理化学、高分子化学五部分，每部分50分，考生自选2部分答题，总分100分。多选不加分。

无机化学部分

1.2.3.4.无机化学的基本理论: 原子及分子结构，化学键理论 配位化学 金属有机化学 原子簇化学

分析化学部分

1.光学分析技术

2.色谱分析

3.电化学分析

有机化学部分

1.有机化学基本结构理论

2.取代基效应

3.有机酸碱

4.立体化学

5.芳香性

6.各类有机反应及其机理。

物理化学部分

1.2.3.4.5.6.化学热力学 化学动力学 化学平衡和相平衡 电化学 表面及胶体化学 催化化学

高分子化学部分

1.高分子化学的基本理论: 概念与命名、反应类型与分子量、微观结构和聚集态基础

2.自由基聚合与共聚合基础

3.离子聚合基础

4.逐步聚合基础

5.聚合物化学反应基础

第五篇：华中科技大学博士研究生入学《药物化学》考试大纲

华中科技大学博士研究生入学《药物化学》考试大纲

（代码：2819）

第一部分考试说明

一、考试性质

药物化学考试科目是我校为招收药物化学专业博士研究生而设置的，由我校药学院命题。考试的评价标准是普通高等学校药学及相近专业优秀硕士毕业生能达到的及格或及格以上水平。

考试对象为符合国家教育部及我校招收博士研究生有关规定的参加全国硕士研究生入学统一考试的各类人员。

二、考试的学科范围

应考范围包括：与药物作用靶标、药物作用的分子机制、构效关系及药物设计、修饰与改造、药物在体内的转运及代谢等药物化学基本原理，同时对于感染性疾病药物、抗肿瘤药物、作用于中枢神经系统、外周神经系统、心血管系统、胃肠道系统、内分泌系统的药物及麻醉药物等药物的类型、作用机制、构效关系、药物的合成方法及注意事项等。

三、考试形式与试卷结构

(一)答卷方式：闭卷，笔试；

(二)答题时间：180分钟；

(三)各部分内容的考查比例（满分为100分）

药物化学基本原理：约20%

约15%

约15% 感染性疾病和癌症药物： 中枢神经系统疾病及疼痛药物：

外周神经系统疾病及麻醉药物：约10%

心血管系统疾病药物：约15%

肠胃道系统疾病药物：约10%

内分泌系统疾病药物：约10%

化学文献及进展：

(四)题型比例

名词解释 约30%约5%

填空题

简答题 约30% 约40%

第二部分考查要点

一、药物化学基本原理

1.先导化合物的定义、来源及发现

2.先导化合物的优化方法；

3.药物分子设计的策略

4．药物代谢过程及相关的酶

5．药物代谢反应的类型

6．药物的性质、作用机制与药效

7．药物构效关系研究方法

二、药物治疗领域一：作用于感染性疾病和癌症的药物

1.抗肿瘤药物的类型、作用靶点、作用机制、构效关系及常用药物的应用范围及合成，2、抗病毒药物的发展

3.抗菌药物的类型、作用靶点、作用机制、构效关系及常用药物的应用范围及合成，4.抗寄生虫药物的类型及发展

5.抗生素类药物的发展、定义、类别、作用机制及存在问题，常用抗生素类药物

三、药物治疗领域二：作用于中枢神经系统疾病和疼痛的药物

1.镇静催眠药物的类别、作用机制，常用药物

2.抗精神失常药物的发展、类别

3.神经退行性疾病的类别、老年痴呆症和帕金森症药物的作用靶点、作用机制及常用药物

4.阿片样镇痛药的应用及发展、类别及常用药物

5.非甾体抗炎药的作用机制、发展、类别、常用药物及合成；痛风治疗药物的类别。

四、药物治疗领域三：作用于外周神经系统疾病的药物及麻醉药物

1.胆碱能神经系统药物的作用靶点、作用机制及相关药物

2.去甲肾上腺素的生物合成、代谢及作用；肾上腺素能药物的作用靶点、类别及应用

3.麻醉药物的类型，局部麻醉药物的类别、作用机制及构效关系

五、药物治疗领域四：作用于心血管系统疾病的药物

1.与心血管系统相关的疾病类别

2.抗心律失常药物的类别，作用于离子通道药物的类别、应用范围、作用机制、常用药物及其合成3.抗心绞痛药物的类别、作用机制、常用药物、钙通道阻滞剂的类别、构效关系

4.抗高血压药物的作用靶点、药物类别、常用药物；ACE抑制剂、血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂的类别、构效关系；血管舒张剂

5.调节血脂的方法，降低TG和VLDL的药物类别、苯氧乙酸类药物的构效关系；他汀类药物的作用机制与构效关系。胆固醇吸收抑制剂的作用原理

6.强心类药物的类别，强心苷类药物的发展、构效关系；磷酸二酯酶抑制剂的作用机制。

7.抗血小板药物的作用靶点、常用药物；抗凝血药物的作用机制、常用药物

8．利尿药的作用靶点、类别、作用及常用药物

六、药物治疗领域五：作用于胃肠道系统疾病的药物

1.抗溃疡药物作用的靶点、类型；H2受体拮抗剂的构效关系；

2.胃动力药物的类别

3.止吐药物的作用机制、类别

七、药物治疗领域六：作用于内分泌系统疾病的药物

1.抗变态反应的作用靶点、药物类别

2.甾体类药物的结构类型及命名；甾体激素的、作用机制、受体及结构，相关药物及应用；甾体药物的合成方法

3.降糖药物的类别、作用机制及相关药物