历年六级翻译(2012.12 六级备考)[精选]

第一篇：历年六级翻译(2012.12 六级备考)[精选]

Part Ⅵ Translation(5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。

2012年6月没有折扣的情况下值80美元).面对来自其他公司的激烈竞争), the automobile manufacturer is considering launching a promotion campaign._____(几乎没有什么共同之处).我才认识到仅凭运气是不能成功的).更多的物种就可能已经在地球上灭绝了).2011年12月

82.You shouldn't have run across the road without looking, you(也许会被车撞到)

83.他把自己当成专家)although he knows a lot about the field.84He doesn't appreciate the sacrifice his friends have made for him,.(把他们所做的视作理所应当)

85.Janet told me that she would rather her mother 不干涉她的婚姻)

86.经常上网查找信息)

2011年6月

宁愿停下来欣赏美丽的景色)than just go on.任何一方都不肯放弃自己的立场)本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的), but he didn’t follow the doctor’s advice and take them regularly.；I really feel obliged to you.重聚）

2010年12月

82.in dealing with this matter.83.（我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的）。

84.Much，the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected.85.Oh，my，I can’t find my key。

86．than go to the beach for a holiday.2010年6月 他们的独生儿子从未想过)to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties.（权衡你的决定会产生的后果）.84.He assured his friend that under no circumstances（他会违背还钱的承诺）.（不要沉溺于电脑游戏）.86.Business major as he is, he has _（从未考虑过从事推销员的工作）

2009年12月 这要看你多长时间穿一次).对许多传统概念的一种挑战).本可以亲自参加会议)，but he was called away for some urgent business abroad.均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的).86.Much 我感到遗憾), I was unable to finish the work on time.2009年6月 说服他不买车).(保持幽默感有助于)reduce stress and promote creative thinking in today’s competitive society.他不得不坦白自己的恶行).85.When people say, “I can feel my ears burning,” it means they think(一定有人在说他们的坏话).很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑).2008年12月(把美观与功能完美地结合起来).(本能地知道该走哪条路).84.I don’t think it advisable that par剥夺孩子们的自由)to spend their spare time as they wish.(与不那么活跃的人相比灭亡率要低).86.Your resume should attract a would-be boss’s attention by demonstrating 为什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选).2008年6月毕生致力于诗歌的人): they are passionate, impulsive, and unique.83.Mary couldn’t have received my letter, 否则她上周就该回信了).做完化学实验)at least two weeks ago.老两口互相争吵)since they were married 40 years ago.一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于)the quality of education of its people.2007年12月我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便).没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的了).但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因).而动物的行为主要依靠本能).他都不应该对法庭说谎）.

第二篇：六级翻译

(一）《孙子兵法》（The Art of War）是中国古代最重要的一部军事著作之一，是我国优秀传统文化重要组成部分。孙子（Sun Tzu），即该书作者，在书中揭示的一系列具有普遍意义的军事规律，不仅受到军事家们的推崇，还在经济领域，领导艺术，人生追求甚至家庭关系等诸多方面，均有广泛的指导作用。《孙子兵法》中许多名言警句（epigram），富有哲理，意义深远，在国内外广为流传。如今《孙子兵法》中的语言，在世界军事史上具有重要地位。

译点精析：

1、普遍意义的——universal，军事规律——military laws

2、具有广泛的指导作用——play an extensive guiding role.“广泛的”还可以翻译为far-reaching或broad

3、人生追求——the pursuit of life

4、名言警句——famous sayings and epigrams5、意义深远——have profound meanings

6、广为流传—— be widely circulated。”流传“还可用spread表示

参考译文：The Are of War is one of the most important ancient Chinese military literary works,and serves as an important part of outstanding traditional culture in China.Sun Tzu,The author of the book,revealed a series of universal military laws which are not only valued by militarists but also play an extensive guiding role in several fields such as economy,art of leadership,the pursuit of life and even family relationship.There are a lot of famous sayings and epigrams in The Art of War that are rich in wisdom and have profound meanings and are thus widely circulated both at home and abroad.Nowadays The Art of War has been translated into many languages and it also plays an important role in the military history of the world.（二）太极（Tai Chi）是中国文化史上的一个重要概念。太极拳（traditional Chinese shadow boxing）包含一系列缓慢的动作，旨在修炼身心。它是一种舞蹈却不需要随音乐起舞，你只需聆听内心的节奏。太极拳是中国武术（martial art）的一种，他创自数千年前，原本是一种自卫的技艺。全世界成千上万人练习它，主要是由于它对人类健康的神奇作用。因为他将身体动作，平静、冥想（meditative）心境结合起来，所以他长被称作“冥想运动（meditation in motion）”。

【译点精析】

修炼身心——physical and spiritual practice或者physical and mental practice。

不需要音乐起舞——dot no need to dance to music,其中dance...to固定表达，随着...起舞

一种自卫技艺——a self-defensive skill,defensive 译为防御的，防卫的。

它对人类健康的神奇作用——its miraculous effects on human’s health

将身体动作，平静、冥想（meditative）心境结合起来——combines the body’s movements with the calm and meditative state of mind。将...与...结合起来可译为combine...with...state of mind心境

【参考译文】

Tai Chi is a significant notion in Chinese cultural history.Traditional Chinese shadow boxing includes a series of slow movements aiming at the physical and spiritual practice.It is a kind of dance but you do not need to dance to music.You just need to listen to the rhythm of your heart.Traditional Chinese shadow boxing is a kind of Chinese martial art.It was created thousands of years ago and originally used as a selfdefensive skill.It is practiced by thousands of people around the world mostly because of its miraculous effects on human’s health.It is often called “meditation in motion”because it combines the body’s movement-s with the calm and meditative state of mind.（三）电子书（e-book）通常指数字化出版物，它可以包含文字、图片、声音、影像或几者兼有。现在人们经常使用智能手机（smartphone）、平板电脑（tablet）或者专门为电子书制造的电子阅读器来阅读电子书。电子书内容丰富，便于存储，而且价格低廉，有助于阅读的普及。从传统意义上讲，电子书是纸质书的电子化，但现在许多电子书并没有纸质的对应物。电子书以数字形式存储，因此人们随时都可以阅读。2012年，美国电子书的销量首次超过精装书（handcover book）。

[译点精析]

1、数字化译为digitized，而不是digital，是要强调动作概念。

2、专门为...制造译为specially made for...3、阅读的普及：the popularity of reading

4、版本的英文表达version，纸质书译为printed books

5、纸质的对应物：”对应物“可译为equivalent

6、超过：可用surpassed表示，还可以用exceed表示 冲刺备考建议

首先，在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，特别化。常用的简单的表达方式尽量不要用了，选择一些不常用的复杂一点的表达方式会让我们的翻译内容显得更有水平。

其次，掌握重点核心表达，多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。这样不仅可以扩展思维、开阔思路，同时可以提高自己的写作水平。

最后，分析历年真题，强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等。

翻译原文：E-books generally refer to digitized publications.They can include words,pictures,sounds,images,or a combination of two or more.Now people often read e-books with smartphones,tablets,or e-books readers that are specially made for e-books.E-books have colorful contents and are convenient to store.Their prices are cheap and they are conductive to the popularity of reading.E-books are traditionally believed as an electronic version of the printed books.but now many e-books exist without any printed equivalent.E-books are stored digitally,so they can be read at any time.In 2012,e-books sales in the United States surpassed hardcover book sales for the first time.（四）孔子是中國著名的思想家，教育家，以及儒教（Confucianism）的創立者。他的學說深刻影響了中國兩千多年的歷史。孔子因其哲學家思想而著名，他在當時說過很多著名的言論。這些言論幫助人們認識自然，世界和人類行為。他也幫助過政府和帝王。孔子教他們如何成功管理自己的王國。孔子的言論主要收錄在《孔子論語》（Analects of Confucius）一書中。它們反映了孔子政治和道德觀。

Confucius is a famous ancient Chinese thinker ,educator ,and founder of Confucianism which deeply influences China for more than two years.Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China.Those sayings helped people learn about nature ,world ,and human behavior.He also helped the government and the emperor.He taught them lessons on how to rule his kingdom successfully.Confucius's thoughts were mainly collected in the Analects of Confucius.They relects Confucius's thoughts on politics and ethics.解析：

第二句的學說即是儒教，所以可以用定語從句將其與第一句連接起來。影響可以說influence，have an influence on···

Be famous for=be known for因···而著名。

Teach sb.Sth.教某人某事

（五）京剧（Peking Opera）已有200多年的历史，是中国的国剧。与其他地方戏相比，京剧享有更高的声誉，但其实京剧融合了多种地方戏的元素。京剧演员的脸谱（facial make-up）和戏服都很精美，相比之下舞台布景则十分简单，表演者主要应用四种技能：唱、念、做、打。京剧较擅长于表现历史题材的政治，军事斗争，故事大多取自历史演义和小说话本（historic and fictional stories）。在古代，京剧大多是在户外演出的，因此演员们形成了一种有穿透力的唱腔，以便每个人都能听到。

【译点精析】

1,享有更高的声誉——enjoys a higher reputation

2, 戏服——costume

3,相比之下——by contrast

4,舞台布景——backdrop，如果不知道这个词，也可以用background。

5,政治军事斗争——political and military struggle，斗争还可译为battle。

6,在户外——in the open air或者outdoors。

7,形成可用develop表示，而不用shape或form。”有穿透力的“译为piercing。唱腔乍看可能不好翻译，其实就是歌唱的风格，即style of song。

【参考译文】

Peking Opera,as the national opera of China,has a history of more than 200 years.Compared with other Chinese local operas,Peking Opera enjoys a higher reputation,but actually it absorbed many elements of other local operas.The facial make-up and costumes of the performers are very delicate;by contrast,the backdrops are quite plain.During performance,the performers mainly utilize four skills:song,speech,dance,and combat.Peking Opera is better at performing political and military struggle with historical themes and the performed stories are mainly from historic and fictional stories.In ancient times,Peking Opera was mostly performed in the open air,so the performers developed a piercing style of song that could be heard by everyone.自驾游（self-driving tour）属于自助旅游的一种类型，是近年来我国新兴的旅游方式，以自由、灵活、富有个性化等突出特点被旅游者接受和喜爱。自驾游在选择目的地、参与旅程设计和体验自由等方面，给旅游者提供了极大的灵活性，与传统的参团旅游（group tour）相比更具有自身的特点和魅力。随着自驾旅游者增多，自驾游市场已经成形，越来越多的旅行社、汽车俱乐部、汽车租赁公司（car rental companies）看好这个市场，并涉足这一市场的开发。

【译点精析】

1、自助旅游——self-help travel/self-service travel

2、新兴的旅游方式——a new travel mode/a new way of travel

3、自由、灵活、富有个性化等突出特点——striking characteristics of being free,flexible and personalized。striking——显著的，突出的

4、提供了极大的灵活性——provides travelers with great flexibility5、目的地——target place/destination

6、看好这个市场，并涉足这一市场的开发——are optimistic about this market and get involved in the development of the market，其中“看好”——are optimistic about表示“对...持乐观态度”“涉足”——get involved in

【参考译文】

Self—driving tour,a sort of self—help travel,is a new travel mode in China in recent years.It has won traveler's acceptance and love for its striking characteristics of being free,flexible and personalized.It provides travelers with great flexibility in selecting target place,participating in devising travel procedures and experiencing freedom,which endows it with its own characteristics and charm compared with traditional group tour.As self—driving tourists increase,self—driving tour market has taken shape.More and more travel agencies,car clubs and car rental companies are optimistic about this market and get involved in the development of the market.颐和园是世界上保存最完整的皇家园林，也是当今中国最大的皇家园林。它坐落于北京西北部的郊区，占地290公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖构成。在1998年12月，联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)将颐和园列入《世界遗产名录》。该名录宣称“颐和园的人工景观与自然景观和谐地融为一体，堪称中国风景园林设计中的创造性杰作”。

The Summer Palace is regarded as the best-preserved imperial garden in the world,and is the largest of its kind in modern-day China.Situated in the northwestern outskirts of Beijing,the

palace occupies an area of 290 hectares and consists mainly of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.In December 1998 , UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List.It declared

the Summer Palace an“ outstanding expression of the creative art of Chinese Landscape Garden Design,incorporating the works of humankind and nature in a harmonious whole.”

汉语多重复，而英语则常常需要避免重复，因此在翻译重复的汉语是，多采用桶词异译法，或者采用代词来进行替代。该句中of its kind来翻译重复的皇家园林。最后一句，对原文据需进行了调整，原文的两个分句是因果关系，而译文采用了伴随性定语从句来翻译。

第三篇：六级翻译

时光的唯一作用就在于它筛出了糟粕，因为只有真正优秀的文学作品才能存留下来。那些杰出的伟人不会从这个世界消失，它们的灵魂保存在书本里，云游四方。书是活的声音，它所包含的智慧今人依然聆听。因此，我们依然时刻受到过去伟人的影响。那些世界巨匠像过去一样活在人世间。

The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products;for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.The great and good do not die from this world.Embalmed in books,their spirits walk abroad.The book is a living voice.It is an intellect to which one still listens.The great and the good will be always remembered as time goes by.书籍具有不朽的精神，他们是迄今为止人类所创造持续最久的产品。宇宙会损坏，塑像会颓废，但是书籍却能常存人间。对于思想而言，时间并不重要，它们今天让然能同多年前第一次在作者的头脑中刚刚产生时那样鲜活。当年的话语和思想如今依然通过书本在向我们生动的述说。

Books possess the essence of immortality.They are by far the most lasting products of human effort.The universe can be damaged,temples and statues decay,but books survive.Time is of no account with great thoughts,which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author's minds ages ago.What was then said an thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page.老年为少年之过来人，少年为老年之候补者，老与少，只不过时间上之差别而已。然中国习惯，对老少之间，往往划有无形界限。在客观上，有时重老而轻少，有时重少而轻老。在主观上，老者自恃其老，少年自矜其少。几千年来，遂形成老者自以为持重练达而菲薄少年为少不更事；而少年自以为新锐精进而轻蔑老者为老朽昏庸。此真所谓偏颇两失之见也。Old Age and Young The aged are the antecedents of the young, and the young are the candidates of the aged.The difference between age and youth is only a matter of time.But, according to the Chinese custom, there is always an invisible line of demarcation between them.Objectively speaking,sometimes the aged are held in esteem and the young are made light of;sometimes it is just the other way round.Subjectively speaking, the aged are self-conceited because of their good old age, while the young think no small beer of their own youth.For thousands of years it has been assumed that the aged, thinking themselves experienced and more skillful, look down upon the young for their greenness in worldly affairs, while the young, thinking themselves fresh in life and more energetic, call the aged old fogies.Either of these views, of course, is far from being impartial.《红楼梦》问世二百年以来,通过汉文原文和各种译文读过此书的人,不知有多少亿！这么多的读者哪一个是先看批评家的文章,然而再让批评家牵着鼻子走,按图索骥地去读原作呢?我看是绝无仅有的。一切文学作品,特别是象《红楼梦》这样伟大的作品,内容异常地丰富,涉及到的社会层面异常地多,简直象是一个宝山，一座迷宫。而读者群就更加复杂，他们来读《红楼梦》，会各就自己的特点，欣赏该书中的某一个方面，受到鼓舞，受到启发，引起了喜爱；也可能受到打击，引起了憎恶。总之是千差万别。Ever since the publication of

A Dream of Red Mansions some 200 years ago, hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or its translations in various languages.Of these innumerable people, how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics' articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel? Next to none.All literary works, especially a monumental

one like A Dream of Red Mansions, are extremely rich in content and involve diverse social strata-to such an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or a labyrinth.And the readers are even more complicated, differing from each other in family background.They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novel according to their own individuality.They may feel inspired and enlightened, and hence love it, or they may feel hurt, and hence loathe it.In short, there actions vary.一个好青年必须身体健康。无论从事什么行业，健康的身体才是成功的基础。它使我们能够努力工作，坚定不移；使我能够奋斗，坚持下去。除此之外，我们更能适应当前的工作，能为成功而奋斗，能够忍受艰苦，能够报效国家。一个好青年必须培养良好，高尚的品格。很多学问渊博的人误入歧途。他们对社会甚至对国家的破坏大于贡献。他们只追求自己的利益，而不知道道德为何物。这个观点看来，“德行”对一个优秀青年更为重要。对于一个好青年来说，学问是自己的事，不能依靠别人。

A good young man must have a healthy body condition.No matter what kind of job you engaged in,a healthy body is the base of success.It makes us work hard and unswervingly;it makes us endeavor and insist.Besides these,we can adapt to the present job better,fight for the success,bear the hardships and serve our country.A good young man must cultivate a fine and lofty character..Many learned people go astray and the harm they have done to the society or even the country exceeds his dedication.They only chased after their personal interests without knowing what the morality is.From this point of view,“morality”is more important to an excellent young man.To a good young man,knowledge is his own business,and he can not depend on others.九寨沟的山水风光，纵有万丽千奇，一旦离开原始的自然美，就一切都没有了。”他们的见解是精辟的。当你步入沟中，便可见树正群海荡漾生辉，瀑布舒洒碧玉。一到金秋，满山枫叶绛红。盛夏，湖山幽翠。仲春，树绿花艳„四时都呈现出它的天然原始，宁静幽深。All the beauty of Jiuzhaigou is endowed by nature.If the natural charm were removed, there would be no more of Jiuzhaigou.Mystic lakes and sparkling waterfalls captivate your eyes as you enter the ravine.The trees are their greenest in spring when intensified by colorful flowers.In summer, warm tints spread over the hills and lake lands.As summer merges into autumn, the maple trees turn fiery-red, splashing color through the thickly forested hills.Tranquility pervades primitive Jiuzhaigou throughout the year.近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。

亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。

In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development.To change their destiny,the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle.Asia's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the industrious and talented Asian people.The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging

path of development that is universally applicable.They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.截至2003年12月，欧盟15个成员国来华投资项目数已达16158个，合同外资金额约650亿美元，实际投入378亿美元。与此同时，中国的一些大企业如联想、海尔、华为、TCL等，也开始在欧盟投资设厂或成立营销、研发中心。欧盟还一直是中国引进先进技术和设备的重要来源。中国与欧盟在先进技术，尤其是高科技产品方面的合作有助于欧盟扩大对华出口，也有利于中国企业产业升级、技术更新，符合双方利益，具有很大的发展空间。

By the end of December 2003, the 15 members of the EU had altogether invested in 16,158 projects in China with the contractual investment worth of US$ 65 billion and with the actually utilized investment ofUS$ 37.8 billion.At the same time, some of China's big companies like Lenovo, Haier, Huawei Technologyand TCL have started to make investment in the EU member states to establish plants or marketing, R centers.The EU has always been an important source of technology and equipment import for China.The Sino-EU cooperation in the field of advanced technologies,especially the new and high-tech products, helps expand the EU export to China and also helps Chinese enterprises upgrade their industries, renovate their technologies.All these are in the interests of both sides and have considerable space for further growth.尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋等都是中国制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美或日本完成的。中国公司制造自己品牌的产品时，通常是模仿国外。但如今不同了，他们都想开创自己的品牌。随着中国公司在设计上的改进，跨国公司意识到，他们的产品需要专门针对中国消费者的品味进行“量身定做”了。这些使中国设计产业开始繁荣起来。

Although large numbers of global electronic products and shoes are made in China,the design of these products are finished by Europe and America of Japan.In the past,the Chinese companies usually imitated foreign countries when producing their own brand products.But nowadays it is all different.They want to create their own brand.Along with the design improvement of the Chinese companies,the multination companies realize that their product need to be “tailored”to be the taste of Chinese consumers.All of these make the Chinese design industry become prosperous.我们的现代化建设，必须从中国的实际出发。无论是革命还是建设，都要注意学习和借鉴外国经验。但是，照抄照搬别国经验、别国模式，从来不能得到成功。这方面我们有过教训。把马克思主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起来，走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义，这就是我们总结长期历史经验得出的基本结论。

Our country's modernization must start from the reality of China.Either on the revolution of the construction we need to learn and draw the experience from the foreign countries.But we will never win the success if we mechanically copy other countries' experience or formats.We have already had the lesson in this aspect.It is the basic conclusion which we summarized the long-term historical experience that we should combine the Marxism's universal truth with out specific situation together,walking on our own roads and building up the socialism with Chineseaharacteristic.

第四篇：六级翻译

北京有无数的胡同。胡同的意思就是小巷子。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。它反映了社会的变迁。随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同将成为人们的记忆。

In Beijing,there are many Hutongs, which mean small lanes.The life of ordinary people in these lanes contributes greatly to the charm of Beijing, the ancient capital.Usally, there is a courtyard complex inside the Hutong, with rooms for an average of 4 to 10 families of about 20 members.So life at the Hutong is that of a friendly and interpersonal communication.Hutong is the living environment of ordinary Bejing natives.It is also an art of architecture.It reflects the changes of the society.With the rapid development of the society and economy, many Hutongs will live only in people’s memory.端午节，又称龙舟节，为每年农历五月初五。端午节起源于中国，最初是我国以祛病防疫的节日，后来传说爱国诗人屈原在这一天死去，也同时成了中国汉族人民纪念屈原的传统节日。端午节有吃粽子，赛龙舟等主要习俗。特别是赛龙舟的习俗受到普遍的欢迎，因为它不仅是一种体育娱乐活动，更体现出人们心中的爱国主义和集体主义精神

Duanwu Festival, also called The Dragon-boat Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar.It originated in China as a festival for the Chinese people to prevent and get rid of diseases.Later on, it was said that Quyuan, the patriotic poet, died on this day and it became a traditional festival in memory of Quyuan for the Chinese Han people.Eating zongzi and racing dragon boats are the main customs of Duanwu Festival.Especially, dragon boat racing is very popular, for it is not only an activity of sports and recreation, but also embodies people’s patriotism and collectivism.中医是我国的传统医学，起源于大约6000年前的神农氏时代。中医学在长期的发展过程中，逐渐形成了一套医学原则和观点。中医认为“万物人为贵”。中医师通过了解人与自然以及人体各部位之间的种种关系来诊断和治疗人的疾病。中医有完整的理论体系和临床治疗办法，其独特的疗效和科学体系赢得了全世界的广泛赞誉。The Chinese medicine, known as “traditional Chinese medicine” in China, originated about 6000 years ago, in the era of Shennong, a famous herbal medicine master in ancient China.During the long-term development, the traditional Chinese medicine has gradually formed a set of medical principles and concepts.Traditional Chinese medicine holds that nothing compares to a human life.Traditional Chinese medical doctors diagnose and treat the patients’ diseases through finding out the relationship between man and nature, and among the various parts of the human body.Traditional Chinese medicine has developed a complete theoretical system and complete clinical treatment approaches.And it wins widespread praises all over the world because of its unique effectiveness and its scientific nature.文化是一个国家的面孔。在中国文化输出的过程中，中华民族这个巨人给世界带去了物质和精神文化大餐。在中国文化对外传播的历史道路上，丝绸、瓷器、茶叶、科技发明这些物质文明符号，带动了世界的进步，而“四书”、“五经”等典籍所倡导的中庸、守信、谦和、善治等精神则在世界上树立了中国的精神符号。Culture is a country’s face.During the course of Chinese culture output, the giant of the Chinese nation has taken to the world the cultural feast of both materials and spirit.On the historical path of the foreign communication of the Chinese culture, such signs of material civilization as silk, china, tea, and scientific and technological inventions led the world’s progress.Meanwhile, such spirit as the golden mean, faith keeping, modesty and gentleness and good governance initiated in the classic works of the Four Books, the Five Classics, etc, established the signs of the Chinese spirit in the world.我们将大力促进亚洲和世界发展繁荣。新世纪以来，中国已成为众多周边国家的最大贸易伙伴、最大出口市场、重要投资来源地。中国同亚洲和世界的利益融合达到前所未有的广度(scope)和深度。当前和今后一个时期，中国经济将继续保持健康发展的势头，国内需求特别是消费需求将持续扩大，对外投资也将大幅增加。中国越发展，越能给亚洲和世界带来发展机遇。

China will strongly promote development and prosperity in both Asia and the world.Since the beginning of this new century, China has become the largest trading partner, the biggest export market and a major source of investment of many neighboring countries.China’s interests have never been so closely connected with those of the rest of Asia and the world in both scope and depth.At present and in the future period, China will continue to maintain its healthy growth trend.Its domestic demand, particularly consumption-driven demand will continue to grow and its investment in foreign countries will increase greatly.The more China develops, the more developing opportunities it will bring to Asia and the world.建设生态文明是关系人民福祉、关系民族未来的大计。中国要实现工业化、城镇化、信息化、农业现代化、必须要走出一条新的发展道路。中国明确把生态环境保护摆在更加突出的位置。我们需要金山银山，更要绿水青山。我们决不能一牺牲生态环境为代价换取经济的一时发展。我们提出了建设生态文明、建设美丽中国的战略任务，给子孙留下天蓝、地绿、水净的美好家园。

The construction of ecological civilization is important for the happiness of the Chinese people and the future of the Chinese nation.To realize industrialization, urbalization, informationization and agricultural modernization, China must find a new development path out.China makes it clear to put the protection of ecological environment in a more outstanding postion.We need mountains pf gold and silver, but we also need green mountains and waters more.We mustn’t gain the temporary economic development at the expense of the ecological environment.Thus, we put forward the strategic task of constructing ecological civilization and a beautiful China, leaving our descendants a beautiful home with blue sky, green land and clear water.中国作为文明古国，同样有着辉煌的城市发展史。著名的《清明上河图》(Riverside Scene during Qingming Festival)，就生动地描绘了12世纪中国商业城市开封的繁荣景象。中国的城市也具有自身特色。改革开放30多年来，中国工业化、城镇化步伐明显加快，城镇居民从1.7亿人增加到7亿人，形成了一批有重要影响和发展活力的城市群(city cluster)，促进了经济发展和社会进步。

China, a country with an ancient civilization, also has a brilliant history of urban development.The famous painting Riverside Scene During the Qingming Festival vividly captures the life of Kaifeng, a commercial city in China in the 12^th century.Chinese cities also have their own characteristics.Since the launching of the reform and opening-up program over 30 years ago, China has quickened the pace of industrialization and urbalization, with urban pollution increasing from 170 million to some 700 million, forming a number of city clusters with strong influence and developing vigor, which has promoted economic development and social progress.“学习”这两个字是由中国的孔夫子首先讲的。他是一个伟大的教育家。他自己学习十分努力，又有了多年的教学经验，就总结出这么一句话：“学而时习之，不亦乐乎？”这是“学习”一词的来源。任何人要获得新知识，途径只有一条，那便是“学”。但要使它成为自己的东西，就必须“习”。孔子的话，在今天仍然具有教育意义。The two characters “xue”and “xi” were first used by China’s Confucius, who was a great educator.Studying hard himself, and having many years’ experience of teaching, he summed up the question in one sentence: “isn’t it enjoyable to learn something and to review it often?” And that’s the origin of the word “xuexi”, which means “study”.There is only one way for anyone to acquire new knowledge, and that’s

“learning”.But one must review it to turn it into something of his own.So Confucius’ teaching is still instructive today.在外国民众看来，最能代表中国文化的就是中餐、中国功夫、大红灯笼和京剧这样一些符号。全世界有中国人的地方，大都会有中国餐馆，而中国餐馆又大都会有大红灯笼，或是挂着中国功夫的图片或是播放着中国京剧。很多外国人喜爱这些中国文化的符号。这些老符号有着很大的魅力，有助于传播中国文化或打造中国形象。

To people from the foreign countries, what can best represent the Chinese culture are such signs as Chinese meals, Chinese gongfu, the red lantern, and Peking opera.In the world, where there are Chinese people, there are Chinese restaurants, where red lanterns or pictures of Chinese gongfu are hung or China’s Peking Opera is played.Many foreigners love these signs of the Chinese culture.These old signs are full of charm, and are beneficial for the transmission of the Chinese culture or the creation of the Chinese iamge.“中国梦”的含义是国家富强、民族复兴和人民幸福。中国梦是国家的梦，民族的梦和人民的梦，也是每一个中国人的梦，是个人之梦的集合，是共同的梦。正如习主席所说：“国家好、民族好、大家才会好。”中国梦充满着中华文明“家国天下”的理性光辉。中国梦也是和平之梦，合作之梦，共赢之梦。中国梦今天是梦想，明天将是现实。

The Chinese Dream means a prosperous and strong China, the revival of the Chinese nation and a happy life for the Chinese people.The Chinese Dream is the dream of a country, a nation and a people.It is also a dream of every Chinese.It is a combination of individual dreams and it is a common dream.Just as President Xi puts it, only when the country and the nation are better off can every one of us be better off.The Chinese Dream is filled with the rational brilliance of the Chinese civilization: one nation is one family and each member is responsible for its prosperity.The Chinese Dream is also a dream of peace, cooperation and win-win.Today, it is a dream.Tomorrow it will be reality.

第五篇：六级备考笔记

备考：2014年12月英语六级考试最全复习笔记 三。词根词缀：

soph(wise智慧)：sophism 诡辩，sophomore 大二学生，philosophy 哲学，zoophilis t 动物保护者

con-com(together一起)：coincidence con(together/ fully)：contact;tact(touch)：contact lens隐形眼镜;intact 未开化;clude(close关上)：exclude 排除，除去;include 包括;exclusive 独占的，排他的，仅仅的;preclude 阻止，排除;sub(under在下面)：subscribe 同意/付款，捐助/订阅;subway 地铁;submit 提交;scribe(write写)：subscribe;describe 描述;ascribe;prescribe 开处方;cur(to run)：excursion 远足，游览;recur 重现，再发生;precursor 前驱，前辈;incursion入侵，侵犯;duce(lead)：produce;reduce;introduce;seduce;cide(cut)：decide;pesticide;suicide 自杀;nov(new)：lenovo 联想;novel 新意的/小说;innovation 革新，创新;inter(相互的)：interchange;interview;review;preview;volv()：revolve 围绕;evolve 演化;liter(letter)：literal;verge(incline)：diverge;converge;seque(to follow)：subsequent;consequence;duplicate;dual;du--two

pel(drive赶)：repel 抗御，击退，驱除;compel 迫使，强迫;expel 逐出去，开除;impel 推进;propel 驱动;verse(turn)：reverse 颠倒，反转;adverse 不利的，有害的;inverse相反的，对立的;subvert颠覆，破坏;introvert 内向的;extrovert 外向的;anniversary 周年;trans(across跨越)：transmit(病)传播，传送，发送(信号);transaction 交易，业务;

transition 过渡，转变;transform 改革，改造;transfer 调动，移动，转会;transient 短暂的，瞬间的;

scend()：ascend;descend;

fect(do)：defect 缺陷;affect;infect;perfect;

press(压)：impress 留有印象;express 表达;depress 沮丧;compress 压缩，受压

迫;

ject(jet喷射)：projector 投影仪;eject 弹射;inject 注射;objection 反对;

lect(chose)：collect 收集;elect 选择;select 选项;recollect 回忆;

fess(说)：confess 坦言，倾诉;professor 教授;convince(vin：win)使信服;

pose(put)：compose 合成;expose 姿势;impose 施加;dispose 处理;

dis(分散)：dispose;dismiss;disappear;

rupt(break)：interrupt 中断;abrupt 突然的;erupt 喷发;corrupt ****;(cor：

完全的)

mit(send)：emit;transmit;

ob(against);e(out);de(down/out);re(again/back);pre(before);ex（out);in(in/into);

四。重要词汇。

1，adhere to [坚持(观点，信仰);粘住stick sth.by glue;遵守(法律，法规);

conform to(遵守;适应适合)，comply with(遵守);

appropriately(适当，恰当)，toss(抛，扔：toss a coin)，2，glance(扫一眼，看一眼)/glimpse(扫一眼)/peer(由于近视，看不清而凝视)/gaze(由于感兴趣而盯着看)/scan(浏览，快读;细看，审视，扫描)/glare(瞪眼，怒目而视)/gape(瞪着看，由于吃惊或惊吓)/peep(偷窥);

obscure(晦涩的，模糊的)，reproduction，decline[(国力)的衰落;(数字，指标，比率)下降，下跌;婉拒;]，deprive(deprive sb.of sth.)，exclusive，shrink(缩水，比原来少)，3，介词+名词+介词(词组意义在于名词)：with the exception of(除了)/with the

purpose of(目的是)/with reference to(谈及，提及，关于)/with a view to(为了，以…为目的);hamper =hinder(妨碍，阻碍)，propel(驱动)，4，以trans为词根的词，总会放在一起考形近易混词，不会单个考。

5，resort(依靠，依赖，求助于;+to：resort to arms/force使用武力)/grant(同意，给予;grant sth)/afford(买得起;afford to经受得住，承担得起)/entitle [(法律方面)赋予…权利资格;be entitled to/into doing sth.];

conspicuous(杰出的，明显的)，gloomy(阴暗的，忧郁的;take a gloomy view of sth.)，authentic(真的，可靠的，真迹的)，in terms of(从…方面来说，根据…，在某方面)，contaminate(污染，毒害)，trivial(不重要的;琐屑的)，compliant =obedient(顺从的)，vulnerable(脆弱的，易受攻击的)，indignation(愤怒，愤慨)，in case(万一)，at a loss(不知所措的)，scratch(抓;擦;乱写乱画)，ascribe = attribute to(归因于)，dilemma(困境;prisoner dilemma囚徒困境)，profound(深奥的，深远的;profound effect)，formidable(难以对付的，可怕的)，increasingly(逐渐地，与日俱增地)，deteriorate(变质，恶化)，fluctuate(价格等波动)，coincide(时间，空间上巧合)，6，advocate(提倡;鼓吹)/ allege(声称;硬说)/ address(演说;向…致辞)/ announce(宣布，宣告)

7，模版题。有几个大词作为选项：spontaneously(自发地，无意识地)，simultaneously(同时地，同步地)，homogeneously(同性地;同类地)，instantaneously(瞬间地，即刻地)，contemporarily(同时代地，同代地)，anonymous(匿名地)，一般会在前

三个选项中出题，D选项会掉换，但不作为答案。(二)十种小对话题型：

1，人物态度意图题。其中“中but”题型尤为重要。例如：一般会提问：What ……mean?

How does sb.feel?对话中：“A：……。B：……，but…X…。”则在but之后的X部分大多会出题，应注意。

2，异义解释题。联系在第六部分的词组，记住其实际代表的意义。例如：burn the midnight oil不能理解为“烧午夜的油”，而是“熬夜”的意思;get a smell of midnight oil不是“闻到午夜的油的味道”而是形容文章等写的不好;chase rainbows表面上看是“追彩虹”，其实是“走神”的意思。

3，对话场景。

4，人物关系。

5，人物职业。

6，细节列举。一般考后一个细节，记笔记由为重要。

7，中心思想题。头重题。

8，数字价格运算题。一般是在shopping场景中出现。涉及加减运算，extra，plus，save，spare;又如discount 30%意为“打七折”。

9，时间加减运算。例如，开车时，计算频率，首发车时间，特殊日期发车时间;有关手表的问题，手表永远不会准。

10，人物动作题。如问What happened to sb.?则涉及动作的执行者及其结果;还会有新闻出现，一般会是灾难性的事件，问题中常含有what，when，where，who，why，how等。

(三)十种对话场景：

一、CAMPUS校园：

1，选课。作业多：heavey assignment 书单(永远读不完)：reading list 学分：credit 学分时：credit hour

讨论课：lesson-seminar 必修课：required course

2，考试。期末考(总决赛)：finals 期中：mid-terms 小考，随堂测验：quiz

及格分数：passing score ace it = get a full score(满分)

3，论文。论文(总)：paper 包括：A小论文：essay

B 中型论文(研究生毕业)：thesis

C 大论文(博士)：dissertation

最后期限：deadline

拖延：put off

熬夜：burn the midnight oil

申请延期：ask for extension

4，学生。大学生：undergraduate

大一：freshmen

大二：sophomore

大三：junior

大四：senior

研究生学位：Master degree

博士：Doctor

文凭：diploma

5，学费。学费：tuition

奖学金：scholarship

全额奖学金：full scholarship

失去资格：dis-quality 助教：teaching assistant

贷款：loan

6，打工：part-time job

刷盘人：dishwasher

busboy 人手： hands

7，住宿。宿舍：dorm

存在问题：neighbor，noisy

公寓(贵，要合租)：apartment

问题： roommate，smoker，non-smoker

房子(带有花园和泳池的，很贵)：house

健身房：gym，work out in the gym

自助食堂：cafeteria

二、WORKPLACE工作。

1，找工作。job applicant

拒绝：turn…down

理由：lack of experience

面试：job interview

旅行社：travel agency

2，开除。sached /You're

sacked/fired/dismissed。下岗：You're laid off。辞职：resign one's post(大词)撤职：remove sb.from …position / replace sb.3，提升：promotion

顶头上司：immediate boss

加薪：raise / get a raise

三、餐馆。

1，点单，投诉。点单：order-menu

甜品，甜点：dessert

特价菜，特色菜：special 甜圈：doughnut

凉菜：salad

调味汁：dressing

投诉：make a complaint

2，付帐。当桌分帐：go Dutch(荷兰)

分帐单：let's split it/the check/bil

请客：on one's treat 小费：tip(补充：tips ：建议;贴士，士多)

3，人物。新郎，贴身男仆，车夫：groom

伴郎：bestman

伴娘：bride's maid

新

婚夫妇：newly-weds

四、图书馆。

1，借书。保留：put on reserve

书面许可：written permission

外借(放出去)：let…out

2，杂志：magzine

过期杂志：backnumber

最新一期：latest number

3，还书。过期：overdue

到期：due

罚款：fine ：charge sb.a fine

五、医院。

骨折的病人：fractured ankle

急诊室：emergency

集中特护病房：ICU：intensive care unit

感冒：flu

发烧：fever

咳嗽：cough

心脏病：heart attack

治疗手段：treatment

六、BANK银行。

银行：bank-旅行支票：traveller's check-护照：passport

对帐单：statement

赤字，透支：in the red开户：open a …account

存款：deposit

存折：bankbook

七、电话场景。

1，电话。phone box

投币： coin，slot machine

2，服务。在服务区：in service

占线：busy/ engaged

别挂断：hold the line

挂断某人的电话：hang

up on sb.切断(线路)：cut off

3，打进来：in-coming

打出去电话：out-going

八、机场场景。

晚点了：behind the schedule

准时：on schedule

取消掉了：flight is

canceled

推迟：delay

订光了：be booked

坠机：air crash

失物招领处：lost-and-found

行李寄存处：left-luggage

九、租房。

租约：lease

漏水：leak

建筑公司：roofing company

寒流：cold spell

电暖气：heater

电工：electracian

停电：black out

盗窃：theft

闯

入：break into

搬家公司：moving company

十、POSTOFFICE邮局。

发电报：send a cable

超重：over weight--extra postage

(四)听写的重要性：

一、分类：A.spot(不常考)：250-300字短文听写填空，10*1=10。

B.compound(常考)：7个单词空+3个长句，0.5*7+2*2+2.5*1=10。

二、看，猜，听，记。看：scan，浏览短文;猜：联系空前后单词词组猜测所填词的词性;听：精听，认真;记：速记，通常记单词的前四个字母。最后检查，尤为重要的是语法错误。

三、听音时注意：

1，介词。连读对象 in：come in / get in;on：work on / get on;at：good at/ end at;of：kind of。

2，冠词。易漏掉

3，代词。连读对象，失去爆破：it：get it back-get

i(t)back;them：beat them，like him。

4，近音异形词。often-orphen

5，同音。用语法检查：two-to-too，know-no，cell-sell。

6，特殊。连读中加音现象：just do it，see it

同化：could you，get you，略读：Good day!-G'day!

7，单词拼写。

8，名词单复数。

9，单词的大小写。

10，动词的时态，语态。

四、可用做听写材料的Passage短文：

90.1.Passage1，91.1.Passage2，94.1.P3，95.6.P3，96.1.P2，96.6.P2，97.1.P1，97.6.P2，98.1.P1，98.6.P2，99.1.P1，00.1.P1，00.6.P3，01.6.P3，02.1.P3，02.6.P2，02.12.P3。

(五)PASSAGE：

一、题型。

1，主旨题。一般占30%

A。在短文开头：例如在第一句出现topic idea/ theme等;

B。在短文末尾：例如末句有learn/convey/As a result…/On the whole…/In conclusion…/All in all…/Last but not least…等短语。此时应注意，而且答案一般不为陈述句，而带有must，should等说教意味。

2，细节题。一般占到60%左右。

一般围绕人物，事件，时间等有如下关系：

人

事

时间

职业

地点

而其中仍包括：

A偏于主旨细节题：例如出现according to…X/due to…X/result in…X/…X…result from/等一般问原因细节题，则答案关键在于文章中的X部分。

B目的细节题：有如：to X/in order to X/the perpose is X…等

C 异义解释题：有些词组出现时，并不代表其表面意义，短文中一般会接着给出解释。若无，则须背记带有异义的词组。

二、解题小技巧。

1，negative thinking

2，含有change的一般为正确答案：(一般只有一个选项含有该词义)：/ alter/ postpone/ put off/ turn…into / convert/ transform/ modifye

3，概括的是答案，具体的不是(适用于passage中的主旨题);去一，三选一。

4，片尾主旨题，一般深刻的结论是答案，肤浅的不是。

5，对于相似或相反选项：A小对话中，正确答案为其中之一;B短文当中，都不是正确答案。

6，带有感情能够色彩的，有肯定和否定的，涉及范围方面的，选少数项。适用于小对话中的人物主旨态度题，但是切记慎用!

7，找主线。短文都会有一个文章主旨，注意找寻其主题语言。

(六)异义词组。

A。accompany(隐含乐器 piano)appeal to(与a pill的读音类似，而意为“吸引”)afar cry from(与…相差甚远)a must(必需的事物)all ears(形容听的很仔细)as…as…：as fit as a fiddle(像小提琴一样健康)and how!(表示同意)at a loss(不知所措)around the corner(某事情要来了)a phone call away(随叫随到，表示非常愿意帮忙)

B。beside oneself(几乎疯狂，表狂喜或大悲)break out in a rash(出麻疹)by and large=in general(总体来说)be done/through with=finish(完成)be in the dark(在黑暗中，蒙在鼓里，完全不知情)behind the schedule()bent on sth.=be supposed to do sth.(下决心做某事)believe it or not(信不信由你，一般否定)book up(订光了)

C。call it a day()cut down on sth.(削减，例如面包/开支)come down with(病倒了)come over(过来，到某人家里)cost sb.an arm and a leg(形容某事物特别的昂贵)cut it out(闭嘴)

D。die out(灭绝)drop sb.off(踩一脚)drop in on sb.(顺路拜访某人)drop at some place(顺路去某地)do with(用…凑合)do without(没有…也能凑合)dont look at me!(别指望我!)dont tell me!(你还说呢!形容情况更糟)drop sb up the wall(使某人发疯)

E。every so often(偶尔，偶然)=every once in a while

F。fall back on sb.(转而求助某人)fall flat(泡汤，告吹)be fed up with(对某事极度厌倦)finish up(吃光，完成，以…结束)for nothing(免费的)

G。get away with sth.(做某事(坏事)不受惩罚)get back to sb.(在和某人联系)get nowhere with(一筹莫展，毫无进展)get out of the wrong side of one's bed(形容心情糟糕，不顺利)go about sth.(开始做某事)go ahead with(继续)

H。have a way with(擅长某事)have the finally say(有最终决定权)have had it with sth.(处境好/糟)have one's hands full(某人总是很忙)head and shoulders(比别人高一筹)hold out for sth.(坚持要某物)hold up(耽搁了某事物)

I。I have seen worse.(表示同情)in shape(有型)out of shape(没型)in good/black/blue/no mood(有好/不好/忧郁/没心情)…in commen(共同的)in the middle of sth.(正在做某事)in vain(徒劳，白白)

K。keep an eye on sb.(监视，留意某人)see eye to eye with sb.on sth(在某问题上完全同意某人)keep to oneself(闷在心里)kill time=fool around=trainspotting(消磨时间)

L。lay off(裁员，解雇)light schedule(日程安排宽松)look sharp!(赶快!)look up to sb.(尊敬。尊重某人)

M。make ends meet(收支相抵)make it to(完成某事)make difference(有影响，有关系)make up one's mind(下决心)meet each other half way(妥协，互让一步)might as well do sth(倒不如做某事好了)move on to(进一步讨论某事)

N。now that=since

O。on earth(究竟)on edge(紧张)on short notice(一经通知就…)on top of(一清二楚，完全掌握)

P。place the call(打电话)play it by ear(见机行事，随机应变)put up with sb.(忍受某人)

R。reguardless of(不管，不顾)raise the roof(吵翻天)hit the ceiling(非常生气，暴跳如雷)rule out(排除)resign one's post(辞职)run out of(用完了，用光了)

S。see to(关照某事)slip one's mind(忘的一干二净)should know better than to do sth.(应该知道不去做某事)stick to(忠于…;坚持…)

T。take a rain check(改期进行)take one's time(慢慢来)take one's place(替代某人)the reverse is also true=vice versa(反之亦然)take sth.up(从事某事)

U。under the weather(身体不舒服，生病了)up in the air(悬而未决)up to sb.(由某人决定)

W。without fail(无一例外)

Y。You're telling me?(还用你说吗?)

(七)总结：

12月20号考试的同学，每周的听力练习为2套六级+3套TOEFL，并记忆其中的单词和词组;听写每周两次;每天保持听音1~1.5-2小时;距离考试一周时，看错题，泛听六级真题。可根据自己的情况，在考试前做预热，以达到在考试中的最好状态。

时间分配：A，审题，列提纲，5分钟;B，写作文，20分钟;C，改错误，5分钟。

写作时注意：先主后次，纲举目张，字迹清楚。文章分为三段为最佳，每段的形式为：Topic Sentence+Supportina Ideas。而且要注意使用连接词，加强上下文的联系。

常见作文错误：1，词性;2，单复数一致;3，冠词错误;4，代词一致;5，时态一致。

高分作文具备条件：A，用词的准确化;B，句式的多样化。

平时注意收集好的词组类型：1)动词+名词：acquire knowledge，commit a crime;

2)形容词+名词： a sharp increase;dramatic increase;

3)动词+大副词：shake violently;

4)动词+ 介词 /小副词：break through。

When asked about / it comes to…，many people claim/ believe/ argue/ say that…

There is a general/ public/ heated/ much discussion / debate taday about…

There is much disagreement / are some controversies over…转：Others，however，think differently.As opposed to these widely-held views，someone argues that…

Despite the popular belief that…，a current survey indicates that…

2)阐释原因，方法，描述危害题。这一类型多为社会问题及现象。提纲一般也分为2~3部分，而相应地，写作时也要明确三部分：1，提出问题;2，分析问题;3，解决问题。在“提出”中，主要描述所要说的问题;“分析”要分析问题所在或阐述出现这种问题的原因;“解决”中提出解决的方法。

例如：98.1.题纲：1，假冒伪劣商品的危害;2，怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品。可以在第1段提出假冒伪劣商品这种现象描述其危害，在第2段可以阐述其出现的原因，第3段提出解决问题的办法。再如00.1.提纲：1，上大学的费用可以通过多种途径解决;2，哪种途径适合我(说明理由)。则可在首段简要提出上学费用对于我们学生是一个不小的问题，然后阐述解决费用的途径，最后说明自己的方法并说明原因。

常用句型：

起：Recently，there has been a widespread concern / feeling / belief / attitude that…

Now it is widely / commonly/ generally thought/ believed/hold that…

Now people in increasing number are beginning / coming to realize/ accept/ understand that…

承：The opinion may be supported by the following facts.合：It is hoped / suggested / recommended that…

It is high time that we put and end to the…/ take measures to …

3)永恒话题。97.1.题目出了一句谚语Haste Makes Waste，类似的还可以有Practice Makes Perfect，Where There's a Will There's a Way，Unity Means Strength，God Helps Those Who Help Themselves等。对于这一类的题目也要把握三点：1，解释含义;2，举例说明;3，总结发挥。前两点可以作为前两段，最后可以根据自己的心得体会总结，比如我们应该怎样避免或怎样去做等。

常用句型：举例：History abounds with the example of…

I can think of no better illustration of the point / view than the fact that…/example of…

总结发挥：Both history and common sense suggest that…

All these examples goes to show / point to the fact / piles up to show that…

Judging from all evidence offered，we may safely say / come to the conclusion that…

4)图表题。图表作文三步骤：1，描述变化;2，解释原因;3，A若是好的现象则对其进行预测;B若是坏的现象则提出解决办法;C不好不坏的情况阐述自己的观点。

注意：图表题一定不要大量机械地罗列数据，而要挖掘图表的内涵，如写出上升或下降的趋势或比率。

常用句型：

描述变化：It can be seen / we can see from the gragh that…/ According to the gragh，…

The number has nearly doubled that of last year.The number was…，less / more than half / a third / a quarter of the 2000 total.指出原因：The change in…mainly results / arises from…

One may attribute this trend / change/problem to…，but it doesn't answer the question.A number of factors could account for / lead to the change in…

5)书信题。一般会给出信的开头与结尾，中间部分自己作答。内容多为求职，申请，邀请等，需表达清楚，求职要列出自己的优势言辞恳切，邀请可说明原因，时间地点也要叙述完整。

6)关联词。举例exemplification：for example，for instance，as an example，as an illustration，such as;

比较comparison：similarly，likewise，in the same way，equally important，in common;对照contrast：on the contrary，on the other hand，otherwise，unlike，in contrast，whereas，conversely，by contrast;让步concession：although，nevertheless，however，but，admittedly，even though，in spite of;原因cause：because，because of，as，since，for，owing to，due to，on account of，as a result of…结果result：thus，so，consequently，hence，therefore，accordingly，as a result，as a consequence，on that account;强调emphasis：chiefly，especially，indeed，in fact，certainly，particularly，actually;列举enumeration：first，second，in the first place，first of all，to begin with，in the second place，furthermore，moreover，for one thing，for another，what's more，what's worse;总结summary：in conclusion，in short，in brief，in summary，on the whole，to sum up，to conclude。

四、短期速成应考方针：

1)多读范文。范文是活生生的例子，写起文章来得心应手。

2)多写。即使离考期再短，也应多写几篇，写多了自然能灵活运用词汇，句型，修正常犯的错误。

3)熟背启承转合语，从而将文章顺畅地连贯起来，避免单调乏味。

五、作文常见问题及对策：

1)单字少，不知该用何字，不知句子是否和语法，汉语翻译。对策：记忆单词在句子中的用法，尽量用现成的句子。

2)不知如何开头，如何结尾。对策：该种文章乃八股文，有现成的格式，套用即可，颇省去不少麻烦。

3)不知该写什么。对策：练习Topic Sentence + Supporting Ideas即中心句加扩充观点的写法可以协助你解决这一问题，使你轻松面对。