大英4综合教程课后翻译

第一篇：大英4综合教程课后翻译

UNIT1

1.随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。(take on)

Answer: With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.2.他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(make a commitment)

Answer: He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3.闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(as opposed to)

Answer: Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.4.说得好听一些，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心(conscience)且没有资格的权力追求者。(at best, at worst)Answer: At best he 's ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.5.我们已尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。(strive, make no headway)

Answer: We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.UNIT2

1.宪法规定公民享有言论自由。(provide for)

Answer: The Constitution provides for citizen’s freedom of speech.2.我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法，因此常发生争吵。(grow out of;bring up)

Answer: Our constant quarrels grew out of the diverse ideas on how to bring up children.3.我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇。(long before)

Answer: We have learned some words long before we can read.4.很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好。(the more...the more)

Answer: Many Chinese parents think that the earlier children go to school, the better.5.新税法不是要惩罚富人，而是要给穷人以公平和机会。(rather)

Answer: The new tax law is not to punish the rich.Rather it is to bring justice and opportunity to the poor.UNIT3

1.你应该及时掐掉凋谢的花朵。(pluck off)

Answer: You should pluck off the dead flowers in time.2.我认为你所说的实在算不上一个答案。(qualify as)

Answer: I don’t think what you said really qualifies as an answer.3.我们的喊声在寂静的大街上回荡。(echo)

Answer: Our shouts echoed through the silent streets.4.毫无疑问，他的成绩提高了，他又重新燃起了对学习的兴趣。(revive)

Answer: There is no doubt that his grades have improved and his interest in learning has revived.5.史密斯夫妇已经向离婚法院正式申请离婚。(file for)

Answer: The Smiths have fi led for divorce in the divorce court.UNIT4

1.我爷爷虽然70岁了，但他的爱好广泛，从下国际象棋到爬山，多种多样。(range from...to)

Answer: My grandfather’s interests range from playing chess to climbing mountains although he is 70 years old.2.真奇怪，汤姆的奶奶都80岁了还玩玩具娃娃。(surprisingly)

Answer: Surprisingly, Tom’s grandmother plays with dolls at the age of 80.3.他大公无私的精神和天赋使他适合担当大多数学生梦想得到的那项工作。(qualify for)

Answer: His selflessness and talent qualify him for the job most students dream to get.4.你如何解释他的那个怪梦？(interpretation)

Answer: What interpretation would you put on his odd / strange dream?

5.我们老板刚买的新轿车一小时能行驶200公里。(be capable of)

Answer: The brand-new car our boss has just bought is capable of making 200 kilometers an hour.UNIT5

1.产品广告中的说明必须符合产品的实际质量。(conform to)

Answer: The explanation in the advertisement of the product must conform to its actual quality.2.新的见解有望为我们探索应对这种情况的新方法铺平道路。(pave the way for)

Answer: New insights will hopefully pave the way for us to explore new ways of treating this condition.3.谚语来源于生活，是一个民族的语言和文化的浓缩和体现。(derive from)

Answer: Proverbs, which derive from life, are the condensation and embodiment of the language and culture of a nation.4.这段情感关系一直困扰着她，而且不见尽头。(haunt)

Answer: The emotional relationship has been haunting her with no end in sight.5.应当承认，很难判定这件独特商品的合适价格。(discern)

Answer: Admittedly, the right price for this unique commodity is hard to discern.Unit6

1.她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期。(portray...as)

Answer:She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.2.试验表明，不抽烟的人比抽烟的人犯的错误要少。(fewer...than)

Answer:Experiments showed that nonsmokers committed fewer errors than smokers.3.足球迷经常受到人们的重视，不是因为他们自身的成功，而是因为他们支持的球队获得了胜利。(not...but)

Answer:Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement, but through their connection to a team that wins.4.尽管演员的演技高超，这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能吸引住我们。(despite)

Answer:Despite the actors’ wonderful acting, the three-hour movie could not hold our attention.5.王教授是我能唯一指望救我儿子的大夫。(rely on)

Answer:Professor Wang is the only doctor I can rely on to save my son.Unit7

1.对考试结果我无法预料，我们只有等着瞧了。(inkling)

Answer:I have no inkling about the examination results, we shall have to wait and see.2.我不知道到底发生了什么事，但是他们一小时前就该到达这里的。(suppose to)

Answer:I don’t know what happened, but they were supposed to be here an hour ago.3.他今天穿的衬衫的颜色与领带很不相配。(match)

Answer:The color of the shirt he is wearing today does not match that of his tie.4.经过数年的准备和积累，我终于开始了写作生涯。(commit)

Answer:After years of preparation and accumulation, I have committed to a writing career fi nally.5.我已经告诉我的孩子们要学着把自己的抽屉清理好。(clear out)

Answer:I have asked my kids to learn to clear out their drawers.Unit8

1.无论我们遇到什么样的困难，我们都应该想办法克服它。(overcome)

Answer:No matter what difficulties we come across, we should try our best to overcome them.2.尊老爱幼是中华民族传统的美德。(traditional)

Answer:Respecting the old and caring for the young is a traditional Chinese virtue.3.今天，各行各业的人都在努力提高自己的知识水平以便跟上时代的发展。(all walks of life)

Answer:Today, people from all walks of life are trying to acquire more knowledge to keep pace with the development of the times.4.孩子们特别喜欢卡通片。(have a fancy for / take a fancy to)

Answer:Children have a fancy for cartoons.5.鉴于他们缺乏经验，这工作他们做得不错。(given that)

Answer:Given that they are lacking in experience / inexperienced / green hand, they have done a good job.

第二篇：大英4翻译

U1A1、随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。(take on)With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.2、他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(make a commitment)He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3、闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(as opposed to)Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.4、说得好听一些，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心(conscience)且没有资格的权力追求者。(at best, at worst)

At best he 's ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.5、我们已尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。(strive, make no headway)

We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.U2A

1.宪法规定公民享有言论自由。(provide for)

The Constitution provides for citizen’s freedom of speech.2.我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法，因此常发生争吵。(grow out of;bring up)Our constant quarrels grew out of the diverse ideas on how to bring up children.3.我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇。(long before)

We have learned some words long before we can read.4..很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好。(the more...the more)

Many Chinese parents think that the earlier children go to school, the better.5.新税法不是要惩罚富人，而是要给穷人以公平和机会。(rather)The new tax law is not to punish the rich.Rather it is to bring justice and opportunity to the poor.U3A

1)你应该及时掐掉凋谢的花朵。(pluck off)

You should pluck off the dead fl owers in time.2)我认为你所说的实在算不上一个答案。(qualify as)

I don’t think what you said really qualifi es as an answer.3)我们的喊声在寂静的大街上回荡。(echo)Our shouts echoed through the silent streets.4)毫无疑问，他的成绩提高了，他又重新燃起了对学习的兴趣。(revive)There is no doubt that his grades have improved and his interest in learning has revived.5)史密斯夫妇已经向离婚法院正式申请离婚。(file for)

The Smiths have fi led for divorce in the divorce court.U4A

1.我爷爷虽然70岁了，但他的爱好广泛，从下国际象棋到爬山，多种多样。(range from...to)My grandfather’s interests range from playing chess to climbing mountains although he is 70 years old.2.真奇怪，汤姆的奶奶都80岁了还玩玩具娃娃。(surprisingly)

Surprisingly, Tom’s grandmother plays with dolls at the age of 80.3.他大公无私的精神和天赋使他适合担当大多数学生梦想得到的那项工作。(qualify for)His selflessness and talent qualify him for the job most students dream to get.4.你如何解释他的那个怪梦？(interpretation)

What interpretation would you put on his odd / strange dream?

5.我们老板刚买的新轿车一小时能行驶200公里。(be capable of)The brand-new car our boss has just bought is capable of making 200 kilometers an hour.U5A

1.产品广告中的说明必须符合产品的实际质量。(conform to)

The explanation in the advertisement of the product must conform to its actual quality.2.新的见解有望为我们探索应对这种情况的新方法铺平道路。(pave the way for)New insights will hopefully pave the way for us to explore new ways of treating this condition.3.谚语来源于生活，是一个民族的语言和文化的浓缩和体现。(derive from)Proverbs, which derive from life, are the condensation and embodiment of the language and culture of a nation.4.这段情感关系一直困扰着她，而且不见尽头。(haunt)

The emotional relationship has been haunting her with no end in sight.5.应当承认，很难判定这件独特商品的合适价格。(discern)

Admittedly, the right price for this unique commodity is hard to discern.U6A

1.她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期。(portray...as)She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.2.试验表明，不抽烟的人比抽烟的人犯的错误要少。(fewer...than)

Experiments showed that nonsmokers committed fewer errors than smokers.3.足球迷经常受到人们的重视，不是因为他们自身的成功，而是因为他们支持的球队获得了胜 利。

(not...but)Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement, but through their connection to a team that wins.4.尽管演员的演技高超，这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能吸引住我们。(despite)

Despite the actors’ wonderful acting, the three-hour movie could not hold our attention.5.王教授是我能唯一指望救我儿子的大夫。(rely on)

Professor Wang is the only doctor I can rely on to save my son.

第三篇：新编大学英语综合教程4课后翻译

Unit 1

child.(活泼的举止是正常的)

John, but he can’t afford one.(速度快的车对······有吸引力)

3.Dave required a lot of time to study the 多种多样的论据)and she explained the project to me again.(我要求我的上司为我解释清楚)

5.Photographic film is very(对光很敏感)

6.can be a great help, especially in the early days.(互相鼓励)7.Jimmy cried when people(拿他开玩笑)

8.John won’t give up.He 坚持他的观点)

9.Ted always wants(成为注意的焦点)

10.Is it cheaper if 我们提前买票)Unit2 1.However,(这种搜索引擎的主要缺陷)is its tendency to include too much information.2.她从不吝惜自己的时间)—always ready to help other people.3.you may have known someone else for thancasual acquaintances(他们永远只是泛泛之交).4.(他怀疑这车不是他的)because everyone knew she had no money.5.It’s impossible to forget such horrific events — they will remain in the 它们会永远留在记忆中).6.In a world too often filled with(在这样一个常常充满各种不确定性的世界上), it is nice to have a safety net, something you can rely on.7.The earthquake happened(比该研究小组的预报提前了一年), but earthquakes are usually difficult to predict.8.I don’t mind being awakened once or twice in the middle of the night by my roommate habit of it(只要她不养成习惯).Unit3

1.Their study shows that sports skills over into personal life(可以运用到个人生活中).(更多地叫男生回答问题), because they tend to be the ones having trouble staying on task.put away(把要洗的衣服放好)before it was time to do the next batch.4.After her time in hospital, Jenny’s parents are afraid she has fallen behind academically(在学业上落后了).5.People are wondering over(谁会接班)when the old president dies.Unit4

这工作都得由他来完成)no matter how long it takes.2.(我们决定为买新车而放弃旅行), though it

was really hard for us to make the decision.3.He tried not to 让他的妻子参与公司的管理工作), because in most cases the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.(对未来几代人都是及其重要的)that open spaces and parklands are protected and maintained to a high standard to keep the city increasingly attractive.5.We have reached the agreement at the 解决这个问题的关键是更好的策划)

6.I propose(继续深入讨论这个问题)by considering critically the four theories well-known in this area.7.(这房子是完全新颖的设计)---neither the interior nor the exterior was copies of any existing buildings of the kind.8.Through all his life he has made efforts 增进两国间的相互了解).Unit5

1.One of the reasons they became good friends(他们成为好朋友的其中一个理由)was that they enjoyed the same sports and music.2.We will learn by our own experience what is best, and 不是靠重复别人的足迹).3.He will play in two tournaments in Japan, 这意味着他将错过世界杯)in his home country.是否表白自己很想他还是继续保持沉默).She had to think about her relationship again.5.Her mind was soothed by memories of her dad and of the days when she was a little girl(她还是个小女孩时同父亲一起住在乡下的日子).6.No matter how insignificant the findings 无论调查结果在当时是多么没有意义), it is important to record all of them properly.总是

受到父母的批评)can seriously hurt the children

and won’t reinforce what the parents try to teach.8.The danger of going too far(做过头的危险)was always present because he was talking too much.But he couldn’t help it.Unit6

(凭借他的记忆力好)and the many exams he had passed.2.She favors a bit of adventure as well as a certain degree of self-government children’s education is concerned(当涉及到她孩子的教育时).3.Most people who are sick with AIDS want to stay at home, rather than spend time unnecessarily in hospital(而不愿意毫无必要地呆在医院里).4.What if I choose to give small amounts of money regularly over a period of time(在一段时间内定期给少量的钱)instead of donating a large sum once for all?

5.I am afraid, Mr.Peterson, the answer is that(答案是这样的)we have to be more efficient than our European competitors.6.The museum 并不打算只关注现代艺术的某个具体方面), but prefers to offer material for the public to study and compare.7.She had decided not to go for a drive on such a windy day 即便能搞到一辆车).你已经同过去一刀两断，并已经开始全新的生活这一事实).Unit 7

1.Drops executed in the first two weeks of the course will leave no records on students’ transcript(在学生的成绩单上不会留下记录),but a drop executed during the third through eighth week will result in a grade of W(withdrawal).2.We often heard of stories about some people who could still think calmly and creativelywhen facing difficulties(当面临困难的时候).3.You should be aware that applications won’t be accepted if they’rebeyond the deadline(过了截止时间).4.The manager was so angry that hetossed the report on the desk(猛地把报告扔在桌子上)and shouted at Sam, “Get out!I don’t want to see you again!”

5.You must start bygetting rid of all the bad habits(改掉所有的坏习惯)your previous piano teacher taught you!

6.Some trees have grown too high and deprived the house of light(挡住了房中的光线).7.What would be the first word that would pop into your mind(跃入你的脑海)when you see Sunflowers by Vincent Van Gogh？ 8.Living on his own on the campus, he has learned tobudget his time(安排好时间).9.These detailswere supposed to be secrets(本应是机密),but were somehow leaked out.10.This is a reminder that proposals for state research fundingare due this Friday(本周五截止)

第四篇：综合教程3课后翻译

1.听到他屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过。

repeated failures.2.他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出一副高兴的样子。

He assumed an air of cheerfulness even though he lost favor with his boss.3.Gulliver经历了冒险奇遇，见到了各色奇异的人物。

Gulliver met with extraordinary adventures and saw a strange assortment of people.4.如果你再犯同样的错误，他会很生你的气的。

been an excellent vice-president for almost 10 years.He is just too common to be picked out from the crowd.1.1.这所大学是世界上历史最悠久的高等学府之一。

The university is one of the most venerable institutions of higher learning in the world.2.2.如果一个人缺乏实践经验，仅凭课堂里学到的东西很难成功的。

If one is deficient in practical experience, he can hardly become a successful person with only what he has acquired in class.3.3.我火冒三丈，这篇专题文章本周内必须完成，但是老是被打断。It distressed me a great deal to hear the news that he had suffered 8.8.他实在太普通了，丢人堆里根本找不着。

He will be furious with you if you repeat the same mistake.5.我们都被他坦率的观点、幽默的语言和亲切的态度所深深吸引。

We were all greatly drawn by his frank views, humorous words and 4.genial manner.6.等到欢呼的掌声平息下来，那位诺贝尔奖获得者开始演讲。

The Noble Prize winner began his speech after cheers and applause 5.died down.7.他天生有一种特别的洞察力和预见力，因此，他很少随大流。

He is gifted with a sort of insight and foresight, so he rarely runs with the crowd.6.8.我发现现实毕竟是非常严酷的，一个人难以完全按照自己的理想去生活。

I feel realities are after all very harsh, so one can hardly live up entirely to his ideals.7.1.我的顶头上司是典型的工作狂，一年365天每天工作10小时以上。

My immediate boss is a typical workaholic, for he works for over 10 hours each day all the year round.8.2.校长十分注重课外活动，他认为课外活动有助于培养学生对外部世界的浓厚兴趣。

The principal attaches much importance to extracurricular activities 1.and he believes that they will help to cultivate students’ tremendous interest in the external world.3.星期一一早上，他总是快速冲个澡，胡乱吃块三明治，拦辆出租2.车去上班。

He always grabs a shower, a sandwich and then a taxi to go to work every Monday morning.3.4.既然你要离开公司了，你要在本周内清算账目。

Since you are leaving the company, you should straighten out the accounts within the week.4.5.为了按时完成博士论文，他经常熬夜。

He often stays up late at night in order to finish writing his Ph.D.dissertation on time.5.6.没有什么能够取代内心深处最深切的爱。

Nothing can replace the profoundest love lodges in one’s heart of hearts.6.7.他被认为是总裁职位的当然人选，因为他已经出色地做了近10年副总裁。

He is considered a natural for the post of the president, for he has

I felt exasperated by constant interruptions, for I had to finish writing the monograph by the end of this week.4.他认为用旧文体来写一个当代的主题是滑稽可笑的。

He feels that it is ludicrous to write on a contemporary theme in an ancient style.5.上海的外滩在上世纪七八十年代是年轻情侣喜欢来的谈情说

爱之地。

The Bund in Shanghai was a place where young couples liked to come to coo in the 70s and the 80s of the last century.6.作为10来岁的孩子，他女儿算是非常恬静的，因为她喜欢读

书胜于嬉戏。

His daughter is very sedate for a girl of about 10, for she likes reading more than playing.7.当第一抹阳光洒向大地的时候，这对情人手拉手，在乡村道路

上散步。

The couple strolled hand-in-hand along the country road when the sun in its first splendor steeped the earth.8.这个诗人在世时被普遍认为是一个怪癖的浪漫天才。

The poet was commonly considered as an eccentric genius when alive.1.毫无疑问，莎士比亚使各个时代剧作家相形见绌。

It goes without saying that Shakespeare overshadows all the other playwrights throughout the ages.2.《了不起的盖茨比》被普遍认为是美国上世纪爵士时代的缩影。

The Great Gatsby is commonly deemed as the epitome of the Jazz Age of the last century in America.3.你最好不要在他去哈佛大学深造的兴头上浇冷水。

It is advisable for you not to put a damper on his enthusiasm to further his studies at Harvard.4.年轻人容易盲目崇拜体育圈和娱乐圈迷人的明星。

Young people tend to make a fetish of glamorous stars in sports and entertainment circles.5.他们一路闲逛，漫步来到市中心区域观看庆祝国庆的烟花燃放。

They traipsed all the way to the downtown area to watch the National Day fireworks display.6.他没有犯什么大错或大罪，不该受到如此严厉的惩罚。

He does not deserve such a severe punishment as he has committed neither serious errors nor grave crimes.7.我每次遇到他，他总是说一大堆无聊的话。

Every time I met him, he would talk a whole lot of nonsense.8.名声是一个许多人愿意掉下去的陷阱。

Reputation is a trap into which many people are ready to fall.1.当哈姆雷特拿不定主意该采取什么行动时，他就装疯。

Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating about what to do.2.搪塞推诿是这生意人的惯用伎俩。

Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to employ.7.8.鲜花和彩灯为古老的小镇平添了节日的喜气。

The flowers and the colorful lights lent a festive atmosphere to this ancient small town.1.1.To me, you are definitely more than an acquaintance.2.2.这个地区的许多手艺人经营各种各样的手工艺品。

Many artisans in this region deal in a variety of handicrafts.3.3.他们为此次意外的成功而感到欣喜若狂。

They went into raptures over the unexpected success.4.4.我感到十分惊讶，他用一种超然冷静的太对分析着威胁他们所3.真理之光有时太刺目，于是善意的谎言随处可见。

Sometimes the light of the truth is just too dazzling, so white lies are ubiquitous.4.美国许多妇女声称她们对自己二等公民的地位感到不满。

5.Many women in America profess that they are unhappy with their status of second-class citizens.6.5.一时冲动之下，他失言抖出了秘密。

On the impulse of the moment, he blurted out the secret.6.你应该摆脱偏见，抵制诱惑，不让任何东西扭曲你的判断。

7.You should get rid of any prejudice, resist temptations and let nothing warp your judgment.7.他是一个过于敏感和富于想象力的人，经常在头脑里编织一张复8.杂的网络。

Being over-sensitive and imaginative, he often weaves a tangled web in his mind.8.他在伙伴中很受欢迎，因为他尽量不给别人添麻烦。

He is very popular among his peers as he always tries to spare others any trouble.1.1.有时，我们不得不做出选择，因为没有中间路可走。

Sometimes, we have to make a choice because there is no middle ground.2.2.他脑海里经常浮现过去的景象：那时的他无忧无虑，没有生活的重压。He often conjured up visions of the past when he was free from the 3.pressures of life.3.当他有倦意的时候，经常喝一杯浓浓的清咖啡提神。

He often refreshed himself with a cup of strong black coffee when he felt fatigued.4.4.他挤过一群醉鬼和讨价还价的女人，穿过灯火闪耀的街市。

5.He thrust a throng of drunken men and bargaining women and walked through the flaring streets.5.老道的译者虽然理论不多，但可以凭借经验将一种语言转换成另一种语言。

6.Experienced translators, though lacking in the theory, can render one language into another by rule of thumb.6.人们普遍认为外长此行的主要目的是打破两国关系的僵局。

7.It was generally believed that the major purpose of the foreign minister’s trip was to break the ice with regards to the relations 8.between the two countries.7.Reading good books and making friends with good people can elevate the mind.有人的危险形势。

Much to my surprise, he analyzed with extraordinary detachment the dangerous situation that threatened all of them.5.她躲在窗帘后面窥望那个陌生人。

She peered at the stranger from behind the curtain.6.假日里，他在海滩上尽情享受日光浴的欢乐。

During the holidays, he indulged in the luxury of a bath of sunshine on the beach.7.听到他去世的噩耗，她不胜悲哀。

When she learnt the news of his death, she was overwhelmed with grief.8.我不赞成用分期付款的方式买房子，我倒认为，我们每个人都

应该储蓄以备不时之需。

I’m not in favor of buying a house on the installment plan;instead, I maintain that every one of us should save up for a rainy day.1.实验结果远远超出了他们的预料。

The result of the experiment far surpassed their expectations.2.我们应该充分考虑这个项目的费用和可能遇到的困难。

We should take full account of the cost of the project and the difficulties we might encounter.3.好天气是这次远征科学考察成功的原因之一。

The fair weather contributed to the success of the scientific expedition.4.巴西足球球星罗纳尔多在2002年世界杯足球赛中射进好几个

精彩的球。

Ronaldo, one of the footballs stars from Brazil, several spectacular goals in 2002 FIFA World Cup.Robert Frost

5.由于对诗歌的杰出贡献被美国许多大学授予名誉学位。

Many honorary degrees from different colleges and universities in America were conferred upon Robert Frost for his remarkable contributions to poetry.6.摆脱坏习惯需要耐心和毅力。

Patience and perseverance are required in emancipation from bad habits.7.他们努力将这些新观念灌输到学生的头脑中去。

They tried to instill such new ideas into students’ mind.8.你对员工进行评估时应该做到公正。

You should demonstrate impartiality in your assessment of the employees.

第五篇：大英综合教程3第五单元课后答案

网络教育| 在最近的一次出差途中，有人问及我的职业，我说自己是从事编写和教授大学课程的。“哦？那在哪儿教书？”他问道。我不假思索，老老实实地答道：“虚无空间里”。>我说的是实情。1990年起，我就在被朋友称作“键盘大 学”里教远程学位教育课程并提供辅导。我的课堂是在充满电荷的空间里，其间一端连着我的电话插座，另一端连着一群年龄偏大的大学生家里的电脑。1990年，我筹建了美国第一个远程学习者在线辅导中 心。迄今为止，我已在线辅导了7000多个学生，其中只有几个人不及格，而我本人却从未与他们谋面。

由于无法更清楚地解释我的工作环境，我只能告诉这位问话者：我在虚拟空间教书，“是个虚拟大学的教师。”我试着向他解释“远程教育······在线学位课程······虚拟大学”等 等。>那人的脸上仍旧一片茫然。我不清楚他沉默不语到底是因肃然起敬所致，还是纯粹对此稀里糊涂。我猜想两个原因都有。于是，我就开始解释这些天来经常解释的事情：我认为，美国的大学教育在衰退，而美国的教育新思维正在兴 起。

>远程教学（即师生不用谋面的教育课程）并不是件新生事物。英国巴斯大学的艾塞克·彼特曼爵士曾突发奇想，让乡村居民把圣经转换成速记文字，然后邮寄给他评阅，以这种办法教会他们文秘技能。1840年他就开始实施，从中赚取了大笔的金钱。

我并不教速记，我教心理学和职业拓展。但还是和艾塞克爵士一样，很多课程是自己编写的。我的岗位是在万维 网，我把作业张贴在电子布告栏上，把批阅过的试卷用电子邮件通过国际电话线发送出去，而且免交关税；必要时，把班级学生召集起来，在网上聊天室里在线讲课。>难道这种方式能够摒弃现实中的大学教育吗？学生难道不用整齐地坐在教室里聆听老师——讲坛上的圣人——讲课就能学到知识吗？

绝对可以，毫无疑问。事实上，很多人都认为没有校园的大学难以想象，可我现在却以为不在网络空间这块充满自由氛围的地方教书才是匪夷所思呢。

>在网络空间里，我倾听、阅读、评价、思考学生们表述的观点——一次一个，轮流发言。他们必须书面把见解传输给我，他们不能坐在后排座位上，无所事事地打发时光。他们必须思考，最令他们头疼的是，他们必须写作。思考与写作，那不就是传统教育培养出来的人才所具备的特质吗？

我不是凭借他们的脸庞或是他们在宽敞教室里所坐位置来认识我的学生，而是通过他们每周作业里的文字和观点了解他们。这些文字与观点大家都能在线读到。

我不是讲坛上的圣人——我更像是他们身边的向导。通常，学生们之间“说”的或写的东西、把自己工作和职业体会融入论文和辩论的方式，比起我能够提供的任何东西都更加实用，更有启迪性。我学生的年龄一般是四十岁，还有不少五六十岁。他们通过网络来上学。因为他们不能或者不愿意辞去工作、离开儿女或孙辈们搬进大学校园——那样的大学无非就是一个依照中世纪修道院模式建立起来的教育实体。

他们大多数了解自己所谈论的东西，不仅如此，他们清楚自己为何返回大学学习。网络教育适合他们，因为网络教育尊重学员界定知识和追求知识的能力，鼓励他们抒发自己的观点和见解，没有教师干扰，因为教师可能会情不自禁地介入他们的争论，把原本很有启发性的课堂讨论“平息”或者“引到别的话题上去”。

学生们体验到的东西完全不同于依照传统工厂模式运作的美国教育。在传统教育中，生产线上的每个人接收到相同标准单位的信息（讲座和教材），然后必须通过同一质量检查（客观考试）。学生们坐在整齐排列的座位上，举手请求允许后才发言，不断地看着钟表学课本、听讲座，课本和讲座被分解成不相关联的知识玩意儿。没有证据显示，这样的工厂模式是有效的学习途径，而只能证明这是一种很便利的方式：大学在成绩报告单上记录下标准份量的知识已如期地传授。>或许，在虚拟环境下教大学文科课程对我来说特别有意义，因为它可以追溯到我当年所了解到的真正的大学文科教育。在希腊雅典研读哲学时，老师教导我，要学到东西就得扔掉课本和笔记本这些不过是记忆工具的东西，要依赖我们与生俱来的本领进行批判性思考。>我的网络学生的确是有教材，但那都是学习的辅助材 料，不是他们汲取知识的唯一源泉。他们还将从网上辩论、会议和论文写作的合作中学到知识。学生们要为发言认真思考；他们每周来上课时，充分准备好辩论，通过键盘上的交流获取真知。说也奇怪，虚拟大学兴许正是柏拉图这样的古典哲学家喜欢授课的地方——假如他那个时期有因特网的话。你问我本人的意见？我也认为教育应该比较少地在校园里开展，而更多地应该在参与者的脑子里进行。

二十一世纪教育的四个支柱|

面对未来的种种挑战，教育看来是使人类朝着和平、自由和社会正义迈进的一笔不可或缺的财富。在二十一世纪，教育的作用必须立足于人类对更美好世界的向往。为此，我们必须正视二十一世纪面临的一些问 题，并予以解决。这些问题是： ●全球与局域之间的紧张关系：各国人民在不失其根本的同时，需逐渐成为世界公民。●传统和现代之间的紧张关系，这和“如何适应变革又不漠视过去”属于同一个问题。●长远考虑和短期考虑之间的紧张关系。舆论总是迫切需要迅速得到问题的答案和现成的解决办法，而许多问题却需要从长计议，耐心协调，策略变通方能解决。教育政策正属于这种情况。●人类一方面需要竞争，另一方面也关注机会的均等，这两者之间也存在着紧张关系。这促使我们把三个因素协调起 来：具有激励作用的竞争力、产生活力的合作精神以及具有凝聚力的团结精神。●精神和物质之间的紧张关系。在不违背每个人的传统和信仰的基础上，激励他们升华自己的思想和精神境界，这是教育的崇高使命。

站在这个立场上，我们建议，人类需要更加重视作为教育基础的四个支柱之一：学会共同生活。教育的使命之一是让学生认识人类的多样性，同时还要让他们意识到所有人之间的相似性和相互依存性。从幼儿开始，学校就应该抓住各种机会进行这一双重教育。有些学科适合进行这种教育，例如，在基础教育阶段开设人文地理，晚些时候开设外语和外国文学。为了学会共同生活，我们可以多了解他人、了解他人的历史、传统和精神价值，在此基础上创造一种新的精 神，这种精神会激励人们参与共同的项目或者用明智、和平的方式化解不可避免的冲突。

同时，我们也不应该忽视教育的另外三个支柱，它们可以说是学会共同生活的基本要素。第一是学会认知。随着科学进步所带来的迅速变革，人类必须重视以下两个方面的结合：一是相当广泛的普通教育；二是就少量精选的学科进行深入研究的可能性。

因此，学会认知就意味着学会如何学习。由于知识涉及到方方面面，试图想什么都知道，这愈来愈做不到。事实 上，在基础教育阶段之后，想成为多门学科的专家就成了不切实际的幻想。今天，一个真正受到良好教育的人需要接受广泛的通识教育，同时有机会深入地研究少量的学科。通识教育使学生有机会学习其他语言、熟悉其他学科，首先而且尤为重要的是，通识教育提供了与他人交流的手段。这种通识教育可以说是接受终身教育的通行证，因为它使人对终身学习产生了兴趣并为其奠定了基础。

另外一个支柱是学会做事。这和职业培训密不可分：我们如何使教育和未来相适应、使人们有能力做好未来所需要的工作？这里我们应该将以雇佣劳动为主的工业化经济同以个体经营或临时工为主的其他类型的经济区别开来。工业化经济的未来取决于它们能否把知识的进步转化为革新，从而开创新企业、创造新的就业机会。除了学习从事一种职业 外，学会做事也指获得一种能力，这种能力使一个人能够应付各种各样的情况，而且能够参与集体劳动。如果在校的中小学生和大学生都有机会参加一些以获取工作经验为目标的培训活动或社会福利工作，以此来实践和锻炼自己的能力，以上所说的能力和技能在许多情况下是比较容易获得的

最后但同样重要的是第四个支柱：学会生存。在二十一世纪，人人都需要发挥更强的自主能力和判断能力；每个人都要对共同目标的实现怀有更强烈的责任感。教育应当促进每个人的全面发展，即身心、智力、敏锐性、审美情趣以及精神的升华等方面的发展。每个人在青少年时代接受的教育应该使他们形成一种独立自主的、富有批判精神的思维方式和判断力。只有这样，他们才能够在人生不同的情况下自己确定最应该做的事情。蕴藏在每个人身上的像宝藏一样的才能都必须发挥出来，例如记忆力、推理能力、想象力、体 能、审美意识、与他人交流的能力以及领导者天生的领袖魅力。这再次证明一个人需要对自己有更深入的了解。

我们要在二十一世纪建立以获取、更新和利用知识为基础的教育社会。由于“信息社会”不断发展，人们接触数据和事实的机会大增，教育应该使每个人都能收集种种信息，并能筛选、整理、管理和使用这些信息。

面对这种对教育越来越多、越来越高的要求，怎样才能使教育政策实现既提高教育质量又体现教育公正这两个目标呢？这是我们应该解决的问题，其中涉及课程设置、教学方法和内容、以及提高教学效果应必备的条件。

教育的这四个支柱不能只涉及一个人一生中的某个阶段或单纯某个方面。我们有必要重新思考：人的一生什么时候应该获得教育？所受的教育应该覆盖哪些领域？教育的各个阶段和领域应该相互补充，相互关联，从而使每个人在一生中都能够充分利用自己拥有的独特的教育环境。

1.associate 2.equipped 3.combined 4.emphasis 5.enlighten 6.phase 7.graded 8.commented 9.inspection 10.passively 11.rural 12.negotiate 13.indispensable 14.illusion 15.implemented 16.decline 17.reconcile 18.practically 19.residents 20.virtua

1.so to speak 2.try out 3.in store 4.lend themselves to 5.turn my back on 6.in accordance with 7.crying out for 8.is … the case 9.step in 10.calm down 11.brought back 12.go after 13.reflect on 14.get out of 15.For want of 16.Oddly enough 17.in favor of 18.in turn 19.hit on upon 20.to this end 21.calls for 22.brought about

1.multimedia equipment 2.multipurpose furniture 3.a multifunction cell phone 4.a multi-storey car park 5.a multicultural curriculum 6.a multi-subject dictionary 7.a multi-channel television set 8.a multinational society

1.e 2.g 3.a 4.h 5.d 6.f 7.b 8.c

(1)a.a virtual university b.an online counseling center c.a keyboard college d.an online chat room e.a virtual environment f.the electrically charged space g.cyberspace

(2)a.a home computer b.tariff-free email packets c.the World Wide Web d.electronic bulletin boards

(3)a.cyber education b.online degree programs

1.He is such a shy boy that he flushes whenever he speaks to a girl.2.It was such a well-written report that I couldn’t believe it was written by her.3.He hasn’t seen his son for such a long time that he has almost forgotten what he looks like.4.There were so many people in the stadium that I believed half of the town were there.5.Mother rejected my request so firmly that I knew I should not bring up the matter again.before when 3 until unless as

1)To this end 2)in store 3)indispensable 4)calls for 5)diversity 6)implement 7)In accordance with 8)emphasis 9)combining 10)in depth 11)equip 12)goes after 13)access 14)get … out of

1.Cultivating the right emotions is indispensable in that / because it lays the foundations for the successes of one’s future work and studies.2.West China is crying out for talented people for its development.To this end, the government has laid down / made favorable policies, calling for more college graduates to go and work there.3.How can you turn your back on me when I am in such difficulty? We have gone through trials and tribulations for practically half a century.4.Web addicts spend so much time on the Internet that they are unable to draw a distinction between the virtual world and the real world.5.Urban / City residents often have the illusion that rural life is always leisurely and comfortable.In fact, that may not be the case

.6.Distance learning is a global trend.With its quick growth / development, people are given / can enjoy an equally convenient access to educational resources, no matter where they are.Scientific development has brought about global changes in educational thought.It not only generates such a new form of education as “virtual universities” but turns “lifelong learning” into a workable project.In addition, people today seem to be in favor of practical knowledge.But whatever changes there might have been, education must stick to its classic role: to enlighten learners.Confronted with the new problems of this century, we still expect that education should put more emphasis on cultivating learners' competence to think critically and to work collaboratively / with team spirit.Furthermore, we hope that education will take the responsibility of promoting traditional virtues by guiding learners to dispense with negative desires like greed, lust and violence.