英汉互译实践与技巧

第一篇：英汉互译实践与技巧

实践中现存的问题并找出解决的办法 ,走出目前英汉互译教学的困境促使学生了解文化差异 ,多阅读、勤背诵、常思考、重交流 ,熟练掌握英汉互译的技能。

关键词:英汉互译教学;语感;文化

翻译是跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的社交活动。汉互译教学的任务是培养和提高学生的实际翻译能 乐趣。

简单的精读课教学,其结果是学生只能从中

学习几个单词或者短语 ,难以全面掌握翻译的技能,二、英汉互译教学效果的改进措施

.要求学生多阅读、勤背诵

1.翻译教学的目的不明确 语言重在培养学习感觉和灵性。阅读可以提高

将所看过的各种素材

2.学生的认识不到位 我所用、信手拈来。背诵是一个日积月累的过程 ,以后的实践中能够自如地运用2.培养学生常思考、多交流

语言学科尤其是英汉互译课程 ,囊括了历史、地 度上领会文化的差异给英汉互译带来的影响。

理、经济、文化、科技等方方面面的知识。

在英汉互译教学中不断要求学生对身边的一切事物 任何课程都受到外部和内部两大因素的影响。

通过英汉两种语言进行互换思考 ,保持“事事关心 外部因素包括科学技术的发展、社会经济的变化、人

它的表达 ,时时我来表达 ”的积极语言学习态度。口的流动、文化的变迁等 ,内部因素则包括教育系统

经常性的思考训练 ,有助于培养学生的灵感思维。灵感思维是翻译活动中译者通过对原语的透彻理解 影响。

学生互相学习,经常交流 ,吸取他人的正确思维和语 多思考多讨论 ,要在辅导环节对学生的译文进行评

言表达方式。析 ,充分调动学生的语言学习积极性。

3.指导学生了解文化差异

第二篇：英汉互译实践 大纲

《英汉互译实践》教学大纲

本课程旨在传授翻译基本知识、实用的翻译理论和翻译技巧，研究对比英汉两种语言思维文化的差异，总结掌握两种语言的规律和表达习惯，从中找出翻译规律。在此基础上，对学生进行大量的翻译实践训练，从翻译实践中掌握翻译规律，获取翻译的基本技能技巧，同时加深学生对英汉两种语言文化的了解，初步掌握不同文体的翻译技巧。通过翻译理论的学习、翻译实践的训练，培养和提高学生的实际翻译能力。通过本课程的学习，学生能将中等难度的汉语篇章或段落译成英语，或将将中等难度的英语篇章或段落译成汉语，译文忠实原文，语言通顺。

本课程教材共16讲，但教材的使用主要以学生课后阅读为主，而课堂上教师讲授内容部分地以教材为基础，重点讲授翻译基本理论，对英汉两种语言思维和文化进行对比和分析，介绍各种翻译技巧，介绍各种文体及其翻译，使学生掌握英汉双语翻译的基本理论，掌握英汉词语、长句及各种文体的翻译技巧和英汉互译的能力。

本课程对学生的具体要求为：

1．掌握严复的翻译理论，并用之指导自己的翻译实践。

2．掌握翻译规律，获取翻译技能技巧，并灵活地运用于翻译实践。

3．掌握英汉两种语言文化的语言规律和表达习惯，两种语言的个性和共性。

4．根据英语的语言规律和表达习惯，联系上下文分析原文的词汇含义、句法结构、逻辑关系和交际功能，准确理解原文所表达的言语形式和思想内容。

5．根据对原文形式和内容的理解，用地道的目的语表达手段将原文的全部信息等值地重新表达出来。

第三篇：英汉互译翻译与实践技巧1-12单元参考答案

Unit1 1.Every life has its roses and thorns.人生总是有苦有乐, 甘苦参半。(人生的道路既铺满鲜花, 又充满荆棘.)2.I’ll have Lisa where I want her.我要丽莎去哪里她就得去哪里

3.He carried his age astonishingly well.他一点儿都不显老，面容年轻得令人惊讶。4.She’d never again believe anything in trousers.她再也不愿相信任何男人了.5.He was a dead shot.However,he met his Waterloo this time.他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭到惨败。/ 他遭遇了滑铁卢。6.Nixon was pleased by the distinction,but not overwhelmed.尼克松对受到的破格礼遇非常高兴，但并没有受宠若惊。7.Yet China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.而中国是一片令人惊讶、日新月异的土地。

8.After the failure of his last novel,his reputation stands on slippery ground.、他上一篇小说写砸了, 他的名声从此岌岌可危.9.Mrs.Sawyer looked radiant,too,and for the first time gobbled up her dinner like a little pig.索耶太太也容光焕发，第一次大口大口吃饭，活像一只小猪。10.He walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时有哪个一条大手绢抹去他那鳄鱼的眼泪。

11.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it,of not being conscious of health until we are ill.还是那句老话：物失方知可贵，病时倍思健康。

12.When we are in buoyant health,death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it.The days stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks,hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.当我们年富力强时，死亡几乎是难以想象的事。我们很少想到死。来日方长，前途无量。于是，我们忙于琐碎的事物，根本意识不到我们对生命的漠然态度

13.A greeting card can warm a heart,hold a hand ,lend an ear,pat a back light up a face,tickle a funny bone,dry an eye,surprise a child,woo a sweetheart,toast a bride,welcome a stranger,wave a good-bye,shout a bravo,blow a kiss,mend a quarrel,ease a pain,bost a morale,stop a worry and start a tradition.一张贺卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手，倾听肺腑言，轻拍友人背；它令人喜洋洋，缭的心痒痒，抹去泪汪汪；它给孩子以惊喜，给恋人一温存，给新娘以祝福，给路人以欢迎；它可用以挥手告别，高声喝彩，送上飞吻，也可以平息争吵，减轻痛苦，提高士气，解除忧虑，开创一种新风尚。

Unit2 1.Needing some light to see by,the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade.夜贼需要一点亮光来辨识四周，于是轻步穿过房间，去点亮带有浅绿色灯罩的灯。2.All citizens in this nation are subject to the law.这个国家的全体公民都必须服从法律。3.Payment are subject to change in keeping with inflation 支付随通货膨胀的变化而变化。.4.Subject to the fulfilment of other formalities,they shall be granted all necessary permits.在他们履行其他正式手续的条件下，可授予他们一切必要的执照 5.Before it begins to work,the yeast is subject to disruption caused by fluctuations in temperature.酵母在发酵之前，易受温度起伏变化的干扰。

6.Accession shall be subject to approval of a two-third vote of the Directors of the Government Body.就任须得到董事会三分之二以上的成员同意。

7.Samples are subject to a series of tests in the lab,te object of which is largely to determine the correct processing methods to be adopted in each case.样品在实验室经过一系列的检验，其主要目的在于针对不同情况来决定采用恰当的加工方法。

8.The mechanism o the process,slow and delicate,often escapes our attention.这种作用过程既缓慢又微妙，经常逃过微妙的注意。9.Under capitalism drugs and alcohol are used by some as an escape mechanism.在资本主义社会，毒品和酒被一些人用作逃避现实的途径。

10.But people are apt to marvel at an ingenious mechanism and obliterate the man who makes it.但是人们往往对精巧的器械大为惊异，却忘记了制造它的人。11.Perhaps this is the very mechanism of the creators of our nation who hold these truths to be self-evident.我们国家的缔造者们认为这些真理是不言而喻的，或许这正是他们的匠心所在。12.And,again as a result of the development of modern technology,mechanism in philosophy became an upstart.随着现代技术的发展，哲学中的机械论再度变得盛极一时。13.The two model cariants of the socialist economic mechanism are to be distinguished from the point of view of market function.对于社会主义经济体制的两种模式需要从市场功能的观点来加以区别。

Unit3 1.With the passage of time,my admiration for him grew more more and more.我对她的仰慕之情与日剧增

2.He has long been an enemy of stilted and pretentious English.他一向反对矫揉造作的英语

3.The audience attended the performance varied from tens to thousand.看演出的观众少则几十人，多则数千人。

4.Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievement you have made in this direction

思想独立的观察家们对你们这方面所取得的成就给予了很好的评价。5.No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back to 36 yeares ago.难怪老一辈的许多人一见到它就会想到36年前的往事。

6.There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.目前我国各地对各种消费品的需求量已大大的增加。

7.Out of all the glorious tales written about the U.S.revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a blank man was the first to die for American independence

读遍了关于美国为摆脱关于英国统治争取独立而进行革命的堂皇纪事，也很艰难弄清第一个为美国独立捐躯的原来是个黑人。

8.I buried my head under the miserable sheet and rug,and cried like a child

我心理十分难受，一头扎进被单和毯子中，像孩子一样哭了起来。9.The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing ,小偷战战兢兢地坦白了所干的坏事。

10.The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering around the two men.水手们欢欢乐乐，蜂拥而至，将这两人围城一团。

11.I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support of water.我喜爱那洁净的暖风吹拂在我的皮肤上使我陶然欲醉，也喜爱那清凉的流水吧我的身体托浮在水面上。

12.It was a truth of which I had for some time been conscious that a figure with a good deal of frontage was ,as one might say ,almost never a public instituin.一段时期以来，我注意到了一条普遍规律，不妨说，仪表堂堂的人大抵不是什么社会名流。

Unit4 1.Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.海洋与其说是分隔了世界不如说是连接了整个世界。2.When she came to, she saw smiling faces around her.她苏醒过来，看见周围一张张笑脸。

3.The planet we live on is not just a ball of inert material.我们居住的星球并不仅仅是一个由惰性物质组成的球体。4,。The pupil of the eye responds to the change of light intensity.瞳孔随光线的强弱变化而缩小放大。

5.Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.勇敢过度，即成蛮勇，感情过度，即成软弱，简约过度，即成贪婪。6.Reading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man..读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔写使人准确。

7.Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.热情的主义又是切肉，又是倒茶，又是上菜，又是切面包，谈啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙个不停。

8.This digital camera is easy to operate, versatile, compact and has a pleasing modern design.这种数码相机操作简便，功能齐全，结构紧凑，造型美观。9.A scientific hypothesis can be proven-or, perhaps more importantly, disproven-but a poem, a picture, or a piece of music, cannot.一条科学假设可以被证实，或被否定，后者可能更为重要。而一首诗，一张画，或一曲音乐却不能。

10.Histories make men wise;poets witty;mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.读史使人明智，读诗人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修饰之学使人善辩。

Unit5 1．If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.你要是迁就他，他会得寸进尺。

2.Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。

3.The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.与人同乐才是真乐。

4.It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it.说有饭大家吃并不完全正确。

5.There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness.他从容不迫，和蔼可亲。|他举止不慌不忙，十分友好。

6.Radioactivity may cause illness that could be passed on to our children and grandchildren.放射线可以引起遗传性疾病。

7.Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as pathogenic, or disease-producing germs.会引起疾病的细菌称为致病菌。

8.For generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source to transport men from place to place.世世代代以来，煤和石油一直被认为是人员运输的主要能源。

9．Patients with influenza must be separated from the well lest the disease should spread from person to person.流感病人必须与健康的人隔开，以免疾病传播。

10.Among the 18 species of penguins, 8 have chosen the environs of the South Pole as their habitats.在18种企鹅中，有8种栖息在南极四周。

11.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.这些发展中国家，土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。

12.In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断进行斗争。13.Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees.Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.冬天是研究树木生长的最好季节；虽然树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却很美丽。14.Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge, has given man the practical result of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others.人类对科学的研究，对知识的寻求，其实际结果是使自己具有抵御天灾人祸的能力。

Unit 6 1.It is easy to see what weight can be overcome and what thrust is necessary to maintain flight.要知道应该抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能保持飞行，这很容易。2.He was dumb-founded at her insistence that he explain where every cent of his allowance had gone.她非要他讲清楚他的每一分钱都到哪儿去了，他哑口无言。3.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。

4.Behaviorist,in contrast,say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other vantages that whites enjoy.相反，行为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。

5.He would be a rash man who should yenture to defy world public opnion and act arbitrarily.如果有人敢于公然蔑视世界公众舆论而一意孤行，那他一定是个鲁莽之徒。6.I was all the more delighted when,as a result of th einitiative of your government,it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重提访问之事，这使我感到特别高兴。7.Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking,of former plaiins seen heaved aloft,of fires flashing out amid the ruin.大山沉陷，平原隆起，火焰喷射，周围是一片废墟，这些都有报道。

8.The president has also called for an annual moment of silence at8;46 a.m.Eastern time,when the first plane hit the first tower.总统也号召每年的这一天，在东部时间8:45，也就是当第一架飞机撞上第一座塔楼的时刻全国默哀。

9.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing。

如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，即使其中不含任何有害的物质，也会引起严重的疾病。

10.Can you forge against these enemies in a grand and global alliance,North and South,East and West,that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind ? Will you join in that historic effort? 你们能不能部分东南西北，建立起一个对付这些敌人的全球联盟，以保证全人类享有更为丰富的生活？你们是否愿意参与这一历史的努力？

11.Many more visitors than it can comfortably accommodate poured into it ,off the regular steamers,off chartered motorboats and off yachts;all day they ambled up the towpath ,looking for what? 游客太多了，这小地方接待不过来。搭班船的、坐包船的、驾游艇的，一批批涌到，从早到晚，络绎不绝，漫步爬上纤路。他们想看什么呢？ Unit7 1.One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.新到一个陌生的邻里，越小心越好。

2.I'm wiser than to believe what you call money talks.我才不至于蠢到相信你所说的金钱是万能呢。

3.Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection.再漂亮的东西，只要仔细观察，也会发现某种缺陷。4.He would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life.叫他干什么他都愿意，只要不再过以往那种日子就行。5.I know it is a square peg in a round hole;still, it serves after a fashion.我知道此物方枘圆凿，十分不配；但尽管如此，还是勉强顶用。

6.Africa is not kicking out western imperialism in order to invite other new masters.非洲将西方帝国主义踢出国门并不是为了请进其他的新主子。7.Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity

双方都认为可以不失体面地接受这个和平方案。8.All the chemical energy of the fuel is not converted into heat 9.燃料中的所有化学能并非都可以转化成热能。

10.All graduates from the Foregin Languages Institute will not be appointed to do translation work.外语院校的毕业生并非人人被分配去做翻译工作。11.All these various losses,great as they are ,do not in any way contradict the law of conservation of energy.所有这些能量耗散，尽管很大，却都和能量守恒定律无矛盾。12.All other sources of heat besides the sun would not raise the temperature of the eatth1/4 degree F.除了太阳的热源以外，所有其他热源都不能把地球的温度升高四分之一华氏度。13.Not all sounds made by animals serve as language,and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echolocation in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.动物发出的声音并不都起语言作用。只需以发现蝙蝠的回声定位这个不同寻常的事为例，我们就能知道声音起着严格的功利作用。

14.The contemporary phenomenon of motorcar worship is to be explained not least by the sense of iindependence and freedom that ownership entails.当代社会崇尚汽车的现象其部分原因可以解释为：一个人有了汽车，便可以自由行动，不依赖他人。

15.The target is wrong,for iin attacking the tests,critics dicert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or iincompetent uses.（把标准化测试作为抨击）目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。16.One may as well be asleep to read for anything but to improve his mind and morals, and regulate his conduct.读书如果不是为了培养才德和端庄品行，还不如睡大觉好。

17.Few things are impossible in themselves：and it is often for want of will, rather than of means, that men fail of success.事情很少有做不成的；其所以做不成，与其说由于条件不够，不如说由于缺乏决心。18.In one broadcast Anna Roosevelt ,the wife of President Franklin Roosevelt ,said,”we cannot be too tired to win peace if our civilization is to go on.”

富兰克林·罗斯福总统的夫人安娜·罗斯福有一次在广播中说：“如果想使战后的文明持续下去，我们付出多大的艰辛争取也不过分。”

19.It is nothing for a big,strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus,much less stand up and offer his seat to her,as he ought.为了抢占地铁或公交汽车上的最后一个座位，身强力壮的中学生可以把老太太推开，更别提站起来给老太太让个座了----这对他们来说简直不算回事儿。他们本不应该这样做。

UNIT8 1.The oil of the world will have been used up,and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom.全世界的石油将会用尽，到那时人们将使用通过原子裂变获取的更为方便的动力。2.There are some radioactive isotopes which are produced artificially by bombardment of nuclei with neutrons.有几种放射性同位素是通过用中子轰击原子核而人造出来的。

3.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loud continuous noise.应当注意缩短人们在强噪声环境中的停留时间。4.Much has been said about the complexity of embryonic stem-cell research.关于胚胎干细胞研究的复杂性已经谈的很多了

5.Goodyear ,an American,had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard,non-stick ,and yet elastic.多年来，一个名叫古德伊尔的美国人一直在努力寻找一种方法把橡胶做的硬而不粘，但却有弹性。

6.We are taught that business letters should be written in a formal style rather than a personal one.我们学过，写商务信件要用规范的格式，而不能像个人信件那样随便。

7.She told me that her master had dismissed her.No reason had been given;no objection had been made to her conduct.She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress.她告诉我，男主人已经雇了她。没有对她说明任何理由，对她的行为也没提出任何异议。而且不许她向女主人申诉。

8.The increasing speed of scientific development will be obvious if one considers that TV ,space craft,and nuclear-power ships,which are taken for granted now,would have seemed fantastic to people whose lives ended as recently as 1920.电视机、宇宙飞船和核动力舰艇对今天的人们来说不是什么新鲜事物，但对于生活于20世纪20年代以前的人来说，却似乎是不可思议的东西。考虑到这一点，科学发展的速度之快就显而易见了。9.The rusting of iron is one example of corrosion, which may be described as the destructive chemical attack of a metal by media with which it comes in contact, such as moisture,air and water.可以认为，腐蚀状态是金属接触湿气、空气和水等介质后形成的破坏性化学侵蚀，而铁生锈只是其中的一个例子。

10.Pure science has been subdivided into physical science, which deals with the facts and relations of the physical world, and biological science, which investigates the history and makings of life on the planet.理论科学分为自然科学和生物科学，前者研究自然界各种事物和相互联系，而后者则探讨地球上生物的进化历史和形成条件。

11.It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly.Students are requested to remind themnselves of the rules of the borrowing and returning of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students.Penalties for overdue books wikk in the future be strictly enforced.近来我们发现本馆的图书库存正在急剧下降，此事令人关注。现提醒大家注意借书还书规则，别忘了其他同学也需要借阅。今后将严格执行借书规则，凡逾期不还者将照章处罚。

12.A current search of the files indicates that the letter is no longer in this bureau’s possession.It is noted that the letter was received two months ago,and after study,returned to your office.In view of the foregoing,it is regretted that your office has no record of its receipt.If the letter is found,it would be appreciated if this bureau was notified at noce.最近找到了卷宗，发现本局并无此信。根据记录，该信于两个月前收到，经研读已寄还贵处。照此看来，贵处似无收信的记录，甚为遗憾。如能查明此信，请即通知本局，不胜感激。

Unit9 1.Whatever from is used by the majority of educated speakers or writers is correct;or as Sweet puts it, “Whatever is in general use in a language is, for that reason, grammatically, correct.”

大多数受过教育的人说话或写作时使用的英语就是正确的英语，或如斯威特所说：“凡是语言中广泛使用的说法（仅仅这一理由）都可以认为在语法上是正确的。2.He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for sixteen hours a day.他吹嘘说，任何奴隶一踏上英国的土地就获得自由，而他却出卖穷人家六岁的孩子到工厂干活，每天十六小时，受尽鞭打责骂。3.It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection 认为自己的思想深奥，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念头。这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。

4.It is not that the scale in the one cases,and the balance in the other,differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.这并不是说，使用磅秤和使用天平这两种情况在构造原理或工作方式上存在什么差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上更准确的多。5.There are several reasons why he no longer appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.全世界报界曾经把他渲染成魔术师一般的人物，他也没有阻止人们制造这种错误印象，因为他自己也承认有一种自大狂的倾向。现在他也不再像是这样一种人物了，这里有几个原因。

6.….but since what used to seem to the great majority of civilized humanity the assurance of another life beyond the grave has come to seem to more and more people less certain,a feeling for the value of human life has become deeper and more widespread.但是对于绝大多数受过教育的人过去所深信的所谓人死后另有生命，现今这种观念已经为越来越多的人所怀疑，所以人们对生命的价值认识越来越深刻，其范围也越来越广。7.He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step up” toward what all Americans are thought to want when they grow up: money and power.所有美国人受的教育是长大后应该追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不要明明是朝这个目标“迈进”的工作，他为之大为解。

8.He poured into his writing all the pains of his life and the convicion it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up.他在作品里倾诉了自己一生的痛苦和这种痛苦给他带来的一种信念，认为如果受剥削的阶级奋起反抗，世界就会变得更美好。

9.There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation.很久以来，海员中有一种迷信，认为海豚会把快四的人推到水面把他们救起，或者在溺水人周围形成防御队形，保护他们不受鲨鱼伤害。

10.Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员。11.For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.例如：测试并不弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。

12.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。

Unit10 1.Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visiter.美国人的许多风俗习惯似乎令初来乍到的游客费解。2.They saw the first glimmerings of the “new economic order”for which many Third World countries have long been clamoring.他们看到了许多第三世界国家长期呼吁的“经济新秩序”的一线曙光。

3.Late 19 century saw all the unicersities in the United States adopt the credit system,which benefited students a great deal.19世纪末，美国所有大学已实行学分制，学生们从中受益匪浅。4.Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others.我们每天都要做出选择，其选择结果会影响自己的生活，有时也影响别人的生活。5.While at a mueum , one can frequently rent a small recording machine that will eplain the objects on display as you move through the museum.在博物馆参观的时候，常常可以租用一个小录音机，一面参观，一面听有关展品的录音解说。

6.The fire season takes care of the property that managed to survive the deluge.勉强躲过洪水劫难的财物，又在火灾多发期被吞噬了。

7.In countries where people remain in one town or city for most of their lives,the social customs are quite different.有些国家的人民几乎终生未离开过某一乡镇或城市，所以其社会风俗大不相同。8.In fact,many Americans who could afford to hire a cook or driver do not employ them.其实，许多美国人都花得起钱请厨师，雇司机，但他们不那么做。9.Privite schools in the US have a wide range of programs that are offered to meet the needs of certain students.美国私立学校开设的课程很多，以满足某些学生的各种需求。

10.Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it froms a part,thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputer.现在集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代的袖珍式微型计算机。

11.A few stars are known which are hardly bigger than the earth, but the majority are so large that hundreds of thousands of earths could be packed inside each and leave room to spare;here and there we come upon a giant star large enough to contain millions of millions of earths.人们所知道的几个恒星并不比地球大多少，但绝大多数恒星却非常巨大，每个星球容纳成千上万个地球还绰绰有余。我们不时可见大得足以容纳亿万个地球的巨星。12.There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be the chief interest and pride.最令女主人失望的是，她花了许多心神和费用来招待客人，可是这位客人只顾津津乐道地与她丈夫谈政治，谈生意，却没注意到香喷喷的咖啡，松软的糕点，或房间内讲究的陈设，而这些却可能是她最感兴趣并最引以为荣的东西。

thUnit 11 1.When Zhou Enlai's door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.周恩来的房门打开了。他们看到了一位身材修长的人，比普通人略高，目光炯炯，面貌引人注目，称得上英俊。

2.Inexpressible was the astonishment of the little party when they returned to find that Mr.Pickwick had disappeared.当这一小伙人回来发现皮克威先生不见了的时候，那惊愕之态简直无法形容。3.When I try to understand what is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are twp causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.为什么如此多的美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分。

4.The assertion that it was difficult,if not impossible,for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic,social and cultural development was now scarcely contested.如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。这一论断，在那时几乎无可置疑。5.Aluminum remained unknown until the 19th century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.因为在自然界的任何地方都找不到处于游离态的铝，所以直到19世纪铝才为人们所知。铝总是喜欢和其他元素结合在一起，最常见的情况是和氧的结合，因为铝对氧有很强的亲和力。

6.Marjorie has been raised by a scheming aunt to find a millionaire dollars and marry it.So when at17, she felt in love with a poor medical student, the aunt promptly arranged to take her niece abroad.In the 90s that was still standard technique.马乔里由老谋深算的姑母抚养长大。姑母总算想方设法要让她嫁一个百万富翁。因此，当马乔里十七岁那年爱上了一个学医的穷学生时，姑母马上就安排将侄女带出国。虽说是九十年代了，但这仍不失为拆散爱侣的典型做法。

Unit12 1.There are swift flowing reivers,slow,sluggish rivers,mighty rivers with several mouths,rivers that carry vast loads of alluvium to the sea,clear,limpid rivers,rivers that at some seasons of the year have very much more water than at others,reivers that are made to generate vast quantities of electricity by their power,and rivers that carry great volumes of traffic.有的河水流湍急，有的河流速缓慢，有的大河出海口有好几处，有的河带着大量冲击土入海，有的河清澈见底，有的河的水量在一年中的某些季节较少，而在某些季节里却多得多，有的河可利用其动力大量发电，有的河承担着大量的交通运输。2.Is the claim of the G&C Merriam Company,propably the world’s greatest dictionary maker,that the preparation of the work cost $3.5 million,that it required the efforts of three hundred scholars over a period of twenty-seven years,working on the largest collection of citations ever assembled ini any language---is all this a fraud,a hoax?

G&C麦里姆公司大概是世界上最大的字典编纂者。它声称这项编纂工作耗资350万美元，300多名学者为此辛勤工作长达27年，对搜集到的语言中最大量的词语例证作了编辑加工。难道它声称的所有这些是为了欺骗和愚弄人民的吗？

3.All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.为了保证全体会员国拥有加入本组织后应获得的权益，所有会员国应一秉诚意，履行依照本宪章所承担之义务。

4.Americans who would be patriots must try to learn what it is that they have in common, what it is in the public that is worth cherishing and preserving;until they know that, their patriotism will have no more content than a bright, loud afternoon parade.美国人如果想要成为真正的爱国之士，就必须努力探求他们之间的共同之处，努力探求在这个国度里值得珍惜和恪守不渝的究竟是什么。如果他们做不到这一点，那么他们的所谓爱国主义充其量只是一场自我炫耀的午后大旅行。

5.Computer language may range from detailed low level close to that immediately understood by the particular computer,to the sophisticated high level which can be rendered automatically acceptable to a wide range of computers.计算机语言有低级的也有高级的。前者比较详细，很接近于特定计算机直接能懂的语言；后者比较复杂，适应范围广，能为多种计算机所自动接收。

第四篇：英汉词汇互译

英汉词汇互译的若干方法

(一)准确理解词义

1.根据上下文辨词义。

2.论褒贬，即要注意同义词之间有不同的语体色彩、使用范围及程度。

任何语言都有语体之分，有高雅的、通俗的、粗野 的，还有俚语、公文用语及术语等。文学作品中，作家通过不同的语体来刻画人物的性格特征，更是常用的方法。翻译时，必须审其雅俗，量其轻重，这样，才能恰如其分地表达原文的精神。

(1)词义有轻重的不同

例如表示“打破”的词

break是最一般的用语，意思是经打击或施加压力而破碎。

crack是出现了裂缝，但还没有变成碎片。

crush是从外面用力往内或从上往下而压碎。

demolish是破坏、铲平或削平(如土堆、建筑物、城堡等)。

destroy是完全摧毁，使之无法复原。

shatter是突然使一物体粉碎。

smash旧指由于突如其来的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。

又如表示“闪光”的词

shine照耀；指光的稳定发射。

glitter闪光；指光的不稳定发射。

glare耀眼；表示光的最强度。

sparkle闪烁；指发射微细的光度。

(2)词义有范围大小和侧重面的不同

在一定上下文中，在agriculture，farming，cultivation，agronomy四个词中：griculture指农业科学、农业技术、整个农业生产过程，所包含的范围最广。farming指农业的实践。cultivation指农业物的栽培过程。agronomy指把科学原理运用到农业耕作中去的实践。

又如在empty，vacant，hollow这组同义词中，它们各自有不同的形容对象和强调的内容：

empty可以用来形容house，room，cup，box，stomach，head，words等词，表示“空的，一无所有。”

vacant可以用来形容position，room，house，seat等词表示“没有人占用的，空缺的。”hollow可以和tree，voice，sound，cheeks等词连用，表示“空洞的，虚的，不实的，下陷的。”

(3)词义有感情色彩(如憎恶、蔑视、讽刺、诅咒、尊敬、亲昵等等)和语体色彩(如庄严、高雅、古朴、俚语、方言词语、公文用语、委婉词等等)的不同。如“死”就有许多委婉的说法：

to expire 逝世

to pass away 与世长辞

to close(end)one's day 寿终

to breathe one's last 断气

to go west 归西天

to pay the debt of nature 了结尘缘

to depart to the world of shadows 命归黄泉

to give up the ghost 见阎王

to kick the bucket蹬腿You can kick everything but you can not kick the bucket.to kick up one's heels 蹬腿

又如“怀孕”也有许多委婉的说法：

She is having a baby.She is expecting.She is in the family way.She is knitting little booties.She is in a delicate condition.She is in an interesting condition.又如“警察”：

policeman 正式用语

cop 美国口语

bobby 英国口语

nab 美国俚语

3.看搭配。任何一种语言，在长期使用的过程中，会形成一种固定的词组或常见的搭配。这些比较固定的说法，有时可以译成另一种语言，有时则不行。翻译时，必须注意英汉两种语言中词的不同搭配。

以kill为例：

He killed the man.他杀死了那个人。

He killed his chances of success.他断送了成功的机会。

He killed the motion when it came from the committe e.他否决了委员会提出来的动议。

He killed three bottles of whisky in a week.他一周内喝光了三瓶威士忌。

kill the peace 扼杀和平

kill the promise 取消诺言

kill a marriage 解除婚约

还要注意英汉定语与名词的搭配不同：

heavy crops 丰收

heavy news 令人悲痛的消息

heavy road 泥泞的路

heavy sea 波涛汹涌的海洋

heavy heart 忧伤的心

heavy reader 沉闷冗长的读物

又如：

a broken man 一个绝望的人

a broken soldier 一个残废军人

a broken promise 背弃的诺言

a broken spirit 消沉的意志

broken money 零钱

国际著名品牌趣译

许多国际著名品牌源于很平凡的名字，译为中文必须有巧思。

如果把营销比喻成一场战役，那么成功的品牌名称就像一面不倒的军旗。国际品牌在全球范围内营销，必然要跨越种种文化障碍，如语言差异、消费习惯差异、宗教差异等。把品牌译为中文必须有巧思。

由于西方国家的文化比较相似，所以某一个国家的品牌比较容易为其他国家所接受。中华文化与西方文化差异较大，因此，国外品牌要打入华人市场，必须慎重考虑命名问题。商品经济现象的复杂，使西方品牌名称的翻译超越了语言学概念，而上升到文化心理和市场重新定位层面。

麦当劳：蕴含多层意义，比如麦当劳，英文名称是“McDonald’s”，它是店主人名字的所有格形成。西方人习惯以姓氏给公司命名，像爱迪生公司、华尔特·迪斯尼公司、福特公司。但是华人通常喜欢以喜庆、兴隆、吉祥、新颖的词汇给店铺命名，如“百盛”、“天润发”、“好来顺”、“全聚德”、“喜来登”。McDonald是个小人物，他比不上爱迪生，人家是世界闻名的大科学家，也不如迪斯尼，因为迪斯尼成了“卡通世界”的代名词，所以如果老老实实地把“McDonald’s”译成“麦克唐纳的店”，就过于平淡，而“麦当劳”就非常成功：

一，大致保留了原发音；

二，体现了食品店的性质；

三，蕴涵着“要吃麦就应当劳动”的教育意义；

四，风格既“中”又“洋”，符合华人的口味。

可口可乐：绝妙之译，众所周知，“可口可乐”就是“CocaCola”，但是却很少有人追问一句：那是什么意思？原来Coca和Cola是两种植物的名字，音译为古柯树和可乐树，古柯树的叶子和可乐树的籽是该饮品的原材料，古柯叶里面含有古柯碱，也叫可卡因（有时用做局总麻醉药，尤其用于眼睛、鼻子或喉咙，还因其兴奋性和刺激性而广泛用做毒品）。这样枯燥乏味甚至有点可怕的名字居然被翻译成“可口可乐”，真是CocaCola公司的化腐朽为神奇。“可口可乐”译名的成功之处在于：

一，保留了原文押头韵的响亮发音；

二，完全抛弃了原文的意思，而是从喝饮料的感受和好处上打攻心战，手段高明；

三，这种饮品的味道并非人人喜欢，很多人甚至觉得它像中药，但它却自称“可口”，而且喝了以后还让人开心。善于进行自我表扬，讨好大众。

上述两例是保留原品牌名称发音，而改变原意的成功范例。其他如中国译为“奔驰”，新马译为“马赛地”的名牌汽车，原文“MercedesBenz”是该汽车公司老板爱女的名字，译为“奔驰”是删除了复杂的Mercedes，简洁而响亮。

“Ikea”译为“宜家”是高招，再如“Ikea”家具品牌，即便在瑞典也很少有人知道它的意思，是聪明的中译者赋予它“宜家”这美好的含义。实际上，Ikea是该品牌的创始人IngvarKamprad和他的农场名Elmtaryd及村庄名Agunnaryd的词首字母组合。

有的品牌名称只进行音译，如“麦斯威尔”咖啡，仅仅是“Maxwell”的发音而已。由于它的诉求对象是白领阶层，尤其是“外向型”白领，因此这个名字是成功的。但如果想让广大华人买账，就不如“雀巢”。在雀巢咖啡刚进入中国大陆时，听村里的农民议论：“雀巢”咖啡就是“鸟窝”咖啡。即使没文化的人也对它产生兴趣，可见名称的戏剧性效果非常有利于提高品牌的知名度。

名牌手机“诺基亚”，芬兰文原名“Nokia”，是厂子所在小镇的名字，很显然，译文比原文更富有高科技感，好像还有点“承诺亚洲”的味道。

“福士伟根”跟希特勒有关，有的品牌名称只进行意译。如“福士伟根”（中国称“大众汽车”），德文原名“Volkswagen”，Vokls的意思是人民大众，Wagen是汽车。

关于“福士伟根”，还有一段鲜为人知的来历：19世纪二三十年代，汽车非常昂贵，只属于少数富人。希特勒上台后，宣称要为全体劳动大众制造汽车，汽车的牌子就叫“Volkswagen”，他号召人们每月省下一些钱，建立“汽车存款”，若干年后家家有汽车。可是不久战争爆发，汽车厂忙着造战争机器去了。然而战后大众汽车的品牌名称却保留了下来。

还有一类是以简称进行跨国界统一传播，比如慕尼黑的一家汽车厂，德文全称是BayerischeMotorenWerke（拜耶里奇飞机引擎生产厂），简称为BMW，后来它不仅生产飞机发动机，还扩展到越野车、摩托单车、高级轿车。现在没有人关心BMW到底是什么意思，BMW三个字母围绕的蓝白徽标，已成为成功和信誉的标志。其中文名称“宝马”是多么浪漫、简洁、贴切。

再如，Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company（明尼苏达矿业及制造公司），就是我们熟知的3M公司。西方人对品牌名称的要求比较单纯：一，简单易记；二不重复；三，在别国语言里不会产生误解，对宗教信仰不要有侮辱性含义。为安全起见，有些厂家就干脆造一个新词，如康柏公司“Compaq”（美国电脑生产商）来源于Compact（电脑术语，意思是密集的、压紧的），把词尾变成q，就构成一个新词，它很容易使人联想到源词，使公司的行业特征非常明显。

感冒症状表达法

1.I've got a cold./ I've got a bad cold.我感冒了。/ 我感冒很严重。

2.I've got a runny nose./ My nose is running.我流鼻水。

3.I've got a sore throat.我喉咙痛。

4.I've been coughing day and night.我早晚都在咳嗽。

5.I can't stop sneezing.我打喷嚏打个不停。

6.I've got a temperature./ I'm running a high fever.我发烧了。/ 我发高烧。

7.I've got a very bad headache./ This headache is killing me.我头很痛。/我头快痛死了。

8.I feel sore and ache all over.我觉得全身酸痛。

9.I feel like I'm dying.我觉得我好象要死了一样。

10.I feel dizzy./ My head is swimming.我头晕。/ 我头昏脑胀的。

关于[缘]的表达

缘分 predestined relationship

缘 reason;cause;sake, relationship, edge;fringe, climb

血缘 blood relationship

人缘 relations with people

姻缘 predestined marriage

前世因缘 predestination

天赐良缘 a godsent marriage;a good marriage arranged in Heaven

天缘巧合 a luck coincidence

喜结良缘 tie the nuptial knot

缔结姻缘 form marital tie

聊得投缘 talk congenially

有缘结识某人 be lucky to get acquainted with sb.无缘结识某人 have no opportunity to get acquainted with sb.

第五篇：英汉拟声词互译.

英文拟声词与翻译

试看译例：

1.风萧萧，雨萧萧，马萧萧。

The wind whistled, the rain pattered and the horse neighed.2.Thunder began to rumble.雷声开始隆隆地响。3.The cart rumbled past.车轱辘轱辘地过去了。

4.His stomach rumbled emptily.他肚子空空如也咕噜咕噜地叫。

5.哒哒哒哒哒！咚！咚！李先生突然抱着头直跳起来，但随即像一块木头似的倒下去。Rat-ta-ta-ta, boom!boom!Wrapping his arms around his head, Mr.Li leaped up, but immediately fell forward like a log.6.这个时候，长城线上，烽火连天，一辆囚车，却囚着革命英雄，向南急驰。

At a time when the war was raging along the Great Wall, a Carriage, carrying this

revolutionary hero, went rumbling swiftly southwards.7.Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels and have not charity, I am become a sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal.我若能说万人的方言，并天使的话语，却没有爱，我就成了鸣的锣，钹一般。

8.She drew one out.R-ratch!Now it sputtered and burned.她抽出一根或才，哧！啪！一下子燃着了。

有关拟声词的译法：

一、同一个拟声词，如例1中的“萧萧”，在不同的上下文或结构中，应根据译文的语言习惯或地道用法，选用不同的与原文意义对应的词或表达方式。

二、根据上一条，自然可以从另一面总结出第二种方法，即原文不同句中的几个不同拟声词可以译成同一个词。如“隆隆地响”、“咕噜咕噜地叫”、“ 轱辘轱辘”均可译成同一个英文拟声词 rumble, 其基本意思是 “make a deep, heavy, continuous sound”。

三、原文中有拟声词，译文中也用拟声词相对应。有的译为独词句，有的译为动词或名词的辅助成分。有时可以将英文的拟声词译为汉语中较为抽象的“..........的叫，...........声”，如he seemed to hear about him the rustle of unceasing and innumberable wings，耳际仿佛传来无数翅膀的拍击声。

四、原文中没用拟声词，但很生动，如例6中的“向南疾驰”，也可以译成拟声词。增加拟声词可以增加效果，如The logs were burning briskly in the fire.木柴在火中哔哔剥剥烧的正旺。

五、与上一方法相对应，原文中用了拟声词，译文中可以不用拟声词，而是用其他能产生同样效果的词语，如例7。译文也可以不用拟声词而直叙其动作，如They splashed through the mire to the village.他们一路踏着泥水向村子去。

关于动物叫声的拟声词不管是在英语还是汉语中，都很具体，在互译中要特别注意选准具体词语。英国人说“......动物怎么叫？”“What dose a XXX go?”现将最常用的具体词语列举如下：

A bee hums(buzzes, drones).蜜蜂嗡嗡（哼哼）的叫。

A fly hums(buzzes, drones).苍蝇嗡嗡叫。

A mosquito hums(buzzes, drones).蚊子哼哼（嗡嗡）叫。

A bird twitters(chirps, chirrups).鸟叫（叽叽喳喳的叫）。

A sparrow twitters(chirps, chirrups).麻雀吱吱喳喳叫。

A cicada chirps(chirrups).知了啾啾叫。

A cricket chips(chirrups).蟋蟀唧唧叫。A crow caws(croaks).乌鸦哇哇叫。

A dove/ pigeon coos.鸽子咕咕叫。

A magpie chatters.喜鹊喳喳叫。

A nightingale jugs(jug-jugs).夜莺歌唱。

An owl hoots(whoops).猫头鹰叫。

A parrot squawks.鹦鹉叫。

A wild-goose honks.雁叫。

A crane whoops.（风声）鹤叫。

A bull bellows(lows).公牛哞哞叫。

A cow moos(lows).母牛哞哞叫。

A calf bleats.小牛哞哞叫。A goat bleats.山羊咩咩叫。

A lamb bleats(baas).小羊咩咩叫。A sheep bleats(baas).绵羊咩咩叫。A deer bleats.鹿叫。

A hen cackles(chucks, chuckles, clucks).母鸡咯咯叫。A chick cheeps(pips, peeps).小鸡唧唧叫。

A cock crows.公鸡喔喔叫。

A duck quacks.鸭子呱呱叫。

A goose cackles(gaggles).鹅嘎嘎叫。

An elephant trumpets.大象叫。

A fox yelps.狐狸叫。

An ass brays(hee-haws).驴叫。

A horse neighs(whinnies, knickers).马叫。

A lion roars.狮吼。

A tiger growls.虎啸（吼，叫）。

A turkey gobbles.火鸡（咯咯）叫。

A whale blows.鲸鱼（扑扑）叫。

A wolf howls(growls).狼（嚎，号）叫。

A frog croaks.青蛙哇哇叫。

A monkey screeches(chatters, gibbers, jabbers).猴子叫（猿啼，猿啸）。

A mouse squeaks(peeps).老鼠吱吱（唧唧）叫。

A snake hisses.蛇声咝咝。

A cat miaows(miaus, mews, purrs).猫咪咪叫。

A dog barks(yaps, yelps, bays, snarls, growls, howls).狗汪汪叫（狂叫等）。

A pig grunts(squeals).猪咕噜咕噜（哼哼）叫。

其它一些拟声词：

1、金属磕碰声

当啷

clank,clang

2、形容金属的响声 当当 rattle

3、金属、瓷器连续撞击声 丁零当啷 jingle, jangle, cling-clang

4、鼓声、敲门声 咚咚 rub-a dub, rat-tat, rat-a-tat

5、脆响的（关门）声 吧嗒 clik

6、敲打木头声 梆梆 rat-tat，rat-at

7、重物落下声 咕咚 thud, splash, plump

8、东西倾倒声 哗啦 crash, clank

9、风吹动树枝叶声 飒飒 sough, rustle

10、树枝等折断声 嘎巴 crack, snap

11、不大的寒风声 瑟瑟 rustle

12、踩沙子、飞沙击物或风吹草木 沙沙、飒飒 rustle

13、飞机螺旋桨转动 呼呼 whirr

14、雨点敲击房顶 噼里啪啦 patter

15、水流动声 拔拉 splash, gurgle

16、物体受压 嘎吱 creak

喀嚓 crack, snap

17、溪水、泉水流动声 潺潺 murmur, babble, purl

18、液体、沸腾、水流涌出或大口喝水声 咕嘟 babble, gurgle

19、重物落地声 扑通 flop, thump, splash, pit-a-pat 20、笑声、水、气挤出声 扑哧 titter, snigger, fizz

21、雷声、爆炸声、机器声 隆隆 hum, rumble, roll

22、汽笛或喇叭声 呜呜 toot, hoot, zoom

23、油在锅里 滋滋 sizzle

24、鞭炮爆炸声 噼啪 pop

25、脚踏楼板声 登登 clump