第一篇:形容词变副词的规则
形容词变副词的规则:
①一般直接加,“ue”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“l”结尾照样加(ly)。
②“ll”结尾,只加y,“le”结尾e改y。
分别举例:
wise—wisely true—truly,happy—happily,real—really;helpful--helpfully full—fully possible—possibly.1.一般情况下直接加“ly”,如quick---quickly,wise-wisely,polite-politely,nice-nicely ,glad-gladly, 形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀:
另外:
一、在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;hopeful-hopefully;slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly
二、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,如果读/i/要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily ,happy-happily, hungry-hungrily,如果读/ai/就直接加ly
如 shy-shyly dry-dryly sly-slyly
三、某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e如le结尾先去掉e,然后再加-y和以
-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,-ly。如元音字母加ly时直接加ly如sole-solely如: terrible-terribly;true-truly;simple, terrible, incredible, probable,gentle-gently
另外,副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,如:loud(adj.)-aloud(adv.)
此外,部分名词加后缀也可变成副词,如:part-partly。
例句: It is partly her fault.有部分是她的错。
需注意: friendly;motherly;lovely等词是形容词而非副词。
再看转化副词。在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词,如early, much, fast, little, wide, loud等。由于这类词词性虽不同,但词形却一样,这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。例句:Thank you very much.(adv.)多谢。There is much water in the river.(adj.)河里有很多水。The music is too loud.Please turn it down.(adj.)音乐声太大,请调低点。He speaks loud enough.So everyone in the room can hear what he said.(adv.)
他说话的声音很大,所以房间里每个人都能听到他的话。
另外,还有一类副词和形容词词义相同,但拼写却不同,如well和good。例句He speaks good English.他讲一口流利的英语。He speaks english well.现在分词:现在分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成,这是规则的现在分词构成。如work-working。但在下列情况下,拼写应作相应的变化:1,以不发音的-e结尾的动词,须去掉e再加-ing,如come-coming,write
-writing。但当将-e去掉会引起发音变化时,最后的-e就应保留,如agree-agreeing,see-seeing。另外,-e为元音时,-e应保留,如canoe-canoeing。2,动词是闭音节的单音节词,或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,这个辅音字母须双写,再加-ing,如sit-sitting,run-running;begin-beginning,foget-fogetting。3,少数几个以-ie结尾的单音节动词,须变-ie为y,再加-ing,如die-dying,tie-tying,lie-lying。
动词的过去式和过去分词的构成有规则和不规则两种。规则动词的过去
式和过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成,如work-worked。在以e结尾 的动词后加-d,如hope-hoped,agree-agreed。在以辅音字母+y结尾的动词后先将y变为i后再加-ed,如carry-carried,study-studied。以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母式,须双写这个辅音字母再加-ed,如clap-clapped,plan-planned,admit-admitted。少数双音节动词,尽管重音在第一个音节,仍双写末尾的辅音字母,然后再加-ed(现在分词亦如此)。如
travel-travelled,program-programmed。
英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加ed构成,而不规则动词的变化因
词而异。
不规则动词表
A---A---A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形)
动词原形(现在式)过去式 过去分词
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割,切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 让
put put put 放下
read read read 读
hurt hurt hurt 伤
2.A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)
beat beat beaten 打
3.A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)
come came come 来
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
overcome overcame overcome征服,打败,克服
4.A---B---B型
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
(3)
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
(4)
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
fight fought fought 战斗
think thought thought 想
(5)
sleep slept slept 睡
feel felt felt 觉得
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫
(6)
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
(7)
win won won 得胜
(8)
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
(9)
find found found 发现
get got got 得到
hold held held 盛,握
leave left left 离开
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见
shoot shot shot 射击
dig dug dug 挖
(10)
shsmell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,闻
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
(11)
tell told told 告诉
sell sold sold 卖
(12)
sit sat sat 坐
have had had 有
5.A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷
give gave given 给
freeze froze frozen 冻结
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛,扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飞
draw drew drawn 拉,绘画
show showed shown 展示
(2)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎,折断
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 饮
(4)其他不规则动词的变化。
be(am, is)was/ were been 是
be(are)were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿
第二篇:形容词变副词的规则
形容词变副词的规则: 1.一般情况下直接加“ly”,如quick---quickly 2.以“y”结尾的,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”,如happy---happily 少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。例如:true-truly等。
但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如:polite-politely, wide-widely等。形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀: 一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y。
分别举例如下: quick—quickly, true—truly, happy—happily, possible—possibly.多音节y结尾的词 将y改为i后加ly easy-easily happy-happily heavy-heavily 单音节y结尾的词 直接加ly gay-gayly(gaily)
sly-slyly(slily)以ve结尾的词 去e加ly true-truly 以le结尾的词 去e加y gentle-gently
possible-possibly 其他以e结尾的词 一律加ly nice-nicely wise-wisely polite-politely 以ll结尾的词 只加y full-fully 以ic结尾的词 加ally automatic-automatically energetic-energetically 其他形容词 均加ly careful-carefully glad-gladly
表示否定的前缀
1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意)
2.in-加在形容词,名词,动词之前 incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)
3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前 impossible(不可能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)
4.il-加在以l开头的词前 illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的)
5.ir-加在以r开头的词前 irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的)
6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词,动词之前 unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业)
7.non-加在形容词,名词前 non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的)
8.mis-加在动词、名词之前 misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸)
9.dis-加在动词之前 disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系)
注意:否定前缀不是否定词,所以它不是否定句。
后缀 1.名词后缀(1)具有某种职业或动作的人
1)-an,-ain, 表示“……地方的人,精通……的人”American, historian, 2)-al, 表示”具有……职务的人“ principal, 3)-ant,-ent, 表示”……者” merchant, agent, servant, student, 4)-ar, 表示“……的人” scholar, liar, peddler
5)-ard,-art, 表示”做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者)
6)-arian, 表示“……派别的人,……主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian 7)-ary, 表示”从事……的人“ secretary, missionary 8)-ant, 表示”具有……职责的人“ candidate, graduate 9)-ator, 表示”做……的人“ educator, speculator(投机者)
10)-crat, 表示”某种政体,主义的支持者“ democrat, bureaucrat 11)-ee, 表示”动作承受者“ employee, examinee 12)-eer, 表示”从事于……人“ engineer, volunteer
13)-er, 表示”从事某种职业的人, 某地区,地方的人“ banker, observer, Londoner, villager 14)-ese, 表示” ……国人,…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese 15)-ess, 表示“阴性人称名词,actress, hostess, manageress 16)-eur, 表示”……家” amateur, littérateur
17)-ian, 表示“…地方人,信仰…教的人,从事…职业的人”Christian, physician,musician 18)-ician, 表示”精通者,……家,”electrician, magician, technician
19)-icist, 表示“……家,…….者, …….能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist 20)-ic, 表示”……者,……师“ mechanic, critic
21)-ie, 表示”爱,指小“ dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)
22)-ier, 表示”从事……职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠)23)-ine, ian, 表示“阴性人称” heroine, ballerina
24)-ist, 表示“从事……研究者,信仰……主义者” pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist 25)-ive, 表示“动作者,行为者” native, captive
26)-logist, 表示”……学家,研究者“ biologist, geologist(地质学家)27)-or, 表示”……者“ author, doctor, operator,28)-ster, 表示”做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒),songster 29)-yer, 表示“ 从事……职业者” lawyer(2).构成,具有抽象名词的含义
1)-acy, 表示”性质,状态,境遇“ accuracy, diplomacy
2)-age, 表示”状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称“ courage, storage, marriage 3)-al,a)表示”事物的动作,过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval b)表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal
4)-ance,-ence表示“性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience
5)-ancy,-ency, 表示”性质,状态,行为,过程“ frequency, urgency, efficiency, 6)-bility, 表示”动作,性质,状态“ possibility, feasibility,7)-craft, 表示”工艺,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治国策)
8)-cracy, 表示“统治,支配” bureaucracy, democracy
9)-cy, 表示“性质,状态,职位,级别” bankruptcy(破产),supremacy 10)-dom, 表示“等级,领域,状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom 11)-ery,-ry, 表示“行为,状态,习性” bravery, bribery, rivalry 12)-ety, 表示“性质,状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)
13)-faction,-facture, 表示”作成,……化,作用“ satisfaction, manufacture 14)-hood, 表示”资格,身份, 年纪,状态“ childhood, manhood, falsehood 15)-ice, 表示”行为,性质,状态“ notice, justice, service 16)-ine, 表示”带有抽象概念“ medicine, discipline, famine 17)-ing, 表示”动作的过程,结果“ building, writing, learning
18)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition, 表示”行为的过程,结果,状况“ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
19)-ise, 表示”性质,状态” exercise, merchandise(商业)
20)-ism, 表示“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为” socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 21)-ity, 表示“性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity 22)-ment, 表示”行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
23)-mony, 表示“动作的结果,状态” ceremony, testimony
24)-ness, 表示“性质,状态,程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 25)-or,-our, 表示“动作,性质,状态” favor, error, 26)-osity, 表示“动作,状态” curiosity
27)-ship, 表示”情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship 28)-th, 表示“动作,性质,过程,状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 29)-tude, 表示“性质,状态,程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)
30)-ure, 表示“行为,结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),31)-y, 表示“行为的结果,状态,性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry(3)带有场所,地方的含义
1)-age, 表示”住所,地点“ village, cottage
2)-ary, 表示”住所,场地“ library, granary(谷仓)
3)-ery, ry, 表示”工作场所,饲养所,地点“ laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)4)-ory, 表示”工作场所,住处“ factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory(4)带有学术,科技含义
1)-grapy, 表示”……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 2)-ic, ics, 表示“……学……法” logic, mechanics, optics, electronics 3)-ology, 表示“……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)4)-nomy, 表示”……学……术“ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)5)-ery, 表示”学科,技术“ chemistry, cookery, machinery 6)-y, 表示”……学,术,法” photography, philosophy(5)表示人和事物的总和,集合含义
1)-age, baggage, tonnage
2)-dom, newspaperdom(新闻界)3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood 4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁)5)-ure, legislature, judicature
(6)表示物品和物质名称的含义
1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant 2)-al, signal, pictorial(画报)3)ar, collar, pillar(石柱)
4)-er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker 5)-ery, drapery(绸缎)6)-ing, clothing, matting,7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment(7)表示“细小”的含义
1)-cle, particle,2)-cule, molecule(分子)3)-el, parcel 4)-en, chicken, maiden 5)-et, pocket, ticket
6)-etta,-ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)7)-kin, napkin)-ling, duckling, 9)-let, booklet 10)-y, baby, doggy 2.形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)-able,-ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible 2)-al, natural, additional, educational 3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican 4)-ant,-ent, distant, important, excellent 5)-ar, similar, popular, regular 6)-ary, military, voluntary
7)-ice,-atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical, 8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine 9)-ing, moving, touching, daring 10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish 11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive 12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory
13)-il,-ile,-eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)(2)表示“相象,类似”的含义
1)-ish, boyish, childish)-esque, picturesque)-like, manlike, childlike
4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 5)-some, troublesome, handsome 6)-y, milky, pasty
(3)表示“充分的”含义
1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 3)-ent, violent,(4)表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义 1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen 2)-ous, gaseous 3)-fic, scientific
(5)表示方向的含义
1)-ern, eastern, western
2)-ward, downward, forward(6)表示“倍数”的含义
1)-ble, double, treble 2)ple, triple
3)-fold, twofold, tenfold(7)表示“数量关系”的含义 1)-teen, thirteen 2)-ty, fifty
3)-th, fourth, fiftieth
(8)表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义
1)-an, Roman, European 2)-ese, Chinese,3)-ish, English, Spanish(9)表示“比较程度”的含义
1)-er, greater
2)-ish, reddish, yellowish 3)-est, highest
4)-most, foremost, topmost
(10)其他的含义-less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless 3.动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成,变成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示”使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示“使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish, 表示”使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate 4.副词后缀
1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply
2)-ward,-wards, downward, inwards, upward 3)-ways, always, sideways 4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise
第三篇:形容词变副词的规则
形容词变副词的规则:
一、在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;
hopeful-hopefully;
slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly polite-politely, wide-widely
二、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily
happy-happily
heavy-heavily
noisy----noisily
;healthy----healthily
naughty, pretty ,thirsty ,lazy,三、以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y:如:
true-truly;
四、以le 结尾的形容词,去e 加y 变成副词: terrible-terribly;;probable—probably;
gentle-gently
possible-possibly
;
responsible—responsibly comfortable----comfortably
gentle----gently
simple----simply capable有能力的simple简单的 gentle温柔enjoyable 快乐的
fashionable 时髦的 enjoyable 快乐的 comfortable 舒服的,舒适的
lovable 可爱的 washable 可洗的,耐洗的 suitable 适当的,相 1
配的
lovable 可爱的suitable 适当的,相配的
五、另外,副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,如:loud(adj.)-aloud(adv.)注意:
1.多音节y结尾的词 将y改为i后加ly
easy-easily
happy-happily
heavy-heavily 2.单音节y结尾的词 直接加ly
gay-gayly(gaily);
sly-slyly(slily)3.以ll结尾的词 只加y full-fully 4.以ic结尾的词 加ally
automatic-automatically ;energetic-energetically 5.其他形容词 均加ly
careful-carefully ;glad-gladly 6.本身既是形容词也是副词,无需改变
fast----fast
early----early
high----high
hard----hard
late----late far----far
wide----wide
alone----alone、7.虽然以ly结尾,但却是形容词,不能直接用来修饰动词 friendly
lively
lovely
lonely
likely 8.有些形容词本身即为副词,同时也有加ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样,使用时需注意
wide(形容词,宽阔的,睁大的)----wide(副词,睁大地)/widely(副词,广泛地)high(形容词,高的)----high(副词,高地)/highly(副词,高度地)hard副词容易写成hardly, hardly意思为“几乎不”,与hard无任何关系
9..形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀:
一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y。
分别举例如下: quick—quickly, true—truly, happy—happily, possible—possibly.
第四篇:以e结尾的形容词变副词
e结尾的形容词变副词 形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀: 一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y。
具体规则如下:
1.一般情况下直接加“ly”,如: quick-quickly;polite-politely;sad-sadly;imediate-immediately;recent-recently 2.少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。如:
绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如:
polite-politely;wide-widely;wise-wisely;nice-nicely
3.以“y”结尾的,且读音为 / i /,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”,如:
happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily;busy-busily 但是如果读音为 / ai /,直接加ly,如:
4.以ic 结尾的词,加ally,如: economic-economically;basic-basically;scientific-scientifically;automatic-automatically;energetic-energetically;但是public-publicly 例外。5.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y,如:
simple-simply;considerable-considerably;terrible-terribly gentle-gently;possible-possibly;
incredible-incredibly impossible-impossibly 元音字母加le时加 ly,如:sole-solely。但是whole-wholly例 外。
6.以-ll结尾时,只须加 –y,如:dull-dully;shrill-shrilly 需注意: 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如:
friendly people;motherly care;lovely dog;monthly exam;heavenly peace;a manly sport
第五篇:英语中形容词变副词的方法
.英语中形容词变副词的方法
一、在形容词词尾直接加-ly。
如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;quick-quickly;
二、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily
三、以e结尾的形容词变副词时,一般有以下三种情况:
1.一般情况下,直接在后面加ly,如:completely,strangely等;
2.以-ble结尾的形容词,将-ble变成bly.如:possibly,probably等; 3.去掉e,加ly的情况极少数,truly是比较常见的。
口诀:
一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y。分别举例如下: quick—quickly, true—truly, happy—happily, possible—possibly.注意:
一、不是所有的形容词都可以这样变成副词,例如:
hard a.硬的, 坚固的,(问题, 工作等)困难的, 艰苦的, 猛烈的, 确实的 adv.努力地, 辛苦地, 坚硬地, 牢固地, 接近地, 猛烈地
hardly adv.刚刚, 几乎不 也就是说hardly不是hard 的副词形式。friendly;motherly;lovely等词是形容词而非副词
二、英语中有很多词既是形容词也是副词
low a.低的, 浅的, 消沉的, 微弱的, 粗俗的, 卑贱的, 体质弱的 adv.低下地, 谦卑地, 低声地, 低价地
三、副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,如:loud(adj.)-aloud(adv.)部分名词加后缀也可变成副词,如:part-partly。
4.5 副词及其基本用法
副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。
一、副词的位置: 1)在动词之前。
2)在be动词、助动词之后。3)多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意:
a.大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b.方式副词well,badly糟、坏,hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.二、副词的排列顺序:
1)时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。
2)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。
Please write slowly and carefully.3)多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意:副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。
改错:(错)I very like English.(对)I like English very much.注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.初中英语语法专题讲座——副词
【复习要点】
和形容词一样,副词在句中也属于修饰范畴。形容词主要修饰名词,而副词则主要用于修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句,以表示程度、方式、时间、地点以及对话语的态度等。例如: ①.修饰动词的词语就是副词,如beat it heavily中的“heavily”就是副词,修饰“beat”,狠狠地打击。
②.还有的副词是修饰形容词的,常常表示程度。如extremely beautiful中的“extremely”修饰形容词“beautiful”,“极其漂亮的”
③.还有的副词本身修饰副词,和修饰形容词类似。He plays football very well.④.较特殊情况的副词可以放在句首,表一种伴随状态。例如:“Fortunately,I managed it in time“中的fortunately。幸运的,我最后及时的完成了(那件事情)。
1.副词的构成:
从形态上看,大多数副词都是由“形容词+后缀-ly”构成的,例如:slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。形容词变副词:
①.在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly ②.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily ③.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly;true-truly;gentle-gently 注意: friendly;motherly;lovely,weekly,lively等词是形容词而非副词。④.英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词,例如:daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight, well等。请比较它们的词义和用法: the high jump 跳高项目(形容词)to jump high 跳得高(副词)a fast car 行得快的汽车(形容词)to drive fast 开快车(副词)an early riser 早起的人(形容词)to get up early 起得早(副词)a straight line直线(形容词)Go straight ahead.一直朝前走。(副词)注意:兼有两种形式的副词 ①.late 与lately:
late意思是”晚“; lately 意思是”最近“。例如:You have come too late.What have you been doing lately? ②.deep与deeply:
deep意思是”深“,表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,”深深地“。例如:He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.③.high与highly:
high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much。例如:The plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.④.wide与widely:
wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是”广泛地“,”在许多地方"。例如:He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.2.副词的位置:
①.副词修饰动词时,通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如:Usually I do my homework in the evening.(句首)通常我晚上做家庭作业。I often get up at six.(句中)我常在6点起床。Please speak slowly.(句末)请慢慢说。注意:频度副词通常置于系动词、情态动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前。例如: Mary is always late for the meeting.玛丽开会老是迟到。We must always remember our friends.我们必须牢记我们的朋友。
I have never been to London.我从未去过伦敦。My mother often does morning exercises in the morning.我妈妈经常在早上做早操。
②.副词修饰形容词或副词时,通常放在形容词或副词的前面,但也有例外。如:These flowers are quite beautiful.(在形容词前)这些花相当漂亮。He works very hard.(在副词前)他工作很努力。She is old enough to go to school.(在形容词后)她已到了上学的年龄。注意:
A.副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。例如:(错)I very like English.(对)I like English very much.B.副词enough应放在所修饰的形容词、副词或动词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如:The boy is old enough to go to school.这个男孩到上学的年龄了。I know him well enough.我非常了解他。
He didn't get up early enough to catch the early bus.他起床不够早,没有赶上早班车。C.注意顺序: quite/rather a good player=a very good player.一个相当不错的球员。③.按一般规则,如果有几个时间状语,单位大的应放在单位小的后面。如:The film will begin at seven o’clock this evening.电影今晚7点开演。I was born at two o’clock on the morning of May15.④.按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时,地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如:We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon.我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。He watched TV at home last night.他昨晚在家看电视。
3.副词的基本用法:
副词在句中主要用作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子。⑴ 修饰动词,表示时间、地点、程度、方式、频度等。一般位于动词之后,如果动词有宾语,则要位于宾语之后。频度副词常位于助动词和连系动词be 之后或实义动词之前。例如:He arrived only yesterday.他是昨天才到的。There were clothes lying here and there on the floor.地板上到处都是衣服。I have been terribly worried about you all day.我一整天都非常为你担心。She plays the piano very well.她钢琴弹得很好。The boy is always asking his parents for money.那个男孩老是向他父母要钱。She never goes to the cinema.她向来不看电影。
⑵ 修饰形容词、副词、介词短语,一般前置,只有enough例外,需要后置。例如:She seems quite happy.她看上去相当愉快。You’ve done rather badly in the test.你考得够糟糕的。The wind was right in our faces.风迎面吹来。This girl is not old enough to go to school.这个女孩还没有到上学的年龄。He didn’t run fast enough to catch the train.他跑得不够快,没有赶上火车。
⑶ 用作表语,多为与介词同形的副词和表示方位的副词。例如:Is anybody in? 里面有人吗?有人在家吗?Father is away.父亲离家在外。I am downstairs and my brother is upstairs.我住楼下,我哥哥住楼上。My friend is still abroad.我的朋友还在国外。
⑷ 少数表示地点或时间的副词还可用作定语,一般位于名词之后。例如:I hope you’ll enjoy your stay here.希望你在这里过得愉快。I met a friend of mine on my way home.在我回家的路上,我碰到一位朋友。What did you think of the meeting yesterday? 你觉得昨天的会开得怎样?
⑸ 副词的比较等级用法与形容词一样,请参见《初中英语语法专题讲座——形容词》有关内容。