英语中委婉语气的表达法

第一篇：英语中委婉语气的表达法

英语中委婉语气的表达法

在每一个民族的语言里，或多或少有些关于更礼貌更客气的表达方法，也就是委婉语气表达（overtone of politeness）。西方人的委婉更是出了名的，英语学习者经过长期的英语学习和研究不难发现英语中有许多婉转口气的表达法，它使听话者觉得说话者更有涵养或更容易接受其内容，也使自己显得更有教养。那么如何讲有礼貌的英语呢？下面就用一些例子对此做一些阐述。有关请求和命令的婉转说法

这一类言语行为在不同程度上具有冒犯性，因此需要用礼貌的话把它淡化和缓解。试比较：

● Pass the water.(不礼貌)● Pass the water, please.（使对方容易接受。）

● Would you pass the water?（试探受话人是否乐意）

● Could your possibly pass the water?（询问受话人是否有做某事的可能性，很客气）

● I would be extremely grateful if your would pass the water.（假设语气陈述句，很有礼貌）● I wonder if you would be good enough to pass the water.（假设语气，很委婉）

受话人如何给对方答复，现分肯定回答和否定回答来研究。肯定回答：按礼貌程度由低到高排列。

● O.K.●(Yes,)certainly.● Yes, by all means.● Of course.I'll be only too pleased to.否定回答：当你被别人邀请参加聚会或其他等等活动而你因有事不能参加；或者人家有事相求你又确实帮不了，请求得不到满足，回答使发话人不悦，这时你不妨试试下面这些软否定： No, I'm afraid I can't;Well, I'd love to, but actually, I'm afraid I can't at present because...;I wish I could, but...;I'd love to, but...;I'd be glad to, but...;I'm afraid not,...;It's very kind of you to say, but...;I'd like to..., but...，etc.让我们用一些对话做为例子 :

● A: We plan to go to the beach after class, want to come?

B: I'd love to, but Pro.Jones wants to speak with me.● A: It never fails, It's raining hard outside and I'm stuck without an umbrella.B: I'd like to let you have mine, but I have to go out soon.● A: Will you go to the movies with me tonight? B: I'd love to, but I've caught a cold.● A: Could you possibly do me a favor?

B: Sure, What is it?

A: I've got a problem.I have to fix my table and I don't have a hammer.Could I possibly borrow yours?

B: I'm sorry.I'm afraid I don't have one.A: Oh.Do you know anybody who does?

B: Yes.You should call Charlie.I'm sure he'll be happy to lend you his.A: Thank you.I'll call him right away.● A: It's such a fine day, shall we go to the park for a walk?

B: I'd like to join you, but I find it chilly to walk outside in spite of the sun.劝告的婉转法

试比较下面句子（按从直截了当到较有礼貌的含蓄的劝告表达法排列）

● You ought to type this paper.(有强加于人的意向)

● You really should slow down at your office.● You'd better tell him the truth.● I'd advise you to take a vacation.● You should take your parents' advice, they know what's best for you.● If I were you , I'd buy another car without hesitation.（含蓄地达到劝告目的）

建议的表达法

试比较：

● I suggest you go for some advice.(不够礼貌，用于熟悉的人)

● I would suggest starting the work at once.（较委婉）

● You can read the novel now if you like.（给人选择余地，较客气）

● You could/might have a look at the novel.（客气）

● Why not call me next weekend?（有礼貌的建议）

● Why don't you find a decent job?（同 5））

● Can /may/Could/might I suggest that...?（使受话人容易接受）

● It would be better if you copy that again.（假设条件句，容易使人接受）

● I wonder if I might make the suggestion that...（用在正式场合，比如外交家的审慎的辞令风格）如何利用某些时态婉转地表达自己种种想法

从上面所举例子，我们不难发现英语中有些时态其实并不表示真正的时态，而是与英语中的委婉语气密不可分的，例如：

4.1 某些实意动词（want, wonder, think, hope等）的过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时表现在时比直接用现在时态更婉转，如：

● A: Did you want me?

B: Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help.● It's time you had a holiday.● I wish you lived closer to us.● If only you lent your book to me.● I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.● I'm wondering if I may have a word with you.● I was wondering /wondered if you'd like to come out with me one evening.● I was hoping / hoped you could send me some books.上面所举例子实际上都可以用一般现在时来代替，但是就不如用一般过去时；现在进行时或过去进行时委婉。如：

I was wondering whether you could help me do something on our wedding.这是一句非常礼貌的话，比“ Could you help me do something on our wedding?"要客气得多。它用的是过去进行时，表达的意思却是现在。这句话可以翻译成：“不知能否劳驾您在我们婚礼上帮我做点事情？”

如果我们沿用传统的时态概念，把这句话改成后者，那么，整句话的语气大变，显得生硬。更遭的是，句子产生了两种负面意义：我不知道你帮不帮我做这件事；对你否帮我做这事，我持怀疑态度。而用过去进行时，则不会产生以上错误理解。

4.2 一些情态动词或其他动词的过去时也用来表示委婉语气，实际上是虚拟语气，表假设、愿望、建议、猜测、怀疑而已。而没有时间上的差别，如：

● She might have missed the train.（既是虚拟语气，也表委婉）。

● We might all have been indulging in an illusion.● It might be an idea to try this one again.● I would suggest you copied this out again.● Sally couldn't love him.● It would be better if you wrote in ink..● You'd(You had)better be careful next time.● I'd rather you finished this off before Friday.● I'd rather you didn't look at the answer or ask others for help.● This handbag could be Mary's.● A: Could/might I smoke here?

B: Yes, of course you can./No, I'm afraid not.● Should I turn off the light?

● What should we do next?

● I should say he is just the right man for this job.● I should think your approach is correct.● I don't think he would be so absent－ minded.● It would be a pity to stop our work half－ way.● Would you like to stay here for the night?

● What would you advise me to do?

● If I had a chance, I'd major in economics.● It's a pity if they should be so obstinate

● I wouldn't go there unless they should force me to go.● We would reduce our price rather than lose the business.假如上面例子的时态变成现在时的话，意思虽然没变，但语气就不如用用过去式婉转。这就需要多模仿例句，而不必过多地考虑语法。例如：

● Can you tell me how to get to the library?

Could you tell me how to get to the library?(更委婉)

● Will you please come and help me make up the missing class?

Would you please come and help me make up the missing class?(更委婉)

当然这些词的过去式在一定的上下文当中还是有时间差别的，这里就不多举例了。

英语的婉转语气表达还可借用其他许多方式，还让我们在学习中多多体会和积累。最后以一段关于一邮递员将一份有关儿子阵亡的电报送与一位母亲的委婉劝慰来减少它对这位母亲的打击的几句话结束此文。

“ Your son is dead.Maybe it’s a mistake.Everybody makes a mistake, Mrs.Sandoval.Maybe it wasn’ t your son.Maybe it was somebody else.The telegram says it was Juan Domingo.But maybe the telegram is wrong.”这儿你感觉到 maybe一词在语气上的婉转了吗？

参考书目：《综合英语二》；

《新编英语语法教程》； 《朗文英英字典》； 《薄冰英语语法指南》； 《中学英语教材》

第二篇：英语中关于死亡的委婉表达

英语中关于“死亡”的委婉表达

我们中国人通常都很忌讳说“死”这个字，都会根据一个人的身份以及和自己的关系采用不同的说法。我们的古代会按照等级的划分有“天子死曰崩，诸侯死曰薨，大夫死曰卒，士曰不禄，庶人曰死”的说法，我们现在会说一个人“离开了我们”，“去世了”、“不在我们身边了”。同样西方虽然有很直接的die这个词，但也有很多比较委婉的说法。

1.pass away

Sadly, Georgia“s uncle passed away yesterday after a short illness.真伤心，乔治亚的叔叔昨天得了一场急病去世了。

2.pass on

I”m sorry to learn that your dear mother has just passed on.很遗憾听到你妈妈刚刚去世的消息。

pass away 和 pass on 都是暗指过世。

3.lose one"s life

一般指由于意外事故、战争等不可抗力而造成的死亡，为意外死亡。

How did he lose his life?

他是怎么死的？

4.depart

depart 也是死亡的委婉说法，意思是灵魂离开了肉体的存在去往另一个世界了。

Comrade Zhou Enlai finally departed from us.周恩来同志和我们永别了。

5.expire

expire的意思是呼气，这里引申为呼出最后一口气，暗指死亡。

The patient expired early this morning.这位病人今天早晨去世了。

6.perish

perish 指的是非自然死亡。

Many soldiers perish in battle.很多士兵在战斗中死去了。

7.go to meet one’s Maker

注意这个Maker要大写，有造物主的意思，所以去见造物主了就是灵魂回归了，也就是死亡的委婉说法，就像我们也会说某人“去见马克思了”。

He knew that he came into the world with nothing and that he would go to meet his Maker with empty hands.他知道他是一无所有的来到世上，也将会两手空空的离开人间。

第三篇：委婉表达辞职原因

问题：

我在一家公司里工作,很努力的在工作,但是我有好的建议和看法公司都不采纳,还有公司答应我过了试用期就要给我升工资,但是现在试用期过了两个月了,但是还是没有给我升工资,而且工作时间又长,谁帮我写一下,要求写得委婉一点，委婉表达辞职原因。

回答：

具体你自己写，但是你要是有骨气的话把这些意思写进去

1.我来公司已近半年，于公司未做丝毫贡献，于己倍感压力，身心疲惫。

2.工作半年，言行举止谨小慎微，必恭必敬，惟恐言行不当再遭人嗤，长此下去，堂堂七尺男儿，身上无半点血气，做人做事也失原则，辞职报告《委婉表达辞职原因》。

3.公司想做强者，急需一批高素质人才充斥其中，人力资源总监：cho.icxo.com而我却庸人一个，无才无德，素质低劣，实不忍白拿工资在此度日，恳请离去。

4.本来我想在培养我的公司里工作终老，但是生活是残酷的，巨大的生活压力迫使我抬起头来，去遥望那碧蓝的天空。

5.本人家境窘迫，苦度十年寒窗，一家N口，上有八旬老人，下有两岁子嗣，本想依靠在公司巨大的发展潜力丰衣足食，何奈家中一双双饥寒的双眼让我实在不忍再空抱有幻想而拿着微薄的收入，实在有负与公司的大力器重……

这几点很明白吧？

1.自己的创意全部被抹杀；

2.在公司没有话语权；

3.表面求贤若渴的公司完全没有诚意提升员工的待遇；

4.抱着美丽幻想的我决定不再受你的压迫。

5.薪水太少！

第四篇：英语时间表达法

英语时间表达法

一 整点的表达：

o’clock 前用数字或文字均可。文字更正式，数字更鲜明，如：6点------6 o’clock------six o’clock

8点------8 o’clock------eight o’clock

二 非整点表达的两种方法：

时 + 分

6：30 = six thirty

7：45 = seven forty-five

8：01 = eight 0 one(0 读字母o 音)

注意：

用“时 + 分”的方式表示时间，后面决不可有o’clock。分 + past + 时：表示“几点几分”，不超过半小时（包括半小时half）

分 + to + 时 ：表示超过半小时的 “几点差几分”一刻（十五分）用quarter

如：一点一刻： a quarter past one;one fifteen两点半： half past two;two thirty

三点四十五分：a quarter to four;three forty-five七点二十： twenty past seven;seven twenty

九点四十： twenty to ten;nine forty

a.m.= in the morning 如：上午九点： 9 a.m.9：00 a.m.nine a.m.p.m.= in the afternoon

各色各样的时间表达法

(1)In time for……及时到……／做……“If you go now, you will be in time for the meeting.(2)On time:准时的“Don't go to the examination late.Make sure you are on time.”

(3)Pressed for time：时间不足“I must hurry up, I am pressed for time at the moment.”

(4)Buy time：争取时间“There are ten seconds left, but Jordan carried the ball steadily to buy time instead of passing it out.”

(5)For the time being：暂时地“The company has just been formed.For the time being, it is run by the company partners.”

(6)From time to time：偶尔“They visited us from time to time, but we have never been to their house.”

(7)In the nick of time：及时“All the passengers got on board in the nick of time.”

(8)In no time：很快地“The police caught a thief and sent him to prison in no time.(9)Kill time：消磨时间“While waiting for my turn to do something,I often read something to kill time.”

(10)Time and again：屡次“Motorists were warned time and again not to throw rubbish from their cars.”

(11)Time alone will tell：时间可以证明一切“No one is certain if it is wise to emigrate to the West;time alone will tell.”

(12)Time's up：时间到了“Time's up.Stop writing and hand in your answer books now.”

(13)At the best of times：当情况最佳时“Samuel's Mandarin is not good at the best of times, not to mention when he has to speak if impromptu.”

(14)At times：有时“life as a spinster or bachelor is care-free, but the problem is that he or she may feel lonely at times.”

(15)Behind the times：过时的“Maggie's dressing style is a bit behind the times.She should try to keep up with the times by wearing fashionable dresses.”

(16)Move / keep up with the times：赶上时代“Some people's mode of thinking is outdated.They should try to move with the times so as to better fit in the present society.”

(17)The time is ripe for……的时机成熟了“The political leaders of the two countries have communicated with each other.Time is therefore ripe for closer cooperation.”

(18)With time to spare：比预期时间早“As there was no traffic

congestion, we reached the destination with time to spare.”

(19)With time/Given time：假以时间“Don't feel depressed!Things will improve with time.(20)For any length of time：短暂而已“Tom likes to work in different companies.Evidence shows that he has not held on to the same job for any length of time.”

第五篇：英语中的委婉语

（1）Death(死亡）

to be asleep in the Arms of God(本义）安睡在上帝的怀中

to be at peace(本义）平静了

to be at rest(本义）在休息

to be called to God(本义）被召唤到上帝那

to be called home(本义）被召回家

to be home and free(本义）到家自由了

to be taken to paradise(本义）被送进天堂

The call of God(本义）上帝的召唤

to depart(本义）离去

The final departure(本义）最后离去

final sleep(本义）最后一觉

to go home(本义）回家

to go to heaven(本义）进天堂

to go to one's long home(本义）回到永久之家

to go to one's own place(本义）回老家

happy land(本义）乐土

to have fallen asleep(本义）入睡了

to have found rest(本义）得到安息

to have gone to a better place(land,world,life)到一个更好得地方

in heaven(本义）在天堂

to join one's ancestors(本义）加入先人的行列

join the Great majority(本义）加入大多数

to leave this world(本义）离开今世

to pay one's fee(本义）付费

to rest(本义）休息

to rest in peace(本义）安息

to return to dust(本义）归之尘土

to sleep(本义)长眠

with God(本义)和上帝在一起

with their Father(本义)与圣父在一起

to fall(本义)倒下了

to do one's bit(本义)尽职了

to lay down one's life(本义)放下自己的生命

to be no longer with us(本义)不再与我们在一起了

to be out of pain(本义)摆脱痛苦

to breathe one's last(本义)呼了最后一口气

to cancel one's account(本义)销帐

pay one's last debt(本义)付最后一笔债

kick the bucket 翘辫子

pop off(the hooks)翘辫子

get off the hooks 脱身了

to fade away(本义)消失

to make one's exit(本义)退场

to kick off(本义)开球

to be free(本义)解脱了

to be gone(本义)去了

to be no more(本义)不复存在to close one's eyes(本义)瞑目

to come to an end(本义)结束

to go beyond(本义)到远方去

to expire(本义)呼气

to go off(本义)离去

to go one's last(本义)走到自己的终点

to go one's place(本义)回老家

to go to one's resting place(本义)到休息地去

to go to west(本义)西去

to kick the bucket(本义)踢翻水桶

to lose one's life(本义)失去了生命

to pass away(本义)离去

to stop living(本义)停止生存

to take one's rest(本义)休息

to shut up the shop(本义)关门（4）灰色职业

shoe maker 补鞋匠 → shoe rebuilder 重整鞋者

dish washer 洗盘子的人 → utensil maintenance 器皿保全工 garbage man 清扫垃圾的人 → sanitation engineer 清洁工程师 butcher 屠夫 → meat technologist 肉类技术专家 hair-dresser 理发师 → cosmetologist

美容师 undertaker 承办丧事的人 → funeral director 殡仪负责人 prostitute 妓女 → pavement princess

马路天使

maid/ housekeeper(女仆/ 女管家)→domestic help / day-help 家务助手，day-help 白天帮工，live-in help 住家帮手 optician(眼镜商)→vision engineer(视力工程师

bedding manufacturer(床具制造商)→ mattress engineer(床垫工程师)或sleep engineer(睡眠工程师)School principal(中小学校长)→ educational engineer(教育工程师)tree surgeon

花木外科医师 beautician

美容师

street orderly / sanitary engineer 街道清洁师/卫生工程师 maintenance engineer（维修工程师）→房屋管理员； landscape-architect（风景建筑师）→园林工人； tree-surgeon（树木手术师）→修树剪枝的工人； shoe-rebuilder（鞋子再造者）→修鞋匠； sanitation engineer（卫生工程师）→垃圾工人； pipe engineer（管道工程师）→ 管道工 heating engineer（水暖工程师）→管工；

telephone engineer（电话工程师）→修理电话的技工； extermination engineer（除害工程师）→灭鼠工人； beautician（美容师）→理发师；

household executive（家政委员）→家庭妇女（7）排泄物

to be caught short(本义）给了个冷不妨

the call of nature(本义）自然的需要

Can I add some powder?(本义）我可以茶点粉吗?

to cash(write)a check(本义）兑(开)张支票

to do a job for oneself(本义）做点私事

do one's business(本义）干自己的活

to do one's duty(本义）尽职

to ease oneself(本义）自我轻松一下

to eliminate(本义）逐出

evacuation(本义）排空

to excrete(本义）排泄

to find a haven of rest(本义）寻找安息所

to fix one's face(本义）化装

to freshen up(本义）梳洗打扮

to get some fresh air(本义）去呼吸一点新鲜空气

to give oneself ease(本义）使自己舒服一下 to pass water（去排水）→ 小便 to see the stars（看星星）→方便 to get some fresh air（呼吸新鲜空气）to relieve or to relieve nature（去空身）、to wash one’s hand（去洗手或净手）to see one’s aunt（去看阿姨）answer nature’s call（响应自然的召唤）go to wash－room（去洗手间）go to the bank（去银行）spend a penny（去花点小钱）to pay a call（拜访）see john（去看约翰）

to go somewhere（到什么地方去一下）、consult Mr.Jones（请教琼斯先生）pow－der one’s nose（在鼻子上擦点粉）o have a BM（=bowel movement大便）

want to make oneself comfortable（想去使自己舒服点）

to go(本义）

to go into retreat(本义）去僻静

to go somewhere(本义）出去一下

to go to Egypt(本义）到埃及去

to go to one's private office(本义）到私人办公室去

to go to bathroom(本义）到洗澡间

May I adjourn?(本义）我可以变换一下地方吗？

May I please be excused?(本义）失陪了

natural necessity(本义）自然的需要

nature stop(本义）自然需要停车

to pluck a rose(本义）摘朵玫瑰

powder one's nose(本义）搽点粉

to relieve oneself(本义）轻松一下

to wash one's hands(本义）洗洗手 厕所

powder room（化妆室）、convenience（方便去处）、cloakroom（存衣室）、loo(=waterloo, 滑铁卢)、toilet（盥洗室）、gentlemen（男士）、gents’（男士房间）、ladies（女士）、ladies’（女士房间）bathroom（浴室）、restroom（休息室）、men或men’s（男士或男士房间）、women或women’s（女士或女士房间）、comfort station（休息处）

ugly：

homely 不好看 plain 平常

plain-looking 长相一般 ordinary looking

长相一般 fat: heavyset 敦实的,富态 chubby

丰满的 plump丰满的 , 圆胖的 stout

壮实的 thin: slender 苗条的 slim 苗条的 willowy 苗条的

svelte 亭亭玉立的，身材细长的 lean

精干的

lithe

敏捷的，轻快的

她怀孕了。

She has cancelled all her social engagement.She is in an interesting condition.She is in a delicate condition.She is knitting bootees.She is in the family way.She is expecting.She is in a hn~ly way． 她快要当家了。She is knocked up． 她有了。A hole out in one(本义)一击入洞 An accident(本义)事故 Awkward(本义)行动不便的 To be caught(本义)被捉住 to be gone（本义）已过去了 to beget（本义）产生

break one's ankle（本义）脚骨折了 clucky（本义）抱窝的

eating for two（本义）吃双份饭 full of heir（本义）怀有继承人

to have a hump in the front（本义）前身有块隆肉 fragrant（本义）香喷喷的 full of heir（本义）怀有继承人

to have a hump in the front（本义）前身有块隆肉 to have one watermelon on the vine（本义）藤上有瓜了 to have one on the way（本义）有人要来 in a bad shape（本义）身体不佳

in a certain condition（本义）身处某种状态 in a delicate condition（本义）身体虚弱 in a(the)family way（本义）家常打扮 in a familiar way（本义）熟悉地

in a particular condition（本义）处于特殊状态

in an interesting condition(situation, state)（本义）处于有趣状态 in trouble（本义）惹上麻烦 infanticipating（本义）期望得子 irregularity（本义）不规则现象 knitting（本义）绒衣 to knock up（本义）敲门叫人

lady-in-waiting（本义）有所期待的女子 to learn all about diaper folding（本义）学叠尿布 a mother-to-be（本义）未来的母亲 on the nest（本义）在抱窝

preparing the bassinet（本义）准备摇篮 rattle shopping（本义）采购玩具 rehearing lullabies（本义）练唱催眠曲 to spoil a woman's shape（本义）坏了女子体型 to sprain an ankle（本义）扭伤脚踝

to swallow a watermelon seed（本义）吞了棵西瓜子 that way（本义）那样

waiting for the patter of little feet（本义）等待小脚丫声 to wear the apron high（本义）围裙系高 a waiting woman（本义）等待中的妇女 with a baby window（本义）有个凸窗肚 with child（本义）怀孩子了 未婚先育

She is in trouble． 她碰到麻烦。She has been unwise． 她不够明智。She has been too friendly．她过于友善。

老年人———高级市民（senior citizens）、年长者（the elderly）、the mature(成熟)，不再很年轻（no longer very young）

distinguished gentleman(尊贵的先生，婉指老人);grande dame（贵妇人，婉指老年妇女，老妇）;seasoned man（经验丰富的人，历经沧桑的人，婉指老人）;senior citizen（高龄公民，资深公民，婉指老人

capital punishment

死刑

industrial action /industrial dispute 劳工行动/ 劳资纠纷

失业现象→underutilization(未充分利用人才)或human es underdevelopment(人力资源未充分开发)。pension(救济金)→ welfare bene一 6ts(社会福利)

poor nations（穷国）→ back nations(滞后国家), underdeveloped nations(欠发达国家), developing nations(发展中国家), emerging nations(新兴国家)； wiretapping or bugging(偷听电话或窃听)→“electronic surveillance”(电子监督)；

wiretappers(窃听者)→“ESE”(Electronic Surveillance Experts)economic crisis 经济危机→recession(经济衰退)，depression； strike（罢工）→industrial action，industrial dispute（工业上的争端）； dismiss解雇→lay off / ease out / give sb.the walking ticket

停止雇用/免职/把解雇书给某人

unemployed mother失业的母亲→ welfare mother（领取福利金的母亲）侵略战争→ international armed conflict（国际武装冲突），air attack（空袭）→ air support（空中增援），air strike（空中打击），overflight(越 界飞行)nuclear bomb(核弹)→nuclear device(核装置)；

War Department（战争部门）→Defense Department（国防部）

be defeated（战败）→light and scattered action（溃散行动），incomplete success（不圆满的胜利）；

对别国的入侵invasion →rescue mission（营救使命），wasting the enemy（消耗敌人），pacification（安抚，平息），active defense(积极防御)，preventive war(防御战争)。

Walt"(战争)→ massive exchange(大规模的交火)steal或embezzle（贪污）→They misuse public funds(滥用公共资金)

cancer(癌)→

the Big C，long illness leprosy(麻风病)→ Hansen S disease，mad(疯了)→ mentaproblem，a little confused（有点反常，神志迷乱）Blind(盲的)→ sightless，constipation(便秘)→ irregularity，crippled(残疾)→physically handicapped，disabled；

crippled(瘸子)→physically handicapped(有生理缺陷的)； disabled／the inconvenience the deaf(聋子)→imperfect hearing(听觉不完美的)，hard of hearing（耳沉）the blind(瞎子／盲人)→visually retarded(视力有障碍的)； retarded（智力迟钝的）→men tal lhandicapped(心智有缺陷的)AIDS(艾滋病)→social disease(社会疾病)Tuberculosis（肺结核)→lung trouble(肺部毛病)pneumonia（肺炎）→the old man’s friend（老年之交）

poor students（学习成绩差的学生）→below average students（低于一般水平的学生）；

stupid or lazy students（愚笨或懒惰的学生），而说→underachievers（未充分发挥出自己潜力的学生）；

poor（穷）→needy（拮据）、underprivileged（经济状况低下的）、disadvantage（处于不利地位的）；

sloppy and careless（粗心大意的人）→absent-minded（心不在焉的）； lie（撒谎）→not tell the truth（没讲实话）；

what horror!（多可怕！）→rather a nuisance!（真讨厌！）；

A fire has broken out.（失火了。）→There has been a fire situation.（出现火情。）； steal（偷）→take other people’s things without permission（未经许可拿了别人的东西）； cheat in class（课堂考试作弊）→depend on others to do his or her work（考试靠别人），