酒店专业术语释义Hotel Terminology

第一篇：酒店专业术语释义Hotel Terminology

Hotel Terminology

 Advance Payment Money requested by the receptionist at the Check – In from a guest who has not made an advance reservation and who is unable to produce any of the credit cards accepted by the Hotel. Amenity A gift for the guest with compliments of the Hotel.Liquor, fruit basket, etc. Authorization Approval Code A code given by credit card company to the hotel to indicate that they have extended credit limit for one of its cardholder. Average Transient Rate(ATR)Average rate per occupied room, total rooms revenue divided by hotel transient rooms(excluding permanent revenue producing, temporary house use and complimentary rooms)

 Accommodation Description of bed – type and location of a particular room

 Adjoining Room Adjacent rooms that are not serviced by a connecting room

 Advance Deposit Money requested by the guest services Assistants at Check – In of a guest who did not make an advance reservation and who is unable to produce any of the credit cards accepted by Shangri – la Hotels and Resorts. Allotment Certain number of rooms allocated to travel agents for freesale purpose

 Arrival Date of Check – In. Arrivals – Guests Number of room check – ins for the period. Available rooms Total number of units excluding permanent House use rooms. Average House Rate(AHR)Total rooms revenue divided by total occupied rooms(including permanent , house – use and complimentary rooms.)

 Average length of stay Represents the average number of days of a guest stay i.e.total guests divided by arrivals. Average Room Rate(ARR)Total rooms revenue divided by total number of revenue rooms(excluding temporary house – use and complimentary rooms)

 Back of the house Parts of the hotel with which the guest does not normally come into contact with i.e.personnel, housekeeping, Engineering, Accounts, etc. Brunch A meal served after breakfast but before lunch and taking the place of both. Bed types Double : 48-54 X 80 or smaller Twin: 42 X 80 or smaller Queen: 60 X 80 or smaller King: 72-80 X 80 or smaller

 Billing instructions Specific instructions related to the settlement mode of guest’s charges. Block Room or rooms that are being hold for the guest on a certain date. Booked to capacity Refers to a situation when the hotel has accepted the maximum number of reservations and is unable to take any more without being placed in an overbooked situation. Boot This refers to the procedure followed when computer are changing systems packs or re-initializing the system to ensure that memory is reset before beginning a new program. Bucket The space allocated for printed folios, located at cashier stations. Car claim check An indication tag for the guest car that parked in the Hotel premises. Cash paid out Monies disbursed for guests, either loans or advance and charged to their accounts. City ledger A ledger of an account which is not paid at the front office cashier but transferred to the accounts department. Credit Card The card that a guest may use to charge hotel services.I.e.American Express, Dinner’s club, Visa, Master etc. Cash basis The guest pays for the room, service and tax for the duration of his stay upon checking into the hotel.No facilities are provided by the hotel for charging other items to his account i.e. Check – in Guest arrives and registers in, Date of guest ’s arrival and registration. Check – out Guest depart and settles the bill, Date of guest’s departure and vacating room

 Check – out print out A print out of bills for the guest perusal before he settles the amount stated either by cash or credit card. Cash Credit Written verification of cash received from a guest and applied to his account

 Cancellation A reservation which is no longer required by the client.City hotels: non guaranteed reservations will be released by 18:00 on day of arrival.For guaranteed reservations, no charge will be levied if booking is cancelled before 18:00 of scheduled arrival. Check – out time Time designated by hotel for guest to vacate his room at completion of stay, Check out time m normally is 12:00 noon. Commissions Money sent to travel agents as payment for sending guest to a hotel.It is based on a percentage of the room rate(usually 10%), excluding service charge and prevailing government taxes. Complimentary Rooms given free for business promotion purposes(e.g.familiarization groups and travel agents);rooms accorded to Hotel employee for leisure in accordance with corporate office policy guidelines;group room concessions.These free of charge rooms must be authorized by General Manager / Resident Manager / Director of marketing. Confidential stay Guest requesting for his stay to be “unlisted” or “not registered”. Confirmation A written agreement from a hotel to a future guest, showing details of the reserved accommodation. Connecting Adjacent rooms that are serviced by connecting door. Contracted rates Specially negotiated room or meal rates or package rates between a company(usually travel agents or airlines)and the hotel for a specific duration.These rates are often confidential. Convention / Associations Meeting group of 10 rooms or more booked by an organization either directly or through a convention organizer.Includes exhibitions. Convertible parlors Sitting room with sleeping room furniture.Sofa converts into a bed. Corporate meetings Meeting group of 10 rooms or more booked by a corporation but not for incentive purposes. Credit refund A refund of cash deposit which was obtained from guest upon check in.guest is to acknowledge receipt of the credit balance on the system generated paid out voucher.Refunds of all other credit balance e.g.prepayment / deposit paid by travel agents / companies should only be issued by the accounting department. Crib

A baby bed or baby cot

 Cut – off date Designated day when meeting planner(upon request)must release or add to function room or bed – room commitment;standard practice is minimum of 30 days prior to meeting date.For most group, rooming lists should be sent to the hotel at least two weeks prior to arrival. Daily Report A set of reports prepared for management by the midnight shift daily.These reports on hotel statistics are used by management in their daily planning, forecasting and marketing. D.N.A Did not arrive when accommodation reserved. D.N.D A special request by guest who did not wish to be disturbed. Double Locked Door is secured from inside by guest and cannot be opened by room attendant supervisor.It can be double locked by Assistant Manager and Security offing the numberce for a special reason. Downgrade Moving a guest to a lower category room and decreasing his rate. Double rooming When two unrelated guests are mistakenly accommodated in the same room. Due in Numbers of expected guests / rooms for the day. Due out Room expected to be vacated. Duplicate folio Folio that has several copies duplicated for control purpose i.e.guest folio, deposit receipt, room bills etc. Day use rooms Rooms only used during the day but not for overnight.In calculating the number of rooms used for occupancy.A room that is used twice in the same day is counted as being only used once. Day rate Amount charged for accommodation used during the day, but not overnight, usually at 50% off rack rate. Dead move Room change when guest is not in room.To be carried out in the presence of a senior staff, preferably a lobby guest services manager or a security officer. Definite status Rooms which are confirmed and taken out of general inventory

 Departure Date of check out

 Departures guests Number of guest check outs for the period. Departure rooms Number of room check outs for the period

 Did not check out A condition where a room is found vacant, but the guest did not settle his account prior to leaving hotel. Direct bill A pre-arranged process approved by credit of sending the guest’s bill to a company / travel agent after he has check out. Discount Percentage taken off from rack room rate, e.g.corporate rate, travel agent rate, airline rate …etc. Extension stay Authorized change of departure dates. Extra bed A portable single bed which can accommodate an additional guest.Also known as rollaway bed or(RWB)

 Float The amount of cash a cashier has at his / her disposal for the day

 Front of the house Those parts of the hotel facility with which the guest comes in direct contact i.e.Front Office, Food and Beverage department. Family plan No additional charge for children under 18 years occupying the same room as the parents or guardians.Single rate to apply per room if two or more rooms are taken. Forecast Daily, weekly, monthly projection of rooms to be occupied.Report showing projected availability for determined lengths of time. Guest folio

Statement of the guest’s hotel charges

 GNR(guest name record)This is your guest reservation record which includes guest name, hotel accommodations, arrival information, address and any other pertinent information. Group others Government, military or embassy / consulate booking of 10 more e.g.trade delegations.Other group business i.e.airline crew, sports team, film crews, social functions, etc. Guaranteed Refers to a reservation that has been guaranteed.This means that the guest plans on arriving after 18:00pm and has guaranteed to pay should be fail to arrive.The hotel will hold the room all night, and if the guest does not arrive, he will be charged.In the event that the guest guaranteed and the hotel done not have space when he arrives, the hotel will find alternative accommodation at a similar hotel and pay for it. Guest history Records showing details of guest’s previous visits to our hotel e.g.address, length of stay, credit cards used, room preference, smoking or no smoking, etc. Guest type code Differentiates amongst various types of guests to allow for delivery of specific amenities and services. Hot card A credit card which has been reported lost or stolen

 Hold for arrival Holding the items that arrived in advance before the guest check in. House use rooms Non-revenue producing guestrooms occupied either on a permanent or temporary basis under the following conditions:  Permanent house use House use by staff living in the hotel for a minimum period of 6 months.Covered into offices for hotel management use. Temporary house use Rooms provided on a complimentary basis to members of staff for temporary use of less than 6 months, to consultants / suppliers for business purposes relating to the hotel and entertainers contracted to perform at the hotel outlets, all house use room requests must be authorized by General Manager / Resident Manager and the respective division Head. House count / status This term indicates the occupancy of the hotel at any time of the day, expressed in either actual rooms or a percentage. Housekeeping The department responsible for cleaning public areas and guest rooms. In-house guest All guest that are registered with the hotel

 Incentives

Group organized and paid by a company for people who quality for awards under the company’s incentive program;can be booked either directly. Incognito stay See “ confidential stay”. Individual others Industry rates i.e.50%discounted rates for hoteliers , airline staff, staff, travel agents, interline personnel, all other individual reservations not covered in the market segmentation categories. Joiner

Guest to check into room with already registered guest requiring a separate account. Key rack A rack that is used to placed the room keys. King A king-sized bed in one room

 Limousine The vehicle used to transport guest to airport or other place where guest want to go. Lost and found An area under the jurisdiction of housekeeping for the control and storage of lost and found items. Log book Book used for communication and reporting amongst the staff. Late check-out Additional time allotted beyond the normal check-out time.Complimentary late check-out is subject to space availability or as promised e.g.valued rate(rack).If a charge is imposed, it is usually 50% off guestroom folio rate.Wholesale guests paying directly for late check-out will be levied a 50% off rack rate on room type occupied.This is to maintain confidentiality of travel agent’s contracted rates. Locator message Guest advised that he / she may be contacted at a specific location when he / she is not in the room for a period of time. Long stay All long stay reservations(14 days or more)extended the long stay rate / benefits. Net price Price inclusive of tax and service charge

 Night Audit A daily reconciliation of accounts receivable that is completed during the midnight shift

 Night Auditor The person responsible for the night audit. Net rate A non – commissionable rate, inclusive of service and prevailing tax charge. No show Guest who did not arrive when accommodation was reserved.Guaranteed no-shows are not to be checked into the PMS to capture occupancy.The Front Office Manager in consultation with the Director of Marketing, is to advise the credit manager the following day which guaranteed no-shows to be charged.All relevant correspondences are to be attached to the no-show report and submitted to credit manager for proper billing.(see also “D.N.A)

 Number of guests Number of registered guests in each category of occupied rooms. Number of guests per room Total guests divided by the number of occupied rooms

 Occupancy Occupancy is determined by dividing the total occupied rooms(including complimentary rooms)by the total available rooms.Permanent house use rooms are to be excluded from the total available rooms. Out of order rooms(O.O.O)over 2 months Those rooms removed from saleable inventory due to renovation, temporary fault or problem rendering them unfit for occupancy.Also includes rooms under repair or waiting for repairs. Out of service rooms(O.O.S)below 2 months Rooms temporarily blocked off for minor repair works e.g.servicing of air-conditioners, general cleaning;or rooms temporarily closed off due to low occupancy.(those O.O.S rooms do not affect the occupancy forecast)

 Over booked Situation when the house count indicates that the hotel is in an oversold position, i.e.when there are more reservations than rooms available.(note: a delicate situation – the word “Over-booked” is not to be mentioned to guests)

 Overstay Guest who extended his stay on the day of his supposed check-out

 Other income This account is to capture rooms related revenue which do not from part of the average rate calculations and includes the following:Collections in respect of guaranteed no-showsFlower or room amenities sold to guest other than through the flower shop / newsstand. Petty cash Small cash fund used for minor cash payments and periodically reimbursed. Plus, plus Short terms for additional of service charge and government tax to the bill or price

 Package A combination of a room , meals or other services sold in one rate

 Packages / promotions Packages / promotions created by the individual hotels usually for a limited time with certain restrictions

 Past Due out Guests who are due out and have not checked out by the posted check-out time

 Percentage of occupancy Occupancy is determined by dividing the total occupied rooms(including complimentary rooms)by the total available rooms(excluding OOO rooms)

 Permanent folios Rooms types defined in Fidelio beginning with “P-” are considered pseudo or “dummy” room types.The system provided all normal functionality available in fideio “P-” room types, such as cresting reservations, attachment of travel agent or company profiles, charge routing, 







 check in, posting, settlement by all payment methods, check out, etc.these rooms are not included in the daily rooms statistics, but revenue and payment figures are taken in as part of the hotel total.This flexibility allows these “dummy” rooms to fulfill a variety of functions for the hotel.In order to segregate the functions and easily identify the purpose of each “P-” room type, it is recommended of use the following designations.PM: Group Master Group master folios are the traditional group billing folios.Postings can be made directly to the group folio, or charges routed from the folios of individual group members.PF: Posting folios Permanent folios are an effective tool for posting charges and settlement not directly related to a guest folio.This includes the F&B revenue and settlement from the POS system, minor operating departments without an on-line POS terminal, and various non in-house guest charges(deposit payments after office hours, late charges)PQ: Banquet folios Banquet permanent folios can be configured as “PQ” allowing for deposit payment, posting of banquet charges and settlement.PY: staff quarters / offices If the hotel has staff quarters or offices, these rooms can be configured as “PY” rooms.This allows for Micros on-line posting, and use of Fidelio’s message functions(printed messages, telephone lamp control)

Permanent rooms Revenue producing guestrooms which are converted to ratable office units.Revenue is earned for the duration of the contract period irrespective of whether the room is occupied or not.Additionally, these rooms can not be sold to other guests when not occupied by the contracted tenants. Pledge relocates Rooms for guests housed at another hotel, but paid for by your hotel as a result of the hotel not being able to honor a guaranteed reservation. PMS Property Management System(Fidelio or Opera)

 POS Point of sales(Micros)

 Pre-assigning / block Process whereby guests’ full particulars are printed on registration card prior to arrival and only guest’s signature are obtained upon check-in. Profile A master record of details of a guest / company / travel agent e.g.name, address, telephone number, guest history and etc. Printer Printers are used to produce statements, rooming slips and management reports. Queen A queen-sized bed in one room. Room service Food and beverage service provides in the privacy of the guest room by a waiter. Rebate An adjustment made to the guest folio(bill).This is always a negative figure and is an adjustment due to unsatisfactory services or for a posting error. Rate change An occupied room which rate is changed due to certain reason. Register

Process of filling in the registration card at check in. Registration card Card used by the guest to register at check – in. Room change

When a guest moves from one room to another room during his stay. Room count The number of occupied rooms. Plus, plus Short terms for addition of service charge and government tax to the bill or price. Rooming(a guest)The entire procedure by which the desk greets and assigns new arrivals and the bellman directs them and brings their luggage to their rooms. Rack Published(full)rates.Rack reservation made by travel agencies, airlines, companies or guest direct.Corporate select(no account pre – qualification required)Across the board rate promotions without restrictions to any market i.e.specials, opening rates, percentage discounts, etc.which temporarily replace rack business.Courtesy rates. Rent able unit Rent able units will be the basis for determining the number of available rooms in a hotel for calculation of occupancy and average rate.A rent able unit is defined as a unit(one room or more)with only one usable entrance, a bathroom and sleeping accommodation.A two room suite with only one entrance would be classified as one unit.A two room suite with two separate entrances but only one room with bath and sleeping accommodations would be classified as one unit..A two room suite with a door for each room that, in its present state, can be readily rented as separate rooms, will be counted as two units.Where there are impediments such as partitions or fixed screens that hinder the sale of such suites as separate rooms, the suites shall be counted as single units. Request

A service or an arrangement which the guest has asked for. Revenue per available room(rev par)Total rooms revenue(including permanent rooms revenue)divided by total rooms available. Reservation service The cost of any external reservation service which includes fees paid to Shangri – la International for the central reservation system and third party service providers such as Galileo, anasazi and the frequent flyer programs.Fees may consist of a base amount plus variable cost based on the volume of reservations received. Rollaway bed(R.W.B)A portable single bed which can accommodate an additional guest.Please refer to extra bed. Room revenue

Gross revenue derived from the sales of guest rooms to guest(part day, full day, week or linger occupancy)at quoted rates.Includes rental of guest rooms and suites for food and beverage functions.Revenue should be stated net of allowances.Allowances represent rebates and overcharges of revenue not known at the time of sale but adjusted at a later date.Where packages are sold inclusive of meal, transportation and other services which are normally sold separately, the revenue should be allocated to the relevant departments providing the service in accordance with guidelines issued by corporate office. Rooming list A list of names sent by a travel agent or group organizer to the hotel to advise names of persons occupying the room block. Round trip transfer Two way transfer to or from airport / train station / pier to hotel. Routing instructions Process whereby billing instructions are set in guest’s reservations. Run of house(ROH)A term used for rates contracted for the lowest room category and when this category is not available upon guest’s arrival, the guest must automatically be upgraded to the next available category at extra cost. System down The duration of time when the computer is shut. System up Times when computer becomes in – operational. Sleep out

When a guest keeps the room but does not stay in. Skip When the room is vacant but the bill is not settled. Stay over An anticipated check out but remains beyond his departure date or any guest who stays overnight. Same day reservations On day booking, refers to reservations made today for today’s arrival. Service charge Surcharge imposed above the quoted rates which should be reflected as part of the gross operating revenue of the department.In cases where the service charges are required by statute to be distributed to the employees, the service charges are in fact collected on behalf of the employees, and these should not be reflected in the profit & loss accounts. Sico bed Bed that comes down from the wall, after use, it can be pushed back into the wall providing additional floor space. Share with Two or more guests occupying the same room but with separate accounts or folios. Skipper Refers to a guest who has left without paying the hotel bill. Software Computer program

 Safa bed Sofa that opens up into a bed. Suite

Accommodation consist of one or two bedrooms and a connecting sitting room(parlour)

 Specialty suite One of the more luxurious and elegant suite;usually limited in numbers and larger infloor space. Time stamp A clock mechanism that prints date and time when activated. To – date Designates accumulative amount, the sum of all figures in the current period including the day or date in question. Travel agent voucher Document used by the travel agent to instruct the hotel to provide accommodation or meals and payment is to the travel agent. Temporary – house use Guest rooms provided free for a temporary period of less than 6 months to members of staff, consultants / suppliers for business purpose relating to the hotel, entertainers contracted to perform at the hotel outlets, note that temporary house use rooms part of available rooms. Tentative status Rooms which have not been taken out of room inventory.Pending a signed contract or letter of intent / confirmation. Tours Tour groups or series booking with a minimum of 10 rooms or 15 persons.Includes layover passengers. Trace A message / instruction left in the PMS for the relevant department to follow up. Transient room – single When only one person uses room

 Transient room – double When two or more people use a room. Travel agent Represents guests to arrange travel and hotel booking. Travel agent’ commissions Commission paid to authorized agents for room business secured usually based on a percentage of the room rate multiplied by the number of room nights produced. Triple room When three persons use a room. Turn down Evening guest room service performed by the evening room attendant. Twin

Two single – sized beds in one room. Upgrade

Situation where a guest is given a higher – priced room with no adjustment to the confirmed rate. Up sell Moving a guest into a higher – priced room in the hotel with a rate increase. Vacant room Saleable guest room that is not occupied. VIP A person designated by management to receive special treatment. Volume corporate Negotiated rates with corporate accounts(local / overseas)i.e.20%, 25%, 30% discounts of flat / preferred rates of tracked accounts. China corporate rate Individual reservations extended the special military, government or diplomatic rate / discount. Voucher Document used to record debits or credits posted to a room account. Walk – in Guest requesting accommodation at the front desk without prior reservation. Waitlist

Unconfirmed booking awaiting availability of room. Whole sale All individual reservation made by travel agencies or airlines on special contracted rate.

第二篇：陶瓷专业术语释义

陶瓷专业术语释义

1、陶瓷砖：由粘土或其它无机物非金属原料，经成型、烧结等工艺处理，用于装饰与保护建筑物、构筑物墙面及地面的板状或块状陶瓷制品，也可称为陶瓷饰面砖。

2、吸水率：是用来描述陶瓷产品吸水程度的一个名词。对于抛光砖来说吸水率越低，对陶瓷产品其它性能的提高越有帮助，如强度致密度等都有随吸。水率的降低而有不同程度的提高。

3、放射性：经国家检测机构检验认证为无放射性污染，属无毒害绿色环保产品。

4、防污性：陶瓷表面染上污物，如果越容易清洗掉，防污性能越好。防污性能的测定是用标准的易产生痕迹的污染物涂在砖面上，过一 定时间后用不同种类的清洗剂来清洗，从而确定陶瓷砖面的防污效果。完全不会被污染的陶瓷是没有的，因此，陶瓷表面受到污染后，我们宜采用合适的清洗剂来清洗，如漂白粉、洗衣粉、丙酮、盐酸溶液、氢氧化钾溶液等都是常用清洗剂。

5、耐化学腐蚀性：是指瓷砖对化学物质（如：酸、碱、盐等）侵蚀的抵抗能力。耐化学性能好，即使长期处于酸性或碱性环境下，瓷砖也不会有什么损坏而降低使用功能。提高耐化学腐蚀性，就可以延长瓷砖在自然状态下的使用寿命。

6、光泽度：是指瓷砖抛光面反光能力的强弱，光泽度越高，反光能力越强，其表面看起来越像一面镜子，光可鉴人。

7、表面平整度：是指瓷砖表面的水平程度，表面越平整，铺贴效果就越好。当瓷砖表面平整度达到一定标准时，正确的留缝铺贴后就不会有拱起或凹下去现象。

第三篇：专业术语

房地产基本知识









 房地产常用术语； 房地产面积计算； 按揭贷款的各项规定及计算方法； 公积金贷款的有关规定。商品房预售及房地产交易的有关规定；

1)房地产：是房屋和土地的社会经济形态，是房屋和土地作为 一种.财产的总称。

2)房地产业：是指从事房地产开发、经营、管理和服务的行业。

3)居住小区技术经济指标

居住小区总用地：包括住宅总用地，公共建筑设施总用地，道路、广场用地，庭院、绿化用地的总和。住宅总用地：指低层、多层、中高层、高层住宅用地面积的总和。

公建总用地：指小区全部公共建筑物战地总面积之和。

道路、广场用地：指小区内主次干道、宅前支路、人行道、绿化带中间宽度大于1.5M的步行道及停车、回车广场和有铺砌地面的场地面积之和。

庭院、绿化面积：指小区内集中绿化带、小公园、住宅间集中庭院种植花木、草地、假山、花架、水榭、水池，以及公共活动场所等为小区所有居住人员共同使用的绿化面积之总和。

总建筑面积（m2）：指小区内住宅、公建总和。

建筑密度=小区内全部建筑的基地面积之和（m2）/小区内总占地面积（m2）

建筑容积率=小区内总建筑面积之和（m2）/小区总占地面积（m2）*100%

4)单体住宅建筑设计技术经济指标名词解释

建筑面积：指建筑物各层展开面积之总和。每层建筑面积按建筑物勒脚以上外围水平截面面积计算。建筑面积由使用面积、辅助面积和结构面积三部分组成使用面积：是指建筑物各层平面中直接为生产或生活使用的净面积的总和。

辅助面积：是指建筑物中各层平面中的楼梯、走道所占净面积的总和。

结构面积：是指建筑物各层中外墙、内墙、间隔墙、垃圾道、通风道、烟囱（均包括管道面积）等所占面积的总和。

5)行业常用术语解释

建基面积：即建筑基地面积，指建筑物的首层外墙勒脚线以上外围水平投的 占地面积。

用地面积：指产权人使用土地的范围，包括其地上建筑物、天井、庭园、通道等占地面积的总和。共享地面面积：指两个或以上产权人共同占有使用的不能分割的土地范围。

技术层：指建筑物的自然层内，用作水、电、卫生等设备安装的局部层次。

2、房地产面积计算

 建筑面积（销售面积）=套内建筑面积+公用建筑公摊面积

 套内建筑面积=套内使用面积+套内墙体面积+内阳台面积（以100%）或外阳台面积（以50%计）注：套内建筑面积由以下三部份组成；

a)套内的使用面积。即房间、厅、厨房和卫生间的面积；

b)套内墙体面积。是指合用空间周围的维护或承重墙体，有共用墙和非共用墙两种。其中，其用墙墙体水平投影面积的一半计入套内面积。非共用墙体水平投影面积全部计入套内墙体面积。

c)阳台建筑面积包括内阳台和外阳台。其中外阳台按水平投影面积的一半计算。

 公用建筑分摊面积=公用建筑面积分摊系数*套内建筑面积 1.房地产常用术语

注：公用建筑面积由以下两部份组成；

a)电梯间、楼梯间、垃圾道、变电房、设备间、公共门厅和过道、值班警卫室以及其他功能上为整栋建筑服务的公共用房各管理用房建筑面积。

b)套（单元）与公用建筑空间之间的分隔以及外墙墙体水平投影面积的一半。

c)凡作为独立使用空间销售或出租的地下室、车棚等，不应计入公用建筑面积。作为入防工程的地下室也不计入公用面积

 公用建筑面积分摊系数=整栋公用建筑面积/各套套内建筑面积之和

 整栋公用建筑面积=整栋建筑面积—各套套内建筑面积—可租售的地下室、停车场及人防工程等

 实用率（得房率）=套内建筑面积/合同所注的建筑面积。

3、按揭贷款的各项规定及计算方法

个人住房商业性贷款，就是指购房者在本行存入拟购住房房款一定比例的资金后，以所购住房（或“楼花”权益）作为抵押，向本行申请其余所需资金贷款并分期还款的一种金融服务，又称“个人购房储蓄与购房抵押贷款”。

1)贷款申请条件

 具有完全民事行为能力的中国公民及在中国大陆有居留权的境外、国外公民；

 在本行有拟购房价20%以上的购房储蓄存款（在广州地区申请购房的要求有拟购房价20%以上的自有资金）；  有稳定的合法收入，具备偿还贷款本息的能力；

 同意以所购房产（或“楼花”权益）作抵押。

 所购房屋的产权必须明晰，可进入房地产市场流通；

 所购房屋不在拆迁公告范围内；

 如申请个人住房公积金贷款或组合贷款，还应符合个人住房公积金贷款及组合贷款的有关规定。

2)借款人需提供的资料

 合法的身份证明（国内人士提供居民身份证或军官证；境外及国外人士提供有效居留证、国外身份证明）； 购房定金收据和购房协议；

 在我行属下经办网点开立的购房储蓄存折；

 还款能力证明（如单位出具的个人收入证明、存单、个人纳税单和其它有价证券、借款人工作证、劳动合同等，私营业主和单位还需提供公司章程和股东权益分配说明书、上一财务决算报表、最近三个月财务报表、合法的审计报告或单位缴税税单等）。

3)贷款额度、期限、利率

 个人住房商业性贷款的额度不超过所购住房价值的80%，贷款期限为1-30年；商铺、车位贷款额度为不超过所

购商铺或车位的60%，期限为1-15年；（借款人为单位的为五成三年）。

 利率按照中国人民银行的规定执行。

个人住房商业性贷款期限1年以内（含1年）的，实行合同利率，遇法定利率调整，不分段计息；贷款期限在1年以上的，遇法定利率调整，于下年初开始，按相应利率档次执行新的利率规定。

按照银传[1999]44号、45号规定，自1999年9月21日起，商业银行用信贷资金发放的个人住房贷款利率，由现行按法定利率减档执行改为：5年以下（含5年）按年利率5.31%执行，5年以上按年利率5.58%执行。

4)贷款偿还规定

 第一种偿还方式：

按月平均归还借款本金，借款利息逐月结算还清。

每月供款额=借款本金÷供款总期数+尚欠本金×月利率

其中：每月偿还本金=借款本金÷供款总期数

当月偿还利息=尚欠本金×月利率÷30×尚欠本金实际占用天数

尚欠本金实际占用天数=本月还款日－上月还款日

尚欠本金=贷款本金－已归还本金累计额

 第二种偿还方式：

按月等额归还借款本息。计算公式：

其中：当月偿还利息=尚欠本金×月利率

当月偿还本金=每月供款额－当月偿还利息

5)贷款办理流程

咨询→签订购房协议→借款申请→贷款审批→签订《房地产预售契约》→签订《楼宇按揭合同》→办理公证、抵押、保险→发放贷款→次月起供款

4、公积金贷款的有关规定

个人住房公积金贷款是指按规定参加了住房公积金或住房货币分配制度的人士，在购买自住普通住房时，因自有资金不足，同意以所购住房（或“楼花”权益）作抵押向本行申请的住房公积金低息贷款。购房人向本行申请个人公积金贷款时，因受到贷款额度限制，可以同时申请一笔个人住房商业性贷款，即为个人住房组合贷款。

1)贷款申请条件

 具有城镇常住户口或有效居留证件；

 已按规定足额缴存住房公积金，或所在单位已按规定实行住房货币分配，且本人未曾享受过个人住房公积金贷

款；

 有稳定的合法收入和偿还贷款本息的能力；

 有购买自住住房的合同、协议或意向书；

 在我行有相当于拟购住房总价20%以上的购房储蓄存款；

 同意以所购房产（或“楼花”）权益作抵押。

2)借款人需提供的资料

 居民身份证（或其它合法的身份证明）和本市户口簿（或有效居留证件）；

 银行出具的借款人及其家庭成员的《个人住房公积金缴交情况证明》（广州地区的客户，若在我分行存储公积金

则可免此证明，但借款人应提供有关人员的公积金帐号）；

 收入证明；

 在我行属下经办网点开立存款帐户的购房储蓄存折或信用卡；

 购房意向书、定金收据或购房协议、合同。

3)贷款额度、期限、利率

 贷款额度：按照市住房公积金管理中心有关贷款的规定，客户可申请个人住房公积金贷款最高额度以下面三个

额度中的最低者为准：

 不超过借款人及其家庭成员在退休年龄内所缴存住房公积金或住房货币分配数总额的2倍；

 不超过所购住房评估价值的80%；

 不超过广州市住房公积金管理中心每年公布的最高贷款额（目前暂定16万元）。

 另外，在申请个人住房公积金贷款前，借款人还需在本行有相当于拟购房房价20%以上的 购房储蓄存款。 贷款期限：最长30年。



 贷款利率：按照人民银行规定的个人住房公积金贷款利率执行。

4)贷款程序

签订协议→填写申请→签订合同→发放贷款→还本付息

5、商品房预售及房地产交易的有关规定；

 房地产交易管理规定及有关问题

1)房地产交易的主管部门：广州市国土房管局是广州市房地产市场的主管机构，属下的房地产交易所是房地

产买卖交易的职能部门。房地产买卖，必须到交易所办理交易鉴证手续，未经鉴证的私买私卖行为，不受法律保护。

2)对购房者的规定：⑴不受本市户籍的限制，不论本市或外地的居民，包括港、澳、台同胞和华侨及外籍华人，均可持本人身份证件购买广州市物业。⑵境内单位购买私人物业，需县以上政府批准。⑶外商以企业名义购买房地产：港、澳、台注册企业，凭注册登记及董事会决议申请批准；外国注册企业，需经省外事办，省外经贸委批准。

3)对交易的房地产的规定

出售房地产必须是“产权清楚，证契齐全”，其产权凭证根据不同物业有如下几种类型：

⑴开发商销售的商品房：必须具备“广州市商品房预售许可证”。

⑵现楼：由市国土房管局核发的房地产证。

⑶形式：由广州市房地产产权登记所根据实际需要按核发的“房地产权属证明书”（限定使用范围，时间的证件）。除此之外的任何部门出具的任何证明，都不能作为房地产业市场流通的合法证件。

4）对房地产交易行为的规定

 商品房预售

1)预售条件

商品房的预售必须持有市国土房管局核发的“商品房预售许可证”

2)基本程序

签约（预售契约）→合约登记→交楼→确权→过户→发证

3)转让条件：

转让的预售契约必须经市交易所鉴证或备案。

4)程序：

申请→审批→转移

 税费的规定

1)房屋买卖契税：按成交价的3%征收（由买方缴付）港、澳、台同胞和华侨，及其在大陆投资经营的企业以外币购房的，可折半征收；全民、集体所有制单位购房的免征契税。外国企业及外国人购房按成交价3%征税。“楼花”转让按正常契税50%征收（买方缴交）。

2)交易监证费：按成交价的0.3%征收（由买方缴付）

3)契约印花税：按成交价的0.05%征收（由买方缴付）

4)权证综合费：按成交价的0.2%征收（由买方缴付）权证综合费含产权登记费、测绘费、土地使用登记费、权证工本费及权证印花税。

5)补交土地出让金（二手楼交易）：凡属未办理国有土地有偿出让的房地产交易依照规定需补交土地出让金。金额根据用地性质、地段评估、单位买卖的按标准地价25%补交，私人住宅按标准10%补交。

6)增值税

第四篇：专业术语

三项行动分别：是安全生产执法行动、安全生产治理行动、安全生产宣传教育行动。、安全生产执法行动以开展打“三非”（非法建设、非法生产、非法经营）、查“三违”（违章指挥、违章作业和违反劳动纪律）、防“三超”（工矿企业超能力、超强度、超定员生产，交通运输单位超载、超限、超负荷运行）为重点。2、安全生产治理行动以重点行业（领域）安全生产隐患排查治理和安全标准化建设为重点。、安全生产宣传教育行动以“关爱生命、安全发展”为主题，加大从业人员教育培训力度，提高全员安全素质。三个突出：突出预防为主，突出加强管理、突出落实责任。三个加强：指加强培训教育；加强检查与督导；加强问责追究力度。

三合一：企业是指 企业员工集体宿舍与生产作业、物资存放的场所相通连的家庭作坊式的企业。是企业不是场所。九小场所：指小商场、小学校（幼儿园）、小医院、小餐饮场所、小旅馆、小歌舞娱乐场所、小网吧、小美容洗浴场所、小生产加工企业。

第五篇：专业术语

一、关于专业术语及基础知识的培训资料

1、房地产：是土地、房屋财产的总称。

2、房地产业：是指从事房地产开发、经营、管理和服务的行业。

3、商品房：是指由房地产开发企业开发建设并出售的房屋。

4、经济适用房：指国家或房地产开发商按照普通住宅标准建设的，以建设成本价

向中低收入家庭出售的住房。安居房和解困房都是经济适用房的一种。

5、现房：指已经过工程质量监督部门验收，并取得质量证明文件，可以立即交付

使用的商品房。

6、期房：是指尚处于建设期，不能立即交付使用的商品房。

7、契税：是在土地、房屋权转移时，国家按照当事人双方签订合同（契约），以

及所确定价格的一定比例，向承受权属者一次性征收的一种行为税。

8、住房贷款：是借款人在购买自用住房时向银行申请的以其在购买自用住房时向

银行申请的以其所购住房作为抵押物，并由第三人（一般为开发商、售房单位或担保公司）为其贷款承担连带保证责任的贷款。

9、建筑面积：房屋的建筑面积系指房屋外墙（柱）勒脚以上各层的外围水平投影面积，包括阳台、挑廊、地下室、室外楼梯等，且具备有上盖，结构牢固，层高

2.20M以上（含2.20M）的永久性建筑。

10、套内使用面积：指房屋内全部可供使用的空间面积。

11、套内阳台建筑面积：按阳台外围与房屋外墙之间的水平投影面

计算。阳台封闭全部计入面积，未封闭按半面积计。

12、使用率：房屋使用面积/房屋建筑面积*100%。

13、层高：指地（楼）面至上一层或屋面板顶面之间地垂直高度。

14、净层高：指地（楼）面至上部楼板或屋面板底面之间地垂直高度。

15、进深：指住宅横墙的长度，即住宅长度。

16、开间：指住宅纵墙的长度，即住宅宽度。

17、绿化率：建设用地范围内所有绿地面积之和与建设用地面积之比率。绿地面积的计算不包括屋顶、天台和垂直绿化；（如：在10万平方米的土地上有3万平方米的绿化面积，其绿化率为30%）

18、容积率：建筑总面积/建筑基地面积*100%。

19、住宅产权：住宅各项权益的总和。

占有权：通常由所有权人（在房地产买卖中也称业主、房主、房东）来行使，但有时也有别人来行使，也就是使用权与所有权相分离时。

使用权：指房主按照住房性能对房屋进行事实上的利用。同样，通过一定法律

契约，非房屋所有人也可获得房屋的使用权。

收益权：指房主收取房屋这项财产所产生的某种收益。

处分权：表示房屋所有权的权属，是所有权中一项最基本的权能。房屋的处分

权一般由房主行使，房主可以可以确定房屋使用权继承、赠与对象。

有时房屋处分权与所有权分离。如抵押时。

20、土地产权：包括土地所有权、地上权、地役权、抵押权、典当权、租赁权。

21、住宅建筑层数划分：1—3层为低层住宅（别墅）、4—6层为多层住宅、7—12

层为小高层住宅、12—30层为高层住宅、30层以上为超

高层

22、条式楼：一般指多层，还有部分条式小高层。其整体形状类似长方体，其

直投影呈条状。

23、点式楼：一般多指高层，还有部分多层。其整体形状类似圆柱体，其垂直

影呈点状。

24、错层：将一套房屋功能不同的两个区，分别设置在两个层面上的建筑结构。

25、楼间距：一般指两幢楼之间的距离。

26、房屋建筑面积：指外墙勒角以内的建筑面积加上公用分摊面积。

29、公用分摊面积：指电梯井、管道井、楼梯间、垃圾通道、变电室、设备间、公共门厅、过道、值班警卫室等，以及为整幢房屋服务的公共

用房和物业管理用房的建筑面积。

30、物业管理：泛指一切有关房地产开发、租赁、销售及售后的服务。包括房的保养、维修、住宅小区的清洁、绿化和管理等。

31、商品房销售的五证两书：

五证——《国有土地使用证》、《建设用地规划许可证》、《建设工程规划许可证》、《建筑工程施工许可证》《商品房预售许可证》

两书——《住宅使用说明书》《住宅质量保证书》

32、承重墙：不但承受自身重量，同时还承受屋顶及楼板传来的荷载的墙。

33、非承重墙：仅承受自身重量，不承受屋顶及楼板荷载的墙。又称自重墙。

34、房屋价格构成：

1、商品房开发成本；

2、商品房利润；

3、贷款利息；

4、管理费用；

5、税金；

6、推广及销售费用。

35、土地使用年限：

1、居住用地70年

2、工业用地50年

3、教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育用地50年

4、商业、旅游、娱乐用地40年

5、综合或其他用地50年

36、七通一平：路通、电通、上下水通、排水通、通信通、燃气通、热力通、场

地平。

37、均价：将各单位的销售价格相加以后的和数除以单位建筑面积的和数。即得

每平方米均价，均价一般不是销售价。

38、基价：经过核算而确定的每平方米商品房基本价格。商品房的销售价一般以

基价为基数增减楼层差价及朝向差价后而得出。

39、小高层优点：

一个城市高层建筑的多少，代表着一个城市的发展水平，小高层是现代城市的标志，以后的发展方向，入住小层住宅，更是尊贵身份的体现。

入住小高层能给追求者最好的追求品质，新鲜空气、通透阳光、美丽视野、乘坐电梯上下自由，这一切是小高层住宅对人的关爱；小高层住宅户型，动静区分明，全明设计，功能齐备。

小高层具体卖点：



 私密性好 噪音小











 无污染 绿化面积大 有电梯上下楼方便 框架结构置良好并可根据客户需求对房间自由分割 采光性能好 户型设计功能完备，凸现大都市气质，尽显居住者的气质和尊贵。

室内空间设计无明梁，避免死角和暗角，绝不浪费每一寸室内使用面积，



 大面宽、小进深，便于布置与装修 双回路电源设计，为居住者提供充足的能源保障 二次加压供水，避免室内自来水二次污染，为居者提供健康保障。

41、砖混结构：使指由砖和水泥砌体结构和其他材料制成的构件所组成的结构。

42、框架结构：是由纵梁、横梁和柱组成的结构。框架结构住宅是指以钢筋混凝

土浇捣成承重梁柱，再用预制的加气混凝土、膨胀珍珠岩、浮石、蛭石等轻质板材隔墙分户装配而成的住宅。框架结构的特点是能

为建筑提供灵活的使用空间。适合大规模工业化施工，效率较高，工程质量较好。

43、剪力墙结构：是指由纵、横向的钢筋混凝土墙所组成的结构。因剪力墙结构的墙体较多，侧向刚度大，所以可以建的很高。

44、框架—剪力墙结构：房屋在风荷载或地震作用下，靠近底层的承

重构件的内力和房屋的侧向位移随房屋高度的增加急

剧增大。因此当房屋高度超过一定限度后，在采用框

架结构，框架梁、框尺寸就会很大，这样不仅房屋造

价增加，而且建筑使用面积也会减少，这时通常采用

框剪结构。

45、共用部位：是指房屋承重结构部位（包括基础、内外承重墙体、柱、梁、楼

板、屋顶等）、户外墙面、共用门厅、楼梯间、走廊通道等。

46、共用设施设备：是指建设费用已摊入房屋销售价格的共用的给排水管道、下

水管、水箱、加压水泵、供热管道、供气管道、电梯、天线、照明、锅炉、供电线路、路灯、消防设施、绿地、道路、沟、渠、池、非经营性停车场（库）、公益性文体设施和共用设施

设备使用的房屋等。

47、不计算建筑面积和范围：

1）突出墙面的构件和艺术装饰，如：杖、垛、勒角、台阶、无枝雨篷等。

2）检修、消防等用的室外爬梯。

3）层高在2.2米以内的技术层、夹层。

4）构筑物，如：独立烟囱、烟道、油罐、水塔、储油（水）池储仓、地

下人防干、支线等。

5）建筑物内外的操作平台、上料平台，及利用建筑物的空间安置箱罐的平台。

6）围护结构的屋顶水箱，舞台及后台悬挂幕布、布景的天桥、挑台。

7）单层建筑物内分割的操作间、控制室、仪表间等单层房间。

8）层高小于2.2米的地下室、半地下室深基础地下架空层。

9）岗亭、警亭、书报亭

10）里弄房屋后天井内的天棚

11）利用马路、通道计隙地所搭棚架

12）阁楼

13）房屋的平台、晒台、花台、屋顶平台等。

48、购买期房的三个好处，三种风险。

好处：1）购买越早开售的房屋，其售价越低。

2）越早购买，对楼内的户型才有更大的选择余地。

3）购买期房可以监督施工，对用材用料心中有数。

风险：1）房屋延期交付使用的风险（阐述公司品牌、信誉好等）

2）房屋内在品质变换的风险（阐述建筑公司实力）

3）房屋权属证件无法按期得到风险（阐述公司品牌、信誉好及签署正规

合同等）

49、买现房有什么弊端？

弊端：

1）价格高。

2）户型不全、楼层不齐、可选余地小。

3）质量无法鉴定。

50、房型功能：

1）内外分区

指把住宅分成内区和外区，主要是根据空间使用功能和私密程

度的层次来考虑的，即把家庭内的居家活动与接待客人的活动

进行区域划分。一般把客厅、门厅划分为外区；卧室、卫生间、厨房等划分为内区。内外有别、严格划分、互不干扰。

2）动静分区

指把安静的空间和与其交往等活动的空间分区，动静分区也可以

说是昼夜分区，一般来说会客、起居、用餐和厨房是住宅的动区，卧室是静区，工作和学习也属于静区，根据职业不同，有的在白

天，有的在晚上。

3）居餐分区

住宅不仅强调起居空间，而且也强调设置用餐空间，在面积许可的情况下优先考虑设置专用餐厅。

4）干湿分区