第一篇：大学英语四级写作存在的问题及应对措施
大学英语四级写作存在的问题及应对措施
英语写作是体现英语运用能力的一个重要方面,也是各类英语考试的必考题型之一。但是从历年考试的情况来看,写作作为主观题型一直是考生的薄弱环节。
为了提高大学生英语写作水平,从1997 年6 月起,四、六级考试采用“作文最低分制”来计算成绩。按规定,考生写作成绩若为0 分,无论其总分是否高于60 分,均按不及格处理;若成绩高于0 分,低于6分,计算成绩时,需从总分中减去6 分,再加上实得作文分,也就是说,要从总分中减去实得作文分与6分之间的差额部分。
举例来说:若前边85 总分得分65 分,但是作文得分为0 分,那么最后成绩评为不合格;若前边85总分得分59 分,作文得分为5 分,那么最后成绩不是64 分,而是59 + 5-6 = 58 分。
这一评分原则体现了国家对提高大学英语水平的高度重视,也反映了英语教学正在向重视培养语言应用能力的方向发展。因此写好一篇文章对参加四级考试的学生来说可谓至关重要,不容忽视。纵观历次四级考试作文阅卷的情况,普遍存在着以下几方面的问题,而这些问题正是考生作文拿不到高分的关键所在。
第一,英语底子太薄。主要表现为对语法知识掌握不牢及对基本词汇记忆不清。它包括定冠词和不定冠词的滥用,主谓不一致,单复数搞不清楚(例如:a people 等),时态和语态混乱及词语的各种形式掌握不牢。许多考生的写作仍停留在句子水平上,还没有上升到语篇,因此写出的文章不流畅很生硬,虽篇幅很长,字迹也很工整,但是读完之后只觉得思路紊乱,支离破碎,没有一个完整的句子,只能得两三分。还有一些学生,中学所学的语言基础知识在大学里没能够得到巩固。
第二,词汇量太小,且对已学词汇记忆不清。比如1999 年1 月的作文,题目是“Don't Hesitate to say No”,大部分学生能够领会题意并能按给出的汉语提纲作文,但有的学生连Hesitate是什么意思都不知道,更不用说在此基础上再作发挥了。另外有的学生虽然对题目及要求非常清楚,但是因为自己所掌握的词汇所限,无法用一些合适的词来表达自己的思想,于是只有绕着题目翻来覆去乱说一气,再加上这次出的作文提纲就象一道绕口令:
1.别人请求帮助时,在什么情况下我们会说“不”;
2.为什么有些人在该说“有”的时候不说“不”;
3.该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处。所以在看过一个又一个的“No”再加几个“Yes”之后,阅卷考师也给搞得云里雾里,头脑发胀,最后也只得酌情给个两三分罢了。还有的一写到纸上就是错别字满篇,有些词汇的用法也走了样。其中最典型的是将for example 写成example for ,for instance 写成for a instance ,illegal 写成unlegal ,而such as ,in spite of 等许多短语则是乱用一气。词汇的有限导致许多学生有口难言,欲说不能,对他们来说,用英语作文实在是一件很头疼的事情。
第三,母语干扰的痕迹非常明显。例如,1998年1 月的作文题目为“Harmfulness of Fake Commodities”。有一位考生要表达“别人赚钱有人眼红”这样的意思,他不会使用“envy”或“envious”等词语,而是直接把眼红翻成了“red eyes”,使人感到费解。另一位考生想要讲述自己买了一双假冒皮鞋不久鞋上开了一个洞这样的意思,就写出了“There was a cave in the shoe”这样的句子。这些虽然都是极端的例子,但也反映了母语干扰的一个方面。
第四,缺乏思想,深度不够。很多学生虽然已是大二,甚至是大三大四,但是他们在作文当中所表现出的智力水平与阅历似乎只相当于一个初高中生。写出的文章着眼点低,视野狭窄。作文着眼于同学之间的关系,反映同学之间的帮助,这并不为过,但是这种帮忙不能仅仅限于在考试当中的帮忙,而且对这种帮忙都是一句话“Don't hesitate to say'No'”。与在校考生比较起来,社会考生应多一些社会阅历,也多了一些见解,但是举出来的例子也是范围太窄,大多是讲老板或领导让干的事只能答“Yes”而不能回答“No”。其实可举的例子很多,关键是要抓住实质,有思想,有深度。
第五,缺乏应试技巧。主要表现为有些学生在篇首或篇尾有喊口号倾向(如Dear Friends, let's not hesitate to say“No”),或画蛇添足,本来文章该结束了,却偏要罗罗嗦嗦再来两句多余的话;另外一些学生字数把握不准,不是写得太短就是写得太长,即使内容好,却得不到应得的分数;还有一些学生的笔迹(尤其是用纯蓝墨水纲笔和出水太浅的圆珠笔写的),让阅卷老师难以看清楚。
以上是四级英语考试中常见的几个问题,更是我们平时英语作文当中应该注意的几个方面。要写好一篇英语文章,关键要在平时下功夫,打好牢固的基础,同时注意写作技巧。
写作的技巧很大程度上不能从分析考试题目本身来得出,需要通过对大量英文文章的学习和总结得来,即功夫在题外。笔者在英语写作中有几点心得。
一、要善于模仿
对大多数学习英语的学生来说,英语的词汇量、句式的积累还极其有限,远不能达到用英文流畅表达、挥洒自如的境地。在这一阶段进行创作是不合时宜的,如果非要创造,只能写出“long time no see”这样的文字来。因此,模仿是这一阶段的必要手段。
谈到模仿,一些学生的办法就是背一堆范文,然后再到考场上进行一个“剪切”、“粘贴”的工作,效果可想而知。这不是真正意义的模仿,充其量算是默写课文。如何模仿呢?
首先,模仿的目标要明确。模仿的重点永远在一定的句式结构上,而非个别的词汇。道理很简单:一个词,随着文章内容的变换,可能就不能用了;而句式结构是放置四海而皆准的,适用的范围广,学来对写作的帮助也就明显。
其次,模仿的材料要地道。像新概念英语这样的教材就提供了很多原汁原味的英语表达法。盲目选择文章学习,记一些不中不洋的句子,只能是以讹传讹,浪费时间。
最后,模仿要体现在实际动笔上。比如说,新概念第三册有一个句式:“ for the simple reason that.”表示某种现象的原因是什么,如果将其用在大学英语考试我们对解释为什么自行车在中国如此流行时,就可以表达为:“The bicycle is very popular in China for the simple reason that.”。然而,很多同学经常背了这些句式不用,一谈到原因仍然是“because”,等等。
二、要灵活变通
在批改英语作文的过程中,经常能发现一些将中文生硬地翻译成英文的表达法。由于中英文之间的差异和词汇量、表达法积累的不足,出现难于表达的情况是十分正常的,关键问题在于如何处理。有一句话叫做“立志如山,行道如水”,套用在这个问题上就很合适。写作遇到问题时要灵活,能像流水一样变通解决问题。
有个翻译界的故事说:在某大型国际会议的招待会上,一道菜是用鸡蛋做的。与会的客人问翻译:“What is it made of ?”本来是非常简单的一个问题,结果翻译太紧张,忘了“egg”这个词,但是他急中生智,回答:“It is made of Miss Hen'son.”这就是一个灵活变通的范例。绕道表达,是写作中应该常常运用的一种方法。
三、要细心观察
要写好英语作文,还要带着敏锐的目光细心地观察,注意英语中一些表达上的习惯。
比如,在正式文体的写作中,很少用“it isn't”这样的缩略形式,而往往是一板一眼地写作“it is not”。同理,在正式文体中的日期一般不缩写,阿拉伯数字一般会用英文表达(特别长的数字除外)。
再比如,在新概念第三册所有的课文中,凡是文章的段首句出现转折时,转折词However都放在句子结构中的第二部分,以插入语的形式出现。分析原因,是因为段落一开始就用转折词,会显得较生硬、突兀。
最后,许多同学在写作文时,习惯于把“since”“because”“for”这样的词放在句首引导原因状语从句。事实上,在我们见到的英语报刊杂志文章中,这样的从句一般都是放在主句之后的。另外“,and”也常常被误放在一句话的开头,表示两个句子之间的并列或递进关系。其实,经常留心地道的英语文章能发现,如果是并列关系,完全可以不用连词;如果是递进关系,用“furthermore”“what is more”更为普遍。
四、要心有全局
英文写作十分强调形式上的严谨性,特别是全局的丝丝入扣。如果写作时结构意识良好,应试写作就简化成为一个填空的过程了。框架万变不离其宗,适当地填加观点、素材,文章就自然而然地立起来了。
掌握了这些英文写作中的练习技巧,会使提高英文写作水平的努力有更大的收益。
大学英语四级写作十种常考类型作文及范文：
1、致辞
2、求职信/求学信
3、邀请信
4、个人简历
5、告示
6、就业
7、考试
8、读后感
9、难忘的人
10、论述文框架
1、致辞
Directions: Write a speech on the opening of a conference of no less than 120 words.In your speech, you should：
1、进行自我介绍，2、详细介绍大会内容，3、结束语。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!To begin with, I would like to make a brief introduction to myself.I am the president of Motorola(China)Electronics Ltd.The following is my introduction to the conference.First, it is my great honor to be here with all of you and declare open the Conference of International Trade Cooperation.Second, on behalf of our company, I would like to express my heartfelt welcome to all the guests and delegates.Last, I believe our cooperative efforts are sure to be productive.I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this conference and hope the above information will help you.If you have any question for me, please feel free to ask at any time.Thank you for your attention.2、求职信/求学信：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter applying for a position of a company.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese：
1、申请职位，2、简要介绍自己的情况，3、期待回信。
Dear Sir or Madam，I am senior from the Department of Business Administration of Beijing University.I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for admission into your esteemed institution/your recently advertised position for a staff member.I am sure that I am qualified for it.First, enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and work experience.Second, not only do my qualifications and experience make me a perfect candidate for it, my cheerful personality is well suited to studying in your prestigious university/working as a staff member.Last, my hobbies include sports and music.Words fail me when I try to express my heartfelt gratitude to the help you rendered me.Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely，Li Ming
3、邀请信：
Directions: You want to invite some friends to a party.Write an invitation letter to them individually：
1、邀请参加晚会，2、说明举办晚会的原因，3、将安排哪些活动。
Dear Wangcai，I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr.Old Fish’s wedding ceremony with Ms.Fujiwora to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m.on April 1, 2007.As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebration and share our joy.The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony.This will be followed by a dinner party.At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company.Yours sincerely，Li Ming
4、个人简历：
1、致辞：
Directions: Write of resume of yourself of no less than 120 words.In it, you should：
1、说明姓名、地址、联系方式、求职目标，2、教育背景、工作经历、资历，3、所获奖励、特长，以及个人资料。
RESUME Li Ming
P.O.Box 237, Beijing University
5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871
Tel: 62768888 Email: liming@163.com
Career Objective: A position with management potential in the
banking business specializing in international corporate financing
Educational Background:
Sept 2003 to Beijing University
July 2007 Major in International Business Management
Main courses include English，computer,Business Management, Accounting, International Commercial Law
Work Experience:
July 2006 to Bank of China
June 2007 Internship, Secretary to Deputy Manager of Marketing
Draft business correspondence
Schedule deputy manager’s appointments
Qualifications: University graduation certificate and
bachelor degree to be conferred upon graduation(2007)
College English Test Band 4 June 2005
Honors & Awards: Twice awarded scholarship by Beijing
University 2005& 2006
Special Skills: Familiarity with Microsoft Word, Excel
Ability to work independently
Outstanding Organizational skills
Experience: President of Student Union 2003-present
Personal Data: Date of Birth: Sep.17, 1984
Gender: Female
Marital Status: Unmarried
5、告示：
Directions: The Students’ Union of your department is planning a Chinese Speaking Contest.Write an announcement which covers the following information：
1、比赛目的、时间、地点，2、参赛者的要求，3、裁判和奖励的细节。
You should write about 120 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the end of the announcement.Chinese Speaking Contest
December 22, 2007
To improve students’ ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities, the Students’ Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week(29 December)at the Students’ Auditorium.Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week.Five professors will be invited to be judges.The first six winners will be given awards.Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.The Students’ Union
Department of Chinese Language and Literature
6.就 业：
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Jobs for Graduates.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：
1、大学生难找工作，2、原因很多，3、解决的办法。
Job hunting has always been a headache for college students.Though many graduates are employed right after graduation, some are not.Most serious of all, some still have no idea where to go working even a long time after graduation.The reasons for this phenomenon are various.On the one hand, a few years ago colleges and universities enrolled so many students in popular majors, such as economy, finance and so on that the number of graduates was greater than the need in the market.On the other hand, most graduates would rather stay in large cities without suitable job to do than go to the country.I reckon this problem can be solved if both colleges and students take measures.First, they should research the market and develop special skills to suit its need.Second, students’ attitude towards employment should be changed.They should go to small cities and country.There they can also give full play to their professional knowledge.In a word, if we pay much attention, the situation can be improved.7、考试：
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Views on Examinations.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：
1、大学都用考试来衡量学生的成绩，2、考生可能带来的副作用，3、我对考试的看法。
In most colleges and universities the examination is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject.Although it does the job quite efficiently, its side effects are also enormous.To begin with, examinations lower the standards of teaching.Since teachers are often judged by examination results, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques.No subjects can be taught successfully merely through being approached with intent to take examinations.In addition, the most undesirable effect is that examinations encourage bad study habits.As the examination score is the only criterion for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically rather than to think creatively.In fact, few of us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students’ academic development.If that is the case, why cannot we make a change and devise something more efficient and reliable than examinations?
8、读后感：
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Favorite Novel.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：
1、我最喜爱的小说，2、该小说的内容，3、我为什么喜爱。
My favorite novel is Around the World in Eighty Days which is written by Jules Verne.The author was born in France and devoted himself to literature and wrote several scientific romances, which gained him the name——Father of Modern Science Fiction.This is a book of science fiction which tells us an exciting story about an English gentleman, Mr.Phileas Fogg, who makes a bet with his clubmates and manages to travel around the world in eighty days.It gives us a vivid description of the many difficulties and incidents which happen on his journey.From this story, we can see the author’s deep love for the sea, travel and adventure, which played a vital role in his life.We are also astonished and convinced by his fertile imagination and scientific and geographical knowledge.9、难忘的人：
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The most unforgettable Person I ever Know.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：
1、我生活中最难忘的人是，2、为什么他(或她)令我难以忘怀，3、结论。
In my life I have met a great many people who are really worth recalling.But perhaps the most unforgettable person I ever know is my English teacher.What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities.First and foremost, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer—an awakening of a passion for learning.He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of English language and literature, but also aroused our great interest in exploring something deeper in this field.Furthermore, I was attracted by his lively wit.I remember that we students always anticipated his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered, never failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs.Although it is nearly two years since I attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and I know part of him has already stayed in my heart.10、论述文框架：
Owing to the speedy economic development, the number of people who…has considerably increased/declined.It is universally acknowledged that … plays a crucial role in modern society.Due attention has to be paid to the issue of….With the reform and opening-up in recent decades，people in mounting numbers have come to realize the significance of ….If we let this situation continue as it is, we do not know where humans will be in the forthcoming future.Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures.To begin with, we should appeal to the authorities to make strict laws to ….In addition, we should cultivate the awareness of people that … is essential to us.Only in this way can we reverse this disturbing trend illustrated above.
第二篇：大学英语四级写作
大学英语四级写作
议论文
议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法、主张的一种文体。写议论文要把握三性和三要素。三性指准确性、鲜明性和生动性。三要素指论点、论据和论证。
论点的基本要求：观点正确，概括全面，见解新颖，有实际意义，要恰当地综合运用各种表达方式。
论据的基本要求，真实可靠、充分典型。
论证的基本要求：推理必须合乎逻辑，论证要讲究顺序，论证要符合正确的推理形式。简而言之，英语议论文共有三大特点：
1、观点鲜明的开头；
2、紧扣主题的结尾；
3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。
这三点当中，第1、2点早已为绝大多数中国学生所熟知，因为开头点题和结尾扣题同样也是汉语文章的要求。
另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，在英文应试写作中更加如此。正因为没有“主题句”的思想，所以中国学生在写英语文章时经常“想到什么，就写什么”，这在英语议论文中是不能接受的。
常用的关联词分为四类：
1、列举类
列举法常用在议论文中，当作者提出一个论点后，可通过列举出一系列事实对其进行说明或论证。
列举类关联词有：
first(ly), second(ly),...finally;for one thing, for another;on the one hand, on the other hand;moreover;furthermore;what's more;in addition;besides;first of all;in the first place, in the second place;(at)last;then;next;the last but not the least2、举例类
举例法是用事例或数据对中心观点进行说明论证的方法，举例类关联词有：
for example;for instance;such as;like;take...for example;a case in point;namely;in other words;that is;especially;in particular3、比较和对比
比较是把两种或两种以上的事物进行比较，以辨别出它们的相似之处；对比是将这些事物进行对照，辨别其差异而指出各自的特征和本质。这类关联词有：
but;however;yet;otherwise;while;in contrast;by contrast;on the contrary;similarly;likewise;like;conversely;rather than;instead;on the other hand;equally;nevertheless;nonetheless;unlike;still;in the same way;compared with...4、因果类
as a result;since;because(of);thanks to;due to;owing to;for this reason;hence;thus;therefore;on this/that account;on account of;consequently5、总结类
总结法是指在表达了一个观点或举了一个例子后，进行总结、给出概括，这类关联词有： in this case;according to;in a word;in brief;in short;to sum up.范文1：
Career or Family: which is more important?
When asked about their opinion of career and family, people always respond differently.Some people deem it more important to pursue their career, while there are always other people who argue that family should be the number one in one’s life.It goes without any question that career plays a key role in our life.In the very first place, career can give us an aim to live on.Without career, much of our living time will be certainly wasted.What’s more, career can provide us with a means to live on.Most of the people earn their income from a job.On the other hand, family is also an indispensable part of life, as many people will admit.Family is always regarded as a place where we can escape from troubles in life.In addition, we can obtain a sense of belonging to from family.Without it, anyone will feel lonely and desperate.In my opinion, career and family are not in opposition to each other.Rather, they can enhance each other so that one’s life can become better and better.Therefore, it’s not a choice between right and wrong, but one between ideal and practical.作文中可用的谚语或句子：
As a saying goes:俗话说
1、A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。
2、An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。
3、A good idler ,an old beggar.少壮不努力，老大徙伤悲。
4、Do as the Romans do.入乡随便俗。
5、Each coin has two sides.有利必有弊。
6、Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
7、It is never too old to learn.活到老学到老。
8、Like father, like son.有其父，必有其子。
9、No cross, no crown.不见风雨，怎见彩虹。
10、Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
11、Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成12、Time flies.....时光飞逝。。
13、Look before you leap.(三思而后行。)
14、“No pains, no gains”.（没有付出就没有收获）
15、As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides”.On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health.On the other hand, if you don’t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health.So we should look at the matter from two sides.一．The main types of guided writing:
1.提纲式作文：
Directions:
Women make a great contribution to the progress of modern society.But there are still some people who don’t agree with it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper based on the following outline.1.Role of women in modern society
2.Prejudices and discrimination against women
3.My comment
You should write about 200 words within 40 minutes.Women play an important part in modern society.Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering.They comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories.Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex.In addition, some of are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men.There are even some businesses which are run completely by women.It is obvious that women are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern society.There are, however, still some people who assert that men are superior to women in many ways.In the first place, many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough.They believe that women are the weaker one, both physically and emotionally.According to them, a woman’s place is within the protective environment of the home.Secondly, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males.Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only.In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than do women.Personally, I’m firmly standing on the side of those women right defenders.Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing.二、The structure of a paragraph and its development:
1.Structure of a paragraph: topic sentence, development sentence and concluding sentence.2.Ways of developing a paragraph:
1)Comparison and contrast(对比法)
2)Cause and effect(因果法)
3)Exemplification(举例法)
4)Generalization and qualification(概述法)
5)Argument(议论法)
三、Some sentence patterns commonly-used in controlled writing :---关于利弊、优缺点的句型：
have the advantage of „..(有„.方面的长处)
benefit sb/sth.(对„有好处)
benefit from sth.(由于„.而受益)
do(a lot of)good to sb.(对„.有许多好处)
be good for sb./sth.(对„.有益)
do damage to sth./damage sth.(对„.造成损害)
be as(not so)good/great as „„
not so much „ as „(与其说„,不如说„)
---说明原因的句型：
1.There are some manygood reasons for„ to do sth
Example: There are two reasons for the changes in people’s living conditions.First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy.Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been put under control.2.We have two good reasons for „
3.The reasons for „ is that + 从句
--表示不同看法的句型：
1.Different peoplehave hold different opinionviewon
this questionproblem
Some believe that „Others argue that „Still others maintain that „译：人们对国际文化交流的看法各不相同。有些人认为，国际文化交流能促进各国人民之间的友谊和了解。另一些人则争辩说，中国是一个具有5000年历史的文明古国，并且有自己的传统文化，它和西方文化截然不同。因此，他们反对国际文化交流。我认为，第2种看法是片面的。现在国际文化交流是非常重要的。各国人民应该互相了解、互相学习以便增进友谊。
People differ in their opinions on the international cultural exchange.Some believe that international cultural exchange contributes to the friendship and understanding of the people all over the world.Others argue that China is an ancient civilized nation with a history of 5000 years and has its own
traditional culture, which is quite different from that in the western countries.Therefore, they are opposed to the international cultural exchange.In my opinion, the second view is one-sided and partial.The international cultural exchange is of great importance now.People of all countries should understand each other and learn from each other to enhance the friendship among them.1.They are quite different from each other in their opinions.2.Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family.Example: Parents and children think differently on this question.Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school.Children, however, maintain that they should have freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.---表示必须、紧急、有困难做某事的句型：
1.It is important(necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable)for sb.To do sth.2.have trouble difficulty(in)doing sth.(有困难做某事)
have trouble with sth.(对„有困难，不好对付)
---关于因果关系的句型：
1.The reason for higher prices was an increase in demand.because as since causesresult in thereforeas a resultbecause of---辩论中常用的句型：
1.There is no doubt that „毫无疑问 2.It is obvious/clear that 明显„
3.As is known all众所周知4.(It’s)no wonder„(难怪)
5.It goes without saying that „(不成问题，很自然)
6.What is more important更重要的是7.I am convinced that我坚信
第三篇：大学英语四级写作
Exercise
For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling.You should write at least 120words following the outline given below:
1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写
2.出现这种现象的原因是……
3.为了改变这种状况，我认为……
Outline：
I.fewer and fewer students pay attention to their word-spelling
1.can only imitate the pronunciation of a word but be incapable of spelling it
II.There are some causes for it
1.fewer and fewer students need to write English essays
2.the goal of most students to learn English is to speak it and pass the examination
3.the wide use of electronic devices such as e-dictionaries and computers
III.Measures should be taken to solve the problem.1.we need to attach great importance to word-spelling.2.should write English as much as they can
3.the dictations should be reinforced in the class.满分范文：
Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling
Nowadays, students attach less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study.This phenomenon greatly influences students’ writing and brings on worries among teachers.There are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon.First, exam-oriented education makes the students pay less attention to spelling.Second, some teachers should also be responsible for it because they don’t emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching.Last but not least, some students are too lazy to recite words.Since spelling is one of the most important factors in English study, due attention should be given to it.As for me, I think, first, exams should be modified to add some factors into it, which would help student pay more attention to spelling.Then, schools should also set effective mechanisms to help teachers as well as the students to realize the importance.Finally, for students themselves, they can, through other ways, make them be interested in word spelling.Only by these can we surly realize the importance of spelling and make improvement.大学生应该学选择什么书读？
Reading regularly has long become a common part of people’s life.And reading preference has always aroused the greatest concern.What impresses us most is according to the table, the percentage of book circulation in an American university library, which shows that the circulation of popular fictions, general nonfictions, science/technology/education books and art/ literature/poetry books accounts for 65.9%,18.2%,10.8%and 5.1% respectively.The reasons for the phenomenon are varied.Among the various reasons, the appealing content of the popular fictions plays an important part.That is to say, thanks to its appealing plot, popular fictions attract more people than other
types of books do.What is more, science and art books which require readers’ knowledge on
relevant fields are highly demanding.For example, it’s hard for students majoring in chemistry to
understand Browning’s poems, and vice versa.When talking about my reading preference, I think I prefer to science books.On the one hand,in order to deepen what I’m specializing in, I need read more books relevant to my major.On the
other hand, these books can also broaden our horizons.In brief, college students should choose
books according to their interests and needs.2.对比选择型作文模板
1.Different people have different views on——
2.Some people prefer,——.3.Others tend to, ——.4.As to me, I agree with /to ——
5.Of course,——.6.For example,——
7.But,——
8.The following reasons can account for my preference——
9.The main reason is ——.10.A good example to illustrate is ——
11.Fur another,——
12.From the foregoing（综上所述）,——
1．开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。(上述12点译文)
2．表明一部分人的看法。
3．另一部分的看法。
4．作者的看法。
5．承认自己不赞同的看法有一定的合理性。
6.举例说明支持第五句。转折指出这种观点的不足。启下句过度到下段具体阐述自己所支持的观点的理由。
9.支持观点的理由一。
10.举例说明理由一。
11.理由二。
12.总结全文，从长远看来。
Is a test of spoken necessary?
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English
Test(CET).Different people have different views on it.Some prefer to have such a test.Others
tend to decline any kind of test of spoken English.As to me, I agree with the first statement.Of course, a test of spoken English is very difficult to handle and the test time is not long
enough to fully display participants’ ability to spoken in English.For example, if a candidate
draws a topic which he or she is not familiar with, it’s hard to show his or her command of spoken
English.But without such a test, some people may not have motivation to practise spoken English.The following reasons can account for my preference.The main reason is that such a test enhances college students’ awareness of the importance
of spoken English.A good example to illustrate is that several years ago, college students only
stressed reading and writing skills, ignoring to building up listening and speaking ability.For
another, a certificate of such a test will make job-hunting easier.From the foregoing, I think a test
of spoken English is of necessity.3.问题解决型作文模板
1.Withthedevelopment/improvementof ——,——.2.It is necessary that——.3.On the one hand, ——.4.On the other hand, ——
5.Therefore, how to —— is worth paying attention.6.Firstly——7.Secondly——
8.For example,——9.Thirdly, ——.10.In other words,——
11.In fact, ways to —— are countless.12.It’s time that ——
1．空格一处铺垫，空格二处填写某一问题。
2．关注解决现象引出的问题很必要
3．解决问题很必要的理由一。
4．解决问题很必要的理由二。
5．承上启下，填要解决的问题。
6.解决办法一。解决办法二。
8.举例解释解决办法二。
9.解决办法三。
10.阐明解决办法三。
11.指出解决问题的办法多种多样。
12.强调解决问题时不可待。
Reduce Waste on Campus
With the improvement of living standard, waste on campus is increasingly serious.It is
necessary that something should be done to reduce waste on campus.On the one hand, our waste
has already caused a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity.On the other
hand, our waste adds our parents as well as our society a burden.Therefore, how to eliminate waste on campus is worth paying attention.Firstly, we should
turn off the light when we leave our dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as
possible.Secondly, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or wash clothes and dishes.For
example, we should use a basin when we clean faces.Thirdly, we should be economical.In other
words, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need.In fact, the ways to reduce waste on campus are countless.It’s time that we cultivate the
habit of thrift in every possible way.4.观点论证型作文模板
1.It is true that——.2.However,——.3.I think——.4.—— can be listed as follow.5.First of all, ——
6.Secondly ——
7.For example——
8.Thirdly,——
9.A case in point is ——.10.It goes without saying that ——
11.There is no doubt that ——
12.In conclusion ——
1．提出普遍存在地观点。
2．谈不同地观点。
3．自己地观点，即文章地论点4．过度句，转折到观点地论证，由题目选择具体的词。5．论
证理由一
6．论证理由二。
7．举例具体说明理由二。
8.论证理由三。
9.举例说明理由三。
10.提出执行该观点时应注意的事项。
11.得出结论。
12.总结全文。
It Pays to Be Honest
It is true that most of us value honesty highly.However, nowadays we often confront
confidence crisis such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities, etc.I think that we should be
honest.The reasons can be listed as follows.Firstly, only honest people can be truly respected by the others and can make more friends
over a long period of time.Secondly, honesty, which is the traditional virtue of the Chinese people,can make our life easier and more harmonious.For example, consumers will not be afraid of being
overcharged if dealers are honest, and on the contrary dealers can win more customers.Thirdly,honesty can make our society more stable.A case in point is that Singapore which is a society of
trustworthiness and integrity has a comparatively low criminal rate.It goes without saying that being honesty is of benefit to both the collective and the
individual.There is no doubt that we should foster the spirit of honesty.In conclusion, laying
stress on honesty will become the public morals in our society.应用文作文模板
建议信模板
Dear——
1.I am delighted to learn that——.2.It——.3.In my opinion,——.4.On the one hand,——.5.On the other hand, ——
6.As to the——, I suggest——.7.If ——
8.It is unnecessary for you to——
9.In addition,——.10.I am sure——
11.Please inform me ——
12.I am looking forward to ——
1．写信的原因。
2．引出作者的建议。
3．表达建议内容。
4．提出建议的理由一。
5．建议的理由二。
6．具体到某一方面的建议内容。
7．供被建议人选择的条件。
8．建议内容的另一方面。
9．其它的建议。
10．对建议内容的评价。
11.对建议内容所做出的承诺。
12.表达个人的愿望。
Sincerel
Signature:(个人签名)
A Letter to a Schoolmate
June 7th, 2010
Dear Wang,I am delighted to learn that you will visit me for a week during this national days.It has been
several years since we departed last time, and I am looking forward to your visit.In my opinion,Nanjing is your best choice for this holiday.On the one hand, there are many places of interest and
historical sites in Nanjing.On the other hand, Nanjing is a cultural center with various artistic and
musical performances.As to the famous sites, I suggest that you should visit the Confucius Temple and Dr.Sun
Yat-sen Mausoleum.If you are interested in parks, the XXX park will be your best choice.It is not
necessary for you to bring anything except your sweaters since it is a little chill in the evening.In
addition, as there will be many people at the railway station, you should not leave your belongings
unattended!I am sure you will enjoy your visit in Nanjing.Please inform me once you have made your decision.I am looking forward to seeing you
soon.，yours
Sincerely Yours,Zhang Ying
第四篇：初中英语写作教学中存在的问题及应对措施
初中英语写作教学中存在的问题及应对措施 作者单位：甘肃省华亭县西华初中 西华初中—高红
摘要:当前国内初中英语写作教学仍然存在一些不足，而造成这些不足的原因通常是因为母语影响、教师教学模式问题、学生英语基础知识参差不齐等。笔者总结自身多年的教学经验，针对当前初中英语教学存在的不足，提出提升初中英语写作教学的几点措施。关键词:初中英语；写作教学；问题；措施
英语书面表达能力是初中英语教学的基本要求，其同时也是中考英语试题中的关键部分。书面表达能力主要是对学生所学习的英语知识进行考察，学生采用书面的方式实施信息交流，描述生活道理，表达自身想法与意见的能力。英语写作教学属于初中英语教学中薄弱的一环。怎么提升初中英语写作教学的效率，进而提升初中学生的英语写作能力，是当前初中英语教学中急需解决的问题。
一、目前初中英语写作教学存在的不足
（1）汉语的逻辑思维来构建英语语序。初中生在日常英语表达的时候常常会套用中文的表达习惯，也就是通常所说的“中式英语”，包含一些习惯的语言用法、单词构成以及语法等。例如：我非常喜欢这个狗。将这句话翻成英语，许多学生都可能写成I very much like the dog。初中生习惯了母语的表达方式，将副词放在需要修饰的动词前面，而英语中却是恰好相反的。所以，正确的翻译应该是I like the dog very much。此外，还存在一些非常常见的错误，比如中文语句中不能表达be这个单词，而be这个单词在英语句子中根本没有实际的表达意义，因此非常容易被初中生漏掉。I doing homework now是初中生非常容易出现的错误。而在英语现在进行时的组成是，be+v+ing的形式，所以正确的句子应该是I am doing homework now。The boy is old enough to dress himself，学生大多数会写成enough old。因此，在英语教学课堂中，教师要注意发现初中生的这些不足，及时给予纠正。
（2）一个主语多个谓语。英语句子中都是含有一个谓语与一个主语，其他的动词通常都是以非谓语动词的形式出现出来。比如，I went home watched TV yesterday.应把watch TV 改为不定式短语，必须要在动词前面加to。教师在英语课堂中要正确指引初中生怎么使用不定式等非谓语形式。
（3）文章主次不明，层次不清，语篇布局能力弱。初中生受到中文的影响，通常在用英语进行表达的时候会不自觉的采用逗号，一直到表达完中止。而逗号在英语与中文中的使用还存在着一些差别的，初中生这样使用就严重影响了文章表达的效果。与此同时，还对文章连贯性有一定的影响，主题表达之间缺少有机的联系。再加上拼写方面、大小写以及标点符号等的错误，问题就比较严重了。(4)用语不当。英语词汇非常丰富，表达某种含义要选择合适的词，如The boy is handsome。不能说成 The boy is beautiful。如个子高用tall，不能用big或long。可见英文表达应认真选择词句。做到词应达意，语句通顺。（5）语篇组织能力差，文章主题不突出。英语中连接词很多如表顺序的：first，second，next, then, finally.表列举的such as，for example等等。（6）时态吴用，各种时态在作文中乱用，如写日记应该用一般过去时，学生按照自己的想法乱用各种时态。有些同学甚至不知道时态的构成。
二、具体的英语写作写作能力提高的措施
（1）积累词汇，丰富写作。我们说的每个句子，每段话都是由一个个词汇构成的，一个人要听懂别人的意思，或清楚地表达自己的思想感情，首先必须积累一定量的词汇。A、分类识记词汇。随着学生所学词汇量的增加，如果没有分类识记，很容易发生混淆和记忆零乱的现象。各类词汇通过整理、分类，再加以识记，更便于口语表达和写作。例如：描写人物的：tall., fat , nice, cute 等。常用动词词组：read book, fly kites, ride bike等。学生识记这些常用词汇，就好比有了写作武器，在写作中就能做到得心应手、灵活运用。B、积累好句。对于阅读课文和课外练习中优美语句，常用句型可以引导学生摘抄、识记。在写作中学生便会灵活运用，使文章写得更生动。例如：在一篇看图写作中，有的学生就运用课文中的语句:The sun is shining.The birds are singing in the trees.生动地表达图片内容。
（2）每节课前5分钟口语交际，后练习写作。口语交际是人们生活中的主要交际形式，学生能用简单的英语互致问候，交换个人、家庭和朋友的简单信息。在写作教学中，应通过口语交际激发学生写作欲望，让他们感到有内容可写。常见的形式有：围绕主题进行口语交际和看图说话。教师可以设置一个学生比较熟悉的主题。如： My Family, My Friend等，让学生围绕主题进行相关的口语交际，从而获得真实的信息用于写作。如：My Friend可以通过以下问题展开进行口语交际：What’s your friend’s name? How old is she/he? What does she /he like? What’s her/his favorite food?...交流后，学生便归纳出朋友的相关信息，如：Lucy is my good friend.She is twelve.She likes dancing.Her favorite food is bread.等。在写作中，学生往往观察片面没有条理，想象不够丰富。这时教师可以引导学生有条理的观察，并加以合理想象，描述出天气、周围环境、人物动作及情感，使短文写得更精彩。
（3）明确时态，对比写作。在初中一般现在时、一般进行时、一般过去时和一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时6种时态。在平时阅读教学中，教师应有意识的引导学生通过观察、分析、比较相关句型，归纳出各种时态的特征及构成形式。在对比中，明确各种时态表示不同时间发生的动作及基本构成形式。如：一般将来时的构成形式 be(am,is,are)going to + 动词原形等。只有在充分了解、明确各种时态的构成和使用范围的前提下，学生才会写出简单、正确的句子，避免出现因为时态混淆而出现的病句。在写作指导中，还要培养学生的审题能力，如：写“你和你的家人昨晚都吃了什么”，看到“昨晚”就应该想到用过去时，动词要用过去式。又如：写“你的梦想”，就要用一般将来时等。只要认真审题，结合所学的时态，学生就能写出正确的语句。其次，可以通过对比写作，引导学生举一反三，加深印象。如介绍自己：My name is „I’m twelve.I like apples.I can play basketball„ 接着，引导学生思考怎样描述自己的朋友。通过交流、讨论，学生创造出了新句子：Mike is my good friend.He is eleven.He likes milk.He can swim„.在模仿、比较中，学生很快明确了由于人称变化所带来的区别。这样的写作既轻松而且记得牢。
（4）相互交流、激励评价。写作完成后，教师可以组织学生小组交流阅读、修改。写得好的习作，可以粘贴在学习园地供其他同学阅读、学习。对于学生个体的进步、发展，教师应及时肯定，充分鼓励，从而增强他们的写作信心。另外，教师应及时批改作文，尽量面批，对全班同学容易出错的进行集体讲评。通过批改、讲评，让学生明确到错误的原因，增强认识，从而提高写作能力。（5）了解中西方文化差异，培养英语思维能力。在英语教学中，我们不仅要全面培养学生听、说、读、写四种能力，更要培养学生英语思维能力，排除他们在英语实践中的障碍。在课外，引导学生多阅读课外书，收看相关电视节目，影像资料等，拓宽知识，丰富对中西方文化的了解，从而对自己的表达作出正确判断。
总之，农村初中写作教学是一个艰辛而漫长的过程。我们在阅读教学的同时，应关注学生英语的积累和运用，从而提高写作的能力，为今后的英语写作打下良好的基础。
第五篇：探析英语写作中存在的问题及应对策略
摘要：写作教学是大学英语教学中的薄弱环节。传统英语教学的指导思想和教学方式上的某些倾向是制约学生写作能力提高的一大障碍。针对这些问题，教师应结合学生的实际，改进教学方法，使写作具有趣味性和针对性，对学生写作的评估既要有结果评估又要有过程评估，从而培养和提高学生的英语写作能力。
关键词：写作 教学 问题 策略
写作是一种思维活动，是学生表达思想的方式。英语写作能力训练是发展学生思维能力和表达能力的有效途径，也是衡量英语教学效果的标准之一。我国新修订的《大学英语教学大纲》明确指出:“本大纲的最终目的是培养学生具有以书面或口头进行交际的能力。”由此可见，写作教学已经成为大学英语教学中不可或缺的重要组成部分，是英语学习者必须掌握的一项基本技能。但是长期以来，由于各种主客观因素的制约，英语写作未能受到应有的重视。本文拟针对英语写作教学中的存在问题，探求提高学生英语写作能力的现实路径。
一、学生英语写作中的存在问题及原因分析
笔者在教学实践中发现，大多数学生上交的英语作文很明显的是一次成稿。通常存在以下方面的问题：作文思路狭窄，文章结构松散，缺乏逻辑性，内容肤浅空乏，说明文、议论文等体裁的作文尤其如此；语法、词序或拼写等表层错误较多，即使是一些最基本的、在初中阶段就学到的单词、语法在写作中也会出现错误；词汇贫乏，大部分学生会使用高中或初中学过的简单词汇、词组和句型，而很少使用在大学里所学的新词汇和词组；对于教师费心费时所做的作文评语，学生似乎视而不见。同样的错误学生屡犯不改，无视教师辛勤的劳动。在实际的写作教学中，教师把作文题目布置给学生，一方面许多学生敷衍了事，甚至互相抄袭；另一方面，教师由于学生上交的作文数量多、批改量大而无法做到面面俱到，不能进行细致、具体的修改和批注，因而学生不能及时得到反馈并调整自己的写作方法。长此以往，写作往往流于形式，从而成为英语学习最为薄弱的环节。从主观上看，尽管许多教师对听、说、读、写、译五项技能并重已达成共识,但在具体教学过程中，由于长期以来教师不得不同时承担着非常繁重的教学任务和多门课教学，只好整天忙于繁重的备课、上课、作业批改。这使得广大英语教师无暇在业余时间深入研究每一项技能的具体培养步骤和方式、方法，只能疲于应付和沿用传统的教学模式开展教学，根本无法就写作自身的特点和学生的实际写作能力进行评估，从而设计出一套完整、系统、科学的教学计划；此外，在传统的教学模式中，由于第二语言不同于母语的特殊性，教师在教学意识上普遍存在着重语言知识讲解、轻言语和表达技能训练的认识偏差，导致学生写作能力的低下。
二、学生写作障碍调查及结果分析
为了帮助学生解决以上问题，笔者对学生进行了问卷调查，帮助学生分析他们在写作方面存在的问题，并提出解决问题的方法。笔者对所任教的英语系三个班级165名学生进行了问卷调查和个人访谈，收集到了关于学生对作文的态度、他们的写作过程以及对教师反馈的态度等方面的有关资料。同时，笔者也通过与同事讨论，查阅有关资料等方式内省自身的写作教学理念、教学方法和教学效果等方面内容。谈到英语写作经历，仅有4%的学生把写作看成是愉快的经历。大部分学生则抱着非常无奈的态度，敷衍了事。还有20%的学生承认“怕写作，错误到处都是，很灰心”。还有位学生说“我就不知道写什么，想到哪写到哪”。问到对英语写作的看法，觉得写作很“重要”的学生高达78%，“有意思”的8%，“枯燥乏味”“不喜欢”的45%，引人注目的是约85%的学生对写作没有信心，认为写作“太难”。
调查结果表明：第一，学生在写作之前不能规划自己的写作，竟有80%的学生承认自己写作过程中不列提纲，在上交作文前也未加以任何修改。其二，学生对写作缺乏兴趣，加上语言基本功不够扎实，使得学生思路狭窄，内容和词汇空乏。其三，教师所采用的传统的写作教学方法在很大程度上纵容了学生的依赖心理。操作主要分三步：教师命题——学生写作——教师批改。在这种模式下，学生学习写作是处于一个孤立的环境，主要以阅读别人的写作然后模仿为主，第一稿通常也是最后一稿，写作的内容和写作的过程往往被忽视。通常教师采用的是先分析范文，然后让学生模仿范文写作，接着教师批改作文，最后全班评述。这种以教师为中心的教学方法使得教师对范文的讲解控制了课堂，牵引着学生的思考，使大部分学生养成了被动模仿的习惯，结果往往是学生的作文结构相似，内容大同小异，更无思想可言。其四，教师对于学生作文的反馈也存在不少问题。在作文评改过程中，教师一般只是浏览全文，标上一些批改符号，然后教师就全文大概内容，语言表达等给出主观印象分，写上一些笼统的评语。再加上教师批改学生作文缺乏系统，且批改符号不一致，随意性大，使得反馈的有效度大打折扣。在笔者的问卷调查中，约过半数的学生拿到作文后只关心自己的得分和周围同学的得分，而对于教师指出的错误却视而不见。还有不少学生反映他们不知道教师的评分标准，认为教师的评语中没有提供修改的信息，因而令他们无从下手修改。
三、提高学生英语写作能力的应对策略
1.选择适当的英语写作教学模式
写作的教学模式大体可分为三类：重结果的教学模式、重内容的教学模式和重过程的教学模式。重结果的写作教学是一种比较传统的教学模式，该教学模式强调语法、句法、词汇和拼写等句子层面上的教学，写作的内容和写作的过程往往被忽视。重内容的写作教学比较注重写作素材的收集。该教学虽可使学生运用原有的知识，还能借助新获取的信息开阔视野，丰富写作内容，但同时要求学习者必须具备一定的阅读能力，对学习者的现有语言能力要求较高，不适合低中级外语学习者。由于写作本身的过程性和我所任教学生的现有水平，重过程的教学模式不失为一种比较科学的教学模式。因为过程教学法将学生和学生的需求置于师生间交互学习的中心。该写作模式的操作主要有以下几步：写前准备、写初稿、修改、写第二稿、教师批改讲评几个阶段，教学力求营造一种教学氛围使师生能够共享信息，相互帮助，同时把写作视为一个过程，认识到第一稿只是这个过程的开始，通过与其他同学合作评估，学生能够切实看到自己的努力和进步。
2.提高学生英语写作的趣味性与针对性
在以往写作教学中，总是教师命题，不能激发学生的写作兴趣。如果能使学生为真正的读者而写，为真正的目的而写，将写作与学生的需求联系起来，则可大大激发学生的写作兴趣，不依赖任何现成材料而以学生已有知识结构和自身生活经历为创作源泉，以同学为读者进行写作交际，如编写电子邮件等。这样的互动还可以进一步延伸到现实生活中，一切从熟悉的人和事写起，既为学生提供了丰富的写作素材，也带给读者产生共鸣的基础。还可根据毕业班学生的实际需求布置学生写留言条、邀请函、求职信、个人简历等来培养学生充当各种社会角色需要的写作能力。在具体的教学实践中，我采用“学生习作选”方式教学，收到良好效果。大体流程如下：学期初确定作文选题——收集材料——初稿——二稿——集中讲评——定稿——自选优秀文章——学期末汇集成册，在每个环节都强调学生自评、互评，教师学生双向互动，让学生客观地认识到其在一学期的写作教学中所取得的进步，增强其成就感。同时它也提供了一种学生评价自身优缺点的机制，学生的英语写作兴趣大大增强，写作能力显著提高。
3.注重结果评估与过程评估的有效结合对写作结果的评估也就是学习成绩的评价，结果评估通常以“等级”的方式进行，在传统
教学中，教师的责任是批改学生的每份作业并给每份作业划个等级，学生的作业常常满篇都是教师的红笔，不仅使学生对写作失去了信心，也增加了教师的负担。研究发现，有建设性、鼓励性的反馈，加之写作内容和写作过程的评估有助于学生写作水平的提高，有助于培养学生对写作的正确态度。表扬比纠错更重要，过分纠错有伤学生的自尊，在学生几经校稿以后，教师应给予适当的反馈。过程评估一般在写作过程中进行，可由教师进行评估，也可由学生以讨论的方式进行，也可由学生自评。在互评的讨论中，教师可以给学生提供可参考的问题，这些对互评的成功起关键性的作用。
通过本学期过程教学法的实施运用，写作活动满足了学生的即时需求，在写前活动和修改活动中采用的小组活动，增加了学生间的交流，学生通过讨论交流写作方面的意见，从而使自己的写作逐步完善，学生的写作积极性得到极大的鼓励和调动，通过写作中的自评、互评学生的自主学习能力得以有效培养、锻炼，学生的作文在内容、观点、结构、语言等方面有了显著提高。笔者以前所面临的问题，基本上得到了解决。
写作是一个动态的复杂的心理认知过程、思维创作过程和社会交互过程。中间的每一个环节都折射着英语教学的力度及学生综合运用语言的实际水准。教师只有不断提高专业素养，积极研究各家教学法之长，并付诸实践，才能在目前课多、任务重的环境下，发挥主观能动性，积极想办法与学生切身交流沟通。在认真研究国外优秀教学理论和方法的基础上，改进传统的写作教学方法，探索适合中国国情的教学方法，从而增强学生写作的主动性和积极性。
参考文献：
[1]王笃勤.英语教学策略论[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2004.[2]刘军怀,司保红.学生会写、爱写和能写好的作文题——谈英语写作任务的设计[J].西安外国语学院学报,2005,(02).[3]刘红,邓鹂鸣.英汉思维模式差异对大学英语写作的影响[J].西安外国语学院学报, 2005,(01).[4]夏伊.中国英语专业学生议论文写作中的文化思维因素及其启示[D].首都师范大学, 2006.[5]桂俊玲,杜泉贵.在互动中培养学生英语思维模式[J].安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2006,(01).[6]常红梅.建构主义理论指导下的英语写作课堂教学模式探讨[J].北京市经济管理干部学院学报, 2006,(02).
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