第一篇:G20伦敦金融峰会
G20伦敦金融峰会
G20伦敦金融峰会是在国际金融危机持续扩大蔓延,世界经济陷入严重衰退的背景下召开的。
为应对此次全球性的危机,我国一方面及时调整宏观经济政策,果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,形成了进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的一揽子计划,另一方面以自信和负责任的态度,积极与国际社会携手合作,通过双边、多边和地区性合作等各种渠道,为世界经济尽快走出困境作出积极的贡献。成果主要体现在以下几个方面。
一、阐明了中方应对国际金融危机的看法。提出了在当前复杂多变的国际经济形势下中国政府始终积极参与应对国际金融危机的国际合作,重申中国政府将继续同国际社会加强宏观经济政策协调,推动国际金融体系改革,积极维护多边贸易体制稳定,为推动恢复世界经济增长做出应有贡献。
二、提出了中方关于国际金融体系改革的主张。坚持全面性、均衡性、渐进性、实效性的原则,推动国际金融秩序不断朝公平、公正、包容、有序方向发展,为此就改革国际金融体系提出六点建议:加强金融监管合作,尽快制定普遍接受的监管标准和规范;国际金融机构增加对发展中国家援助;金融稳定论坛应该发挥更大作用;国际货币基金组织应加强和改善对各方特别是对主要储备货币发行经济体宏观经济政策的监督,尤其应加强对货币发行政策的监督;改进国际货币基金组织和世界银行治理结构,提高发展中国家代表性和发言权;完善国际货币体系。
三、宣介我国应对危机的举措和取得的初步成效。尽管国际金融危机对中国实体经济的不利影响继续显现,但中国经济发展的基本态势和长期向好趋势没有发生根本变化,支撑中国经济持续较快发展的根基没有动摇。面对国际金融危机的冲击,中国将继续坚持对外开放的基本国策,始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略。
四、表明了反对保护主义、关注发展问题的鲜明立场。胡锦涛主席呼吁国际社会共同反对歧视外国劳务人员、提高市场准入门槛、实施贸易投资保护主义行为和滥用贸易救济措施,呼吁有关国家放宽对发展中国家不合理的出口限制,主张各国应坚守已达成共识,推动世贸多哈回合谈判早日取得全面、均衡成果。峰会成果文件明确呼吁通过世贸组织等监督机制对各国经济刺激计划进行审议,遏制正在上升的贸易保护主义,并希望各国坚守此前达成的共识。
胡锦涛主席承诺中国将进一步支持发展中国家。
五、推动了与有关国家双边关系发展。胡锦涛主席同奥巴马总统就中美关系和共同关心的重大问题广泛交换意见,一致同意共同努力建设21世纪积极合作全面的中美关系。胡锦涛主席和俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫就推进中俄战略协作伙伴关系、共同应对国际金融危机、加强在国际事务中的合作达成重要共识。在与英国首相布朗会见时,两国领导人就应对国际金融危机、推动国际金融体系改革、发展中英关系达成广泛共识。此外与法国总统萨科齐、日本首相麻生太郎、巴西总统卢拉等对扩大多边领域合作达成广泛共识。
不足:
鉴于IMF乃至国际金融体制的不公平性,包括中国在内的新兴经济体国家对西方国家先前主导的救市大合唱的不积极、不配合,中国的出资份额仅为400亿美元。G20峰会的成果对于新兴经济体国家而言,仅仅只是初试锋芒,这只是改革现有国际金融体系、建立国际金融新秩序的第一次有效尝试。
建议:
(1)联合各新兴经济体国家,以各国向IMF注资以及参与贸易融资为条件,推选各国人选在IMF、WTO、世界银行等全球金融管理机构中担任重要职务,在国际金融事务中取得话事权。
(2)联合各国控制救市资金的支付进度,避免一次性支付的出现,而是采取分次支付、事先严格审核国际货币基金组织支付用途的做法,尽可能延续各国在未支付前的主动地位。
(3)监督IMF等国际组织对救市资金的使用情况,尤其要避免救市资金对美国金融投机机构的“疗伤作用”。
(4)取得受援国家偿债抵押品的管理权,要求IMF在向其受援国提供经济援助时,以有价值的矿产、能源、优质企业股权、部分国家税收权等优质资产作为抵质押品。
另外,稳步推进人民币国际化,为作为未来全球最大经济体的主要货币做好准备。
第二篇:G20伦敦峰会公告全文
G20伦敦峰会公告全文(附英文全文)
伦敦首脑会议-领导者的声明
2009年4月2日.我们的20国集团领导人于2009年4月2日在伦敦召开会议。.我们面临着现代社会的世界经济最大挑战,自从我们上次会议以来,危机已经加深了,从而影响到每一个国家男女老少的生活,所有国家必须携手进行解决。一场全球性危机,需要全球性的解决方案。.我们开始相信,繁荣是不可分割的;这种增长,如要持续下去,就需要共享; 我们的全球恢复计划其核心必须在勤奋工作家庭的需求和就业,不仅在发达国家,也在新兴市场和世界上最贫穷国家也是如此;我们不能只考虑今天人们的利益,同样需考虑后代的利益。
我们相信,建立基于市场原则、有效监管和强有力的全球机构之上的开放型世界经济,这是可持续性全球化发展和所有各国日益繁荣增长的唯一可靠基础。.因此,我们今天承诺作出一切所必要努力,目的是: 恢复信心,发展和就业机会;
修复金融系统以恢复贷款;
加强金融监管以重建信任;
为国际金融机构积累资金和改革我们的国际金融机构,以克服这一危机,并防止未来危机;
促进全球贸易和投资,并拒绝保护主义,以巩固繁荣; 建立一个包容性,绿色和可持续的复苏。
我们将通过联手行动来完成上述承诺使世界经济走出衰退并防止这样的危机再次发生。
5.我们今天已经达成的协议有:将国际货币基金组织(IMF)的可用资金提高两倍,至7500亿美元;支持2500亿美元的最新特别提款权(SDR)配额;支持多边发展银行(MDB)至少1000亿美元的额外贷款;确保为贸易融资提供2500亿美元的支持;利用国际货币基金组织已经同意的出售黄金储备的所得资金,为最贫穷国家提供优惠融资。这些协议共同组成了一项1.1万亿美元的扶持计划,旨在恢复全球信贷和就业市场及经济增长。
在推出上述扶持计划以前,我们各国政府都已经分别采取了各自的措施,这组成了一项庞大的全球经济复苏计划,其规模是史无前例的。
恢复增长和就业机会
6.我们正在联手进行一次从未有过的财政扩张活动,将拯救或创造数以百万计的工作岗位;如果不采取这一活动则这些工作岗位将被摧毁。到明年底为止,这一活动总额将达5万亿美元,将全球产值提高4%,并加速向“绿色经济”的转型进程。我们保证将会持续加大必要的财政扩张规模以复苏经济增长。
7.各国央行也已经采取了异于常规的行动。大多数国家已经大幅下调了基准利率,而且各国央行已经承诺,只要还有必要,就会一直维持扩张性的货币政策,此外还将动用包括非常规工具在内的所有货币政策工具以维持物价稳定性。.我们的恢复经济增长的措施,直到我们恢复国内贷款和国际资本流动才会生效。我们已经为我们的银行体系提供了重要的和全面支持 ,如提供流动资金,重组金融机构和迅速解决受损资产。我们决心采取一切必要行动,通过金融系统恢复信贷的正常流动以确保重要机构系统的健全性,并按照20国集团的商定框架执行我们的政策以恢复贷款和修复金融部门。
9.总体而言,上述行动将组成现代历史上最大规模的财政和货币刺激计划,以及最为全面的金融业扶持计划。各国联手使得这些行动的影响力得以加强,而截至目前为止已经宣布的非常政策必须毫无拖延地加以实施。今天,我们已经进一步就1万亿美元以上的刺激计划达成一致,将通过全球金融机构和贸易融资为全球经济注入更多资金。
10.国际货币基金组织上个月预测,全球实体经济将恢复增长,到2010年底为止的增长速度将超过2%.我们确信,今天我们同意采取的这些行动,以及我们在维持长期财政可持续性的同时联手恢复增长和就业的坚定承诺,将会加快经济回归增长趋势的进程。我们今天保证将采取任何必要措施来确保这一成果,并呼吁国际货币基金组织定期评估已经采取的措施,以及全球各国还需采取哪些措施。.我们有决心确保长期财政可持续性和物价稳定,通过现在必须采取的措施,以支持金融部门和恢复全球的需求来建立可信的撤出战略.我们相信通过执行我们商定的政策,我们将控制经济的长期成本 ,从而减少在较长时期内财政巩固的必要规模。12.我们将以合作的、负责任的态度来实施所有经济政策,顾及这些政策对其他国家的影响,并将取消货币贬值的“竞赛”,构建稳定的、运行良好的国际货币系统。无论是现在还是将来,我们都将支持由公平、独立的国际货币基金组织对各国经济及金融业进行监管,对一国经济政策对其他国家的影响进行监管,以及对全球经济所面临的风险作出评估。加强金融监管和调控
13.金融业的重大衰退,以及金融监管措施的重大失误,是导致当前危机的根本原因。在我们重建公众对金融系统的信任情绪以前,经济信心不会得以恢复。我们将采取行动为未来的金融业建立更加强有力的、更加具有全球一致性的监管框架,从而对可持续性的全球增长形成支撑,为企业和个人的需求服务。.我们所有人都同意确保在本国推行强有力的监管系统,同时还同意建立更加具有一致性和系统性的跨国合作,创立全球金融系统所需的、通过国际社会一致认可的高标准监管框架。
加强金融监管必须能促进经济繁荣、体制完善和提高透明度;能抵御波及整个金融系统的风险;能缩小而非放大金融和经济周期;能降低经济对不适当的风险融资来源的依赖性;以及能阻止过度的冒险活动。
监管机构必须保护个人消费者和投资者、扶持市场纪律、避免对其他国家造成负面影响、减少“监管套利”的范围、支持竞争和动力、以及跟上市场创新的步伐。.为此,我们正在执行在上次会议上所确定和商定的措施计划(附于进度报告中).我们今天还发表了一项声明,加强金融体系。我们对如下几点达成一致意见: 建立一个新的金融稳定工作组(FSB),作为金融稳定论坛(FSF)的继任者,这个工作组包括所有20国集团的国家,FSF 成员,西班牙和欧盟委员会。
FSB 应与国际货币基金组织合作以警惕宏观经济和金融风险,并提出必要的以解决方案;
重塑监管体系以使各国官方能够鉴别并考虑到巨大的经济风险。
加强对所有重要的金融机构、金融工具和金融市场的监管与监督。这里首先应包括对重要的对冲基金的监督与监管。
签署实施FSF苛刻的有关支付和补偿的新原则,以支持所有公司的可持续补偿计划和公司对社会采取负责任的态度。
采取行动。一旦确认经济将要复苏,就应改善银行系统资金的质量、数量和可持续性。未来,所制定的秩序必须要防止过度的杠杆作用,并在繁荣时期建立资源利用作为缓冲工具。
采取行动抵抗不合作行为,包括避税。我们时刻准备着通过制裁,来保护公共财政和金融系统。拥有银行保密系统的时代已经过去了。我们注意到今天经合组织发布了一份关于全球论坛评估的反对交换税收信息国际标准的国家的名单。呼吁会计标准制定者与监管人员通力合作,以改善评估和准备措施的标准,取得一套具有针对性的高质量的全球会计标准。
加强对信用等级评估机构的监管与登记体制,确保它们符合国际惯例,特别是要防止不可调和的利益冲突。
16.我们要求各国财长按照《行动方案》中的时间表执行上述决议。我们已经要求金融稳定委员会(FSB)和国际货币基金组织(IMF)来监督进展情况,与金融行动特别小组和其他相关实体密切协作,并在11月份在苏格兰召开的下一次各国财长会议上提交一份报告。
加强全世界金融机构的力量
17.作为最近世界增长引擎的新兴市场和发展中国家目前也面临各种挑战。这些挑战现在增加了全球经济的低迷。为了提高全球的信心和有利于经济的复苏,应该将资金持续投入其中。这就需要下大力气巩固国际金融机构,尤其是IMF.因此,我们今天一致同意,通过全球金融机构追加8500亿美元可用资金,这笔资金将用来为逆周期支出、银行资本充足、基础设施建设、贸易融资、支持国际收支平衡、新债替旧债和社会支持提供资金,从而支持新兴市场和发展中国家的增长。为此目的:
我们同意立即通过将从成员国融资得到的2500亿美元投入到IMF以增加其资源。随后共同达成一个规模更大、更加灵活的新的贷款安排,再增加最高5000亿美元,并考虑是否有必要向市场举债。
我们支持由各多边开发银行(MDB)大幅增加至少1000亿美元的贷款,包括向低收入国家提供贷款,并确保所有多边开发银行的安全,包括拥有适当的资本。
18.这些资源应该得到有效和灵活的利用以支持增长,这一点至关重要。在这一方面,我们赞赏IMF取得的进展,包括它新推出的灵活信贷安排(FCL),以及它对贷款和限制条件框架的改革,这将确保IMF的各种工具能够有效地解决各国收支平衡融资需要的内在问题,尤其是外部资本从银行和企业部门回撤的问题。我们支持墨西哥寻求FCL的决定。
19.我们同意支持一个总的特别提款权分配安排,此举将向世界经济注入2500亿美元并提高全球流动性,并要求对《第四次修正案》进行紧急修订。
20为了让我们的金融机构能够帮助管理危机并防范未来的危机,我们必须增强它们的长期相关度、执行效力和合法性。因此除了我们今天达成的大幅增加资金来源的协议,我们还决定对国际金融机构进行现代化改革,确保它们能够在面临新的挑战时有效地向成员国和股东提供协助。我们将改革它们的授权、规模和治理,使之适应世界经济的变化和全球化的新挑战,同时新兴市场和发展中国家,包括穷国在内,必须有更大的话语权和代表权。要实现这一点,就必须相应地通过提高战略远见和决策水平来增强这些机构的信誉和问责机制。
出于这一目的: ·我们要坚决执行2008年4月达成的IMF配额和话语权改革的方案,并要求IMF在2011年1月之前完成下一次配额审查。
·除此之外,我们同意应该考虑给予IMF官员更高的参与度,令其能够向IMF提供战略指导并加强其问责机制。
·我们将大力实施2008年10月通过的世界银行改革方案。我们希望在下一次会议上,即2010年春季会议上,将通过关于发言权和会议代表改革的加速时间表而得到更好的建议。
·我们赞同国际金融机构的首脑和高级领导层一定要履行一个公开、透明的选举过程; ·根据IMF和世界银行的最新报告,我们要求会议主席与G20财长进行广泛深入的探讨,并在下一次会议上向大家报告,以期为提高国际金融机构的反应速度和适应能力进行深入改革。
21.除了改革我们的国际金融机构,令其适应全球化的新挑战,我们同意在关于促进经济活动可持续性的一些关键价值和原则上达成一项全球共识。我们支持就经济活动的可持续性问题进行讨论以期形成一个宪章,并就此在下一次会议上作进一步讨论。我们注意到其他一些论坛已经开始研究这一问题,希望能够对经济活动可持续性问题的宪章做进一步研讨。
抵制贸易保护主义,提高全球贸易和投资 世界贸易增长的繁华景气已经支撑了近半个世纪。但如今它所呈现的是25年来首次的衰退。滋生的保护主义者恶化了需求的下降和贸易信贷的萎缩,重振世界经济和投资对全球发展是关键的,我们不能重复以往所采取贸易保护主义的历史错误。于此结束:
为此我们重申在华盛顿许下的承诺:不得针对投资或商品及服务贸易设置新的障碍,不对出口施加新的限制,不得推行违背世贸组织(WTO)规则的措施来刺激出口。此外,我们将立即行动纠正已采取的这一类措施。我们决定将上述承诺的期限延长至2010年结束。
我们将努力把包括财政政策和支持金融业行动在内的国内政策行动对贸易和投资的任何不利影响降至最低程度。我们不会退而奉行金融保护主义,尤其不能采取限制世界范围内的资本流动--特别是流向发展中国家的资本--的措施。
我们将立即把任何这样的行为通报WTO,我们呼吁WTO和其他国际组织共同在各自职权范围内监督我们履行上述承诺的情况并每个季度予以公布。
与此同时,我们将采取一切力所能及的行动来促进和推动贸易及投资,我们将确保在未来两年中通过出口信贷和投资机构及多边开发银行(MDB)至少提供2500亿美元的资金来支持贸易融资。我们还将要求我们的金融监管机构将必备资本中的可用弹性资金用于贸易融资。23.我们将继续致力于就急需的多哈发展议程达成一个积极和兼顾各方的协议,这样世界经济总量每年至少能增加1500亿美元。为达成这一目标,我们承诺将维护议程已取得的进展,其中包括就议程形式所达成的一致。
24.在今后一段时期,我们将重新关注这一关键问题,我们将通过持续不断的工作和所有相关的国际会议来推动议程取得进展。
确保公平和可持续再生
25.我们决心不能仅恢复经济的成长,我们还必须为一个公平和可持续的世界经济奠定基础。我们已经意识到,当前这场危机对最贫穷国家的冲击过重,我们共同负有减轻本次危机对社会影响的责任,以求将危机对全球发展潜力的长期破坏降至最低限度。
我们重申我们在千年发展目标会议上作出的历史性承诺,我们将致力于履行我们各自的官方发展援助(ODA)承诺,其中包括促进贸易援助、债务减免及格伦伊格斯(Gleneagles)会议上做出的承诺,特别是对撒哈拉以南非洲国家的承诺。
我们今天已采取的行动和已做出的决定将提供500亿美元来支持低收入国家的社会保障、促进贸易和安全发展,这是我们在危机中显着加大对低收入国家和其他发展中国家以及新兴市场扶持力度的一个组成部分。
我们正在为最贫穷国家的社会保障体系创造可利用的资源,其中包括通过对长期食品安全项目进行投资,以及通过向世界银行的脆弱性架构体系(包括基础设施危机机构和快速社会反应基金)进行的自发的双边捐赠;
我们已决定借助新的收入模式--即动用IMF出售黄金所产生的更多资源--和结余资金在未来2至3年中为最贫穷国家再提供60亿美元的形式灵活的特惠贷款。我们呼吁IMF在春季会议上就此拿出切实的计划。
我们已同意对《偿债能力架构》的灵活性进行再评估,我们呼吁IMF和世行在国际货币金融委员会(IMFC)和发展委员会的年会上就此作出通报。我们呼吁联合国和其他国际机构建立一个有效机制,监控当前危机对最贫穷和最脆弱国家的影响。
我们呼吁联合国协同其他国际组织,建立一个有效的机制对金融危机在最贫穷国家和最易受危机侵害的国家所造成的影响实行有效监控。
26.我们对受本次危机影响的人口的数量和范围有清醒认识。我们承诺将通过创造就业机会和收入支持措施来帮助那些受到危机影响的人。我们将建立一个对男性和女性均友好的劳动力市场。因此,我们欢迎伦敦就业会议和罗马社会峰会发布的公报和它们所提出的基本原则。我们将借助刺激经济增长、投资于教育和培训来支持就业,通过积极的劳动力市场政策和关注最弱势人群来鼓励用工。我们呼吁国际劳工组织和其他相关机构共同工作,对我们已采取和未来有必要再采取的行动进行评估。27.我们同意以最佳方式使用财政刺激计划的资金,以达成帮助经济有活力、可持续且绿色复苏的目标。我们将进行变革,转用清洁的节省资源和低碳排放量的新技术及基础设施。我们鼓励多边开发银行(MDB)致力于达成这样的目标。我们将共同确定和推行构建可持续发展经济的进一步举措。
28.我们重申我们在化解气候不可逆变化威胁方面的承诺,其依据是各国负有共同但有区别责任的原则。我们将致力于在2009年12月于哥本哈根召开的联合国气候变化会议上达成协议。
履行我们的承诺
29.我们已承诺共同采取坚决的紧急行动,将以上承诺转化为行动。我们同意在今年底之前再次集会评估我们履行承诺的进展。
London Summit – Leaders’ Statement 2 April 2009 1.We, the Leaders of the Group of Twenty, met in London on 2 April 2009.2.We face the greatest challenge to the world economy in modern times;a crisis which has deepened since we last met, which affects the lives of women, men, and children in every country, and which all countries must join together to resolve.A global crisis requires a global solution.3.We start from the belief that prosperity is indivisible;that growth, to be sustained, has to be shared;and that our global plan for recovery must have at its heart the needs and jobs of hard-working families, not just in developed countries but in emerging markets and the poorest countries of the world too;and must reflect the interests, not just of today’s population, but of future generations too.We believe that the only sure foundation for sustainable globalisation and rising prosperity for all is an open world economy based on market principles, effective regulation, and strong global institutions.4.We have today therefore pledged to do whatever is necessary to: restore confidence, growth, and jobs;
repair the financial system to restore lending;strengthen financial regulation to rebuild trust;fund and reform our international financial institutions to overcome this crisis and prevent future ones;promote global trade and investment and reject protectionism, to underpin prosperity;and build an inclusive, green, and sustainable recovery.By acting together to fulfil these pledges we will bring the world economy out of recession and prevent a crisis like this from recurring in the future.5.The agreements we have reached today, to treble resources available to the IMF to $750 billion, to support a new SDR allocation of $250 billion, to support at least $100 billion of additional lending by the MDBs, to ensure $250 billion of support for trade finance, and to use the additional resources from agreed IMF gold sales for concessional finance for the poorest countries, constitute an additional $1.1 trillion programme of support to restore credit, growth and jobs in the world economy.Together with the measures we have each taken nationally, this constitutes a global plan for recovery on an unprecedented scale.Restoring growth and jobs
6.We are undertaking an unprecedented and concerted fiscal expansion, which will save or create millions of jobs which would otherwise have been destroyed, and that will, by the end of next year, amount to $5 trillion, raise output by 4 per cent, and accelerate the transition to a green economy.We are committed to deliver the scale of sustained fiscal effort necessary to restore growth.7.Our central banks have also taken exceptional action.Interest rates have been cut aggressively in most countries, and our central banks have pledged to maintain expansionary policies for as long as needed and to use the full range of monetary policy instruments, including unconventional instruments, consistent with price stability.8.Our actions to restore growth cannot be effective until we restore domestic lending and international capital flows.We have provided significant and comprehensive support to our banking systems to provide liquidity, recapitalise financial institutions, and address decisively the problem of impaired assets.We are committed to take all necessary actions to restore the normal flow of credit through the financial system and ensure the soundness of systemically important institutions, implementing our policies in line with the agreed G20 framework for restoring lending and repairing the financial sector.9.Taken together, these actions will constitute the largest fiscal and monetary stimulus and the most comprehensive support programme for the financial sector in modern times.Acting together strengthens the impact and the exceptional policy actions announced so far must be implemented without delay.Today, we have further agreed over $1 trillion of additional resources for the world economy through our international financial institutions and trade finance.10.Last month the IMF estimated that world growth in real terms would resume and rise to over 2 percent by the end of 2010.We are confident that the actions we have agreed today, and our unshakeable commitment to work together to restore growth and jobs, while preserving long-term fiscal sustainability, will accelerate the return to trend growth.We commit today to taking whatever action is necessary to secure that outcome, and we call on the IMF to assess regularly the actions taken and the global actions required.11.We are resolved to ensure long-term fiscal sustainability and price stability and will put in place credible exit strategies from the measures that need to be taken now to support the financial sector and restore global demand.We are convinced that by implementing our agreed policies we will limit the longer-term costs to our economies, thereby reducing the scale of the fiscal consolidation necessary over the longer term.12.We will conduct all our economic policies cooperatively and responsibly with regard to the impact on other countries and will refrain from competitive devaluation of our currencies and promote a stable and well-functioning international monetary system.We will support, now and in the future, to candid, even-handed, and independent IMF surveillance of our economies and financial sectors, of the impact of our policies on others, and of risks facing the global economy.Strengthening financial supervision and regulation
13.Major failures in the financial sector and in financial regulation and supervision were fundamental causes of the crisis.Confidence will not be restored until we rebuild trust in our financial system.We will take action to build a stronger, more globally consistent, supervisory and regulatory framework for the future financial sector, which will support sustainable global growth and serve the needs of business and citizens.14.We each agree to ensure our domestic regulatory systems are strong.But we also agree to establish the much greater consistency and systematic cooperation between countries, and the framework of internationally agreed high standards, that a global financial system requires.Strengthened regulation and supervision must promote propriety, integrity and transparency;guard against risk across the financial system;dampen rather than amplify the financial and economic cycle;reduce reliance on inappropriately risky sources of financing;and discourage excessive risk-taking.Regulators and supervisors must protect consumers and investors, support market discipline, avoid adverse impacts on other countries, reduce the scope for regulatory arbitrage, support competition and dynamism, and keep pace with innovation in the marketplace.15.To this end we are implementing the Action Plan agreed at our last meeting, as set out in the attached progress report.We have today also issued a Declaration, Strengthening the Financial System.In particular we agree: to establish a new Financial Stability Board(FSB) with a strengthened mandate, as a successor to the Financial Stability Forum(FSF), including all G20 countries, FSF members, Spain, and the European Commission;that the FSB should collaborate with the IMF to provide early warning of macroeconomic and financial risks and the actions needed to address them;to reshape our regulatory systems so that our authorities are able to identify and take account of macro-prudential risks;to extend regulation and oversight to all systemically important financial institutions, instruments and markets.This will include, for the first time, systemically important hedge funds;to endorse and implement the FSF’s tough new principles on pay and compensation and to support sustainable compensation schemes and the corporate social responsibility of all firms;to take action, once recovery is assured, to improve the quality, quantity, and international consistency of capital in the banking system.In future, regulation must prevent excessive leverage and require buffers of resources to be built up in good times;to take action against non-cooperative jurisdictions, including tax havens.We stand ready to deploy sanctions to protect our public finances and financial systems.The era of banking secrecy is over.We note that the OECD has today published a list of countries assessed by the Global Forum against the international standard for exchange of tax information;to call on the accounting standard setters to work urgently with supervisors and regulators to improve standards on valuation and provisioning and achieve a single set of high-quality global accounting standards;and to extend regulatory oversight and registration to Credit Rating Agencies to ensure they meet the international code of good practice, particularly to prevent unacceptable conflicts of interest.16.We instruct our Finance Ministers to complete the implementation of these decisions in line with the timetable set out in the Action Plan.We have asked the FSB and the IMF to monitor progress, working with the Financial Action Taskforce and other relevant bodies, and to provide a report to the next meeting of our Finance Ministers in Scotland in November.Strengthening our global financial institutions
17.Emerging markets and developing countries, which have been the engine of recent world growth, are also now facing challenges which are adding to the current downturn in the global economy.It is imperative for global confidence and economic recovery that capital continues to flow to them.This will require a substantial strengthening of the international financial institutions, particularly the IMF.We have therefore agreed today to make available an additional $850 billion of resources through the global financial institutions to support growth in emerging market and developing countries by helping to finance counter-cyclical spending, bank recapitalisation, infrastructure, trade finance, balance of payments support, debt rollover, and social support.To this end: we have agreed to increase the resources available to the IMF through immediate financing from members of $250 billion, subsequently incorporated into an expanded and more flexible New Arrangements to Borrow, increased by up to $500 billion, and to consider market borrowing if necessary;and we support a substantial increase in lending of at least $100 billion by the Multilateral Development Banks(MDBs), including to low income countries, and ensure that all MDBs, including have the appropriate capital.18.It is essential that these resources can be used effectively and flexibly to support growth.We welcome in this respect the progress made by the IMF with its new Flexible Credit Line(FCL)and its reformed lending and conditionality framework which will enable the IMF to ensure that its facilities address effectively the underlying causes of countries’ balance of payments financing needs, particularly the withdrawal of external capital flows to the banking and corporate sectors.We support Mexico’s decision to seek an FCL arrangement.19.We have agreed to support a general SDR allocation which will inject $250 billion into the world economy and increase global liquidity, and urgent ratification of the Fourth Amendment.20.In order for our financial institutions to help manage the crisis and prevent future crises we must strengthen their longer term relevance, effectiveness and legitimacy.So alongside the significant increase in resources agreed today we are determined to reform and modernise the international financial institutions to ensure they can assist members and shareholders effectively in the new challenges they face.We will reform their mandates, scope and governance to reflect changes in the world economy and the new challenges of globalisation, and that emerging and developing economies, including the poorest, must have greater voice and representation.This must be accompanied by action to increase the credibility and accountability of the institutions through better strategic oversight and decision making.To this end: we commit to implementing the package of IMF quota and voice reforms agreed in April 2008 and call on the IMF to complete the next review of quotas by January 2011;we agree that, alongside this, consideration should be given to greater involvement of the Fund’s Governors in providing strategic direction to the IMF and increasing its accountability;we commit to implementing the World Bank reforms agreed in October 2008.We look forward to further recommendations, at the next meetings, on voice and representation reforms on an accelerated timescale, to be agreed by the 2010 Spring Meetings;we agree that the heads and senior leadership of the international financial institutions should be appointed through an open, transparent, and merit-based selection process;and building on the current reviews of the IMF and World Bank we asked the Chairman, working with the G20 Finance Ministers, to consult widely in an inclusive process and report back to the next meeting with proposals for further reforms to improve the responsiveness and adaptability of the IFIs.21.In addition to reforming our international financial institutions for the new challenges of globalisation we agreed on the desirability of a new global consensus on the key values and principles that will promote sustainable economic activity.We support discussion on such a charter for sustainable economic activity with a view to further discussion at our next meeting.We take note of the work started in other fora in this regard and look forward to further discussion of this charter for sustainable economic activity.Resisting protectionism and promoting global trade and investment
22.World trade growth has underpinned rising prosperity for half a century.But it is now falling for the first time in 25 years.Falling demand is exacerbated by growing protectionist pressures and a withdrawal of trade credit.Reinvigorating world trade and investment is essential for restoring global growth.We will not repeat the historic mistakes of protectionism of previous eras.To this end: we reaffirm the commitment made in Washington: to refrain from raising new barriers to investment or to trade in goods and services, imposing new export restrictions, or implementing World Trade Organisation(WTO)inconsistent measures to stimulate exports.In addition we will rectify promptly any such measures.We extend this pledge to the end of 2010;we will minimise any negative impact on trade and investment of our domestic policy actions including fiscal policy and action in support of the financial sector.We will not retreat into financial protectionism, particularly measures that constrain worldwide capital flows, especially to developing countries;we will notify promptly the WTO of any such measures and we call on the WTO, together with other international bodies, within their respective mandates, to monitor and report publicly on our adherence to these undertakings on a quarterly basis;we will take, at the same time, whatever steps we can to promote and facilitate trade and investment;and we will ensure availability of at least $250 billion over the next two years to support trade finance through our export credit and investment agencies and through the MDBs.We also ask our regulators to make use of available flexibility in capital requirements for trade finance.23.We remain committed to reaching an ambitious and balanced conclusion to the Doha Development Round, which is urgently needed.This could boost the global economy by at least $150 billion per annum.To achieve this we are committed to building on the progress already made, including with regard to modalities.24.We will give renewed focus and political attention to this critical issue in the coming period and will use our continuing work and all international meetings that are relevant to drive progress.Ensuring a fair and sustainable recovery for all
25.We are determined not only to restore growth but to lay the foundation for a fair and sustainable world economy.We recognise that the current crisis has a disproportionate impact on the vulnerable in the poorest countries and recognise our collective responsibility to mitigate the social impact of the crisis to minimise long-lasting damage to global potential.To this end: we reaffirm our historic commitment to meeting the Millennium Development Goals and to achieving our respective ODA pledges, including commitments on Aid for Trade, debt relief, and the Gleneagles commitments, especially to sub-Saharan Africa;the actions and decisions we have taken today will provide $50 billion to support social protection, boost trade and safeguard development in low income countries, as part of the significant increase in crisis support for these and other developing countries and emerging markets;we are making available resources for social protection for the poorest countries, including through investing in long-term food security and through voluntary bilateral contributions to the World Bank’s Vulnerability Framework, including the Infrastructure Crisis Facility, and the Rapid Social Response Fund;we have committed, consistent with the new income model, that additional resources from agreed sales of IMF gold will be used, together with surplus income, to provide $6 billion additional concessional and flexible finance for the poorest countries over the next 2 to 3 years.We call on the IMF to come forward with concrete proposals at the Spring Meetings;we have agreed to review the flexibility of the Debt Sustainability Framework and call on the IMF and World Bank to report to the IMFC and Development Committee at the Annual Meetings;and we call on the UN, working with other global institutions, to establish an effective mechanism to monitor the impact of the crisis on the poorest and most vulnerable.26.We recognise the human dimension to the crisis.We commit to support those affected by the crisis by creating employment opportunities and through income support measures.We will build a fair and family-friendly labour market for both women and men.We therefore welcome the reports of the London Jobs Conference and the Rome Social Summit and the key principles they proposed.We will support employment by stimulating growth, investing in education and training, and through active labour market policies, focusing on the most vulnerable.We call upon the ILO, working with other relevant organisations, to assess the actions taken and those required for the future.27.We agreed to make the best possible use of investment funded by fiscal stimulus programmes towards the goal of building a resilient, sustainable, and green recovery.We will make the transition towards clean, innovative, resource efficient, low carbon technologies and infrastructure.We encourage the MDBs to contribute fully to the achievement of this objective.We will identify and work together on further measures to build sustainable economies.28.We reaffirm our commitment to address the threat of irreversible climate change, based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and to reach agreement at the UN Climate Change conference in Copenhagen in December 2009.Delivering our commitments
29.We have committed ourselves to work together with urgency and determination to translate these words into action.We agreed to meet again before the end of this year to review progress on our commitments.
第三篇:G20金融峰会
We endorse the 2015-16 G20 Anti-Corruption Action Plan that will support growth and resilience.Our actions are building cooperation and networks, including to enhance mutual legal assistance, recovery of the proceeds of coruption and denial of safe haven to corrupt officials.We commit to improve the transparency of the public and private sectors, and of beneficial ownership by implementing the G20 High-Level Principles on Beneficial Ownership Transparency.原译:我们认可并且支持增长和抗风险的《2015-16 G20 反腐败行动计划》。我们的活动是为了建设反腐败合作和网络,包括加强司法的互相援助,返还腐败资产,拒绝为腐败官员提供避难所。我们保证提高公共和私营部门的透明度,并且通过落实《G20受益人所有权透明度高级别原则》,提高受益人所有权的透明度。
改译:我们核准支持增长和抗风险的 《2015-2016年G20反腐败行动计划》。我们正采取行动建设反腐败合作网络,包括加强司法互助,返还腐败资产,拒绝为腐败官员提供避罪港。我们承诺提高公共和私营部门的所有权透明度,并通过落实《G20受益人所有权透明度高级别原则》,提高受益人所有权透明度。
分析:通过对比网上规范的译文,我发现了自己在翻译政论文中存在的几个问题“endorse”在这里翻译为“核准”比较恰当比较符合情景一点;“the 2015-16 G20 Anti-Corruption”这里的“2015-16”表示为“2015年至2016年”,在翻译时应该要注意,这是颁布的一个法令或者一个重要性的决定,一定不能有错;“safe haven”原意为“安全港”“避难所”“避风港”,本是一个褒义词,但结合文中情景,是不能对腐败官员加以包庇,所以此处译为“避罪港”这个贬义词比较贴切。“We commit to improve the transparency of the public and private sectors”此句不是提高公共和私营部门的透明度,而是提高这些部门所有权的透明度,为了不让人把主语弄错,此处应该增译一个“ownership”所有权,“我们承诺提高公共和私营部门的所有权的透明度”。20国集团峰会(G20)是一个国际经济合作论坛,该组织的宗旨是为推动已工业化的发达国家和新兴市场国家之间就实质性问题进行开放及有建设性的讨论和研究,以寻求合作并促进国际金融稳定和经济的持续增长。20国集团峰会中各国领导人说话内容必定是精彩绝伦妙语连珠的,当我们在翻译他们的讲话时必须保持一个严谨的态度,尊重说话领导人的原意,在选择辞藻时应该注意其准确性和精简性,做到精准有力,因为这甚至关系到整个国家的命脉,翻译时一定不能掉以轻心。
Strengthening global institutions The G20 must be at the forefront in helping to address key global economic challenges.Global economic institutions need to be effective and representative, and to reflect the changing world economy.We welcome the increased representation of emerging economies on the FSB and other actions to maintain its effectiveness.We are committed to maintaining a strong, quota-based and adequately resourced International Monetary Fund(IMF).We reaffirm our commitment in St Petersburg and in this light we are deeply disappointed with the continued delay in progressing the IMF quota and governance reforms agreed in 2010 and the 15th General Review of Quotas, including a new quota formula.The implementation of the 2010 reforms remains our highest priority for the IMF and we urge the United States to ratify them.If this does not happen by year-end, we ask the IMF to build on its existing work and stand ready with options for next steps.原译:巩固全球体制
20国峰会必须将解决关键的全球经济挑战作为首要解决问题。全球经济体制必须有效并具有代表性,以反应世界经济的变化。我们欢迎新兴的经济体在国安局以及其他措施上增加有效性来保持它自身的效率。我们努力保持一个强大的、基本限额的并且资源充足的国际货币基金组织。我们重申对于在圣彼得堡以及提高国际货币组织的份额和政府同意2010年改革和国家份额复习,包括份额比例。完善2010年改革是优化我们在国际货币基金组织的权利,并且敦促美国批准他们。如果没有发生在年末,我们将会要求国际货币基金组织建立现有的工作并做好选择的下一步准备。
改译:20国集团必须在帮助解决关键的全球经济挑战的最前沿。全球经济体制,需要有效的代表,以反映世界经济的变化。我们欢迎新兴经济体在国安局和其他行动表示增加以保持其有效性。我们致力于保持一个强大的,基于配额的,资源充足的国际货币基金组织(IMF)。我们重申在圣彼得堡和在这一点上我们是在进步的国际货币基金组织份额和治理改革,同意在2010和第十五的配额总复习续延迟非常失望,我们的承诺,包括一个新的配额公式。这2010个改革的实施仍然是我们的最高优先权的国际货币基金组织的,我们敦促美国批准他们。如果这不发生在年底前,我们要求国际货币基金组织建立在现有的工作和准备好下一步的选择。
分析:我的译文没有过多的修饰,缺少连贯性,词汇的翻译不是专业词汇;网上的译文专业性强,流畅连贯。例如:We are committed to maintaining a strong, quota-based and adequately resourced International Monetary Fund(IMF).我自己翻译的是:我们努力保持一个强大的、基本限额的并且资源充足的国际货币基金组织。而网上的译文是:我们致力于保持一个强大的,基于配额的,资源充足的国际货币基金组织(IMF)。差距显而易见,我在处理很多专业词汇的时候还不够成熟,把“努力”改成“致力于”,把“基于限额”改成“基于配额”,再备注上(IMF),明显专业很多。
We need a strong trading system in an open global economy to drive growth and generate jobs.To help business make best use of trade agreements, we will work to ensure our bilateral, regional and plurilateral agreements complement one another, are transparent and contribute to a stronger multilateral trading system under World Trade Organization(WTO)rules.These rules remain the backbone of the global trading system that has delivered economic prosperity.A robust and effective WTO that responds to current and future challenges is essential.We welcome the breakthrough between the United States and India that will help the full and prompt implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement and includes provisions on food security.We commit to implement all elements of the Bali package and to swiftly define a WTO work programme on the remaining issues of the Doha Development Agenda to get negotiations back on track.This will be important to restore trust and confidence in the multilateral trading system.We agreed to discuss ways to make the system work better when we meet next year.We will continue to provide aid-for-trade to developing countries in need of assistance.原译:我们需要一个在开放性全球经济中的强有力的贸易体系来促进经济的增长和就业的形成。为了帮助商业界很好的利用贸易协议,我们将确保双边、地区和诸边贸易协议相互补充和对双方都透明,并在世界贸易组织下为更强有力的多边贸易体系贡献力量。这些规则是保持经济繁荣的全球贸易体制的支柱。一个能够对当前和未来的挑战承担责任的强有力的和高效的世界贸易组织是非常重要的。我们欢迎美国和印度协商取得突破性进展,这有助于全面的,迅速的落实贸易便利化协议。其中这一进展中也包括了粮食安全条款。我们承诺落实巴厘岛一揽子协议的所有内容,并尽快明确世界贸易组织解决“多哈发展议程”谈判的遗留问题,使谈判能够尽快回到正轨。恢复信任与自信在多边贸易体制中是非常重要的。在明年,我们同意就此问题展开讨论使明年的工作更好。我们将想需要援助的发展中国提供贸易援助。
改译:我们需要一个在开放型世界经济中的强大贸易体制,以促进经济增长、创造就业。为帮助工商界更好地利用贸易协定,我们将努力保证双边、区域和诸边贸易协定互为补充、透明,并为在世界贸易组织规则内建设更强大的多边贸易体制作出贡献。这些规则依然是带来经济繁荣的全球贸易体制的基石。一个能够应对当前和未来挑战的、充满活力、有效的世界贸易组织十分必要。我们欢迎美国和印度协商取得的突破,这有助于全面、迅速落实贸易便利化协定。这一突破也包括了粮食安全条款。我们承诺落实巴厘一揽子协定所有内容,尽快确定世贸组织解决多哈回合谈判遗留问题的工作计划,以推动谈判重返轨道。这对恢复各方对多边贸易体制的信任和信心十分重要。我们将继续向需要帮助的发展中国家提供促贸援助。
分析:通过对比网上规范的译文,我发现了自己在翻译政论文中存在的几个问题,主要有:
1、拆句法的运用。例如,第一句We need a strong trading system in an open global economy to drive growth and jobs.正确的译法是将其分成两句话,用逗号隔开,使文章读起来清晰、明了,而我自己的翻译却很繁琐,是文章读起来绕口。
2、反义法的运用。在各种翻译文本中,我们都会运用到反义法,如,在本篇文章中,A robust and effective WTO that responds to current and future challenges is essential.这句话就运用反义法来翻译的,先将本句中后一部分responds to current and future challenges翻译出来,在结合整句话翻译。
3、增译法的运用。增译法就是使句中缺少的成分在翻译时补充完整,如在这句话中This will be important to restore trust and confidence in the multilateral trading system.我是这样翻译的:恢复信任与自信在多边贸易体制中是非常重要的。这句话是读者读起来可能觉着缺少什么东西,或者感觉有点怪。其实这就是我没有吧缺少的句中成分补充完整的原因。原文是这样翻译的:这对恢复各方对多边贸易体制的信任和信心十分重要。这样读起来就通顺多了。
4、句中省略的主语通常不知道是哪一个。这一点问题一直是我难以攻克的,很难在句中正确的添加所缺少的主语。如,includes provisions on food security.原文是这样翻译的:这一突破也包括了粮食安全条款。而我自己的翻译则是将“突破”翻译成“进展”,这在原文理解上可能存在一定的问题。今后会好好改正。
5、一些关键词的翻译不到位。在本篇文章中,agreements我一直翻译成“协议”,而原文则翻译成“协定”,就我自己而言,协定似乎比协议更庄重一点。而在Doha Development Agenda这句话中,我将它翻译成“多哈发展议程”,翻译完后我自己都不能理解这到底是一个什么样的东西,而原文将其翻译成“多哈回合谈判”,这就是这句话很明了,也就理解了这是一个二次谈判。
6、前后句衔接不通顺。在翻译中,大家往往是一句一句的翻译,所以是整段话看起来并不衔接,读起来也不通顺。就此,在翻译此篇文章时我也注意到了这个问题。所以,在翻译时,我尽量使前后句衔接在一起,但是仍然存在一些问题。今后,为了避免这些问题,我会在翻译前好好的理解一下文章。
第四篇:2011金融峰会调查表
2011金融投资及民营企业资本运作策略峰会
「问卷调查」
为令我们更了解投资者的需要及提供更好的服务。希望阁下填妥以下问卷,谢谢!
1.您对此次峰会整体安排有何感想/意见?
□非常满意 □满意 □普通 □未如理想 □其它意见:_______________________
2.吸引您出席此次讲座原因?(最多可选择3项)
□讲座内容□主讲嘉宾□主办单位□举办地点□其它:_____________
3.您初次投资股票市场的时间?
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□A股□港股□黄金外汇□房地产□股权投资□其它
8.您的最高学历是?
9.您所在企业的年产值是?
□100万以下□100万~500万□500万~1000万□1000万~3000万□3000万以上
10.您在企业的职位是?
□董事长□总经理□总监□经理□涉及财务相关工作请复选此项
11.您的工作年限是?
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12.您未来的职业发展方向是?
□实体企业职业经理人 □金融行业□实体企业自主创业□合伙制企业(会计师、律师事务所)
13.您或者您所在的企业在资本运作方面的需求?
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14.您对国际化(金融、财务)理念的认同度?
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15.您对以下哪些知识(内容)感兴趣?(可选择多项)
□个人理财规划□企业资本运作□与大师分享交流□投资者经验分享□其它
16.您或者您所在的企业有哪些培训需求?(可选择多项)
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个人资料(作领取纪念奖品用)
姓名:_________________________
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第五篇:金融峰会物料清单
资本在线第二届金融峰会
贯切落实十八届五中全会提出的五大发展理念:创新 协调 绿色 开放 共享
标题:筑梦。笃行
副标题:资本创新之路之二暨搭建互助金融生态体系 主题:创新、互助、共享 主题分享:我有一个梦
议程: 1.宣传片播放 2.主持人上场 3.国家领导致词
4.资本在线北京公司揭牌仪式 5.公司领导致谢 6.“沙画”表演 7.书法表演
8.主题分享“我有一个梦” 9.二胡演凑《万马奔腾》 10.诗歌朗诵《追梦》
11.心灵呼唤《我的未来不是梦》 12.全国工商联签约 13.工商联领导致词 14.女企业家商会签约 15.会长致词
16.文化产业商会签约 17.会长致词
18.合作机构代表签约 19.合作机构代表《合作分享》 20.歌唱表演
21.心灵呼唤《千手观音》 22.集体合唱 23.结束