初一英语语法总结及测试含答案

第一篇：初一英语语法总结及测试含答案

初一英语语法总结及测试

初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小，容易被忽视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，参考如下：

一、初一英语语法——词法

1、名词 A）、名词的数

我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：

一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员

九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二）特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B）名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下： 一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’;Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节

三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms2

迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）

2、代词

项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词 人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 反身代词 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves

3、动词

A）第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下： 一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has B）现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：

一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：

一）一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三）以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)

good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、初一英语语法——句式 1.陈述句

肯定陈述句 a)This is a book.(be动词)b)He looks very young.(连系动词)c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)否定陈述句 a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)

2.祈使句

肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句

1)一般疑问句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.2 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.3问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.4问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.5问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 6 问时间 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.7问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.8 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.4

What’s your favourite color? It’s black.9 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 10 问东西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 问职业(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、初一英语语法——时态

1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有： Be 动词：She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情态动词：I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.初一英语测试卷

卷Ⅱ 笔试部分（80分）

Ⅰ.词语运用。（共5小题，每小题1分，计5分）

根据下列句子的意思及所给的汉语提示，写出空缺处单词，固定短语或固定搭配的正确形式。1.There are lots of(叶子)near the lake.2.Penguins need a new(游泳)pool.3.She is(感兴趣)in Beijing Opera.4.My pen pal(居住在)Australia.5.I(去睡觉)at eleven last night.Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空。（共5小题，每小题1分，计5分）6.He put down his book and(see)the boy.7.Do you enjoy(work)in the city? 8.Helping others can make us(feel)very happy.9.Don’t talk, the baby(sleep)now.10.Let’s(help)the girl with her lessons.Ⅲ.单项选择。（共20小题，每小题1分，计20分）11.Who’s the young woman the sunglasses? A.in A.sing B.has C.wear D.with B.sings C.singing D.is singing 12.Listen!Can you hear her in her room? 13.— does your uncle do? —A reporter.A.Why B.What C.Where D.How 14.We want the pandas first.A.see B.sees

C.to see

D.seeing 15.Mall is a good place things.A.buy B.to buy A.many too A.plays

C.buys

D.bought

D.too much 16.The children have homework to do every day.B.too many B.played

C.much too 17.—What did you do yesterday? —We had great fun in the park.C.playing D.to play 18.He any classes last week.A.doesn’t have B.didn’t have C.isn’t have D.wasn’t have 19.I’d like to go shopping with you, I’m too busy today.A.but A.talk B.and

C.so

D.or 20.Ann asked us to stop and listen to her.B.talks C.to talk D.talking

C.to play D.to play with 21.The teachers often tell their students their pen in class.A.not to play B.not to play with 22.We have for you as a reporter.A.a work B.works C.jobs D.a job 23.the windows before you leave the classroom.A.To close A.from;to A.tomatoes B.Closing B.between;and B.noodles

C.Closed C.in;and

D.Close D.next;to 24.I sit Maria Jim.25.My mother had a little this morning.C.rice D.potato 26.—What does your maths teacher ? —He is of medium build.A.look for A.went to B.look after C.look at D.look like B.to go to C.to go

D.go to 27.The Smiths decided Paris on vacation.28.He plays basketball every day.And now he is playing piano at home.6

A.the;the B./;/ C.the;/ D./;the 29.How much did you spend this new book? A.on B.in A.but B.with

C.at

D.of 30.Old Henry doesn’t have a son a daughter.C.and D.or Ⅳ.句型转换（共5小题，每小题1分，计5分）

31.Tom, sit on the chair, please.(用现在进行时态改写句子)Tom on the chair.32.Does the boy come from England?(写出同义词)the boy England? 33.We would like tomato and egg noodles.(就画线部分提问)noodles you like? 34.I did some reading last weekend.(改为一般疑问句)you some reading last weekend? 35.I was late for school yesterday.(写出同义句)I for school yesterday.Ⅴ.完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）

Are you good at English? Would you 36 to do well in English? Well, let me 37 you a way to learn English 38 by writing diaries(日记)in English.When I 39 in Grade One, my English was not very good.My English teacher Mr Xu asked me to write diaries in English.At first, it was 40 difficult for me, but now I think it is very 41.I like reading, listening and speaking.42 I often go to the Xinhua Book Store to 43 English stories for about three hours.I 44 watch TV often.Now I’m very good at English.I think 45 diaries is one of the best ways to help with your English study.36.A.like B.want 37.A.talk B.tell

C.to like

D.to want

C.to talk D.to tell 38.A.nice B.fine C well D.good 39.A.was B.am C.are D.were 40.A.a few B.a little

C.few D.little 41.A.difficult B.interesting C.easy D.boring 42.A.Always B.After school C.Sometimes D.Usually 43.A.say B.speak

C.talk D.read C.didn’t

D.wasn’t 44.A.don’t B.am not

Ⅵ.阅读理解（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）A Dessert house We have three kinds of desserts: small, medium and large.A small dessert with strawberries, 45.A.saying B.writing C.listening D.talking

A large dessert with pears, potatoes and ice cream is 15 RMB.Welcome to our house.Noodle House bananas and ice cream is 10 RMB.A medium dessert with apples, tomatoes and cheese is 12 RMB.We have some great specials.Special 1 is chicken and cabbage noodles, and the large bowl is just 4 RMB and the small 2 RMB.Special 2 is mutton and carrot noodles, and the large bowl is only 5 RMB and the small 2.5 RMB.Special 3 is beef and potato noodles.The large bowl is 4 RMB and the small 2 RMB.Special 4 is tomato and egg noodles.The large bowl is only 3 RMB and the small 1.5 RMB.Large drink is only 5 RMB.And all the fruits are free.Come and get your noodles today!46.How many kinds of desserts does Dessert House have? A.three B.two C.one D.four 47.If you have 30 RMB and you can buy kind(s)of desserts.A.three B.two C.one D.four 48.Today we order a large dessert, two small bowls of mutton and carrot noodles and a large bowl of tomato and egg noodles.We need to pay RMB.A.26 B.20 C.23 D.24 49.Nancy likes dessert very much but she doesn’t eat tomatoes or potatoes.She can eat.A.a large dessert

B.a medium dessert C.a small dessert D.both A and C 50.Mary wants large bowl and Emma wants a small bowl.They only have 6 RMB and Emma doesn’t eat eggs or beef.They can eat a large bowl of noodles and a small bowl of noodles.A.mutton and carrot, tomato and egg B.chicken and cabbage, mutton and carrot C.tomato and egg, beef and potato B American schools begin in September after a long summer holiday.There are two terms in a school year;the first term is from September to January, and the second is from February to June.Most American children begin to go to school when they are five years old.Most children are seventeen or eighteen years old when they finish high school.High school students take only five or six subjects each term.They usually go to the same class every day, and they have homework for every class.After class, they do a lot of interesting things.After high school, many students go to colleges.They usually have to pay a lot of money.So many college students work after class to get money for their studies.51.In America, summer holidays begin in.A.September

B.July

C.May D.February 52.When a boy is six years old, he.A.has to stay at home B.can go to high school C.is old enough to go to school D.always plays at home

D.beef and potato, chicken and cabbage 8

53.In American high school students after class.A.do the homework B.go to work C.play basketball D.do many interesting things 54.In order to(为了), many American college students work after class.A.help their parents B.get money for their studies C.help others 55.Which is right?.A.American students usually have a two-month holiday.B.American students have three terms in a year.C.A ten-year-old child usually has six subjects at school.D.American students don’t like to go to school.D.learn some useful things Ⅶ.基础写作。（包括A、B两部分，A部分5分，B部分10分）

A.连词成句（共5小题，每小题1分，计5分）56.his, looking, dinner, is, he, for(.)

57.last, do, her, she, didn’t, homework, night(.)

58.new, learn, Sam, of, has, a, things, to, lot()

59.you, the, me, can, way, show(?)

60.an, this, story, interesting, is(.)

B.书面表达。（10分）

父母对你管教的严吗？在家里，他们是否给你定了许多规矩，请用60词左右的短文来描述你家里的规定，以及你的想法，文中不得出现真实的人名。

提示：1.Do you have any rules in your home? 2.What are they? 3.What do you think of them?

笔试部分

Ⅰ.1.leaves 2.swimming 3.interested 4.lives in

Ⅱ.6.saw

Ⅲ.11~15 DCBCB 16~20 DCBAD 21~25 BDDBC 26~30 DBDAD

Ⅳ.31.is sitting 32.Is, from 33.What kind of , would 34.Did, do 35.arrived late

Ⅴ.36~40 ABCAB 41~45 CBDAB 7.working

8.feel

9.is sleeping 10.help

5.went to bed

Ⅵ.46~50 ABCCD 51~55 BCDBA Ⅶ.A.56.He is looking for his dinner.night.58.Sam has a lot of new things to learn.60.This is an interesting story.B.59.Can you show me the way?

57.She didn’t do her homework last I have too many rules in my family.I can’t watch TV on school nights.After school, I can’t hang out with my friends and I must stay at home to do my homework.On weekends I have to clean my room and wash my clothes.I have to help my mother with housework.I never have any fun.I can’t stand them.I want to do things that I like.

第二篇：初一英语语法总结

初一英语语法总结

在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，如果要复习英语句法的同学，可以参考一下：

一、初一英语语法——词法

1、名词

A）、名词的数

我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：

一）在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas

二）x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes

三）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories

以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways

四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es：如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯

五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves

六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese 七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：

people,bpants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察,class班，同学,family家，家庭成员

九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文,work工作works作品，工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡

十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs 十二）特殊形式的有：

child-children, man-men , woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B）名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：

一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是之s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节,classmates’;Children’s Day六一节,Women’s Day三八节

三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）

2、代词

项目：人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词

人称主格宾格形容词名词性

第一人称

单数I、me、my、mine、myself

复数we、us、our、ours、ourselves

第二人称

单数you、you、your、yours、yourself

复数you、you、your、yours、yourselves

第三人称

单数she、her、her、hers、herself、he、him、his、his、himself、it、、it、its、this、that、itself

复数they、them、their、theirs、these、those、themselves

3、动词

A）第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：

一）一般在词后加s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains

二）在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes

三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries

2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys

四）以o结尾加es。如：does,goes

五）特殊的有：are-is,have-has

B）现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：

一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing

二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having

三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show–showing,draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning

四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于

初一英语语法总结--句式

1.陈述句

肯定陈述句

a)This is a book.(be动词)

b)He looks very young.(连系动词)

c)Iwant a sweater like this.(实义动词)

d)I can bring somethings to school.(情态动词)

e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)

否定陈述句

a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)

2.祈使句

肯定祈使句

a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!

c)Come in , please.否定祈使句

a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句

1)一般疑问句

a)Is Jim a student?

b)Can I help you?

c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?

肯定回答:

a)Yes,he is.b)Yes,you can.c)Yes,she does.d)Yes,they do.e)Yes,she is.否定回答:

a)No,he isn’t.b)No,you can’t.c)No,she doesn’t.d)No,they don’t.e)No,she isn’t.2)选择疑问句

Is the table big or small?

回答It’s big./It’s small.3)特殊疑问句

①问年龄How old is Lucy?She is twelve.②问种类What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③问身体状况How is your uncle? He is well / fine.④问方式How do / can you spell it? L – double O-K.How do we contact you ? Mye-mail address is president@xueersi.com.⑤问原因Why do you want to join the club? ⑥问时间What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up ,Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go ? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦问地方Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧问颜色What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨问人物Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto? ⑩问东西What’s this / that(in English)? It’s a pencilcase.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli,strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your firs tname? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? Myfamily name’s Smith.12问哪一个Which do you like? I like one in the box.13问字母What letter is it ?It’s big D / small f.14问价格How much are these pants ?They’re 15 dollars.15问电话号码What’s your phone number ? It’s 576-8349.16问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17问职业(身份)What do you do?I’m a teacher.What’s your father?He’s a doctor.

第三篇：初一英语语法总结

初一英语语法总结

名词

A）、名词的数

我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：

一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 1）baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, 三）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2）day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员

action movie-action movies, pen 九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡

十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二）特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B）名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下： 一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’;Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节

三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥

Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间Mike’s 有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：（共住一间），and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）

代词

项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词

人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself

it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs

these those themselves

动词

A）第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下： 一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has

B）现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：

spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, 一）一般在后加ing。如：

hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：

一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。greater-greatest, shorter 一）如：–shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三）以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、句式

1.陈述句

肯定陈述句 a)This is a book.(be动词)b)He looks very young.(连系动词)c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)3

e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)否定陈述句

a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句

肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!

c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句

1)一般疑问句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑问句

① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 问时间 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 问职业(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、时态

1.一般现在时

定义：表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。构成：肯定形式：主语+be动词（am/is/are）+其他

否定形式：主语+be动词（am/is/are）+not+其他

一般疑问句：把be动词置于句首

2.一般过去时

定义：过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去。

构成：肯定形式：主语+be动词（was/were）+其他

否定形式：主语+be动词（was/were）+not+其他

一般疑问句：把be动词置于句首，并还原行为动词

3.一般将来时

定义：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。

构成：肯定形式：主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他

否定形式：主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他

一般疑问句：把助动词shall/will放在句首

4.现在进行时

定义：表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作。可以表示有计划的未来。构成：肯定形式：主语+be动词（am/is/are）+动词的-ing形式+其他

否定形式：主语+be动词（am/is/are）+not+动词的-ing形式+其他

一般疑问句：把be动词置于句首

5.过去进行时

定义：示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。

构成：肯定形式：主语+be动词（was/were）+动词的-ing形式+其他

否定形式：主语+be动词（was/were）+not+动词的-ing形式+其他

一般疑问句：把was/were置于句首

6.现在完成时

定义：表示现在已经完成的动作或存在的状态，并对现在造成一定的影响和后果；另外，还表示从过去一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去。构成：肯定形式：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他

否定形式：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他

一般疑问句：把have/has置于句首

7.过去完成时

定义：表示到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或存在的状态，概括地说是表示“过去的过去”。

构成：肯定形式：主语+had+动词的过去分词+其他

否定形式：主语+had+not+动词的过去分词+其他

一般疑问句：把had置于句

The pretty girl sings songs on the stage every Sunday.（）(5)English drives me mad.6

1主语就是发起动作的人或物,由名词，名词性短语或代词构成 2谓语就是动作，动词或动词短语

3宾语就是承受动作的人或物，由名词，名词性短语或代词构成 4定语就是修饰句中名词的成分，可以是形容词做定语，也可以是定语从句 5状语就是修饰谓语动词的，例如说明动作是说明时候发生的，就是时间状语；动作是怎样发生的就是方式状语，还有地点状语等，由副词构成，以及9种状语从句 6补语就是做补充说明成分的，补充说明主语的是主语补语，补充说明宾语的是宾语补语

介词

表方位的有：at ,in, on, to（大多数情况是做不定式后街动词原形，作介词时，意思是到……地方去），for，above, over, on，below, under，in front of, in the front of，beside，behind 表示时间的有：in , on，at，in, after，from, since，after, behind 表示运动方向的across, through

表示“在……之间”的between两者, among三者或三者以上 表示其他意义的on ,about 关于 by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 except不包括, besides（包括）除了

介词后面跟动词时一定跟ing形式，介词后面也可以加名词或从句

第四篇：初一英语语法总结

初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小，容易被忽视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，如果要复习英语句法的同学，可以参考一下，一、初一英语语法——词法

1、名词

A）、名词的数（   ）

                                           



一）直接接s 如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, 后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies，documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员

九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡

十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s)，Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二）特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B）名词的格（      

）

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成              如下：

一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’;Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day妇女节

由and连接两个词，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）

2、代词（  ）

人称代词      物主代词       指示代词



    反身代词

第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves

3、动词（ ）A）第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys B）现在分词      

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，                  ing 构成如下：

一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

二、初一英语语法——句式

1.陈述句( )肯定式（ ）

a)This is a book.(be动词)b)He looks very young.(连系动词)c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)否定式（ ）

b)a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句     肯定祈使句

a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句

1)一般疑问句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes，they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑问句

① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 问时间 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 问职业(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、初一英语语法——时态

1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：

Be 动词：She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情态动词：I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any

tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.4、形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：

一）一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三）以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier

friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

第五篇：初一英语语法及常考知识点总结

主要掌握几种时态 1，一般现在时 2，一般过去时 3，一般将来时 4，现在进行时 还有几种词 1，名词 2，代词 3，形容词 4，动词 5，冠词 初一英语语法

一、词法

1、名词 A)、名词的数 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下： 一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员

九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡

十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二)特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：

一)单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’;Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节

三)由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)

2、代词

项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词 人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my you mine myself

复数 we us our ours ourselves

第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself

复数 they them their theirs these those themselves

3、动词 A)第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：

一)一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四)以o结尾加es。如：does, goes 五)特殊的有：are-is, have-has B)现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：

一)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：

一)一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest

二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)

good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、数词(基变序，有规则;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。)first, se cond, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、句式 1.陈述句

肯定陈述句 a)This is a book.(be动词)b)He looks very young.(连系动词)c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)

d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)

否定陈述句 a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句

肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!

c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句

1)一般疑问句 a)Is Jim a student?

b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad?

d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?

肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)选择疑问句 Is the table big or small?

回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑问句

① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?

⑥ 问时间 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 问职业(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、时态

1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：

Be 动词：She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情态动词：I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、现在进行时

表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.