新编大学英语(浙大版)第一册第二单元课文翻译

第一篇：新编大学英语(浙大版)第一册第二单元课文翻译

BOOK I

Unit Two Psychology in Our Daily Life Teaching Aims: 教学目标:

In this unit students are required to : 1)get to know some useful information concerning the topic of the reading passages in this unit and to know more about English culture;了解有关本单元阅读内容的一些有用信息，了解更多关于英语文化的知识;

2)do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, etc.to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills;做一些准备活动，如讨论、小组工作等，练习他们的口语技巧和交流技巧

3)grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their vocabulary;掌握一些新单词，试着用这些单词来丰富他们的词汇;

4)read the in-class reading passage in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passage to improve their reading comprehension;在有限的时间内阅读课堂上的阅读文章，掌握课堂阅读中的一些表达和语法点，提高阅读理解能力;

5)do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.;做一些课后阅读练习和课后阅读练习，以提高他们在课堂上的知识，提高他们的英语综合技能。

6)translate some typical sentences into Chinese or English by using some expressions learned in the reading passages to acquire some translating skills and better their translating abilities.运用阅读中的一些句型，将一些典型的句子翻译成汉语或英语，以获得一些翻译技巧，提高翻译的能力。

I.Useful information 1.Psychology is a young and growing science that touches on a broad range of human activities.In general, however one can say that psychology tries to explain why people cat, think, and feel the way they do.心理学是一门新兴的科学，涉及广泛的人类活动。一般来说，人们会说心理学试图解释为什么人们会喜欢猫，思考和感觉自己的行为。

2.Psychologists are interested not only in how individual minds work but also in the various interactions of minds in society.It should be noted that psychology provides methods of analyzing and understanding human behavior and emotion that are not based on moral codes.心理学家不仅对个人思想的工作方式感兴趣，而且对社会中各种思想的相互作用也感兴趣。应该指出的是，心理学提供了分析和理解人类行为和情感的方法，而不是基于道德准则

3.The whole field of psychoanalysis originated with the research of the Austrian doctor, Sigmund Freud(1856-1939).According to his theories, people are driven by irrational(not being able to reason;illogical)forces or primitive instincts.Freud believed that the inner struggle between instincts and conscience often led to disaster which was manifested(show clearly)in the form of personal tragedies such as murder and suicide or collective tragedies such as war.He advocates(support)the use of psychoanalysis to help people control irrational forces.Much of Freud’s work was based on his interpretation of dreams and sexual instincts.整个精神分析领域源于奥地利医生西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的研究(1856-1939)。根据他的理论，人们是被非理性驱使的(无法推理;不合逻辑的)力量或原始本能。弗洛伊德认为，直觉和良知之间的内在斗争经常导致灾难，这种灾难以个人悲剧的形式表现出来，如谋杀、自杀或战争等集体悲剧。他提倡使用精神分析来帮助人们控制非理性的力量。弗洛伊德的大部分作品都是基于他对梦和性本能的诠释。

4.The whole field of psychology has evolved(develop)and expanded considerably since the early part of the twentieth century.There are now many branches of psychology and it is no longer limited to clinical(cold;without feelings)work and the analysis of dreams.从二十世纪早期开始，整个心理学领域都在发展和扩展。现在有许多心理学分支，它不再局限于临床(冷;没有感情的工作和对梦的分析。

5.Men and women with training in psychology now work in many different careers ranging from therapists to advertising agents.The findings of psychological research are used help the victims of family violence, to design aptitude tests（性向测验），to carry out efficiency studies in the workplace, to develop educational strategies, to conduct political campaigns, and to predict consumer spending.In fact, there id hardly any aspect of modern society that has not been influenced in some way by research in the field of psychology.有心理学训练的男男女女现在从事着许多不同的职业，从心理治疗师到广告代理。心理学研究的结果有助于使用家庭暴力的受害者,设计能力测试(性向测验),执行效率研究在工作场所,发展教育策略,进行政治活动,预测消费者支出。事实上，在现代社会中，几乎没有任何方面，在心理学领域的研究中并没有受到某些方面的影响。

II.Preparation 1．Describing the pictures on page 32.描述第32页的图片

Picture 1: The patient looks sad.He is coming out of the hospital, carrying a test report in his hand.Judging from the black cloud hanging over the hospital, the drooping flowers and trees, and the report with the word “Cancer” on it, we can assume that he has had a series of tests.图1:病人看起来很伤心。他从医院出来，手里拿着一份化验报告。从悬挂在医院上空的黑云，垂下的鲜花和树木，以及“癌症”一词的报告，我们可以推测他已经做了一系列的测试。

Picture 2: The man is lying in bed.The doctor has obviously prescribed all kinds of medicine because there bottles of pills on the table beside the bed.There is also a piece of paper with the word “will” written on it.The man is also depressed that he has written his will because he thinks he is going to die.图二:男人躺在床上。医生显然开了各种各样的药，因为在床边的桌子上放了几瓶药。还有一张纸条，上面写着“will”。这个人也很沮丧，因为他认为自己会死，所以写了遗嘱。

Picture3: The man appears extremely happy.The sun is shining over the hospital.The flowers and trees are upright.The doctor has told the man that he does not have cancer after all.(The report he is carrying has an “X” through the word “cancer”.)On seeing this result, he can’t believe his eyes.图片3:这个人看起来非常高兴。阳光普照医院。花和树都是直立的。医生告诉那个人他根本没有癌症。(他携带的报告有“X”字通过“癌症”一词。)看到这个结果，他简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。

Picture 4: The sun is shining, the trees are full of fruit and the hospital has disappeared.The man is happy.He appears to be singing or whistling.He takes a racket and heads off to play tennis.He is healthy and energetic again.图四:阳光灿烂，树上满是水果，医院也不见了。的人是幸福的。他似乎在唱歌或吹口哨。他拿起球拍，就去打网球。他又健康又精力充沛。

2.Getting to know your classmates 了解你的同学

Possible reasons for the beliefs and feelings  Those who love shopping may have a lot of money to spend and take delight in doing shopping.Sometimes they have a sense of accomplishment after shopping is done.In other cases, when people are in low spirits, they tend to do a lot of shopping.爱购物的人可能会有很多钱花,乐于做购物。有时他们在购物后会有成就感。在其他情况下，当人们情绪低落时，他们往往会去购物。

 Some people don’t eat beef because of their religion.For example, Hindus do not eat beef.Others do not eat beef because of their family habits.有些人不吃牛肉,因为他们的宗教。例如，印度教徒不吃牛肉。其他人不吃牛肉是因为他们的家庭习惯。 Bus service in some places is very poor.Buses are usually crowed and dirty.That is why people don’t like to ride on a bus and when they are on a bus, they will get sick.The result will probably be that they hate riding on a bus even more.巴士服务在一些地方非常贫穷。公共汽车通常拥挤不堪。这就是为什么人们不喜欢乘坐公共汽车，当他们乘公共汽车时，他们会生病。结果可能是他们更讨厌乘坐公共汽车。

 Those who love to talk to themselves are often timid and reserved(shy).They express their own feeling by doing so.Some people do so because they are not sure of themselves.They can practice talking to others in imagination, i.e.by imagining that they are facing other people and talking with them.喜欢跟自己的人往往是胆小,保留(害羞)。他们这样做表达了自己的感情。有些人这样做是因为他们不确定自己。他们可以在想象中练习与他人交谈，也就是说，想象他们面对着其他人，与他们交谈。

 Some people are terrified of snakes because some snakes are very poisonous.Other people hate them because they are ugly and disgusting.一些人害怕蛇,因为蛇毒性很大。其他人讨厌他们，因为他们丑陋又恶心。

 People sometimes associate violence and ghosts with darkness.In the darkness, people usually feel lonely and helpless.人们有时把暴力和鬼魂与黑暗。在黑暗中，人们通常感到孤独和无助。

 Some people think they are too fat when compared with those slim people around them.In most parts of the world, people are worried when they gain weight and try every means to keep thin.Everyone hopes to be good-looking or beautiful and follow the trend.有些人认为他们太胖相比,那些苗条的周围的人。在世界上的大部分地区，人们在增重的时候都很担心，并且想尽一切办法保持苗条。每个人都希望自己长得好看或漂亮，并追随潮流。

 Those who hold on to their money as long as possible are usually very thrifty.They are afraid that if they spend all their money, they will have nothing to rely on.With as much money as they can save, they can at least have a sense of security.那些坚持他们的钱尽可能长时间通常很节俭。他们害怕如果他们把钱花光了，就没有什么可依靠的了。只要他们能省钱，他们至少可以有安全感。

 People who hate queuing are impatient.They think it is a waste of time to spend their precious time queuing.讨厌排队的人不耐烦。他们认为花宝贵的时间排队是浪费时间。

 People believe in ghosts if they have heard many ghost stories.Some people who have dreamed of ghosts may believe in them.人相信鬼魂如果他们听过很多鬼故事。有些梦见鬼魂的人可能相信他们。

 These people believe that everyone has a certain fate.It is fate that determine everything in their life.They are anxious to find out what their future will be like.So they go to a fortune teller in order to know their future in advance.这些人相信每个人都有一个特定的命运。命运决定了他们生活中的一切。他们急于想知道他们的未来会是什么样子。所以他们去找算命师来提前了解他们的未来。

III.Pre-Reading Activities 课前阅读活动

Directions: Discuss the following questions in pairs If you have any health problems , do you always go to the doctor? If so, what do you expect from the doctor? 两组讨论下列问题

如果你有任何健康问题，你总是去看医生吗?如果是这样的话，你对医生的期望是什么?

Possible answer: If I have health problems, I will go to the doctor.I want the doctor to examine me, to diagnose the problem, to write a prescription or to tell me if there is anything I should do or avoid.If it is necessary, the doctor will give me some tests.Above all, I always expect that the doctor will tell me that I will get better quickly.如果我有健康问题，我会去看医生。我希望医生检查我，诊断问题，开处方，或者告诉我是否有什么我应该做或避免的。如果有必要，医生会给我做一些检查。最重要的是，我总是希望医生能告诉我，我很快就会好起来的。

IV.In-Class Reading Activities

1.The students are supposed to finish the in-class reading passage within 14 minutes.2.Language points

1)to come away with sth: to leave a place with sth e.g.We came away with an uneasy feeling that all was not well with marriage.To come away from sth: to become detached from sth（脱落）The light switch came away from the wall.2）…all a sick person needs is some…

all that(that is omitted): what(the verb must be single)e.g.All I can say is that we are extremely sorry.(subject)All that he lacked was training.(subject)He thought over all that his parents had said(object)Do not all you can;spend not all you have;believe not all you hear;and tell not all you know.(obj.)Is that all you want to say?(predictive)That’s all there is to be said.(predictive)3)…some assurance that…(appositive clause)

(fact, opinion, notion, suggestion, proposal, thought, news, truth, report, idea, rumor, hope, belief, doubt, proof…)e.g.I have no idea that you were here.They marveled at the fact that China did it all on its own.There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job.4)even though/if: in spite of the fact that;no matter whether e.g.Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there.They’ll stand by(support)you even if you don’t succeed.5)to open up: to begin to develop开采，开发，开垦

e.g.They have already made plans to open up the mine/land.6)More wasted land will be opened up in a planned way. to open up: open打开，开放

e.g.After we had opened up the package, we found that it had nothing in it of important.They opened the country up to trade. to open up: to make sth available开拓（新领域）展示，揭示 e.g.His stories opened up new worlds of the imagination.Einstein’s theories opened up a whole new area for study. to open up开刀，切开

e.g.They opened up his stomach to get at the source of the trouble.他们给他的胃开了刀，找出了病根

7)to fool sb into doing sth: trick/deceive sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事  to fool sb into sth e.g.He has fooled a lot of people into believing he is a rich man.He fooled himself into believing that he was contributing to the motherland. to make a fool of oneself使自己出丑，出洋相

e.g.The boy made a fool of himself. to make a fool of sb欺骗，愚弄，捉弄

e.g.She is always trying to make a fool of her husband in public.类似结构的短语: to persuade sb into doing sth to cheat sb into doing sth to deceive sb into doing sth to frighten sb into doing sth to force sb into doing sth to trap sb into doing sth使…陷入圈套 to lure sb into doing sth诱惑…做…

e.g.He persuaded her into buying the house.Think carefully before you answer his questions.You may be trapped into giving away vital information.The young man frightened the old man into signing the paper/ the will.8)It seems that似乎看来，仿佛感到（觉得）

e.g.It seems that nobody knew what had happened.It seems that sth is wrong.It seems to me that someone is calling.It seemed to him that he had never worked so hard in his life.9)to rest with  to rest with: to lie with由…决定，得靠 e.g.It rests with to make the decision.The final decision rests with the headmaster.The success of our plan lies with you. to rest with: to be the responsibility of是…的责任；在…的手中

e.g.The fate of these prisoners rests with the judge.The trouble rests with you. to rest on/upon: to depend on依靠 寄托在

e.g.His fame rests on his plays more than on his novels.Our hopes rest on you.The charge rests on the evidence of one witness.10)to have/put/place trust in: to trust in;to have faith in信赖，相信，信任

e.g.I have absolute trust in the doctor.我绝对相信医生。I put trust in you.I don’t place any trust in his promises.11)in a way;in one way ,in some ways: to a certain degree在某种程度上，就某个意义来说

e.g.The changes are an improvement in one way.In a way, her health is much improved, but she is still not really well.In a way you are right.12）“role” is often used in this phrase “to play a role/part in”

e.g.Especially in Brazil, the Negroes have played a most important role in the development of the nation.He had played a major role in the foundation of the United Nations.13)as a result结果（状语）

e.g.As a result he had been given an excellent job.as a result of由于…的结果（状语）

e.g.Meanwhile other events had occurred as a result of this war.14)the same…as和…一样（同样）e.g.My stand on this just the same as before.Meet me at the same place as you did yesterday.15)to have an effect on e.g.It had an almost immediate effect on his thinking.This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.The acid had no effect on the metal.16)reaction on  to react on: respond to对…作出反应，对某人有疗效

e.g.How did he react to the news? How is your patient reacting to the course of treatment?  to react positively/negatively to a suggestion（赞成/反对）

reaction to: response to对…反应

e.g.What was his reaction to the news? Our reaction to a joke is to laugh.His reaction to the doctor’s treatment was satisfactory.3.Questions for group discussion 1)Is there really a doctor in the body? If so, who do you think is the doctor? Why? I think there is a doctor in the body and it is the mind.Usually if we are quit confident, we will react as if everything will go well.That is to say, if we are mentally sure that we will get better, the body will start functioning better.Otherwise we will lose heart and the illness in our body will probably get worse.I really believe in the power of “mind over matter”.2)How would you feel if your doctor had given you a placebo instead of medicine? It depends.If I got better, I would feel lucky to have been given a placebo instead of real medicine, because medicine often has some side effects.However, if I didn’t feel better, I would be very angry and probably would never go back to that doctor.3)If you got better anyway, would you think the doctor had cheated you? Would you be pleased that you had been able to heal your own body just by believing that you could?

I would think the doctor had cheated me.At the same time, I would be pleased that I had been able to heal my body by believing that I could.I would be proud of my will power and become more confident of myself 4.Translation 1)All I can say is that we are extremely sorry.2)In many cases regulations alone will not work.3)He is highly likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence.4)She stared at me as if I were a stranger.5)It is reported that three people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday.6)I feel angry at the way he has treated me.7)The patient is much the same as he was yesterday.8)I’d like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.V.Further Development 进一步发展

1.Words Association and Story-telling STEP ONE emergency, first aid, injury, penicillin, shock, wound, sore, scrape, choking, bruise, shot, pulse, unconscious(ness), antibiotic, cough, rescue faint(ing)thermometer, soothe, injection, headache, toothache, stomachache, hospital, dentist, therapy, therapist, drug, medicine, heart attack, chronic, seasick(ness), airsick(ness), bleed(ing), fracture, fever, flu/influenza, cold, dislocation, temperature, disease, illness, cancer, infection, ulcer, placebo, case, heal, cure, capsule, pill, tablet, prescribe, prescription, cut examine, X-ray,etc.第一步紧急、急救、伤害、青霉素、休克、伤口,痛,刮,窒息,瘀伤,射击,脉搏、无意识(尼斯),抗生素,咳嗽,救援微弱(ing)温度计,抚慰,注入,头痛、牙痛、胃痛、医院,牙医,疗法,治疗师,药物,医药、心脏病、慢性、晕船(尼斯),晕机(尼斯),出血(ing),骨折,发烧、流感和流感,寒冷、位错、温度、疾病、疾病、癌症、感染、溃疡、安慰剂,情况下,愈合,治疗,胶囊,片剂,平板电脑,开处方,处方,减少检查,x射线等。

STEP TWO Last summer, my friends and I decided to go mountain-climbing.Our excursion up the mountain turned out to be a disappointing adventure.去年夏天，我和朋友决定去爬山。我们的登山之行原来是一次令人失望的冒险。

We began by following the long winding path that leads to the summit of the mountain.It was raining so it was very slippery in some spots.When we were half way up, one of my friends fell, He hurt his leg very badly.It bled a lot and it was so painful that he could not walk.We were sure he had a broken leg.With the help of several kind people we managed to carry him all the way down the mountain.我们从那条通往山顶的蜿蜒小路开始。下雨了，有些地方很滑。当我们走到一半的时候，我的一个朋友摔倒了，他的腿很疼。它流了很多血，疼得他不能走路。我们确信他的腿断了。在几个善良的人的帮助下，我们设法把他带到山下。

When we reached the village, we were able to get a taxi to the hospital.The doctor cleaned the cuts and bruises and examined my friend’s leg very thoroughly.He said that it was not broken but that it would be very sore for some time and that it would take a while for the cuts to heal.Just knowing that his leg wasn’t broken made my friend feel better.The doctor gave him an injection of antibiotics to prevent infection and told him that he would have to come back for more shots.当我们到达村子的时候，我们可以乘出租车去医院。医生清洗了伤口和瘀伤，非常彻底地检查了我朋友的腿。他说，伤口不会破裂，但会很痛一段时间，需要一段时间才能愈合伤口。我只是知道他的腿没有断，这让我的朋友感觉好多了。医生给他打了一针抗生素，以防止感染，并告诉他，他必须回来再注射更多的疫苗。

Three days later we came down with terrible colds.We all had had coughs so we went to see the doctor.He prescribed some cough medicine.He said that the medicine wouldn’t cure our coughs but that it would soothe our throats.三天后，我们得了重感冒。我们都有咳嗽，所以我们去看医生。他开了一些咳嗽药。他说这种药治不了我们的咳嗽，但它能使我们的嗓子平静下来。

Feeling tired and discouraged, we decided to leave for home.Our mountain-climbing trip had not been very successful.We were three healthy people when we arrived and we left feeling tired and miserable.由于感到疲倦和沮丧，我们决定动身回家。我们的登山之旅并不是很成功。当我们到达时，我们是三个健康的人，我们离开时感到疲倦和痛苦。

2.Interpreting an old saying Directions: There is an old saying “Once bitten, twice shy”.Work in groups to explain the proverb by using examples.用法:俗话说“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳”。用例子来解释这句谚语。

This proverb means that if a person is frustrated(prevent sb from doing sth)by an experience or even suffers loss, either material or mental, from it, then it will have a psychological influence on him that he wouldn’t dare to do it again or he will try to avoid it.A typical example in Chinese folklore is that a man who has been bitten by a snake is so afraid of it that he shies at the coiled rope for ten years.这句谚语的意思是，如果一个人因为某件事而感到沮丧(阻止某人做某件事)，或者甚至遭受损失，无论是物质上的还是精神上的损失，那么他就会对他产生心理上的影响，他不敢再这样做，否则他会设法避免。中国民间传说中的一个典型例子是，一个被蛇咬过的人很害怕被蛇咬了10年。

3.Trying to be a psychologist Possible advice: 可能的建议:

Susan is a shy girl.She is afraid of talking with others.苏珊是个害羞的女孩。她害怕与人交谈。

To make her realize that everyone is equal and that she is as intelligent as or even more intelligent than others;to encourage her to take the initiative in conversation with others;to tell her family members or close friends or praise her regularly and let her know that they appreciate her company.让她意识到每个人都是平等的，她是聪明的，甚至比别人聪明;鼓励她主动与他人交谈;告诉她的家人或亲密的朋友，或经常表扬她，让她知道他们欣赏她的公司。

Jack is the owner of a boutique（时装店）.His clothes do not sell well.To tell Jack to sell his clothes on sale and let customers know that the discount cannot be ignored;to ask Jack to raise the price of the clothes so that people feel they are of good quality;杰克是个精品店的主人(时装店)。他的衣服卖得不好。

告诉杰克出售他的衣服，让顾客知道折扣不能被忽略;要求杰克提高衣服的价格，让人们觉得他们的质量很好;

Peter is a sloppy(马虎的)college student.He is reluctant to make his bed and wash his clothes.彼得是一个草率的(马虎的)大学生。他不愿铺床，洗衣服。

To invite a girl student to his dormitory;to ask his classmates to tell him casually that a sloppy person is just disgusting;邀请女生到宿舍;让同学们随便告诉他一个邋遢的人只是恶心;

Tom is a football fan.He is depressed to see his team always defeated.汤姆是个足球迷。看到他的球队总是被击败，他很沮丧。

To tell Tom that football is not everything in life and that some football fans die of heart attacks because they are so excited;to help him to cultivate some other hobbies and interests.告诉汤姆足球不是生活中的一切，一些球迷死于心脏病，因为他们太兴奋了;帮助他培养其他爱好和兴趣。

VI.Writing

Psychology in Our Life

生活中的心理学

Sample One 例一

Psychology plays an important role in our daily life.Our feelings and attitudes color the way we behave.Confidence is a good example.心理学在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。我们的感情和态度会影响我们的行为。自信就是一个很好的例子。

In reality, a great number of people complain that they haven’t the ability to do something or that their difficulties are too great to overcome.In some cases, this may be true.But in other cases, it means that people allow themselves to get discouraged.事实上，许多人抱怨他们没有能力去做某事，或者他们的困难太大而无法克服。在某些情况下，这可能是真的。但在其他情况下，这意味着人们让自己变得沮丧。

For example, a confident man can accomplish many things.If you have confidence, you believe you can do things well.You might not always do as well as you hope, but you will try harder the next time.A man who lacks self-confidence might not be able to complete simple tasks.Without confidence you might be nervous, unsure of yourself and confused about what to do and how to do it.You might think you will fail, so perhaps you do not try hard enough.例如，一个自信的人可以完成很多事情。如果你有信心，你相信自己能做好事情。你可能并不总是像你希望的那样好，但下一次你会更加努力。缺乏自信的人可能无法完成简单的任务。如果没有自信，你可能 10 会紧张，不确定自己，也不知道该做什么，该怎么做。你可能会认为你会失败，所以也许你不够努力。

There is a well-known proverb that says: “Where there is a will, there is a way.” In other words, if you have the will or the determination to do something, you will always find a way to do it.Having confidence is an important part of our life.有一句名言说:“有志者，事竟成。”换句话说，如果你有意愿或决心去做某事，你总能找到方法去做。自信是我们生活中很重要的一部分。

Sample Two 例二

In our daily life, we often have to buy things.Most of us cannot really distinguish good quality from bad quality.Obviously we can see if an apple is rotten, but we cannot always see if something is well made.What makes us buy things? 在我们的日常生活中，我们经常要买东西。我们大多数人都不能真正地把好的质量和坏的质量区分开来。很明显，我们可以看到一个苹果是否已经腐烂，但我们不能总能看到是否有什么东西做得很好。什么让我们买东西?

A woman might decide to buy a particular style of dress because several of her friends have chosen that style.She wants to be like her friends.A man might decide to buy a particular coat because it expensive.He thinks that since it is expensive it must be of good quality.A student who has a lot of money might decide to buy a jacket because it was made by a well-known designer.Wearing a jacket with the designer’s name on it makes him feel important.一个女人可能会决定买一件特别的衣服，因为她的几个朋友选择了这种款式。她想成为她的朋友。一个人可能会决定买一件大衣，因为它很贵。他认为既然价格昂贵，质量一定很好。一个有很多钱的学生可能会决定买一件夹克，因为它是由一位著名的设计师制作的。穿一件有设计师名字的夹克会让他觉得自己很重要。

These are not the logical reasons for buying things, but they explain the motivation behind people’s action or behavior.Our psychology or mental state plays an important role in many aspects of our daily life.这些不是买东西的逻辑原因，但它们解释了人们行为或行为背后的动机。我们的心理或心理状态在我们日常生活的许多方面起着重要的作用。

第二篇：新编大学英语4(浙大版)1.4.6.7.8.9单元课后翻译

Unit 1

一个4岁的孩子活泼的行为是正常的。

速度快的汽车对约翰有吸引力，但他买不起。

多种多样的论据。

project to me again.我要求我的上司为我解释清楚然后再次向我解释项目。感光胶片对光线非常敏感。

early days.互相鼓励，麦哭了，当人们拿他开玩笑

约翰不会放弃，他坚持他的意观点。

特德总是想成为关注的中心。

我们提前买我们的票吗?

Util4

1.it is up to him to finish the work 这项工作都由他来完成 2.wo decided to scarifice a trip for a new car 我觉得为买新车而放弃旅行

3.involve his wife in the management of the company 让他的妻子参与公司的管理工作

4.it is of vital importance to future generations 对未来几代人都是极其重要的5.the key to this question is better planning 解决这个问题的关键是更好的策划

6.pursuing the question deep 继续深入的讨论这个问题 7.the house is a totally original design 这房子是完全新颖的设计

8.to promote mutual understanding betweem two countries 增加两国间的相互理解 Unit 6

1)凭借他的记忆力好

2)when her children`s education is concerned 当涉及到她孩

子的教育时。

3)raher than spend time unnecessarily in hospital 而不愿意

毫无必要地带着医院。

4)give small amounts of money regularly over a period of

time 在一段时间内定期给少量的钱 5)the answer is that 答案是这样的6)does not intend to focus on a particular aspect of modern art

并不打算只关注现代艺术的某个具体方面。

7)even supposing a car was available 即便能搞定一辆车。8)the fact that you have cut yourself off from your past and

have started a totally new life.你已经同过去一刀两断，并已经开始全新的生活这一事实。

Unit 7

1.will leave no record on students' transcript 在学生成绩单上不会留下痕迹

2.when confronting/facing difficulty 当面临困难的时候 3.beyond the deadtime 过了截止时间

4.tossed the report on the desk 猛地把报告仍在桌上 5.unlearing all the bad haibts 改掉所有坏习惯 6.deprived the house of light挡住了房子中的光线 7.pop into your mind跃入你的脑海 8.budget his time 安排好时间

9.were supposed to be secret 本应是机密 10.are due this Friday本周五截止 Unit 8:

1.seems to live by the principe that seeing is believing似乎在遵守眼见为实的原则

2.thus reducing the risk of heart attack 因而降低了患心脏病的风险

3.they raised their legs in unison 他们步伐一致的迈动着双腿 4.before he could summon up enougn courage to open the door 在他能骨气足够的勇气打开们之前

5.frowned heavily upon divorce/opposed strongly against divorce 对离婚持强烈反对意见

6.on the brink of making a major discovery 即将取得一项重大的新发现

7.will be given proiority over those who have not 比那些没用修改过这门课程的人享有优先权

8.the harder difficult it is to adjust to changes 就越难适应变化 Unit 9:

1.hardly had she sat down 她刚刚坐下

2.especially when you want to reserve a good seat 特别是如果你想定一个好位子的话

3.is not necessaryly most useful 并不一定是最有用的，4.what kind of person do you have in your mind 你心里觉得什么样的人合适

5.there is a limit to the time 有时间限制 6.spent part of his childhood 度过部分童年时光 7.three times as many girls as boys 女孩是男孩的三倍 8.as do most of the people who live in this village就像住在这个村子里的大多数人一样

9.but on the other hand ,it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere 但是另一方面，失去家庭氛围也是很悲哀的 10.Despite international pressure 虽然有来自国际上的压力

第三篇：新编大学英语第一册翻译答案

Translation

Unit 1

1)I’m tired.I shouldn’t have gone to bed so late last night.2)I don’t/didn’t know bob very well, but we go/went out for an occasional drink together.3)We’re supposed to meet her at the train station.4)You could clearly see people drowning, but/and yet you took no action to save them.5)Including weekends, there are only twelve more days to buy Christmas presents.6)Without immediate action, many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger.Unit 2

1．That song always reminded her of the night spent in Chicago.2．There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way.3．All flights to New York today are/were delayed because of the bad weather.4．Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage.5.I can’t find my checkbook.I must have left it at home.6.By the time the football match was going to start, the storm had already stopped.Unit 3

1.You won’t get the job unless you’ve got the experience.2.Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American cultures.3.The statement/sentence is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding.4.He wished he could give her more help than he does.5.Put on your coat or you’ll catch cold.6.She has added a Picasso to her collection.7.I am not aware of ever having been here before.8.You will soon find yourself without any friends at all if you keep on being so rude to everybody.Unit 4

1.It’s far too hot in the room;open the window, please!

2.The noise woke us up in the middle of the night.3.He shouldn’t have been angry at what I said.It was nothing more than a joke.4.We invited all our friends to the picnic but it rained and only five of them showed up.5.She views marriage as a serious matter.6.To my disappointment, the movie didn’t live up to my expectations.Unit 5

1.I used to go to the cinema/movies a lot, but I never have the time now.2.The two workers cooperated with each other to fix the broken pipe.3.This is a cruel practice which should be stopped immediately.4.What aspect of your job/work is(the)most difficult, and what aspect is(the)most rewarding?

5.Some people think he is rude, but that’s not the case.6.I’ll help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do.

第四篇：新世纪大学英语读写第一册课文翻译

When we are writing we are often told to keep our readers in mind, to shape what we say to fit their tastes and interests.But there is one reader in particular who should not be forgotten.Can you guess who? Russell Baker surprised himself and everyone else when he discovered the answer.我们写作时常常被告诫，脑子里要有读者，笔者所云一定要符合读者的口味和兴趣。但有一位读者特别不该忘记。你能猜出是谁吗？当拉塞尔·贝克找到这个问题的答案时，他自己和别人都感到大为惊讶。

Writing for Myself Russell Baker 1 The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn't until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.Until then I've been bored by everything associated with English courses.I found English grammar dull and difficult.I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.为自己而写 拉塞尔·贝克

从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这一想法才有了实现的可能。在这之前，我对所有跟英文课沾边的事都感到腻味。我觉得英文语法枯燥难懂。我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作，老师读着受累，我写着痛苦。When our class was assigned to Mr.Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects.Mr.Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire.He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date.To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim.He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed.He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts.He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.弗利格尔先生接我们的高三英文课时，我就准备着在这门最最单调乏味的课上再熬上沉闷的一年。弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。据说他拘谨刻板，完全落后于时代。我看他有六七十岁了，古板之极。他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜，微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐，梳得纹丝不乱。他身穿古板的套装，领带端端正正地顶着白衬衣的领扣。他长着古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，说起话来一本正经，字斟句酌，彬彬有礼，活脱脱一个滑稽的老古董。I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr.Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed.Late in the year we tackled the informal essay.Mr.Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering us a choice of topics.None was quite so simple-minded as “What I Did on My Summer Vacation,” but most seemed to be almost as dull.I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due.Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it.The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti”.我作好准备，打算在弗利格尔先生的班上一无所获地混上一年，不少日子过去了，还真不出所料。后半学期我们学写随笔小品文。弗利格尔先生发下一张家庭作业纸，出了不少题目供我们选择。像“暑假二三事”那样傻乎乎的题目倒是一个也没有，但绝大多数一样乏味。我把作文题带回家，一直没写，直到要交作业的前一天晚上。我躺在沙发上，最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课，便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗一看。我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images.Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper tableand Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper.Spaghetti was still a little known foreign dish in those days.Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it.All the good humor of Uncle Allen's house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。贝尔维尔之夜的清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来，当时，我们大家一起围坐在晚餐桌旁——艾伦舅舅、我母亲、查理舅舅、多丽丝、哈尔舅舅——帕特舅妈晚饭做的是意大利细面条。那时意大利细面条还是很少听说的异国食品。多丽丝和我都还从来没吃过，在座的大人也是经验不足，没有一个吃起来得心应手的。艾伦舅舅家诙谐有趣的场景全都重现在我的脑海中，我回想起来，当晚我们笑作一团，争论着该如何地把面条从盘子上送到嘴里才算合乎礼仪。Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr.Fleagle.It was a moment I wanted to recapture and hold for myself.I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening.To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition I'd learned in school, and Mr.Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade.Never mind.I would write something else for Mr.Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself.突然我就想描述那一切，描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛，但我把它写下来仅仅是想自得其乐，而不是为弗利格尔先生而写。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一个时刻。我想重温那个夜晚的愉快。然而，照我希望的那样去写，就会违反我在学校里学的正式作文的种种法则，弗利格尔先生也肯定会打它一个不及格。没关系。等我为自己写好了之后，我可以再为弗利格尔先生写点什么别的东西。When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr.Fleagle.There was no choice next morning but to turn in my tale of the Belleville supper.Two days passed before Mr.Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone's but mine.I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr.Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class's attention.等我写完时已是半夜时分，再没时间为弗利格尔先生写一篇循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章了。第二天上午，我别无选择，只好把我为自己而写的贝尔维尔晚餐的故事交了上去。两天后弗利格尔先生发还批改过的作文，他把别人的都发了，就是没有我的。我正准备着遵命一放学就去弗利格尔先生那儿挨训，却看见他从桌上拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子让大家注意听。7 “Now, boys,” he said.“I want to read you an essay.This is titled, 'The Art of Eating Spaghetti.'” “好了，孩子们，”他说。“我要给你们念一篇小品文。文章的题目是：吃意大利细面条的艺术。And he started to read.My words!He was reading my words out loud to the entire class.What's more, the entire class was listening.Listening attentively.Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with open-hearted enjoyment.Even Mr.Fleagle stopped two or three times to hold back a small prim smile.于是他开始念了。是我写的！他给全班大声念我写的文章。更不可思议的是，全班同学都在听着他念，而且听得很专心。有人笑出声来，接着全班都笑了，不是轻蔑嘲弄，而是乐乎乎地开怀大笑。就连弗利格尔先生也停顿了两三次，好抑制他那一丝拘谨的微笑。I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh.In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling.It was the happiest moment of my entire school career.When Mr.Fleaglefinished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, ”Now that, boys, is an essay, don't you see.It'sit's of the very essence of the essay, don't you see.Congratulations, Mr.Baker.“ 我尽力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我写的文章竟然能使别人大笑，我真是心花怒放。就在十一年级，可谓是最后的时刻，我找到了一个今生想做的事。这是我整个求学生涯中最幸福的一刻。弗利格尔先生念完后说道：”瞧，孩子们，这就是小品文，懂了没有。这才是——知道吗——这才是小品文的精髓，知道了没有。祝贺你，贝克先生。“他这番话使我沉浸在十全十美的幸福之中。

How do you feel when old friends are far away? Do you make an effort to keep in touch? Sometimes it is easy to put off writing a letter, thinking that there will be plenty of time tomorrow.But then sometimes, as this story shows, we leave it too late.Perhaps reading it will make you want to reach for your pen.老朋友天各一方，你心有何感？你是否努力保持联系？有时候写信的事很容易会一拖再拖，总以为明天有的是时间。然而，正如这则故事所表明的，有时我们拖得太晚了。也许读一读这个故事会让你提起笔来。

All the Cabbie Had Was a Letter Foster Furcolo 1 He must have been completely lost in something he was reading because I had to tap on the windshield to get his attention.出租车司机拥有的就剩一封信

福斯特·弗克洛

他准是完全沉浸在所读的东西里了，因为我不得不敲挡风玻璃来引起他的注意。”Is your cab available?“ I asked when he finally looked up at me.He nodded, then said apologetically as I settled into the back seat, ”I'm sorry, but I was reading a letter.“ He sounded as if he had a cold or something.他总算抬头看我了。“你出车吗？”我问道。他点点头，当我坐进后座时，他抱歉地说：“对不起，我在读一封信。”听上去他像是得了感冒什么的。3 ”I'm in no hurry,“ I told him.”Go ahead and finish your letter.“ “我不着急，”我对他说，“你接着把信读完吧。” He shook his head.”I've read it several times already.I guess I almost know it by heart.“ 他摇了摇头。“我已经读了好几遍了。我想我都能背出来了。” ”Letters from home always mean a lot,“ I said.”At least they do with me because I'm on the road so much.“ Then, estimating that he was 60 or 70 years old, I guessed: ”From a child or maybe a grandchild?“ “家书抵万金啊，”我说。“至少对我来说是这样，因为我老是在外旅行。”我估量他有六七十岁了，便猜测说：“是孩子还是孙子写来的？” ”This isn't family,“ he replied.”Although,“ he went on, ”come to think of it, it might just as well have been family.Old Ed was my oldest friend.In fact, we used to call each other 'Old Friend'--when we'd meet, that is.I'm not much of a hand at writing.“ “不是家里人，”他回答说。“不过，”他接着说，“想起来，也可以算是一家人了。埃德老伙计是我最老的朋友了。实际上，过去我俩总是以‘老朋友’相称的——就是说，当我俩相见时。我这人就是不大会写东西。” ”I don't think any of us keep up our correspondence too well,“ I said.”I know I don't.But I take it he's someone you've known quite a while?“ “我看大家写信都不那么勤快，”我说，“我自己笔头就很懒。我看，你认识他挺久了吧？” 8 ”All my life, practically.We were kids together, so we go way back.“ “差不多认识了一辈子了。我俩小时候就一起玩，所以我俩的友谊确实很长了。” 9 ”Went to school together?“ “一起上的学？” ”All the way through high school.We were in the same class, in fact, through both grade and high school.“ “都一起上到高中呢。事实上，我俩从小学到高中都在一个班里。” 11 ”There are not too many people who've had such a long friendship,“ I said.“保持这么长久友谊的人可真不多见啊，”我说。”Actually,“ the driver went on, ”I hadn't seen him more than once or twice a year over the past 25 or 30 years because I moved away from the old neighborhood and you kind of lose touch even though you never forget.He was a great guy.“ “其实呢，”司机接着说，“近25到30年来，我跟他一年只见一两次面，因为我从原来住的街区搬了出来，联系自然就少了，虽说你一直放在心上。他在的时候可真是个大好人。” 13 ”You said 'was'.Does that mean-?“ “你刚才说他‘在的时候’。你是说——？” 14 He nodded.”Died a couple of weeks ago.“ 他点了点头。“前几个星期过世啦。” ”I'm sorry,“ I said.”It's no fun to lose any friend--and losing a real old one is even tougher.“ “真遗憾，”我说，“失去朋友真不是个滋味，失去个真正的老朋友更让人受不了。” He didn't reply to that, and we rode on in silence for a few minutes.But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again, almost more to himself than to me: ”I should have kept in touch.Yes,“ he repeated, ”I should have kept in touch.“ 他开着车，没有接话儿。我们沉默了几分钟。可我知道他还在想着老埃德。他又开口时，与其说是跟我说话，还不如说是自言自语：“我真该一直保持联系。真的，”他重复道，“我真该一直保持联系。” ”well,“ I agreed, ”We should all keep in touch with old friends more than we do.But things come up and we just don't seem to find the time.“ “是啊，”我表示赞同，“我们都该与老朋友保持更多的联系。不过总是有事情冒出来，好像就是抽不出空来。” He shrugged.”We used to find the time,“ he said.”That's even mentioned in the letter.“ He handed it over to me.”Take a look.“and mail it.我进了旅馆房间之后，没有马上打开箱包。首先我得写封信——而且要寄出去。

Professor Hawking thinks it important to keep everybody in touch with what science is about.In this article he explains why.霍金教授认为使每个人都了解科学是干什么的非常重要。在这篇文章中，他对其中的缘由作了解释。

Public Attitudes Toward Science Stephen Hawking 1 Whether we like it or not, the world we live in has changed a great deal in the last hundred years, and it is likely to change even more in the next hundred.Some people would like to stop these changes and go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age.But as history shows, the past was not that wonderful.It was not so bad for a privileged minority, though even they had to do without modern medicine, and childbirth was highly risky for women.But for the vast majority of the population, life was nasty, brutish, and short.公众科学观

斯蒂芬·霍金

无论我们是否愿意，我们生活的世界在过去一百年间已经变化了许多，而且在未来的一百年里可能变化更多。有人想中止这种种变化，回到那个他们认为更纯洁更朴素的时代。但正如历史所表明的，过去并非那么美妙。过去对享有特权的少数人不算太糟，但即便他们也无从享受现代医疗，而生育对妇女来说风险极大。对占人口大多数的民众而言，生活是艰难、残忍而又短暂的。Anyway, even if one wanted to, one couldn't put the clock back to an earlier age.Knowledge and techniques can't just be forgotten.Nor can one prevent further advances in the future.Even if all government money for research were cut off(and the present government is doing its best), the force of competition would still bring about advances in technology.Moreover, one cannot stop inquiring minds from thinking about basic science, whether or not they are paid for it.The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new,and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn't succeed.All it would do is slow down the rate of change.不管怎样，即使有人想这么做，他也无法将时钟拨回到早先的时代。知识与技术不可能说忘就忘了。也没有人能阻止未来的进一步发展。即使所有用于研究的政府资金都被取消（现政府最擅此事），竞争的力量仍将继续带来技术的发展。更何况，没有人能阻止探究求索之士去思索基础科学，无论他们是否会为此得到酬劳。惟一能阻止进一步发展的办法或许是一个压制任何新事物的全球政府，但人类的进取心与创造力如此旺盛，即便这个政府也不会成功。它所能做到的只是延缓变化的速度。If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to ensure that the changes they make are in the right directions.In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science, so that it can make informed decisions and not leave them in the hands of experts.At the moment, the public is in two minds about science.It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of living that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn't understand it.This distrust is evident in the cartoon figure of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein.It is also an important element behind support for the Green parties.But the public also has a great interest in science, particularly astronomy, as is shown by the large audiences for television series such as The Sky at Night and for science fiction.如果我们承认，我们无法阻止科学技术改变我们的世界，我们至少可以努力确保科技带来的变化方向正确。在一个民主社会里，这意味着公众需要对科学有一个基本的了解，从而可以作出明达的决定，而不是把决定留给专家去作。目前，公众对科学存有矛盾之心。公众期望科技新发展带来的生活水准的稳定提高能继续，但又怀疑科学，因为他们不懂科学。那个在实验室里设法制造弗兰肯斯泰因的疯狂的科学家的卡通人物清楚地体现了公众的这种怀疑。这也是人们之所以支持各种绿色组织的一个重要因素。但公众同时也对科学深感兴趣，尤其是对天文学，诸如《夜空》之类的电视系列节目观众不少以及科幻小说读者甚多就是明证。What can be done to harness this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools.But in schools science is often presented in a dry and uninteresting manner.Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they don't see its relevance to the world around them.Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations.Although equations are a brief and accurate way of describing mathematical ideas, they frighten most people.When I wrote a popular book recently, I was advised that each equation I included would halve the sales.I included one equation, Einstein's famous equation, E=mc2.Maybe I would have sold twice as many copies without it.怎么样才能利用这种兴趣，向公众提供所需要的科学知识，以便其在酸雨、温室效应、核武器以及基因工程等问题上作出明达的决定呢？显然，必须把基础建立在学校课程上。但在学校里，科学往往被教得枯燥乏味。孩子们死记硬背应付考试，他们看不出科学与他们的周围世界的联系。更有甚者，科学常常是用公式来教的。虽然公式是阐述数学概念的一种简单而精确的方式，它们却使大多数人望而生畏。前不久我写了一本通俗读物，当时有人告诫我说，我每使用一个公式就会使销量减半。我只使用了一个公式，即爱因斯坦那个著名的公式，E=mc2。如果不用这个公式的话，也许我能多卖出一倍的书。Scientists and engineers tend to express their ideas in the form of equations because they need to know the precise values of quantities.But for the rest of us, a qualitative grasp of scientific concepts is sufficient, and this can be conveyed by words and diagrams, without the use of equations.科学家和工程师倾向于用公式阐述观点，因为他们需要知道量的精确值。但对我们其余的人来说，对科学概念有个质的认识就已足够，这可以用文字和图表来表述，大可不必使用公式。6 The science people learn in school can provide the basic framework.But the rate of scientific progress is now so rapid that there are always new developments that have occurred since one was at school or university.I never learned about molecular biology or transistors at school, but genetic engineering and computers are two of the developments most likely to change the way we live in the future.Popular books and magazine articles about science can help to put across new developments, but even the most successful popular book is read by only a small proportion of the population.Only television can reach a truly mass audience.There are some very good science programmes on TV, but others present scientific wonders simply as magic, without explaining them or showing how they fit into the framework of scientific ideas.Producers of television science programmes should realize that they have a responsibility to educate the public, not just entertain it.人们在学校学到的科学知识可以提供一个基本的框架。但如今科学进步的速度如此之快，一个人离开学校或大学后新的发展层出不穷。我在学校从未学过分子生物学或晶体管，但基因工程和计算机是极有可能改变我们未来生活的两项发展。有关科学的通俗读物和杂志文章能帮助人们了解新发展，但即使是最畅销的科普读物也只有一小部分人阅读。只有电视能赢得真正广大的观众。电视上有一些相当优秀的科学节目，但其他的节目把科学奇迹简单地作为魔术播出，既不加以说明，也不展现它们与科学观念的整体框架的关系。电视科学节目的制片人应该认识到，他们负有教育民众的重任，而不仅仅是为他们提供娱乐。The world today is filled with dangers, hence the sick joke that the reason we have not been contacted by an alien civilization is that civilizations tend to destroy themselves when they reach our stage.But I have sufficient faith in the good sense of the public to believe that we might prove this wrong.当今世界充满危险，因此就有了那个令人毛骨悚然的玩笑，说我们尚未受到外星文明造访的原因在于：但凡文明发展到我们目前的程度，它们往往就自我毁灭了。然而我对公众的明智充满信心，因而相信，我们将证明这一说法是错误的。”

第五篇：大学英语精读第三版第一册【课文翻译】

大学英语精读第三版第一册【课文翻译】

Unit1 课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。Some Strategies or Learning English 学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。

虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。1.不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。

2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说 “我对英语感兴趣”是“I'm interested in English”，而说“我精于法语”则是“I'm good at French”？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说“获悉消息或秘密”是“learn the news or secret”，而“获悉某人的成功或到来”却是“learn of someone's success or arrival”？这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。

3．每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后再反复地听。你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的东西。

4．抓住机会说。的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如，跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们随意交谈。或许练习讲英语最容易的方式是高声朗读，因为这在任何时间，任何地方，不需要搭档就可以做到。例如，你可以看着图片或身边的物件，试着对它们详加描述。你还可以复述日常情景。在商店里购物或在餐馆里吃完饭付过账后，假装这一切都发生在一个讲英语的国家，试着用英语把它表演出来。

5．广泛阅读。广泛阅读很重要，因为在我们的学习环境中，阅读是最重要、最可靠的语言输入来源。在选择阅读材料时，要找你认为有趣的、不需要过多依赖词典就能看懂的东西。开始时每天读一页是个好办法。接下去，你就会发现你每天可以读更多页，而且能对付难度更高的材料。

6．经常写。写作是练习你已经学会的东西的好方法。除了老师布置的作文，你还可以找到自己要写的理由。有个笔友可以提供很好的动力；与某个跟你趣味相投但来自不同文化的人进行交流，你会学到很多东西。经常写作的其他方式还有记日记，写小故事或概述每天的新闻。语言学习是一个积累的过程。从读和听中吸收尽量多的东西，然后再试着把学到的东西通过说和写加以运用，定会大有收益。

Unit2 弗朗西斯?奇切斯特在六十五岁时开始了只身环球航行。本文记述的就是这一冒险故事。Sailing Round the Word 弗朗西斯?奇切斯特在独自驾船作环球航行之前，已有好几次让他的朋友们感到吃惊了。他曾试图作环球飞行，但没有成功。那是1931年。好多年过去了。他放弃了飞行，开始航海。他领略到航海的巨大乐趣。奇切斯特在首届横渡大西洋单人航海比赛中夺魁时，已经五十八岁。他周游世界的宿愿重又被唤起，不过这一次他是要驾船环游。由于他患有肺癌，朋友们和医生们都认为他不该去，但奇切斯特决意实施自己的计划。1966年8月，在他快满六十五岁的时候——许多人在这个年龄已经退休——他开始了一生中最了不起的一次航海。不久，他就驾着那艘16米长的新船吉普赛?莫思号启程出海了。

奇切斯特沿着19世纪大型三桅帆船的航线航行。不过，三桅帆船拥有众多船员，而奇切斯特却是独个儿扬帆破浪，即使在主要转舵装置被大风刮坏之后仍是这样。奇切斯特一直航行了14 100英里，到了澳大利亚的悉尼港才停船靠岸。这段航程比以往单人驾舟航海的最远航程还多一倍多。

他于12月12日抵达澳大利亚，这一天正是他离开英国的第107天。他受到澳大利亚人和乘飞机专程前去迎接他的家人们的热烈欢迎。奇切斯特上岸后，得由人搀扶着才能行走。大家众口一词，说他已航行得够远了，不要再继续向前航行了。但他却置若罔闻。在悉尼休息了几周之后，他不顾朋友们的多方劝阻，再次扬帆出航。这后半段航程更为艰险，在此期间，他绕过了险情四伏的合恩角。1月29日他驶离澳大利亚。第二天夜晚——这是他所经历过的最黑暗的一个夜晚——海面上波涛汹涌，小船几乎被风浪掀翻。食物、衣服、还有碎玻璃，全都混杂在一起了。幸好小船遭到的损坏还不算太严重。奇切斯特镇静地钻进被窝，睡着了。等他醒来时，大海又恢复了平静。然而，他仍禁不住想到，要是果真有什么意外，他能借无线电联系上的人，最近的也要在885英里以外的岛上，除非附近哪儿有条轮船。奇切斯特成功地绕过合恩角以后，便通过无线电给伦敦发去如下电文：“我觉得好像刚从噩梦中醒来。就是野马也休想再把我拖回到合恩角和那凶险莫测的南大洋去了。” 1967年5月28日，星期天，晚上将近9点，他回到了英国。有二十五万人等在那儿欢迎他。伊丽莎白女王二世手持宝剑敕封他为爵士。将近400年前，伊丽莎白一世也曾手持同一把宝剑，把爵位赐予完成首次环球航行的弗朗西斯?德雷克爵士。从英国出发，再回到英国，整个航程长达28 500英里。奇切斯特一共花了九个月的时间，其中实际航行时间为226天。他终于完成了他想完成的伟业。

和许多别的冒险家一样，奇切斯特产生过恐惧而又战胜了恐惧。在这一过程中，他无疑对自身有了一些了解。此外，在当今这个人类如此依赖机器的时代，他赋予了全世界的人们以新的自豪感。

Unit3 人们说血浓于水，即我们的亲属比别人对我们更重要。老太太生日这天，所有的人都对她那么好。无疑她的女儿将会做出更大的努力使她高兴了？ The Present 这天是老太太的生日。

为了静心等候邮件，她一早就起床了。邮差打马路那头过来的时候，她从三楼的公寓套间里一眼就可以看到。她难得有信，偶尔有邮件寄来，总是由住在底楼的小男孩给她送上来。她相信今天肯定会有东西来。迈拉尽管在别的时候绝少写信，可母亲的生日她是不会忘记的。当然，迈拉很忙。她丈夫当上了市长，迈拉自己也由于悉心为老年人工作而获得一枚奖章。老太太颇以迈拉自豪，但她真心疼爱的女儿却是伊妮德。伊妮德始终没结婚，但她似乎以跟老母同住，并任教于附近的一所小学而心满意足。

然而一天傍晚，伊妮德却说：“妈妈，我已安排让莫里森太太来照顾你几天。明天我要去住院——只是动个小手术。我很快会回家来的。” 第二天早上她去了，却再也没有回来——她死在了手术台上。迈拉来参加了葬礼，并以她特有的干练方式，安排莫里森太太来家生火，并为老太太准备早餐。

那是两年以前的事了，打那以后，迈拉来看过她母亲三次，可她丈夫却一次也没来过。今天是老太太的八十寿辰。她穿上了她最好的衣裙。也许——也许迈拉会来的吧。不管怎么说，八十大寿毕竟非同一般——你又活了十年，或者说又熬过了十年，是活是熬，全在于你怎么看了。

即便迈拉不来，她也会寄礼物来的。老太太对这点是拿得准的。脸颊上的两片红晕，使她满脸生辉。她心情激动——激动得像个小孩。她的这个生日一定会过得很快活。

昨天，莫里森太太把这套公寓房间额外打扫了一遍。今天来准备早餐时还带来一张生日卡和一束万寿菊。楼下的格兰特太太特地做了一只蛋糕，下午老太太要下楼到她家去吃茶点。小男孩约翰尼也上楼来过，送来了一盒薄荷糖，还说要等她邮件来了以后再出去玩。“我猜你准会收到好多好多礼物，”他说。“上个礼拜我六岁生日，就收到好多好多。” 她想要样什么礼物呢？也许是一双拖鞋,或者是一件新的羊毛开衫。要真是一件羊毛开衫那就太好了,蓝盈盈的，那颜色该多么漂亮。过去吉姆就总喜欢她穿蓝的。再不就是一盏台灯，或者一本书，一本带照片的游记；一只小钟也行，钟面带醒目黑色数字的小钟。让人喜欢的东西可真多。

她站在窗口张望着。邮差骑着自行车过了拐角。她心跳加快了。约翰尼也看到了邮差，立即向大门口跑去。

接着，楼梯上传来“得得得”的脚步声。约翰尼敲了敲她的门。“奶奶，奶奶，”他叫着说，“我拿到你的信了。” 他交给她四封信。三封没封口，是老朋友寄来的生日卡。第四封是封口的，上面的字迹出自于迈拉之手。失望的痛楚攫住了老太太的心头。“没有包裹吗，约翰尼？” “没有，奶奶。” 也许是包裹太大了，没有随信件邮班同来。对了，准是这个缘故。待会儿会有包裹邮班送来的。她一定要有耐心。

她几乎是带着几分勉强之意撕开了信封。只见生日卡里夹着一张折叠起来的纸。卡上印有“生日快乐”的字样，下面写着一句附言——拿这张支票给自己买样称心的东西吧——迈拉和哈罗德。

支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟似的飘落到地板上。老太太慢慢地弯下腰，把支票从地上捡了起来。她的礼物，她的可爱的礼物！她用颤抖的手指把支票撕了个粉碎

Unit4 在美国，许多人把大部分空闲时间花在看电视上。的确，电视里有很多值得一看的节目，包括新闻、儿童教育节目、讨论当前社会问题的节目、戏剧、电影、音乐会等等。然而，人们也许不该在电视机前花费那么多的时间。如果我们被迫要找一些其他的活动，那我们可以做些什么呢？对这一问题，梅耶先生做了一番想像。Turning Off TV: A Quiet Hour 我想建议每天晚上一播完晚间新闻，美国所有的电视台都依法停播六十至九十分钟。

让我们认真而通情达理地看一下，如果这一建议被采纳的话，会有什么样的结果。千家万户也许会利用这段时间真正地团聚一番。没有电视机的干扰，他们晚饭后也许会围坐在一起，当真交谈起来。众所周知，我们的许多问题——事实上是所有的问题，从代沟、高离婚率到某些精神病——至少部分地是由于没能交流思想而引起的。我们谁也不把自己心头的烦恼告诉别人，结果感情上便产生了这样那样的问题。利用这安静的、全家聚在一起的时刻来讨论我们的各种问题，我们相互之间也许会更加了解，更加相爱。

有些晚上，如果没有必要进行这种交谈，那么各家各户也许会重新发现一些更为积极的消遣活动。如果他们挣脱开电视机的束缚而不得不另寻自己的活动，他们也许会合家驱车去看日落。或者也许会全家一起去散步（还记得自己长有双脚吗？），用新奇的目光观察住处周围的地区。

有了空闲时间而又没有电视可看，大人小孩便有可能重新发现阅读。一本好书里的乐趣，胜过一个月中所有典型的电视节目。教育家们报告说，伴随着电视长大的这一代人几乎写不出一句英语句子，甚至在大学一级受教育的人也是这样。写作往往是通过阅读学会的。每晚清静这么一个小时，可以造就出文化程度较高的一代新人。也许还可以像过去那样进行另一种形式的阅读：高声朗读。没有多少娱乐比一家人聚在一起，听爸爸或妈妈朗读一篇优美的故事更能使一家人关系融洽和睦了。没有电视干扰的这一小时，可以成为朗读故事的时间。等这静悄悄的一小时过去后，想要再把我们从新发现的娱乐活动中拉回去，电视联播公司也许将被迫拿出些更好的节目来才行。

乍一看，停播一小时电视的想法似乎过于偏激。如果少了这位电子保姆，做父母的可怎么办呢？我们怎么来打发这段时间呢？其实这个想法一点也不偏激。电视开始主宰美国人的空闲时间，至今也不过才二十五年。我们之中那些年满和年过三十五岁的人，还能回忆起没有电视相伴的童年，那时我们有一部分空闲时间以收音机为伴——听收音机至少还要发挥听者的想像力——但另外我们还看书、学习、交谈、做游戏、发明一些新的活动。日子也并不那么难过。真的。那时我们确实过得挺开心。

Unit5 你是否曾梦想成为一名作家，却因为担心自己缺乏这方面的才能而却步？如果是这样，那么读一读琳达?斯塔福德的故事就会使你怀着重燃的希望拿起笔来。I Never Write Right 在我十五岁的时候，我在我们英语课上宣布说我要写书并为自己的书作插图。当时有一半同学大笑不止，差一点从他们座位上摔出去。

“别犯傻了。只有天才能成为作家。”英语老师说，“而你这学期的英语只能得D。” 我感到很难堪，一下子哭了起来。当天晚上我就写了一首短诗，抒发梦想破灭的悲哀，然后把它寄给了《卡珀周刊》。令我惊讶的是，他们竟发表了我的诗，还寄给了我两美元。我成了一个发表过作品拿到过稿费的作家了！我拿给老师和同学们看。他们都笑了。“纯粹是傻运气，”老师说。我已经尝到了成功的滋味。我已经卖掉了我的第一篇作品。这超过了他们任何人取得的成绩，就算它“纯粹是傻运气”，我也觉得很好。

在随后的两年里，我卖出去几十件作品，其中包括诗歌、信件、笑话和食谱。到我中学毕业时（平均分为Cˉ），我已经有了好几本剪贴簿，上面贴满了我发表过的作品。我再也没有对老师们、朋友们或家人谈起我写作的事。他们都是些扼杀梦想的人。而如果人们必须在朋友和梦想之间作出选择的话，他们必须永远选择后者。

但有时候你确实能找到一个支持你梦想的朋友。“写本书很容易”，我新交的朋友告诉我，“你能写书。” “我不知道自己是不是够聪明，”我说，突然之间又感到自己回到了15岁的时候，听到了那些笑声在回响。

“胡说！”她说，“任何人都能写书，只要他们想写。” 当时我已经有四个孩子，最大的一个才四岁。我们住在俄克拉何马的一个山羊饲养场里，离开任何人都很远。我每天要做的事就是照看四个孩子，挤羊奶，烧饭，洗衣和收拾果园。孩子们睡觉时，我就在我那台老式打字机上打字。我写我的亲身感受。一共花了九个月，就像生孩子一样。

我随便选了一个出版商，把手稿放进一只放尿布的空盒子里——我唯一能找到的盒子。我附了一封信，上面写道：“这本书是我自己写的，希望你喜欢它。插图也是我自己画的。我最喜欢第 6章和第12章。谢谢。” 我用绳子扎好尿布盒就把它寄了出去，既没有附上一个写好回信地址贴好邮票的信封，也没有把手稿复印一份。一个月后我收到了一份合同和一笔预支的版税，他们还要求我开始动手写另一本书。

《哭泣的风》成了一本畅销书，被译成15种文字在全世界销售。我白天出现在电视台的访谈节目中，晚上则给孩子们换尿布。为推销我的书我到处旅行，从纽约到加利福尼亚，还去过加拿大。我的第一本书还成了加拿大印第安人学校的必读书。

我写第二本书花了半年时间。《我不断探索的心》也成了一本畅销书。我的下一部小说《当我交出我的心》只三个星期就完成了。

人们问我读过什么大学，有什么学位，有什么资历成为一个作家。我的回答是什么都没。我只是写。我不是天才，我没有天赋，写作是野路子。我也没受过什么训练，而且在孩子和朋友们身上花的时间比写作还多。

直到四年前我才有了一本同类词汇编，我一直用一本89美分买的韦氏小词典。我用的电动打字机是六年前花129美元买的。我从未用过文字处理机。我们一家六口，烧饭、洗衣、打扫卫生全是我一个人做，只能见缝插针地抽空写那么几分钟。我是跟四个孩子坐在沙发上边吃匹萨饼边看电视时以手写的方式写东西的。书写完后，再把它打出来寄给出版商。

我已经写了八本书。四本已经出版，三本还在出版商手里。只有一本水平较差。

对所有梦想着当作家的人，我要大声对你们说：“是的，你能！是的，你能！”我没有按正规路子在写作，但我已战胜了种种困难。写作并不困难，写作很有趣，只要下定决心任何人都能写书。当然，有一点小小的傻运气也没坏处。

Unit6 萨姆着手提高衬衫厂的效率了，但正如我们将在本单元后半部分发现的，他的计划实施结果跟他原先预料的并不完全一样。Sam Adams, Industrial Engineer 如果你问我母亲，我怎么偏偏会成为一名工业管理工程师的，她就会告诉你，我一直就是这样一个人。

她的意思是说，我一贯希望把样样东西都安排得井井有条，整整齐齐。还在上小学时，我就喜欢把袜子放在衣柜左上方的抽屉里，内衣放在右上方的抽屉里，衬衫放在当中的抽屉里，折得齐齐整整的裤子放在最下面的抽屉里。

事实上，我那时一直是全家人的效率专家。父亲的工具、母亲的厨房用具以及姐姐的男朋友全由我统一安排。

我需要讲究效率。我希望有条不紊。对我来说，样样东西都有个固定的地方，样样东西总是放在适当的地方。这些素质为我日后从事工业管理打下了良好的基础。

遗憾的是，我这个人也有一点专横，不太善于听取别人的意见。等我把在大学取得学士学位后承办第一项工程的情况告诉你以后，你就会明白我这话是什么意思了。

毕业后我回到家乡——印第安纳州的一个小镇上。当时我还没有找到工作。我父亲的一位朋友霍布斯先生在镇上有一家小型衬衫厂。在过去五年里，厂里的工人从二十名增加到了八十名。霍布斯先生担心他的工厂规模变得太大了，效率变得太低了，便请我进厂当了个短期顾问。我来到厂里，花了一个星期左右的时间一边到处查看，一边做些笔记。说真的，我对看到的情况不胜惊讶。

最为奇怪的是，厂里竟然没有任何质量控制。没有人检验工厂生产的成品。结果，有些装箱待运的衬衫不是缺了一两粒钮扣，就是少了衣领，有时甚至还会短只袖子。

工厂的生产条件很差。工作台很高，工人坐在旁边很不舒服。除了吃中饭的半小时外，全天没有别的休息时间来调剂一下令人厌倦的工作。厂里也不播放音乐。工场间的墙壁全是一片暗灰色。使我感到惊奇的是，工人们竟然没有罢工。

此外，厂里的生产流程也时断时续。在装配线上有个缝钮扣的年轻人特别心不在焉。没有多久，我便认出了他，原来他就是在中学上数学课时坐在我后面的“大个子吉姆”。他动作很慢，所有的衬衫到了他这儿都被耽搁下来。装配线上他后面的同班工人只好等在那儿无事可干；因此，在“大个子吉姆”一边工作一边胡思乱想的时候，大量时间便白白流逝了，劳动效率大受损失。整个礼拜我都在纳闷，为什么他没有被解雇。

我观察了一个星期后，霍布斯先生便要我就调查结果作一个口头汇报。我把要点概括了一下向他汇报如下：

“如果实行质量检验，你们就会大大改进成品。” “如果把装配线重新设计一下，生产流程就会达到平稳，并能节省时间和精力。” “如果降低工作台的高度，机器操作工作业时就会舒服一些。” “如果厂方播放悦耳的背景音乐，美化一下单调的环境，工厂的生产率就可以大大提高。” “如果工人们在上、下午各有一次十五分钟的休息时间喝咖啡，他们的效率就会更高。” “如果工作出色能经常得到加薪提拔，工人们就会有更大的生产积极性。” 霍布斯先生对我的汇报表示感谢，并告诉我说他将和他的兄弟——该厂的另一位厂主兼经理——讨论我的建议。“我们关心工厂的发展，”他说。“我们要跟上时代的步伐。” 他还送给我一张一百美元的支票并赠送给我一盒衬衫。

Unit7 作者想对一位老人表示一番好意，结果却使两个人都很难堪，这时他才认识到，光有善良的意愿是不够的。The Sampler 有一家出售布丁的商店，每年圣诞节期间都把许多这类美味的食品摆成一排供顾客选购。在这里你可以挑选最合你口味的布丁，甚至商店还允许你先把各色布丁品尝一番，然后再做出决定。

我常常纳闷，会不会有一些根本无意购买的人利用这一优惠趁机揩油。有一天，我向女店员提出了这一问题，从她那儿得知事情果真如此。

“比如说吧，有这样一位老先生，”她告诉我，“他差不多每个星期都要到这儿来，每只布丁他都要尝一尝，尽管他从来不买什么东西，而且我猜想他永远也不会买。我从去年，甚至前年就记住他了。哎，要是他想品尝就让他来吧，欢迎他来品尝。而且，我希望有更多的商店可以让他去品尝。他看上去似乎确实有这种需要，我想这点小意思他们是不在乎的。” 就在她讲这话的时候，一位上了年纪的先生一瘸一拐地走到了柜台前，开始对着那排布丁兴致勃勃地仔细看了起来。

“喏，这就是我刚刚对你说的那位先生，”店员轻声对我说。“现在你就看着他好了。”接着她就转过身去对老人说道：“先生，您想尝尝这些布丁吗？您可以用这把调羹。” 这位老先生衣着虽然破旧，但却十分整洁。他接过调羹，便开始急切地一只接一只地品尝起来，只是偶尔停下来，用一方大的破手绢擦擦他的红眼睛。“这种很好。” “这种也不错，可是稍微腻了一点。” 有一点自始至终很明显：他真诚地相信自己最终也许会买一只布丁；而我也确信，他一点也不觉得自己是在欺骗商店。可怜的老头儿！很可能他已经家道败落。从前他是有钱来选购他最喜爱的布丁的，而今却只能这样来品尝一下布丁的味道了。

为圣诞节忙着采购商品的顾客个个喜形于色，看上去都很富裕。老人矮小的黑色身影在这群人中间显得很可怜，很不相称。我突然动了恻隐之心，走到他跟前说：

“请原谅，先生，能赏我个脸吗？让我为您买一只布丁吧。如果您肯收下，我将不胜欣慰。” 他往后一跳，仿佛被什么东西蜇了一下似地，他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨得通红。“对不起，”他说，其神态之高傲，远非我根据其外表所能想像得出，“我想我跟您并不相识。无疑您是认错人了。”于是他当机立断，转向女店员，大声说道：“劳驾把这只替我包扎一下。我要带走的。”他指了指最大的、也是最贵的一只布丁。

女店员从架子上取下那只布丁，动手包扎。这时，他掏出一只破旧的黑色小皮夹子，开始一个先令一个便士地数着硬币，把它们放在柜台上。为了保住“面子”，他被迫买下了他实在买不起的东西。我多么希望能收回我那些不得体的话啊！然而为时已晚，我感到此时惟有走开才是最积德的事。

“请您到那边账台上去付款，”女店员告诉他，但他却好像没有听懂，只管把硬币往她手里塞。打这以后我再也没有看到这位老人，也没有听到过有关他的情况。现在他再也不会到那家商店去品尝布丁了。

Unit8 发现了母亲为他藏好的圣诞礼物男孩起先很高兴。但接着他就开始担心，妈妈将因此失去给他一个惊喜的喜悦。他该怎么办呢？ A Magician at Stretching a Dollar 那年的十二月，圣诞节临近了。一天下午，妈妈在外面上班，妹妹多丽丝在厨房里，我为了找一枚安全别针而开门走进了妈妈的卧室。因为她的卧室门正对着共用的走廊，她总是把门锁着，但我因为需要别针，便从藏钥匙的地方取出钥匙，打开门，走了进去。只见靠墙立着一辆低压轮胎的、大的黑色自行车。我一下子就认出了它。这正是那摆在巴尔的摩大街一家商店橱窗里一直让我羡慕不已的二手车。我甚至还问过这辆车的价钱。简直贵得吓人。差不多要十五块钱。妈妈想办法凑足了首付款，打算在圣诞节早晨拿这辆自行车给我一个惊喜。

这一发现让我深为感动，然而想到这样闯进她的卧室，从而剥夺了她在圣诞节那天见到我又惊又喜时的欢乐，我又感到厌恶。我本不想知道她这个可爱的秘密；但像这样偶然地发现了它仍然使我觉得好像重重地打击了她的欢乐一样。我从她的卧室退了出来，把钥匙放回原处，认真考虑着该怎么办才好。

我决定，在现在和圣诞节之前这段时间里，我必须不动声色，绝对不可露出一点蛛丝马迹暗示我已令人讨厌地知道了此事。我必须谨言慎行，不能让她知道我已掌握了她的秘密。必须想尽一切办法让她在圣诞节那天享受到看见我极为惊讶时的快乐。

在我不受干扰的卧室里，我开始构思并试验种种表示喜悦的惊叫：“哇噢！”“一辆低压轮胎的自行车！我真不敢相信！”“我是世界上最最幸运的男孩！”等等。这些话都大大归功于比如由米基?鲁尼主演的电影，片中男孩子看到他们最不着边际的梦想得以实现时都这么说。我很快便意识到，因为我缺乏演戏的天才，在我不由自主地想大声喊出发自肺腑的爱时，所有这些话听上去都会显得很虚假。或许最好是什么也不说，而是看上去惊喜得连话也说不出来了。不过，我也没有把握。我在电影里也看到过说不出话来的感激，但直到演员们设法哭出几滴无声的眼泪时才真正起到作用。我怀疑自己能否适时地哭出来，于是便开始思考别的表示无言惊讶的方式。在卧室里，我手拿镜子，试着做出各种各样的表情，嘴巴张得大大的，眼睛瞪得圆圆的；双手猛地捂住脸颊使下巴不至于落下来，双臂抱着自己，咧开嘴大笑，把全部牙齿都露出来。这些动作和一些别的动作我练了好几天，但对任何一个动作都没有把握。我决定等到圣诞节早晨再说，看能不能自然而然地做出什么动作来 ……

那年的圣诞节早晨，妈妈一早就把我们叫醒了，“看看圣诞老人带来了什么，”她只是用一般的口吻说，借以表明我们都不小了，知道圣诞老人是谁了。我带着送给她和多丽丝的礼物从我的卧室里走了出来，多丽丝也带着她送给我们的礼物走了出来。妈妈送给我们的礼物已在夜里放在了圣诞树下。有几个用彩纸包好的小包，一个给多丽丝的大玩具娃娃，但却没有自行车。我当时看上去一定很失望。

在我打开包的时候，妈妈说：“看来圣诞老人今年对你不太好吗，老弟。”果然这里只有一件衬衫和一根领带。我嘴上说了些半心半意的话，什么“重要的是这番情意”等等，但心里感到的却是极度的失望。我猜想也许是她发觉自行车太贵，又把它送了回去。

“等一下！”她大声喊道，一边还打了个榧子。“我睡房里还有样东西我竟忘了个一干二净。” 她出去了，不一会儿就推着那辆低压轮胎的大的黑色自行车回来了。结果我也不必假装了。我们三个人——多丽丝、妈妈和我——都是那种性格内敛、不会感情激动地表达爱的人，但我还是做了一件让妈妈和我都大吃一惊的事。我情不自禁地伸出双臂搂住她，吻了她。“好了，好了，别大惊小怪了。只不过是一辆自行车嘛，”她说。

不过，我还是知道她很高兴，就像我看到她那么高兴我也高兴一样。

Unit9 这是一篇幽默小品。但读完以后你一定会发现，作者写这篇文章是极为严肃的。Is There Life On Earth ? 本周金星上群情激动异常。金星上的科学家首次把一颗卫星成功地送上了地球，此后卫星便不断地发回信号和照片。

卫星对准发射的地区叫曼哈顿（是以金星上伟大的天文学家曼哈顿教授命名的，在两万光年之前该教授用望远镜首次发现了这个地区）。

由于天气条件极为有利，信号极为清晰，金星科学家们从而获得了有关载人飞碟能否在地球上着陆的宝贵资料。于是，有关方面在金星理工学院举行了一次记者招待会。

“根据上周发射的卫星所提供的资料，”佐格教授说，“我们已经得出结论：地球上没有生命。” “这您是怎么知道的呢?”《金星晚报》的科学记者问。

“首先，曼哈顿地区的地球表面均由坚固的混凝土构成，那里什么东西也无法生长。另外，大气层中充满了一氧化碳和其他致命的气体，任何人呼吸了这种空气都不可能幸存下来。” “这对我们的飞碟计划来说又意味着什么呢?” “这意味着我们必须随身携带我们所需要的氧气，这样一来，飞碟就要比我们原先计划的重很多。”< “你们在研究中有没有发现其他什么危险呢?” “请看这张照片。诸位看到在地球表面上方飘浮的这片深黑色的云层吗？我们把它叫做爱迪生联合电气公司带。虽然我们还不知道它含有什么成分，但是它很可能会给我们带来许多麻烦，我们还必须做更多的试验，然后才能把金星人送往地球。

”这边，诸位可以看到像是一条河似的东西，不过卫星探测的结果表明它已被污染，河水不适于饮用。这意味着我们必须自己带水，这就会给飞碟增加更多的重量。“ ”先生，照片上那些小小的黑点是什么?“ ”我们也不清楚。它们好像是一些沿着某些轨道运动的金属微粒。它们排放气体，发出噪音，而且不断地相互碰撞。那儿有很多这样的轨道，很多这样的金属微粒，要使飞碟在那儿着陆而不被某一颗微粒撞毁是很难办到的。“ ”那些笔直竖立的石笋状凸出物是什么东西?“ ”它们是某种夜间会发光的花岗岩结构。格洛姆教授把它们叫做摩天大楼，因为它们好像已经擦到了天。“ ”如果您所说的都是事实，那飞碟计划不就要推迟好多年吗?“ ”是的，但一俟格拉布斯塔特贷款基金会把追加的资金给我们，我们就会立即实施这一计划。“ ”佐格教授，既然地球上没有生命，那我们为什么还要花费亿万个零元向那儿发射飞碟呢?“ ”因为如果我们金星人能学会在地球的大气层中呼吸的话，那我们就可以在任何地方生存了。“

Unit10 我是在几年前，从在纽约格林威治村碰到的一个女孩子那里第一次听到这个故事的。这故事很可能是那些每隔几年就会重新出现，以一种新的说法再被讲述一遍的神秘的民间传说中的一个。然而，我依然愿意相信这故事确实曾在某个地方、某个时间发生过。Going Home 他们要去洛德代尔堡——三个男孩子和三个女孩子。他们用纸袋装着夹心面包和葡萄酒上了公共汽车。当纽约灰暗寒冷的春天在他们身后消失时，他们正梦想着金色的海滩和大海的潮水。

公共汽车驶过新泽西州时，他们开始注意到了文戈。他坐在他们前面，穿着一套不合身的便服，一动不动。他风尘满面，让人看不出他有多大岁数。他不停地咬着嘴唇内侧，表情冷淡，默默无言。

深夜，公共汽车驶抵华盛顿郊外，停进了霍华德?约翰逊餐馆。所有人都下了车，只有文戈除外。他像生了根似地坐在座位上，几个年轻人开始诧异起来，试图想像出他的身世：他或许是位海船船长，或是一个抛下妻子离家出走的人，再不就是一个回家的老兵。当他们回到车上时，一个女孩子便坐到他身边，作了自我介绍。

”我们要到佛罗里达去，“她兴高采烈地说。”听说那儿的确很美。“ ”是的，“他轻声说道，仿佛想起了他一直想忘却的什么东西。

”想喝点酒吗？“她问。他微微一笑，就着瓶子喝了一大口。他谢了谢她，又缩回去一声不响了。过了一会儿，她回到自己一伙人身边，而文戈则打着盹睡着了。

第二天早上，他们醒来，车已停在另一家霍华德?约翰逊餐馆外面。这一次文戈进去了。那女孩一定要他跟他们坐在一起。他好像很害羞，要了杯不加牛奶的清咖啡，在年轻人喋喋不休地议论着露宿沙滩的乐趣时，他却紧张不安地在抽烟。回到车上以后，那女孩又跟文戈坐在了一起。过了一会儿，他慢吞吞地、不胜心酸地讲起了他的身世。他在纽约坐了四年牢，现在要回家了。”你有太太吗？“ ”不知道。“ ”你不知道？“她问。

”是这样的，我在坐牢的时候曾写信给我妻子，“他说。”我告诉她我要离开很长一段时间，要是她受不了，要是孩子们老是问这问那，要是这事太让她伤心，那她可以干脆忘掉我。我会理解的。我说，再找个男人，忘掉我吧，——她是个很好的女人，真的挺不错。我告诉她不必给我写信。她没有写。三年半没有给我写信。“ ”你现在什么也不知道就这样回家？“ ”嗯，“他羞答答地说。”噢，上个礼拜，当我得知我的假释即将获准时，我又给她写了封信。我们过去一直住在杰克逊维尔不远的布伦斯威克，就在镇口有一棵大橡树。我告诉她，要是她没有别的男人，要是她还想让我回去，就在树上系一条黄手绢，我就会下车回家。要是她不要我，就当没这回事好了——不要系手绢，我就跟着汽车一直到底。“ ”哇，“女孩子叫了起来。”哇。" 她告诉了别的人，很快大家全知道了，大家全都关注着布伦斯威克的到来。他们看着文戈拿给他们的几张照片，是他妻子和三个孩子的照片——从那几张触摸过多的快照上看，那女人自有一种朴实的美，孩子们还没有发育成熟。

他们离布伦斯威克只有二十英里了，年轻人都坐到了车右边靠窗的座位上，等待着那棵大橡树的出现。文戈不再张望，他绷紧脸，仿佛正在鼓足勇气准备迎接另一次失望似的。

离布伦斯威克只有十英里了，只有五英里了。突然，所有年轻人都从座位上站了起来，尖叫着，呼喊着，大声嚷嚷着，跳起了欢乐的舞蹈。只有文戈除外。

文戈坐在那儿望着橡树惊呆了。树上挂满了黄手绢——二十条，三十条，或许有几百条，一棵树立在那儿就像欢迎的旗帜在迎风招展。在年轻人的欢呼声中，这位前犯人慢吞吞地从座位上站起来，向车子前部走去，准备回家。