第一篇：毕业论文语言学研究参考话题（模版）
语言学研究话题：
1.Sexism as Reflected in the Chinese and English Languages 2.Lexical Items as Means of Cohesion in English Texts 3.Lexical Cohesion in English 4.On English Oration as a Variety of Language 5.The Polite Language in the English Language 6.Reflection on the English Taboo Word 7.Remarks on Modern American Slang 8.The Different Usage of American Folk Language and Modern American Language 9.A Comparative Analysis of British and American English 10.An Account of Advertising Language Stylistic Comparison Between Broadcast News and Newspaper News 11.News Headlines: Their Features and Style 12.Stylistic Features of News Reporting 13.A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Body Languages 14.Influences of Chinese Dialectic Accent over English Pronunciation 15.A Contrastive Analysis of English and Chinese Intonation 16.Note on Ambiguity of English Language 17.A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Proverbs 18.A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Idioms 19.A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Idioms 20.Cursory Examination on English Onomatopoeia 21.On Commonization of Proper Nouns in English 22.Noun-Verb Conversion in Contemporary English 23.Syntactic Functions of Prepositional Phrases 24.A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Prepositions 25.On the English Verbal Fillers 26.On the English Negative Sentences 27.On the English Verbless Sentences 28.On Simplification of English Sentences A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Existential Sentences Positions of Attributes and Adverbials in English and Chinese: Comparative Study 29.Studies in English Sentences of Implied Condition 30.Tentative Study of Syllepsis in English 31.The Way of Expressing Emphatic Ideas in English 32.On the Revival of Dead Metaphor 33.Tendency of Modern Linguistics 34.Latin’s Influence on the English Vocabulary in the History Perspective 35.The Recognition of Componential Analysis and Its Application 36.On English Language Historical Changes 37.On English Vocabulary Acquisition 38.My Study on Complimenting
A 39.An Exploration of Body Language 40.The Linguistic Characteristics of Advertising English 41.A Survey on Loan Words of English 42.Death Metaphors in English 43.A Philosophical Approach to the Origin of Pragmatics 44.The Pragmatic Functions of Intonation for Language Acquisition 45.The Change of English Word Meaning: Factors and Types 46.Ways of Child Language Acquisition The Application of PP(Polite Principle)in Business English Communication 47.CP（Cooperative Principle）and Business English Interpretation
43.从合作原则看英语广告中模糊语的运用及解读
44.《荆棘鸟》的写作风格特点---一项基于语料库的分析
45.浅谈VOA经济新闻中模糊限制语的应用及语用功能
46.西方世博英文报道的情态取向的功能分析——一项基于语料库的对比研究 47.从言语行为理论看汽车广告语的取效性
48.中英动物习语的文化内涵差异比较----以猫头鹰和燕子为例 49.英语广告中蓄意歧义的美学效应
50.从语言的模糊性看英汉谚语中数字的语用功能
51.新课程理念下高中英语阅读课堂提问的策略探究---基于一堂公开课的个案分析
52.从违反CP原则的视角看英语幽默的信息解读——以美国情景剧《成长的烦恼》为例Decoding Humorous Remarks from the Perspective of CP Violation-----Taking US Situational Sitcom Growing Pains as an Example 53.英语同义词语义的成分分析研究及其对英语教学的启示A Componential Study of Semantic Meaning of English Synonyms and its Implications for ELT 54.关联理论视角下英语广告双关语的解读 A Relevance-Theoretic Interpretation of Puns in English Advertisements 55.论模糊限制词语在女性演说辞中的语用功能
A Study of Pragmatic Function of Fuzzy Words in Female Speech 56.从言语行为理论角度浅析马克吐温《汤姆索亚历险记》中称谓语的语用功能 57.从China Daily观政治新闻报道的时髦词特点 58.浅析俚语在美国亚文化群中的使用及其成因
59.网络英语的词汇语言特征及对其应持有的态度
----以聊天室，QQ, BBS为例 60.浅析英语经济新闻语篇中概念隐喻的功能 61.当诗意邂逅商业——解读诗型广告之意境美
62.汉英数字文化内涵比较及其成因探究----以三、四、十三为例
63.中国大学生英语书面语错误分析实证研究 64.浅析英语广告语中违反合作原则的现象 65.从礼貌原则看中英恭维语的语用失误 66.小议英语谚语中的性别歧视现象
67.从违反CP原则的视角看英语幽默的信息解读
---以美国情景喜剧《老友记》为例
68.浅析英汉颜色词的文化内涵及其差异的成因---以黑、白为例
69.从“龙”是否更名之争看中国特色文化的翻译 70.英汉反语的识别及其语用功能
71.从违反合作原则看委婉语的信息解读 72.英语广告中的修辞效应——以双关为例 73.年龄因素在中国儿童二语习得中的作用 74.对言语行为分类的诠释与创新
75.从认知角度看中西方礼貌原则及文化差异
76.论英汉动物隐喻的喻体对比及其成因---以牛、马为例
语言现象： 模糊语、歧义、俚语、禁忌语、隐语、网络英语、性别歧视、刻意曲解(Deliberate Misinterpretation)、委婉语、称呼语、颜色词、称谓语、数字词、动物习语、谚语、礼貌语、等等
修辞：隐喻、明喻、仿拟、拟人、排比、顶针、反语等
理论： 关联理论、合作原则、礼貌原则、面子理论、认知理论、跨文化交际等等
第二篇：语言学毕业论文参考题目
语言学毕业论文参考题目
一、现代汉语
1．略论“了1”与“了2”的语法功能差异
2．“还”、“又”、“也”的功能比较
3.汉语副词“一直”、“一向”比较研究
4．“从来”、“历来”、“向来”比较研究
5.程度副词“十分”、“非常”句法语用研究
6．简析“差点儿”和“差点没”的关系
7．说“一点儿”与“有点儿”
8．“名+名”语法小类试析
9．试论汉语概数表示法的多样性
10．现代汉语语气副词的功能分析
11．汉语词类研究述评
12.“相当”语法化过程及个人在语言约定论中作用辨析
13．谈谈状语的非常规位置及其作用
14．语法知识在作文批改中的运用（体会）
15．语文教学中的语言分析（提示：中学语文教学存在重文学轻语言的倾向，语言分析往往孤立进行，如何综合内容及篇章进行语言分析，分析要领及原则是什么？试以具体的课文分析为例，展开具体论述。）
16．文学语言的规范与变异（提示：文学作品的语言的运用往往不合一般的语法。这些超出常规现象有些是积极的修辞现象（变异），有些是消极的语病（不规范），如何确立和运用区分变异与语病的标准？请搜集具体语言材料加以分析论述。）
17．人民日报中的语言失误分析（搜集报中文字、语、句等语言失误现象并进行分析，也可就其他某一较有影响的报刊搜集材料而分析，题目作相应改动。）
18.现代汉语中的“使动用法”
第三篇：汉语语言学研究 -
汉语语言学研究
绪论
汉语作为第二语言教学对汉语研究提供了一个全新的视角，同时也对语言观念提出了巨大的挑战，从根本上动摇了传统的语言观，语言不仅仅是交际工具，语言结构只不过是冰山漂浮于水面上的一小部分显性结构，绝大部分隐性结构都隐藏于水面之下，并且制约着语言的分布和组合、聚合规则。尤其是像汉语这样缺乏外在丰满形态的孤立语，这就是汉语难教、难学、难写的根本原因。具体来说，汉语的语法缺乏明晰的显性规则，语法标记飘忽不定，隐现难测。语言内涵及其功能的丰富性和复杂性，迫使我们对语言的理解远远超越交际工具的狭隘范畴。语言差异其实不仅仅在于结构上的差异，归根到底根源于认知方式、认知策略、认知视角方面的差异。外语学习绝不仅仅是记住几百个语言结构、几千个词汇那么简单。汉语的类型学特征的确非常独特，但是语言的结构特征并非制约第二语言学习者的根本障碍。就外语学习的困难来看，根本问题出在我们对语言本质的认识和视角的偏差上面。
就本质而言，语言不能仅仅理解为交际的工具，语言蕴含着特定的认知方式、认知视角、认知策略。一方面要复制固有的认知模式、语义结构、句法结构进行程式性编码，另一方面根据新的语境对认知模式、语义结构、句法结构进行一定程度的创新（隐喻、转喻、借用、类推、语用推理、结构整合），从这个意义来看，学习一门外语，实际上是认知方式、认知视角、认知策略的转换和创新。这就涉及到对语言的多视角认识。随着人们对语言研究的深入，尤其是认知科学的发展，建构主义学习论越来越强调认知在语言建构过程中扮演的角色和发挥的作用。正如Eve Sweetse（2002）所言，只有通过认知和心理状态及言语行为的隐喻路径的考察，才能发现并理解这样的事实：某些表征物理状态和活动的词语可能会成为表征抽象意义的词语的源域„„我们通过对社会和物理世界的理解来塑造逻辑和思维过程的标准模式；同时，我们不仅把语言的标准模式塑造为对世界的描述，而且将语言塑造为行为，甚至塑造为认识或逻辑实体1。综合结构主义、言语行为、认知心理学等理论，我们认为对语言的认识应该立足于结构形式、意义、交际功能等多维度不同视角，这就是“结构-功能”语言观。
符号说明
*表示该结构不能独立成句。
？表示该结构在句法或语义、语用方面作为句子合格度不高，须借助于一定的语境条件才能有条件地使用。
第一讲“结构-功能”互动语言观 1 Eve Sweetser 2002 From Etymology to Pracmaticds Metophorical and Cultrual Aspects of Semantic Structure.Peking University Press.Cmbridge University Press.(21)
关键词
替换关系；变换关系；组合关系和聚合关系
第一节 传统语言观遇到的问题与挑战
课前查阅文献并思考：
1、有人认为语言就是一种交际工具，有人认为语言的内涵超越了工具的范畴，语言与文化、认知方式和认知策略密切相关。根据你学习外语的经验，你如何看待这个问题？
2、语言学有哪些学派？不同学派的研究目标、研究方法有哪些不同？
3、对于形式主义和功能主义的理念和研究方法上的对立，你有什么看法？你在研究中将采取什么态度？
4、有一种观点认为，汉语没有语法，或者说汉语的语法规则不明晰，隐性规则多，因此汉语第二语言教学无需语法。你对此是赞成还是反对，为什么？
5、有人认为，语法就是大家普遍遵守的语言习惯，不同民族的语言习惯不同，语法也自然不同。譬如：
（1）a这些商品都在降价处理。b*这些商品都降着价处理。
（2）a我在做衣服给他穿。b*我做着衣服给他穿。
（3）a他在教我开车。b*他教着我开车。
（4）a*在听音乐跳舞。b听着音乐跳舞。
（5）a*老师在抱一摞书走进教室。b老师抱着一摞书走进教室。
“着”、“正”、“在”某些条件下彼此可以替换，有时候不能替换，有人认为这完全是习惯，无需找出、也难以找到原因。再如：
（7）A昨天大家非常愉快。B*昨天大家非常愉快了。
（8）A我以前很喜欢电子游戏。B*我以前很以前喜欢电子游戏了。
（9）A玛丽昨天很想家。B*玛丽昨天很想家了。
（10）A*玛丽又想家。B玛丽又想家了。
（11）A*玛丽太想家。B玛丽太想家了。
既然上述句子当中“着”“在”“了”的使用条件不同，汉语第二语言学习者只需一一记住这些习惯就可以了。你同意还是不同意？为什么？
6、《联合早报网》2010年2月20日撰文《从“洋泾浜”英语联想到上海世博会》
为了迎接2010年上海世界博览会，上海已启动了世博会倒计时运动，清理整顿各方面的不“和谐”问题。
当然，与游客亲密接触最多要数公共场所的中英双语标示牌了。此举本意在于为国际游客提供便利，谁知望文生义、随便翻译，出现了许多令人不知所措或捧腹大笑的“洋泾浜”英文。
在通往洋山深水港的东海大桥上，赫然竖着一块英文标牌：DO NOT DRIVE FATIGUE（别驾驶疲劳），“疲劳” 怎么能“驾驶” ？看了中文才明白，原来是“严禁疲劳驾驶”。
在被誉为中华第一街的南京路，把“拿铁咖啡” Coffee Latte 逐字硬译成“Take Iron Coffee”，拿了铁的咖啡。将“收款机” 按同样路数译成“Accept Silver Machine”（接受银制品的机器）。
在城隍庙一家老字号饭店，广告牌上特色小吃“蟹粉小笼”被译为“Crab Pink and Small Basket”（螃蟹、粉红色和小篮子）。
以上这些“中式英语”在上海公共场所屡见不鲜。为什么逐字翻译英语会出现Chinglish？
语言不是符号系统吗？英语和汉语既然都是符号系统，翻译过程中按照词语意义互相对译为什么会出现牛头不对马嘴的问题呢？看来，语言并不是符号那么简单和单纯。因此，我们的语言观和方法论也应该做出调整。
一百年前《马氏文通》的作者马建忠认为，中国贫穷落后的原因，在于掌握知识的载体——汉语太难，“隐寓”在汉语中的“规矩”（语法规则）没有被揭示出来。一百年过去了，汉语的规则是否都揭示出来呢？
案例一
*我把电脑买了我把电脑买回来了我把电脑卖了
*我把电脑开了我把电脑开开了我把电脑关了
*我把鞋穿了我把鞋穿上了我把鞋脱了
*把这座山爬了把这座山爬遍了把这座山炸了
*我把圆明园走了我把圆明园走遍了联军把圆明园烧了*把他打量了把他上下打量了几眼把他解雇了
*我把抽屉找了我把抽屉找遍了我把抽屉扔了
*把电话号码记了把电话号码记住了把电话号码忘了
*我把他恨了我把他恨透了我把他得罪了
*我把信写了我把信写完了我把信撕了
*把手套拣了把手套拣了起来把手套扔了
*把脏水过滤把脏水过滤了一下把脏水倒了
与此相关的问题：
（1）李明喝了咖啡。
（2）咖啡李明喝了。
（3）李明把咖啡喝了。
（4）李明买了咖啡。
（5）咖啡李明买了。
（6）*李明把咖啡买了。
上边六个句子的意义和语用价值有何不同？合格条件是什么？
案例二
A1 醒过来/抢救过来/喘过气来/明白过来/回过神来
B1 死过去/昏过去/晕过去/背过气去
A2*醒过去/*抢救过去/*喘过气去/*明白过去/*回过神去
B2*死过来/*昏过来/*晕过来/*背过气来
A3死去活来
B3*死来活去
案例三
我昨天就来了——*我昨天才来了——昨天才来了三个人
我昨天很想家——*我昨天很想家了——我昨天又想家了
案例四
“湖里漂着一只小船”和“湖上漂着一只小船”有什么异同？
案例五
普通话当中，“V完了”和“V好了”意义相近，有时能够彼此替换，如：
AB
作业做完了。作业做好了。
词典用完了。词典用好了。
汽车修完了。汽车修好了。
替换后意义尽管有一定差异，但都可以成立。然而有些情况下替换受到限制：
CD
存款全花完了。*存款全花好了。
这种词典早就卖完了。*这种词典早就卖好了。
上次买的稿纸用完了。*上次买的稿纸用好了。
EF
*椅子摆完了，坐下照相吧。椅子摆好了，坐下照相吧。
*你要的咖啡冲完了，快喝吧。你要的咖啡冲好了，快喝吧。*去还是不去，你想完了就告诉我。去还是不去，你想好了就告诉我。“V好了”和“V完了”在什么条件下可以替换？二者的分布以及适用范围存在哪些对立和交叉？
案例六
A1从书包里拿出书来A2*拿出书来从书包里
B1把书放进书包里B2*放进书包里把书
案七
老师：你正在学汉语，还学什么英语?
学生：我想学美国英语，不想学澳大利亚英语。
老师：你那么忙怎么能学英语？
学生：我跟美国老师学英语。
老师无疑而问，实际是否定，无需回答。学生理解为老师有疑而问。
上述挑战、困惑、难题只是冰山一角，我们能够解决的问题远少于目前不能解决的问题。语言观决定学习策略和教学策略。要达到上述目标，首先要调整语言观。
第四篇：06级毕业论文语言学
06级毕业论文语言学：
1.浅谈非语言交际中的身势语
Body Language on Nonverbal Communication
2.浅论英汉语被动句的异同
A Brief Study on the Meaning of Similarities and Differences between English and Chinese Passive
3.英式英语与美式英语的对比分析
The Distinctive Analysis between British English and American English
4.隐喻理论在词汇教学中的应用
The Application of Conceptual Metaphor Theory in Vocabulary Teaching
5.二语习得中的个人因素
Personal Factors in Second Language Acquisition
6.对比研究下的英汉新闻语篇中的语法隐喻
Grammatical Metaphor in English and Chinese News Contrastive Approach
7.英语诗歌语言的修辞美
The Rhetorical Beauty in the Language of English Poetry
8.英语口语交际能力形成的培养
The Formation of Communicative Competence in Oral English Training
9.美国黑人英语特色研究
The Phonological Features of American Black English
10.法律新词在英语中的应用
The New Legal Words Used in English
11.从词汇方面分析英语中的性别歧视语
Analysis on the Glossaries of Gender Discrimination from the Lexicological Aspect
12.英语中的否定句
On the English Negative Sentences
13.非言语交际中的面部表情的特征
The Signs of Facial Expression in Non-verbal Communication
14.词义演变的原因和方式
On the Causes and Ways of Evolution on Word Meaning
15.言语行为理论对语言教学的影响
The Influence of Speech Act Theory on Language Teaching
16.从交际功能看英汉委婉语
A Comparative Analysis of English and Chinese Euphemisms from the Perspective of Communication Function
17.论文摘要的语类结构分析
The Analysis of Generic Structure in English Thesis Abstract
18.语言环境对二语习得的影响
Influence of Language Environment on Second Language Acquisition
19.公共演讲的文体特征
Stylistic Features of Public Speech
20.关于英语幽默的文化特点的研究
A Study of Cultural Features in English Humor
21.浅谈科技文中动词名词化现象及其翻译
The Analysis on Nominalization in EST and Its Translation
22.语境在话语理解中的作用
On the Role of Context in Utterance Interpretation
23.运用词块法记忆英语单词的实效研究
On the Effectiveness of Chunks in the Memorization of English Words
24.试论动词-ing形式在中学教学中的应用
The Study of V-ing Form and Its Application to Teaching in Middle School
25.英语写作目的与写作风格之间的联系
The Relation between English Writing Purpose and Its Style
26.青年流行语及其社会文化心理探微
Research on Vogue Words and the Related Social Cultural Psychology of the Young
27.关于肢体语言的研究
Study on Body Language
28.从美国总统奥巴马就职演说辞看其演说的文体风格
Stylistic Analysis of the Inauguration Speech of American President Barack Obama
29.论广告英语中的句法特征
On Syntactic Characteristics of English for Advertising
30.母语习得与二语习得的对比
The Comparison between Native Language Acquisition and the Second Language Learning
31.浅析英语句子的歧义性
An Analysis on Ambiguity in English Sentences
32.语用失误及其策略研究
33.会话含义初探
Analysis of Conversational Implicatures
34.交际中性别差异的研究
Study of Gender Differences in Verbal Communication
35.浅析母语对二语习得的影响
On the influence of mother tongue on the second language acquisition
36.论语境在话语理解中的作用
The Function of Context in Language Interpretation
37.浅谈模糊语的语用功能及其应
Analysis of Pragmatic Functions of Vague Language and Its Application
38.英语歧义现象初探
The Analysis of Ambiguity in English
39.论英语中的性别歧视现象
On Sexism in English
40.动物词的中英文化内涵对比
Different Connotation of Animal Words between English and Chinese Culture
41.沉默在英语会话中的运用及影响因素
The Use of Silence in Conversation and its Implication
42.英语新闻的批判性分析
A Critical Analysis of English News Reports
43.英语词汇中的外来语词汇的演变
The Developments of English Loan Words
44.英语新闻标题的特点分析
The Characteristics of English Newspaper
45.关于英语习语文化内涵的探讨
A Study of English Idioms from the Perspective of Culture
46.浅析英语中的歧义现象
A Brief Discussion on Ambiguity in English
47.语境对词义的影响
The Effect of Context on the Meaning of the Words
48.交际中的说谎探究
A Study of Lying in the Communication
49.形态学探究及在翻译中的应用
Exploration on Morphology and Its Using in Translation
50.浅析英语双关语在广告中的语用功能
Analysis on the Pragmatic Function of English Puns in Advertisement
51.试论反语的幽默属性和语用功能
On the Humor Features and Pragmatic Function of Verbal Irony
52.浅谈外交语言
A Study on Diplomatic Language
53.母语和第二语言阅读的认知体系差异
Differences in Cognitive System Between Mother Tongue Reading and the Second Language Reading
54.论法国文化对英语词汇的影响
The French Influence on English Vocabulary
55.浅析英语中存在的性别歧视现象
A Brief Analysis of the Sexism in English
56.政治委婉语及其修辞应用
Political Euphemism and Its Application of Rhetoric
57.原版电影与英语学习
Original Film and English Learning
58.浅析系统功能语言学对语言学习的影响
59.东北方言对英汉语音习得产生的影响
60.现代英语词汇衍变动因探究
61.浅谈英语语调
62.关于美国俚语功能的研究
63.提高外语学习中词汇习得能力的研究
64.现代仿拟创新研究
65.文化因素对语言交际的影响
66.认知视角下的英语隐喻分类研究
67.英语委婉语的交际功能
68.肯尼迪总统就职演讲的文体分析
69.浅谈英语歧义现象
70.对情景喜剧《老友记》的文体学分析
71.流行语对社会的影响
72.认知语境对话与的解释和制约
73.英语中的汉语借词
74.语篇中的衔接
75.从社会语言学的角度分析网络语言
76.英语中语言的性别差异小议
Gender Differences in the Use of English
77.语言的社会变体及其社会意义
78.英语模糊限制语的人际功能探究
79.英语习语的修辞分析
80.英语中外来语的形成及运用
81.浅析英语演变的整体性及其演变原因
82.解析礼貌原则及其文化特征
83.浅析言语行为理论
84.浅析英语中主要介词的功能
85.论广告英语的语言特点
86.论合作原则在翻译中的应用
87.基于合作原则的英语言语幽默分析
第五篇：英语专业毕业论文：社会语言学
The definition of Sociolinguistics and its Characteristic
外语系06接本6班 尹珊珊 24号
[Abstract]Sociolinguistics is a term including the aspects of linguistics applied toward the connections between language and society, and the way we use it in different social situations.It ranges from the study of the wide variety of dialects across a given region down to the analysis between the way men and women speak to one another.Sociolinguistics often shows us the humorous realities of human speech and how a dialect of a given language can often describe the age, sex, and social class of the speaker;it codes the social function of a language.[Key words] sociolinguisticssociolinguistics variationsocial function
[Content]Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used.It also studies how lects differ between groups separated by certain social variables, e.g., ethnicity, religion, status, gender, level of education, etc., and how creation and adherence to these rules is used to categorize individual socio-economic classes.As the usage of a language varies from place to place, and language usage varies among social classes.It is socialists that sociolinguistics studies.The study of language variation is concerned with social constraints determine language in its contextual environment.Code-switching is the term given to the use of different varieties of language in different social situations.Sociolinguistic differs from sociology of language in that the focus of sociolinguistics is the effect of the society on the language, while the latter’s focus is on the language’s effect on the society.While the study of sociolinguistics is very broad, there are a few fundamental concepts on which most sociolinguistic inquiries depend.Sociolinguistics is different from many of the other branches of linguistics in that it studies external as opposed to internal language.Internal language applies to the study of language on the abstract level, or in the head, put simply.External language applies to language in social contexts, or outside the head.This distinction is important, because internal language analyses, such as syntax and semantics, operate1
on the assumption that all native speakers of a language are quite homogeneous in how they process and perceive language.External language fields, such as sociolinguistics, attempt to explain why this is in fact not the case.These two approaches, while distinct, complement each other in practice.Understanding language in society means that one also has to understand the social networks in which language is embedded.This may apply to the macro level of a country or a city, but also to the inter-personal level of neighborhoods or a single family.Sociolinguistics as a field distinct from dialectology was pioneered through the study of language variation in urban areas.Whereas dialectology studies the geographic distribution of language variation, sociolinguistics focuses on other sources of variation, among them class.Class and occupation is one of the most important linguistic markers found in society.One of the fundamental findings of sociolinguistics, which has been hard to disprove, is that class and language variety are related.As can be implied from the example below, the working class tends to speak less standard language.The lower, middle, and upper middle class will in turn speak closer to the standard.However, the upper class, even members of the upper middle class, may often speak 'less' standard than the middle class.This is because not only class, but class aspirations, are important.Men and women, on average, tend to use slightly different language styles.These differences tend to be quantitative rather than qualitative.That is, to say that women make more minimal responses than men is akin to saying that men are taller than women.The initial identification of a women's register was by Robin Lakoff in 1975, who argued that the style of language served to maintain women's role in society.A later refinement of this argument was that gender differences in language reflected a power difference.However, both these perspective have the language style of men as normative, implying that women's style is inferior.More recently, Deborah Tannen has compared gender differences in language as more similar to 'cultural' differences.Comparing conversational goals, she argued that men have a report style,aiming to communicate factual information, whereas women have a rapport style, more concerned with building and maintaining relationships.Such differences are pervasive across mediums, including face-to-face conversation, written essays of primary school children, email, and even toilet graffiti.Communication styles are always a product of context, and as such, gender differences tend to be most pronounced in single-gender groups.One explanation for this, is that people accommodate their language towards the style of the person they are interacting with.Thus, in a mixed-gender group, gender differences tend to be less pronounced.A similarly important observation is that this accommodation is usually towards the language style, not the gender of the person.That is, a polite and empathic male will tend to be accommodated to on the basis of their being polite and empathic, rather than their being male.Sociolinguistics has drawn more and more attention since it became an independent discipline in mid 1960s.But scholars from various disciplines look at sociolinguistics from different perspectives, and carry out sociolinguistic study in different ways.This paper tries to understand sociolinguistics in terms of its definitions and the scope of sociolinguistic study to point out the lack of comprehensiveness in Fishman''s view on the definition of sociolinguistics.参考文献：《社会语言学概论》 戴庆厦主编商务印书馆
《社会语言学概论》 祝畹瑾编著湖南教育出版社.《语言学概论》 杨信彰高等教育出版社
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