农村初中英语阅读课教学的现状分析和对策

第一篇：农村初中英语阅读课教学的现状分析和对策

2012年行知杯参评论文

题目：农村初中英语阅读课教学的现状分析和对策

姓名：王文静________________________________ 学校：桑墟初级中学__________________________ 地址：江苏省宿迁市沭阳县桑墟初级中学________ 邮编：223643________________________________ 电话：0527-83250039_________________________

农村初中英语阅读课教学的现状分析和对策

摘要：阅读课教学是初中英语教学的重要部分,培养和提高学生的阅读理解能力,是初中英语教学的目的和任务。在新课程理念下，英语阅读教学的研究、学生阅读量增加、阅读兴趣、阅读技能的培养的意义已超出为了学生考试的意义。激发学生的阅读兴趣、提高学生的阅读水平对激发学生的英语学习兴趣、提高学生的英语水平有着积极的现实意义。本文主要探讨了现行初中英语阅读课教学的现状及存在问题,影响学生阅读能力的原因以及相应的对策。

关键词： 阅读教学 阅读习惯 英语阅读能力

英语阅读作为语言技能的重要组成部分，作为语言输入的主要环节之一，在英语教学中占有重要地位。阅读课教学的目的在于发展学生的阅读理解能力，提高阅读速度，养成良好的阅读习惯，及有效的获取书面信息、实现交际目的的能力，从而体验阅读给他们带来的愉悦、收获与成功。我国九年义务教育《全日制初级中学英语教学大纲》规定：“按照语言学习规律，学生必须吸收相当数量 的语言材料和经过一定量的语言实践，才能获得为交际运用英语的能力。”一定的语言交际能力，不单纯是对 语言知识的积累和使用，它还包括对所学语言知识的文化背景和社会知识的全面了解和掌握。因此，英语教学 必须增加语言实践的量，使学生获得充分的语言实践机会，不断加强听、说、读、写的基本训练，掌握为交际 运用英语的能力，从而提高英语教学的质量。阅读是我国学生接触外语信息、参加外语实践的重要途径。因而提高阅读能力是培养语言交际能力的重要方式。

一、目前农村初中英语阅读课教学的现状

1、偏重语言知识教学，忽视培养学生的阅读能力

由于传统教学观念和其它因素的影响，目前农村初中英语阅读课教学仍以教师讲解、学生笔记为主，学生缺乏阅读实践。大部分教师比较重视对学生进行语言点的讲解，如讲解单词、短语和句法，阅读课变成了语法分析课或单词讲解课，忽视了阅读能力的培养。遇到生词的时候，教师主要以讲解为主，忽视训练学生根据上下文推断词义的技巧，略读和跳读、预测等其他必要的阅读技巧。阅读能力也是语篇分析能力，包括了解上下文的逻辑关系、段落的过渡、衔接、文章结构、写作风格等等，这些常常被教师忽视。长期下去，阅读课就变成单纯的单词短语的堆砌；而在错误的指导下，学生习惯分析语言的细枝末节，就不重视对语篇的整体把握，分析、归纳、理解能力得不到提高。这种教学严重束缚了学生的英语思维和阅读能力的发展与提高。

2、教师忽视了课内阅读与课外阅读的关系

多年的英语阅读课堂上教师通常只讲解课文，所以学生的课内阅读时间是很有限的。然而课下学生有大量的时间可支配，在没有教师给予课外阅读指导的情况下，大部分学生只是随意或无目的地进行课外阅读，通常无法正确把握阅读材料的难易度、可读性，这种阅读是比较盲目的，不能达到很好地提高阅读能力以及获取知识的效果。

3、课程本身的问题

在英语教学中，阅读虽是语言技能的一部分，但学生阅读量和阅读时间得不到保证，阅读仅是体现于课堂教学中的一部分训练。在师资、课时、组织上得不到保障，没有明确的教学目标和教学计划，没有配套的符合学生年龄特点、认知能力的阅读材料。

4、忽视背景知识的传授，忽视情景教学。

学生不能在特定的环境下理解课文，使他们在阅读中无法根据相关知识理解材料，这导致理解率偏低。学生没能在具体的情景中掌握知识，决定了他们不能运用已学知识到具体的实践中去，最终导致学生英语语言交际能力水平低。

二、影响学生阅读能力的原因

教师的教学思想、教学方法及文化素养是影响学生英语阅读能力培养的根本原因。制约学生英语阅读能力提高的诸多因素中，词汇、语法、文化背景、阅读方法和习惯以及课外阅读方面的原因最具普遍性。

1、学生词汇量少 在新课标下，现在的阅读内容都是与时俱进，比较新颖的。但是现在的学生，尤其是农村的学生，他们的词汇量较少，一旦碰到一篇生词稍微多几个的文章，他们就会产生畏难情绪，不敢再往下读下去。还有，农村初中的学生对于阅读的接触也是比较少的，除了课本上和试卷上的几篇阅读文章外，他们几乎接触不到其他的阅读材料，所以他们的阅读输入量极为有限，因而导致他们做题时总感觉熟练度不够，难度较大。

2、阅读教学模式单一

教师在进行阅读课文教学时，仅拘泥于学生对所读材料的表层理解，使许多学生不能对所读文章的要点进行有效的推断，也不能正确把握文章的脉络，从而影响了理解的准确性。许多教师仍采用师生一问一答的教学方式，让学生回答的问题大多数是教师事先确定的，学生仍处于被动应付的局面。阅读教学很大程度上仅停留在以文章作为语言实体的基础上，把阅读材料作为用来传授语言知识（语音、词汇、语法等）的一种形式，以教师为中心，以词汇、语法为主线，过多地强调语言知识的传授，忽略了阅读文章所表达的信息。其结果是学生的发散思维和学习积极性未能得到很好的培养。事实表明，这种教学方法束缚了学生的英语思维和阅读能力的发展和提高。

3、未能把语法与课文阅读有机地联系起来

不少教师在进行阅读教学中“谈语法色变”，未能引导学生借助语法正确理解句子，尤其是缺乏对长句、难句、省略句及意思晦涩句的理解与分析，影响了学生对阅读材料全面、正确的理解，也阻碍了学生获取文章的内涵信息，致使学生理解复杂句、省略句和晦涩句时经常出错。

4、在处理阅读材料中出现的生词和歧义词时指导不够

如何处理阅读材料中的生词词义和歧义词是使许多教师感到十分棘手的问题，许多教师片面追求阅读教学时的“整体理解”，舍弃了对词汇的教学，只是在阅读前有关词汇匆匆略讲而过，而且只涉及词汇的一般词义，忽视了词汇在语篇中的特定含义。语篇以词汇为基本单位，词汇依托于语篇产生特定的语境意义，有时对一个词或一个短语的理解有误就会导致对一个段落甚至对整篇的理解产生偏差。

5、有限的文化素养水平影响了对学生阅读能力的培养

过去大部分中学英语教师对外来文化接解很少，对英语文化了解更是有限。由于受应试教育的影响，在英语教学中许多教师把英语课上成了知识课，忽视了语言的工具性与人文性的特征。这样，长期以往培养出的学生就会对英语国家的历史、地理、风俗习惯、生活方式及有关的背景知识掌握不够全面、扎实和系统，结果只能形成英语教学上的恶性循环。其次，不少英语老师对英语语言所反映的英语文化缺乏敏感性和洞察力。虽然今天生活中英美文化信息越来越多，但他们不能敏锐地意识到，更难以理解深刻并有把握地运用到自己的教学中。这样难免会阅读材料中缺乏对学生进行英语文化知识的适时指导，从而影响了对学生阅读能力的培养。

6、阅读方法和习惯的原因

阅读方法是一个老生常谈的问题。因为，大多数学生已经知道这个问题的存在，但是在阅读过程中，会因为受不良习惯的影响而导致阅读速度提高不快。在阅读时，看到文章要确认其题材；要找出文章的中心段以及每段的中心句；采取整体阅读、跳读结合法等等。另外就是在阅读时，眼睛的“视度”问题，即：在阅读时，一下子所注意到的文字长度是一个单词还是两个，是一行还是一目十行，在习惯性的“视度”内，所看到的中心词是否明确，这项技能是需要阅读者长期训练才能具备的，它同样能够帮助学生提高阅读速度，是技能，更是习惯的养成。

鉴于以上六种原因，教师应更新教学观念，改变教学方式，采用不同教学策略，指导学生阅读，为日后学生自我阅读奠定坚实的语言基础和良好的阅读习惯。

三、根据对新课程标准的理解和阅读教学的现状的分析，结合平时的教学实践、研究，解决初中英语阅读课存在的问题有如下策略：

1、激发学生学习英语的兴趣，让学生“愿读”、“悦读”

教师应注意教学内容和教学形式的趣味性，以培养学生的学习兴趣。学习兴趣可根据不同的教学内容和学习阶段来培养。只要学生对一样东西的学习有了兴趣，学起来也就事半功倍了。而可悲的是，英语这门学科，很多学生对其不感兴趣，认为读起文章来跟看天书一样，太难学。因此我认为作为教师，我们不应该再局限于文章本身，一味地对文章语法进行讲解，对文章意思进行逐字逐句翻译，把阅读课上成语法课。而应该在教学之前，努力设计一些与文章内容有关，而又能激发学生兴趣的问题，让他们能够积极主动地参与到阅读课堂当中来，让他们成为这个课堂的主角。其次，改进教学方法并灵活运用多种形式的教学手段，也是提高阅读教学的有效方式。阅读课的首要任务当然是“读”，但讨论同样重要。组织有序的课堂讨论，对课堂教学的效果必将起到积极的作用。另外，利用各种各样的多媒体手段、英语报刊杂志、原声影像作品等也能丰富英语课堂，很好地吸引学生的注意力。

2、采取有效的词汇记忆技巧，增加词汇量的积累

每个单词都不是孤立存在的，它一定与其他词汇存在着多种关系，比如说同义关系、反义关系，或是同根词、派生词等。所以我们在学习词汇的时候要时刻注意词汇间的相互联系，训练发散思维。其次，我们还可以在一定的语境中学习新单词，通过语境和上下文我们可以更好地掌握新词汇。

3、注重课堂阅读与课外阅读的有机结合

阅读有别于一般的知识课，也不同于简单的技能训练，不但需要陈述知识的传授，还需要大量的操练。阅读量越大，学生积累的背景知识就越多。更易于形成提高阅读能力的良性循环。然而，如果只限于每周两节的阅读课的课堂学习，这一目标显然难以实现。因此，我们应该坚持课内外结合的原则，教师结合课堂学习，有计划地指定课外阅读材料，并定期检查，评定成绩，使课外阅读具有真正积极的现实意义。

4、注重阅读习惯的养成

好的阅读习惯有利于提高阅读的质量，不良的阅读习惯会降低阅读的速度，影响读者对文章的理解，难以让人体会到阅读的乐趣。因此我们应在改变学生现有不良习惯的基础上，对其进行良好习惯的培养。教师要想改变学生不良阅读习惯，课堂内的阅读训练就显得尤为重要了。

(1)摆脱对词典的依赖

一方面，加强猜词能力的训练，由浅入深，进行根据上下文猜测词意或句意以及泛读理解大意的训练，帮助学生克服阅读时对生词的恐惧心理。

(2)用英语思维的习惯

学英语时应尽量摆脱母语的影响，每当看到或接触到什么时，应尽可能用英语描述或用英语联想。

(3)经常练习的习惯

要掌握英语，就要付出时间和精力。必须日日坚持，不可中断。利用学生手中的阅读材料，让他们坚持每天读两篇小文章，日久天长形成了良好的习惯，并督促他们持之以恒。

(4)广泛阅读的习惯

广泛阅读有助于扩大词汇量，丰富语言知识和了解英语国家的社会文化背景。要掌握一门语言,必须进行大量阅读。阅读是获取语言知识、增强语感和扩大知识面的最可靠的渠道。

总之，阅读在初中英语中占据着重要地位。它有助于巩固和扩大词汇，丰富语言知识，提高语言的运用能力。因此，作为教师，我们应该尽力让阅读课堂出效果，提高学生的阅读能力，这也可以使广大学生对学习英语增强兴趣和自信心。教师要坚守在阅读循环圈的核心，全程引导学生阅读，通过合作与分享促使孩子爱上阅读，习惯阅读和思考。当英语阅读成为一种习惯，成为一种需求，则英语学习也将成为一种享受。

参考文献

［1］刘宏刚、卓新贤.中学英语教师开展英语学习策略培训情况的调查及反思［J］.基础教育外语教学研究，2004（03）

［2］杨大亮.基础阶段英语阅读课程教学之我见［J］.中华现代教育，2007.10 ［3］程菁华.教材指导下的阅读教学［J］.中小学外语教学，2004，（6）：15-18.［4］吴洪月.中学英语阅读障碍调查及能力提高［J］.基础教育，2008，（1）：121.

第二篇：初中物理教学的现状分析和对策

初中物理教学的现状分析和对策

物理作为—门自然学科，有其独特性和科学性，通过物理学的学习可以了解自然界的规律，认识事物发展的本质，理解科学的内涵，使学生的学习方式发生改变，从而培养学生的科学探究精神和科学态度，树立正确的人生观和价值观。因此，初中物理教学要以学生的发展为本。培养学生的创新精神和实践能力，促进学生素质的全面发展，使物理的社会价值得以体现。

一、初中物理教学的现状分析

由于K期以来受应试教育的影响，学生学习物理的方法简单、机械，认为学习物理与文科一样死记硬背即可；受数学学科影响，有畏难情绪，认为学习物理很烦，很难，对学习物理不感兴趣；加之教师在教学过程中过于追求升学率而实施题海战术，造成教学方法单一，学生学习物理的心理压力大，忽略学生的思维发展和心理发展规律，忽略物理学科的特点，从而扭曲了学生的学习物理的心理。教师的教学行为直接影响着学生学习物理的积极性。

I．教学观念滞后，制约学生人生观、价值观的形成。长期以来，由于受心试教育的影响，人们说的足素质教育，做的足以试教育，绝大多数教师过分强调教师的主导作用，淡化学生的主体作用，教学方法陈旧，抑制厂学生的发展，忽视对学生能力培养和学生非智力因素的发展，忽视学生的科学态度和科学精神的培养。

2．教师教学方法单一，制约学生的思维发展。人多数教师的教学方式为讲授型，其教学手段传统、教学方法单一，重点足对知识的传授，对教学过程中教学方式和学生的学习方式的研究少，学生的学习主要是听教师讲和按教师的要求去做，使学生的学习处于被动接受状态，很少有自主学习的权利，这种陈旧的教育方法最终导致学生越学越不爱学，教师越教越难教的状况形成。

3．教师评价方式单一，忽视学生的能力培养，制约学生的全面发展。虽然素质教育实施已几年了，但绝人多数教师仍没摆脱应试教育的阴影，对学生的评价仍然是以分数来作为评价的唯一标准。在教学过程中，大搞题海战术，实施的是以教师为中心的“满堂灌”式教学，忽视学生能力的发展，大纲所要求的演示实验和学生实验均给以淡化。叫学生做笔记、记结果。没有让学生去认真细致的探究，从而失去了学生学习物理的意义，淡化了物理学科的自身特点。

4．繁重的学习压力，制约学生的心理健康发展。在应试教育思想影响下，繁锁的资料和做不完的作业，给学生造成了极大的学习压力和心理压力，这些因素直接影响着学生的学习态度、学习兴趣和学习动机，制约着学生身心的健康发展。

二、初中物理教学所面临的形势

新课程在给初中物理教学带来新理念的同时，也给教师的教学带来更高的要求和挑战，主要表现在：

1．教育观念的更新。在新一轮基础教育课程改革实验中，对如何培养人和培养什么样的人，均提出了明确的要求：它要求教师必须树立以学生为中心、以课堂为中心的理念，加强学生的创新精神和实践能力的培养，在教学中不仅要注重知识的系统传授、技能的培养，而且要关注学生的学习方法、态度、情感与价值观的培养，要将物理与生活紧密联系，树立全人发展观。

2．教学方式的变革。科学技术的突飞猛进，信息技术给教育带来了更大的空间，学生获取信息和知识的途径不再是单一的书本，他们可通过网络或其他途径进行信息沟通和获取知识，因而教师在传授知识和获取信息等方面要同学生相互的交流，变“教堂”为“学堂”，建立一种平等互动的师生关系，树立以学生为中心的教学观。

3．教学内容的变化。与传统教材相比，现行教材无论是从知识的广度，还是知识的深度均比旧教材有较人的变化，它更加注重物理的科学性、趣味性和实用性，将先进科学技术纳入物理课堂，将生活中的物理引入课堂，如激光、原子钟、神奇的眼睛等，这些变化不仅给物理教学带来了新鲜血液，而且给教师的教学带来了新的压力，要求教师不仅要深刻领会和理解课程标准，而且要认真钻研教材，重新熟悉新教材的知识体系，重新把握教学的度。

三、初中物理教学的对策

随着国家基础教育课程改革实验的进一步推进，初中物理教学也面临着一场全新的革命。要适应新课程改革实验，为社会培养更多的具有创新精神和实践能力的人才，就必须更新教育观念，转变教学方式，掌握先进教育方法，切实推进素质教育。

1．树立以学生的发展为本的观念。课程改革的核心环节是课程的实施，而课程实施的基本途径是教学，教学是教师的教与学生的学的统一。现代教学论指出：教学过程是师生交往，积极互动，共同发展的过程，在传统教学方式中，由于师生关系中普遍存在教师中心主义和管理主义倾向，使课堂教学变得机械、沉闷和程式化，缺乏生气和乐趣，严重束缚厂学生学习的自主性，伤害了学生的自尊心和自信心，使学生对学习物理兴趣和欲望得到抑制，为了激发学生的学习积极性，培养学生的独立性和自主性，使学习成为在教师的指导下主动的富柯个性的过程。教师在教学中，应转变角色，给自己合理定位，充分发挥自己的主导作用。

(1)以学生为主体，建立平等的师生关系。

教学过程作为师生相互交往，积极互动的共同发展过程，建立新型的师生关系是实施教学改革的前提和条件，良好的师生关系足实施教学的催化剂。因此，教师在教学中，首先要树立教育民主的思想，真诚对待学生。要承认学生作为“人”的价值，尊重学生的人格，保护学生的自尊心，对学生的独特个性行为表现给予接纳以及需要的满足。为学生创设良好的学习环境和条件，让学生自由充分发现自己，展现自己。其次要展现个人魅力，个性感染学生。调动学生的内驱力是实现教学日标的首要条件，教师要通过不断完善自己的个性，用真诚、负责、宽容、幽默等优秀品质去感化学生；使师生间心与心沟通，形成一种和谐、融洽的师生关系，不

断的调动学生的内驱力，从而为教学的地创造和谐、宽松的教学环境。

(2)以教师为主导，构建新型的教学方式。

新课程不仅要求教师的观念更新，而且要求教师的角色转变，要改变教师中心、书本中心、课堂中心的三中心观，倡导学生是学习的主体，教师是学生学习的促进者和学习能力的培养者。要求教师把主要精力放在对学生学习兴趣的激发和各种能力的培养上，将重心放在如何促进学生学习上。首先，注重科学探究，培养科学精神。初中物理知识由于它来源于生活，运用于生活，与学生的生活联系十分密切。教师在教学中要注重对学生的科学态度和科学精神的培养，让学生通过对学习知识的过程体验扶取知识。如在学习声音的产生及传播时，先要启发学生思考，提出问题，再让学生通过实验的探究让学生去探究声音的产生和传播过程，最后明确声音的产生和传播的条件。其次，当好向导，培养学生的学习能力。初中物理知识由于涉及面广，科学性较强，勺生活联系紧密，学生学习物理知识的态度，爱随时间的推移而发生变化。教师要根据学生的心理特点和知识体系时时加以引导，帮助学生树立学习的信心；帮助学生没汁恰当的学生活动和形成有效的学习方式，为学生营造和维持学习过程中积极的心理氛围；帮助学生发现白己的潜能，让学生在快乐中学习，在创造中学习，为学生当好导师。

(3)以活动为载体，培养学生的综合素质。

随着社会的发展，学校渐渐地不再只是社区中的一座“象牙塔”，而是越来越广泛地与社区发生各种各样的内在联系。学校的教育活动逐步走向社区，社区的教育资源也为学习的教育活动开展提供了保障。因此，教师在教学中要引导学生开展社会实践活动，培养学生的实践能力。如结合教学内容开展本地区噪声的污染与防止水资源的利用与保护等调查活动。

2．树立评价足为学习服务的观念。教帅在教学中心克服计价的单一性，关注计价的土体，初中阶段学生的思维处于由经验型向理论型的过渡时期，学生的抽象思维仍在大脑中占一定的优势，他们对物理知识的学习主要依靠经验支持，学生学习物理的心理也是变化的。因此，初中物理教学只有将学生学习物理的终结性评价和形成性计价有机鲇合，才能使学生健康成长。

(1)倡导计价主体的互动化。在教学过程中要注重评价方式的多样化，计价主体的互动化，加强学生的白计、互评和家长评，形成老师、家长、学生积极参与的开放性的评价方式，学生进行全方位评价，帮助

学生树立学习的信心。

(2)倡导计价内容的多元化。新的课程理念更加注重学生的情感、态度、价值观的培养。物理作为一门自然学科，对学生的科学态度和科学精神的培养尤为重要，在对学生的评价上不仅要关注学生的学业成绩，而且要关注学生的学习态度和学习情感。尊重学生的个体差异，注重对学习个体发展独特性的认可，并给予积极的评价，使学生树立学习的自信心。教师要通过建立学生学习成长册、成长袋定期对学生的学习态度、学习方法、学习成绩进行多角度、全方位的评价，激发学生的学习兴趣。如对学生的作业、回答问题、方案没汁、作品制作、实验操作等的综合考查。

(3)倡导评价的动态化。初中学生的生理心理正处于发展变化的高速期：客观、公正的发展性评价不仅有利于学生的健康成长，而且有助于教学计划的顺利实施，因此，教师在教学中要对学生的学习过程进行评价，要针对个体差异确定不同目

标，使学生的内在潜力得到充分挖掘，帮助学生成长。

3．树立以学科整合为导向的教学观。现代信息技术的发展为课堂教学拓宽了更大的空间，使教师的教学方式发生改革，为学生学习物理创设了最理想的环境。

(1)利用现代信息技术构建物理模型。利用现代信息技术可将抽象的物理概念、物理规律变得形象具体，构建山较理想的物理模型，使学生将抽象思维变为形象思维。如在电路连接时可通过虚拟电路模型，让学生分清电路中导线的分点、合点，认识电流的路径，在物质的组成和微观教学中，可通过原子和空间模型的构建使学生对原子结构、宇宙空间等抽象概念更加形象具体，形成感性认识，从而加深对知识的理解。

(2)利用现代信息技术建立：新型教学方式。《新课程标准》明确指出：学生的直接经验和学校的实验条件都是十分有限的，切合学生学习实际的音像资料是卜分必要的。初中物理教学不论是实验教学，还是理论教学都有必要让通过现代信息技术手段进行。通过现代信息技术教育，学生不仅可以了解物理教科书以外的物理知识，扩大学生学习的知识面，如物理学史，物理学家简介，生活中的物理等，而且可以给学生提供更多的空间和机会，培养学生的自主学习的能力。因此，在教学中，充分利用现代信息技术使课程空间扩大，树立大课程

观。

4．树立教学与科研相结合的观念。新课程要求教帅应该是教育教学的研究者，一方面新课程所蕴含的新理念、新方法，并且新课程实施中所出现和遇到的问题又需要通过教学活动的开展去解决。另一方面，教师要以研究者的心态,置身于教学情景之中，以研究者的眼光审视和分析教学理念与教学实践中的各种问题，使其形成规律性的认识，为教学活动的顺利开展提供理论依据。

(1)开展课题研究，提高教学水平。教师需发展的观念不断的针对教学实践活动而开展学研究，是提高教师理论水平和对自身进行行为反思的有效途径，加强对学生的学习心理、学习困难以及课堂教学研究，有助十教师转变观念，改进教法，制定有效的教学措施。通过教学研究活动的开展使自己由“经验型”教师转变为“学者型”教师，不断提高自己的教学水平，形成自己独特的教学风格，以适应教学改革的需要。

(2)开发课程资源，提高教学效果，新教材中充分体现现有资源的应用，更加注重知识的应用，它通过迷你实验室和实践活动等小栏目为教学提供更多的教学资源，教师在教学中要充分利用生活、学习中的资源，开展教学活动，组织学生开展各种形式的实践活动。同时，因地制宜开发教学的资源，加强学科间的期研究，使物理教学更具社会性。如生活中的物理知识和进行简单小制作、小实验等，让学生进行探究学习，培养学生的学习积极性，使教学效果不断提高。

在新课程理念的背景下，初中物理教学方式和策略的优化是每位教师应思考和实施的教学行为。只有根据物理学科的特点，合理运用教学方法和手段，才能达到最理想的教学效果，切实提高教育教学质量。舞阳中学沈侠

第三篇：农村初中英语口语教学现状分析与对策探讨

农村初中英语口语教学现状分析与对策探讨

[摘要] 农村初中生英语口语学习还存在着不少问题。这其中既有学生自身的原因, 又有教师和环境的原因。本文提出了消除学生的心理障碍, 激发学生口语学习的动机, 提高教师素质, 改善教学条件, 改进教学方法, 开展课外活动创造学生说英语的环境等解决对策。[关键词] 农村初中英语口语学习

新一轮基础教育课程改革将英语口语教学放在了更加突出的地位。我国的初中英语口语教学在城乡之间存在着巨大的差距。《英语新课程标准》特别强调要培养学生综合运用语言的能力, 英语教师应该加强口语教学。对于很多农村初中生来说, 英语是一个相对薄弱的科目, 英语口语学习也存在诸多问题。本文主要是对农村初中生英语口语学习存在的问题及如何有效地改进农村英语口语教学作了一些探索。

一、农村初中英语口语教学存在的问题(一)学生方面

1.说英语的动机不强

英语口语学习既是一个认知过程, 也是一个情感过程。英语口语学习的成败除了学习环境、自身的语言能力以及教师的教学风格和教学水平之外, 还涉及学生本身的情感因素。而在学生的情感因素中, 学习动机是决定英语口语学习成败的关键。总体来看, 农村初中生英语口语学习动机偏弱。这其中有很多原因, 如: 农村初中生对英语口语学习价值认识不够;没有端正自己的学习态度;口语学习目的不明确;教师不重视口语教学;没有说口语的环境等。

2.对说英语有心理障碍

首先, 很多学生在英语口语课堂上表现出胆怯心理。这样的心理问题常常导致学生在口语表达上的障碍, 一张口就紧张, 一紧张就语无伦次。久而久之,形成条件反射, 进而更加惧怕发言。其次, 相当一部分学生由于英语基础差, 或者发音不标准, 存在着严重的自卑感。最后, 有的学生在口语课堂上不愿采取积极主动的态度。很多学生在课堂上趋向于随大流、缺乏表现欲。这样一来, 课堂上大部分学生基本不开口说英语。(二)教师方面 1.专业教师短缺

很多高等院校英语专业的毕业生不愿到农村去任教, 造成农村初中缺乏高素质、高水平的英语专业教师。在有些学校, 英语专业毕业的教师少之又少甚至没有, 很多英语教师是跨专业的, 甚至存在一个教师同时上英语和其他主科的现象。

2.英语教师口语水平不高

农村初中大部分英语教师口语较差, 又缺乏有效的口语能力培训, 课堂口语用量少, 严重影响了学生口语交际能力的培养。现行的考试制度和评价体系尚不完善, 许多教师为了让学生听得更“ 明白”, 学得更“ 彻底”, 索性用普通话甚至方言教学, 而且整个课堂全是词汇、句型和语法的讲解和练习。学生在英语语言交际上则成了“ 哑巴”。学生掌握的是抽象的语法规则, 记忆的是一大堆没有用过的词汇。最终学生做习题的能力得到了提高, 而听、说、读的能力并没有得到锻炼。3.教学理念落后

许多农村英语教师缺乏学习教学理论的热情, 他们一味凭自己的感性经验教学, 往往一种教学方法一用就是几十年, 不会随着现实情况作出相应的改变。有的教师想对自己的教学做出改变, 但由于任课偏多,工作量大, 没有时间去钻研教学理论, 连开展必要的集体备课、评课等教学研究活动的时间都很难得到保证, 教研氛围可想而知。

4.教师没有充分利用现有教学设备

许多教学方法的落实都必需借助一定的教学设备。如在口语课堂上, 磁带、录音机、光盘、VCD 等是最基本的口语教学设备。这些设备一般的学校都具备,可是有的英语老师不重视利用, 有的觉得放录音麻烦,领到了配套教学磁带和录音机也不放给学生听。在条件稍好的农村中学配有幻灯机或多媒体教室, 但由于大部分英语教师没有机会参加培训, 操作这些设备显得很困难。5.教学方法不当

英语口语教学有其特殊性。注重英语的交际性,需要教师和学生的共同参与。口语课的好坏与教师的教学方法紧密相关。如教师什么时候纠正学生的错误是一个很值得探讨的问题。有的教师认为在口语课上的一个重要特点是“ 挑错”、“ 纠正”, 并认为这是严格要求学生的表现, 其实口语教师最主要的任务是帮助、鼓励学生开展口语活动, 用各种方法达到学生口语练习的最大实践量。对于学生的错误要区别对待,不能“ 有错必纠”。在口语课上有的教师没有耐心聆听，基础差的学生说英语, 随意打断学生说英语, 这极易挫伤学生说英语的积极性, 会让更多的学生不敢开口说英语。(三)环境方面

农村初中英语教学条件差。目前, 部分学校有录音机、VCD 机、电视机等电化教学设备, 只有极少数学校建有语音室和电教平台, 与教材相关的配套材料缺乏。英语教师上课基本上是一本书、一支粉笔, 最多加一台录音机。教学条件简陋, 加上农村学生接触课外英语的机会甚少, 在这种环境下要说一口流利的英语是不大现实的。

二、农村初中生英语口语学习困难的解决对策(一)消除学生的心理障碍

师生间的情感关系是师生关系一个极为重要的方面, 它对教学过程、教学效果以及师生关系的全面发展都产生重要作用, 是教学过程中的重要变量之一。良好的师生关系可以消除学生的心理障碍。学生对他们喜爱的老师, 总会伴随着某种信赖感, 这种信赖感可以给予教师的教学以潜在的魅力, 即“ 亲其师, 信其道”, 它可以排除各种障碍, 产生积极的反应, 从而实现以情促知、以知增情、情知交融。在这样的课堂教学中, 学生想开口、敢开口, 能够营造一个良好的英语口语表达氛围。

(二)激发学生口语学习的动机

动机是激励人们去行动的内部动因和力量, 它包括个人的意图、愿望、心理冲动或企图达到的目的等。对学生来说, 学习动机在学习中发挥着重大作用。英语口语学习的好差与学生的学习动机有极大的关系。学生如果缺乏对说英语的兴趣、求知欲、好奇心等动机因素, 就难以形成经常说英语的习惯。因此教师要引导学生树立正确的目标, 采用灵活的教学方法, 通过新颖的内容, 消除差生焦虑情绪, 提高他们的成就动机水平, 培养他们说英语的兴趣, 使他们感觉到说英语是一种享受, 最终产生强烈地说英语的动机。(三)壮实教师队伍, 培养高素质口语教师

英语教师在农村相对短缺, 加上有些优秀英语教师因为工资待遇低, 生活和工作条件差, 流失到沿海发达地区。要想搞好农村英语口语教学, 壮大农村英语教师队伍是首要解决的问题, 这需要当地教育主管部门及学校管理部门出台相应的政策, 引进大量的英语教师, 并用合理的激励措施吸引和留住优秀的教师。除了要吸引教师、留住教师, 还要逐步去培养优秀的教师。培养高素质的英语教师, 应从两方面着手。一方面教师要注重自我提高。教师要有自我提高意识,在教学实践的基础上要不断的总结教学的得失, 理出一套既有特色又切合实际的口语教学方式。另一方面学校要组织教师参加培训。把对如何使用英语组织教学和如何恰当、有效、简洁明了地使用课堂英语进行上课作为培训重点。(四)添置教学设备, 改善教学条件

由于受经济条件的限制, 农村初中英语教学条件整体上还很落后。多数学校只给英语教师配备了一部录音机, 许多农村初中没有一个语音室, 与教材配套的教学资料、图片等也没有。要提高农村中学英语口语教学质量, 首先, 农村初中英语教学迫切需要国家及各级政府的投入, 加强英语教学的配套设施建设,努力改善英语教学条件。其次, 农村初中教师要合理利用现有的教学设备, 尽量让学生多听纯正的英语。(五)改进教学方法

1.努力创设说英语的氛围, 增加学生的听说量。

英语教师应该尽可能为学生创造英语学习环境。如在课堂教学中, 应尽可能使用英语教学, 最初运用比较简单的英语口语, 随着词汇量的增加, 口语的容量可以逐渐的增大。

2.面向全体学生, 尊重学生。教师要尽量让每一位学生都敢于“ 张开嘴巴”。英语教师应针对不同层次的学生安排难度不同的任务, 让每一位学生都能开口说;同时老师应密切关注学生的情感体验, 在适当的时候给予学生帮助, 在学生缺乏信心时给学生一个微笑, 向学生投去鼓励的目光。

(六)开展课外活动创造学生说英语的环境

课外活动是课堂教学的有益补充, 为了巩固和增强学生学习的效果, 教师应设计和组织内容丰富、形式多样的课外活动。如口语大赛、看英语电影等, 给他们更多的运用英语进行实践的机会, 为学生说英语提供一个更广阔的天地。

参考文献: [1] 罗运春.论情感因素在农村初级中学英语教学中的作用[J].农村教育研究, 2006 ,(3).[2] 任伟卿.农村英语学习与农村教育[ J].中国农村小康 科技, 2006 ,(7).[ 3] 闻群英.初中英语口语教学的开口秀攻略[ J].教学 月刊, 2006 ,(6).[4] 胡建成.农村英语教学面临的困难及思考[J].池州师专

第四篇：农村初中英语听力教学现状分析

CONTENT

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………..i 摘 要…………………………………………………………………………………………….ii 1.Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………1 2.Current situation of English listening teaching in rural areas………………………………… 2 3.Listening problem of junior middle school students in rural areas…………………………….2 3.1 The pronunciation problem....................................................................................2 3.2 Vocabulary problem...............................................................................................4 3.3 The lack of grammar knowledge.............................................................................4 3.4.Inadequate background knowledge.........................................................................4 3.5 Psychological problem...........................................................................................5 3.6 Inappropriate listening habits..................................................................................6 4.Strategies for helping students solve listening problem 6 4.1 To explore efficient method of listening teaching.......................................................6 4.1.1 Choosing the appropriate materials.................................................................7 4.1.2 Creating a harmonious atmosphere of teaching................................................7 4.1.3 Paying attention to teaching art......................................................................7 4.1.4 Making a variety of classroom activities.........................................................8 4.1.5 Organizing extra-curricular activities..............................................................8 4.1.6 Setting the scene..........................................................................................8 4.2 To strengthen students‟phonology...........................................................................8 4.3 To combine the four skills.......................................................................................9 4.3.1 Combination of intensive listening and extensive listening................................9 4.3.2 Combination of listening and speaking............................................................9 4.3.3 Combination of listening and reading.............................................................9 4.3.4 Combination of listening and writing............................................................10 4.4 To enhance cultural knowledge of English language.................................................10 4.5 To develop the independent awareness of studying about rural students......................10 4.6 To improve teaching facilities of English in rural area...............................................11 4.7 Other strategies....................................................................................................11 4.7.1 Expanding scope of reading..........................................................................11 4.7.2 Mastering skills..........................................................................................11 5.Conclusion 12 Bibliography 14

1.Introduction

The object of English teaching is to develop the ability of students‟ acquiring information and communicating with others.During the English teaching, it is true that listening, speaking, reading, and writing are four basic skills.However, listening is very important part of English teaching, and listening is basis for developing other skills and provides a basis for language learning.But it is also the most difficult of all the learning skills for learners to master.When listening, listeners follow the speaker, thinking about what the speaker is saying and what is going on in the mind of the speaker, guessing the speaker‟s opinions and attitudes and catching the true meaning of the speaker‟s words.Listening itself accounts for almost half of the commutative activities in one‟s daily life.In addition, learners should have the knowledge of phonetics, vocabulary and grammar.According to the status quo, on the other hand, the level of listening teaching is decreasing in the countryside.Many learners are afraid of listening, looking on it as more difficult than any other skills and pay much attention to training their ability to speak, read and write.The Result if this causing directly affects the activeness of students who study English listening after, and increase the difficulties of learning to listen.With the deepening if reform and open-up in our country, the distance between the poor and the rich is becoming more and more bigger.At the mostly rural countries, English listening class start with the junior middle school.It is believed that this is a key point that students are encouraged to exercise their ability to listen from this time.From now on, students must accumulate basic knowledge in case they cannot catch up with others after learning roads, for instance, in college.In view of this situation, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of English listening in rural country.In this article, we start with conditions of the middle school listening teaching, point out some problems and design some activities in the beginning of the class.Then we focus on some activities of teaching English listening and insist that the activities should be emphasized on the process of listening, rather than the result of listening.What‟s more, students should attach more great importance to the elementary knowledge, such as phonetics，assimilation, enough vocabulary, etc.In this paper, listening problem and strategies of junior middle school in rural area.We will discuss them in details in the follow parts: 2.Current situation of English listening teaching in rural areas China is a developing country.Its economic development is not balanced and production and living standard of rural are very low.Especially in rural country, lack of modern teaching facilities and making structure of teacher-resource unreasonable which affect directly or indirectly students‟ listening.And the pursuit of short-term examinations also influences English listening.Even most excellent teachers go to developed regions rather than staying at work in the countryside.3.Listening problem of junior middle school students in rural areas Listening is an important mean of language learning.It is one of the significant ways in English language communication.However,(RenXiaoping,2001：1-2)puts forward some statistics show that nearly fifty percent students regard listening comprehension as the most difficult part among all kinds of examinations.in the following parts ,listening problem of junior middle school students in rural areas will be explored.3.1 The pronunciation problem It is clear that “ Phonetics is defined as the study of the phonetic medium of language”, Dai Weidong proposed.(WangQiang，2002：35).If students want to listen and understand the general language materials, they must make every effort to listen and understand each word, which is very important.English, as a new language for Chinese students, usually appears some problems exactly on phonetics, such as the mistakes on pronunciation, intonation, and all kinds of skill like word stress, assimilation, etc.For instance, the phrase “tinned meat”, in the informal occasion, its pronunciation is described as /tin｀mi: t/.-Ed among tinned is omitted.The pronunciation of n assimilates /m/ just as following examples: That boy—thap boy

Ten people—tem people In English, Many short words have two or more than kinds of pronunciation: accented mode and one or more than one weak stress.The word in non-stress position of sentence usually appears with mode of weak stress.However, the word in stress position mainly appears with stress mode.But there are many exceptions, sometimes stress appears in position on non-stress Such as the following dialogue: A: You had better give him the key.B: I am going to do it.These two sentences in the pronunciation as follows: “Him” appears with weak stress.On the other hand, it is assimilated by give so that the pronunciation of these two words changes.But in the second sentence, “going to ”and “do” also appear with the form of weak stress.These changes of pronunciation caused the difficulties for the listener.Sentence stress is the relative strength or key point of words on pronouncing among sentence.When people speak, not every word is stressed.All in all, notional words are stressed, but functional words appear with weak stress unless the speaker intended for being emphasized.Good understanding function of sentences can help learners understand implied meaning of sentences in the process of listening comprehension.The following dialogue will serve to illustrate the point:(Man)Is anyone coming to class today?(woman)Relax.It is „barely „two.Question: What does the woman mean?

a.Only two people came to class so far.b.The man should take a nap.c.It is not very late.d.The teacher is too strict.The correct answer is c.The lady emphasizes “barely” and “two” in the dialogue.But some students think that he emphasize the reached number.In fact, the woman wants to express this meaning that it is too early to worry about the students‟ present situation.3.2 Vocabulary problem English has a wide vocabulary and it is a very flexible language.Size of English vocabulary, the proficiency of grasping and phenomenon of polysemy and homonym bring about a certain difficulties for students' listening comprehension.During the process of listening comprehension, listener should not only do the exercises of sound recognition, but also learn more vocabularies.As(Li Guanyi,2008:2-3)put forward that “Some English words have a common root but are used in very different senses.Consider human and humane, for example.Their origin is the same and their meanings are related, but their usage is distinct.A human action is not the same thing as a humane action.We cannot speak of a Declaration of Humane Rights —There is a weapon called a humane killer, but it is not a human killer.” For example, the following two sentences: a：She was fast asleep.b: She ran fast.“Fast” has different meanings in the different contexts.However, students usually make a wrong conclusion according to familiar words which they master.Sometimes using different words can express the different meaning.For example, “Dianti”, British use “lift”, but American use “elevator”;“Ren Xingdao”, British use “pavement”, But American use “sidewalk”.Besides, for instance, first floor, it represents the second floor in Britain, but in American it represents the first floor.3.3 The lack of grammar knowledge Some students have not solid grammar skills and idioms in listening so that they misunderstand the original meaning of sentence with fuzzy concept or misunderstanding grammatical structure of sentences.As the following examples: “It is unnecessary for you to go there.” In this sentence, if students do not know that unnecessary is antonyms of necessary, they will misunderstand this sentence, even the opposition to the meaning.So grammar can help students catch the implication of the vocal sounds, and understand them well, and it is also the essential condition of a whole passage comprehension.3.4.Inadequate background knowledge

Language is the medium of culture, and special culture produces different characteristics of the language background.In China, English is a foreign language(EFL), not a second language(ESL).Both students and teachers are doing their jobs under their condition which quit different from that such as in the US.Even most of articles on English listening textbooks were written by European or American.If students do know the social system, customs, way of thinking and values and so on about western countries, they will be difficult to understand the materials while listening.Consider an ignorant of foreigners for Chinese culture at all, for example.When he or she hears of moon cakes, dumplings, and couplets among Chinese traditional culture, we can hardly ask him or her to have a correct understanding for these.For example, the implication of Chunjie and Dizhu cannot be represented by the Spring Festival Landlord completely.Plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum is to Chinese what cowboy is to American.The core of culture is the spirit, including social system, customs, way of thinking and values and so on.China and the western countries including Britain and America, due to the difference of the geographical location, the existing social system, cultural formation and developing process, there are fundamental differences in this aspect.The different values construct different styles of communication and language behavior patterns between the East and West.3.5 Psychological problem

The process of listening comprehension is a very complicated psychological one.So it is very important of students to have a good state while listening.But linguists tell us that it is easy for one to produce frightens when he is at his nervousness.If students meet some words or sentences they do not understand by chance, they will have the fidgets, even some students are afraid of listening at the very beginning.It has designed a variety of obstacles about the important information, and lowered the degree of listening comprehension.On the other hand, the loudness and the articulating of the sounds, the noise made by inside or outside factors, etc, 6

may become barriers affecting the students‟ listening well.(ZhangQi,1996.10：1)put forward that “Psychological linguistics regards listening is involved with the perception of a language: Perception is to turn the voice into meanings, and it is an analysis of the language signal perception.The process of the language perception is an activity of the short-time memorization.”

How do the students overcome psychological factors? Firstly, teachers should attempt to organize their classes in English, what‟s the most important point, students can concentrate on their attention while listening.Secondly, using the first five minutes efficiently before the class, or the revision time, ask students to listen to the radios in English.Never be afraid of it.Psychological quality is quite important to do everything, so does listening comprehension.3.6 Inappropriate listening habits The main purpose of listening is to understand the general idea of the material.During the listening process, students should try their best to catch the main contents which the key point.For instance, some students cannot directly understand materials in English, but with the help Chinese, experienced the process of a heart translation.Besides, students usually do their utmost to get the meaning of each word, each sentences.Once they meet a new word or a difficult sentence, they will stop to think so that they cannot catch up with the speed any more.In fact, it is unnecessary to understand every word, every sentence, only should catch the main idea, that‟ enough.Therefore, it is necessary for teacher to point out the bad habits and then help the student from good habits.4.Strategies for helping students solve listening problem 4.1 To explore efficient method of listening teaching Teaching methods are an important part of improving the level of students‟ English listening.Students need to be instructed by teachers in the class.Then teachers should motivate students‟ activeness and stimulate students‟ enthusiasm for listening English.Meantime students should study pronouncing rules, listening skills and background of relative culture, etc.There are five ways in listening activities for teachers: choosing the appropriate materials, creating a harmonious atmosphere of teaching, paying attention to teaching art, variety of classroom activities, organizing extra-curricular activities, which will discuss in detail as follow: 4.1.1 Choosing the appropriate materials Before having the class, teachers must choose and analysis the materials.(Jeremy Harmer,2000:100)put forward that “Teachers need to listen the tape all the way through.That way, they will be prepared for any problems, noises, accents etc.That way they can judge whether students will be able to cope with the tape and the tasks that go with it.” By doing so, the teacher will know the length of the materials, the difficult points and the focus of the materials, so the teacher can decide in advance how to go with the teaching in class.4.1.2 Creating a harmonious atmosphere of teaching One kind of democratic, harmonious, loose classroom atmosphere let the students be at one kind of best study state.In the classroom a teacher's look or smile can bring certain influence to the student.Teacher is teaching with English.The teacher must use some body language according to the text content for letting students understand.Teachers should let students Participate in actively and initiatively to build up confidence.4.1.3 Paying attention to teaching art Another way is that the teacher can use some simple tools to stimulate students‟ interest for listening.First of all, it is crucial point that students‟ need must be met many tools which teachers use, including colored chalks on the blackboard, multimedia classroom and so on.These tools can create a vivid situation of English learning, and Stimulate and the cultivate students' interest for English learning.Taking advantage of multimedia technologies can make remote and strange environment convert colorful teaching situation so that students can get better comprehending and make students do their best to avoid the disturbances of mother tongue.Then the teacher should let the students speak English with beautiful pictures and melodious music.In a word, letting the student learn English in a state of happy is very

important.4.1.4 Making a variety of classroom activities Teenagers‟ hyperactivity and naughty is a normal psychological phenomenon.In English class, the teacher should grab the students‟ individuality to urge them to learn.In particular, it is very

important that the teacher organize class activities.(Wangqiang,2002：90)put forward that “This type of activity works very well as an information gap activity between pairs of students.” For example, one student draws a simple picture and then tells his or her partner how to draw it in English.Neither partner can look at each other‟s drawing during the task.After they have completed the task, they can compare their pictures to see how similar they are.4.1.5 Organizing extra-curricular activities Listening is not only trained in the class.The teacher should let students get out of classroom to contact outside environment instead of staying inside.So the extra-curricular activities are important mean of teaching, and it is good for increasing knowledge and opening horizons.Extracurricular activities organized purposeful can make students learn lively independently, and can also stimulate students‟ enthusiasm for learning.4.1.6 Setting the scene Another type of activity is to set the scene for the students.For example: picture, video, TV etc.Listening to passages in the classroom can be more difficult than listening in real life due to the lack of context.So the teacher can help provide the background information to activate learners‟ schema or illustrate the picture to help students to understand the main idea, so they will be better prepared to understand what they hear.4.2 To strengthen students’ phonology Teachers should strengthen students‟ basic training of phonology.On the other hand, students should study to distinguish vowels and consonants within words, to identify stress, weak stress and tone.And teachers should let students more contact with listening exercises of phonology and tone to eliminate the obstacles for phonology.All Ears made by Zhejiang Education Press is valuable training material

for listening.4.3 To combine the four skills 4.3.1 Combination of intensive listening and extensive listening Intensive listening and extensive listening are indispensible in the listening training.Intensive listening is to let students listen some materials again and again until students understand completely.For instance, the student takes measures to listen each sentence among the college entrance examination English listening in these years.Then they check and correct errors.Or the student can repeat material contents after listening, and answer relative questions in order to let teachers know the students‟ degree of mastering for materials.The purpose of extensive listening is to catch main idea, to listen different tones, to develop good sensitivity and clear and fluent speed of language and to enlarge knowledge.The teacher must cope with their relation between these.To sum up, extensive listening is the basis of intensive listening, and intensive listening is the deepening of extensive listening.What's more, using extensive listening drives intensive listening.4.3.2 Combination of listening and speaking.Listening and speaking are indispensible.The student must listen to understand in order to say.Only do students understand, they can say after that.Therefore, The teacher should organize actively students to use every chance to say English, and to use English to show themselves.However, the student should make full use of English Corner to exercise their oral English.Different tones in oral English can express different emotion, attitudes and meanings.Only do students more exercise, they can grasp that different tones show different feelings in the context.Furthermore, more exercises on oral English can make students better distinguish different tones which express different meanings.To conclude, speaking can improve listening, and listening can drive speaking.4.3.3 Combination of listening and reading Reading can develop the language sensitivity and the flow of speech while listening.The combination of listening and reading can make tong, structure and meaning get together, and reduce errors of judging.For teachers, they should let

student develop good habits of reading half hour each day while listening.All in all, whatever the materials of listening and reading are texts or passages, the student start with recording with words, then they can read with recording without words.At last, the student can be read synchronously with sensitivity and reading.4.3.4 Combination of listening and writing.The exercises of listening and writing are very important for improving the level of listening.Listening and writing are the process of brain labor that need needs the high attention of concentration with limited time and stimulates actively students‟ whole language knowledge.In the process of listening and writing, the student only understand directly and memorize, which can make the whole contents write down completely while listening.When a student can better take down contents which he or she listen, he or she will understand the content, hat‟s not a question.4.4 To enhance cultural knowledge of English language In communicative habits, a nation's cultural characteristics in language reflects mainly sentences with words and tone of Voice, therefore, must be considered the cultural factors in the language.Due to students' growth in rural area, so their knowledge of English culture is relatively scarce with information block.In view of this, the teacher must instruct consciously students know politics, geography, history, social system and so on.4.5 To develop the independent awareness of studying about rural students.The success of English teaching in college relies on students‟ independent awareness of studying.And the differences of student's individuality also require students to promote corresponding training in listening, speaking, reading, writing according to their specific conditions.Therefore, the independent training can help students' listening comprehension improve.Nevertheless, how should students do in junior middle school? Specifically speaking, teachers‟ duty is very important.As people, playing is children‟ nature, they are very active, especially junior middle school.They are hard to calm down if teachers do not stop them properly.So teachers should make reasonable plans in order to meet students‟ taste, and help them carry out plans.Gradually the student will form good habit after class.4.6 To improve teaching facilities of English in rural area It is true that listening teaching has taken place changes fundamentally for modern multimedia languages which make computer, VCR, recorder, projector, network and teaching software of listening, etc.put together and make images, audio, video, storage and transmission integrate.With the development of modern educational technologies, multimedia computer as the core of the foreign language teaching has become the developing direction of foreign language teaching reform.Therefore, national education sector and rural secondary school should change with the times, and attach importance to the English teaching of rural junior school.At the same time, they also increase investment in rural country, and improve teaching facilities, and recruit excellent teachers.4.7 Other strategies 4.7.1 Expanding scope of reading.Now listening is related to reading.The more students read, the higher rates of lexical reiteration become.Moreover, the student can avoid the process of a heart translation to digest directly material contents of listening.Generally speaking, if a student has few scope of reading, his or her speed of reading will be low.So their sped of listening is not fast, and their understanding is not deep.For teachers, they must make a point of reading training to improve speed of reading.Even they should guide students to avoid deliberating one by one word.It is proper that students can only catch main idea and grasp important details within limited time.The improvement of reading speed can promote acceleration of thinking tempo.In this circumstance, the student can keep up with speed of listening.4.7.2 Mastering skills Using listening exercises improves skills of listening and changeable abilities which is an effective way for English listening.At the beginning stage of listening training, the student can take notes.For instance, they should put down name, place, time, Age and so on in the materials.The objective of doing this is to regard these information gotten down as references.On the basis of this, students then use their

brain to memorize.Now students must pay attention to the training of micro-skills on listening, and catch the beginning and ending of articles to make their every effort to grasp theme and key sentence.At last, students should browse options on questions, and then predict the content and genre in the listening materials.For some implied problems, the student must make the most of their imagination and experience to understand, guess, promote, and notice the background knowledge and usage of English.If necessary, the student can use PaiChuFa to eliminate impossible answer.5.Conclusion In the final analysis, on one hand, we all know some problems which exist in the English listening are phonetics, stress , weak stress, etc.On the other hand, we also put forward some solutions to deal with these problems.Just as teachers change their practice activity they gain new insights about the learning potentials of their students.(Zhang Jianzhong,1999:290-297), “These success have encouraged teachers to preserve in their effort to design learning experiences that provide multiple entry and exit points for their students.” In fact, teachers did not teach the phonetics and phonology in the junior middle school.Main practice on listening is about the textbook which has a small part for training listening.But the listening teaching is limited, It must add some activities.In the listening activities, according to the certain purpose, it can choose different skills: scientific training on listening, harmonious atmosphere in the class, paying attention to teaching art, making a variety of classroom activities, organizing extra-curricular activities and so on.These types of activities can be designed into games, which are popular for student.Above all, we make a point of teachers‟ role.More importantly, we also cannot ignore students‟ importance.In most cases, students should even take the initiative to exercise listening.For instance, students should master skills, including cultural knowledge of English language, developing abilities of reading and writing, etc.Besides there‟s no exception that the government should make a point of education concerning rural country, for the government must provide substantial financial support and teaching equipment.In short, teachers play a important role of supervision, students play a

dominant role, and the government play a role of adjuvant in the junior middle school in the countryside for the improvement of listening level.If we excellently cope with the relationships between students‟ role, teachers‟ role and the government, we will not worry about improving the level of English listening.If they can perform their duties, the improvement of listening will not prove to be a problem in the junior middle school in the countryside.Bibliography

[1].Jeremy Harmer.How to teach English〔M〕.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2000.6:100 [2].Ren Xiaoping.Listening Barriers Among Chinese Students and Training Tactics〔J〕.延安教育学院学报，2001：1-2 [3].Zhang Qi.Psychological analysis in listening teaching and radio programs teaching〔J〕.云南教育学院报，1996.10：1 [4].戴炜冻 A New Concise Course on Linguistics for Students of English〔Z〕.上海：上海外语教

[5].李观仪 新编英语教程〔Z〕.上海：上海外语教育出版社2008.8 [6].王蔷 A course in English language teaching〔Z〕上海：高等教育出版社，2002.5：90 [7].章兼中 外语教育学〔Z〕.浙江.浙江教育出版社，1999.15

第五篇：农村初中学生课外阅读现状分析及对策.

农村初中学生课外阅读现状分析及对策

我是一名普通的农村初中语文教师，在日常教学中，常为学生单调贫乏的 阅读生活而苦恼。现行的初中语文教材中，每学期只有30篇课文，不过3万字左右而已，学生中少数人知道王熙凤、吴用是谁；百分之八十的学生不知“煮酒论英雄”、“智取生辰纲”是怎么回事，学生的阅读面、阅读量都达不到要求，即便他们词穷语拙饥饿难堪，也无心无趣去汲取课外书本的营养。我觉得造成这种局面有以下几点原因：

1、受家庭因素影响，学生对课外阅读缺乏足够的兴趣。长期的应试教育使良好的课外阅读家庭氛围难以形成。在家中，家长不能成为学生课外阅读的榜样，由于受自身条件的限制，劳作之余，家长很少去阅读书籍，也较少督促子女去博览群书。在他们的心目中能自觉完成家庭作业的孩子，就是一个乖孩子。他们对于“课外阅读”这一概念表示不解，觉得自己的孩子对书本上的知识都未吃透，还谈课外阅读是“不务正业”。

2、学校和教师未能给学生课外阅读创设充足的条件。除了家庭因素之外，由于受传统教育思想的影响,部分学校也不能为学生提供良好的课外阅读氛围。有的学校因为基础设施的配备相对简陋，没有设臵图书馆、阅览室，也就不能为学生的课外阅读提供良好的环境。而且部分老师难以打破围着教科书转的模式，很少鼓励学生去

看一些有益的书籍，甚至规定看课外书就是违反纪律，导致了课堂教学与课外阅读相脱节，造成课堂所学的学习方法无用武之地.也影响语文教学学生思路狭窄，难以有创新的思维，创新的内容。

3、课外阅读范围不广。在家长和学生的头脑中，一听说要买课外书，80%买的是优秀作文籍。学生课外阅读很少涉及中外名著、人物传记、科普读物，课外阅读的范围狭窄，由此不难看出，“家庭藏书量甚微”，“学生缺乏课外阅读资源”，也是导致学生课外阅读少的原因之一；

4、学生没有养成良好的阅读习惯，不少学生阅读书籍都是囫囵吞枣，粗粗浏览一遍即是阅读。很少做笔记，在15％做笔记的学生当中，也只是摘抄几个好词好句。

针对以上现状，我认为应从以下几个方面入手激发学生的阅读兴趣；

1、利用课本中的事迹激励，利用课本中人物树榜样。《音乐巨人贝多芬》中描述了音乐巨人贝多芬孤独了，全身心投入到音乐世界，创造了震撼世界的音乐；《闻一多的说和做》描述了他为了给衰微的民族开一剂救济药方，兀兀穷年，目不窥园，足不下楼，达到了忘我的程度；玛丽〃居里把物质的享受抛在脑后，全身心地实验，做了上千次试验，终于发现了镭；傅雷教导傅聪做一个“赤子之心”，“赤子之心”孤独了，就创造了音乐的新世纪。这些精辟的材料可激励学生跃跃欲试，启发他们严格约束自己，珍惜时间，专心致志多读书、读好书，以达到广泛阅读的效果。

2、抓住媒体契机，有效促进课外阅读。利用学生喜欢电视的特点，关注电视节目，由此引导他们读一些高雅的、健康的文学性书籍。如《西游记》、《红楼梦》、《水浒传》、《三国演义》、《中华成语故事》等等已经拍摄成为电视剧，可以利用此契机，渲染电视情节引导学生畅快的阅读原著，享受阅读原著的尽兴，促进学生阅读名著。

3、授之以渔，提高读书效益。“读书足以怡情，足以傅影，足以长才。”但漫无目的读书如过眼云烟；见书就读，如大海淘金，收获甚微。要培养学生阅读能力，老师就要亲临辅导，如帮助制定阅读计划，帮助其明确读书目的，端正其读书的态度（不能尽信书，多思、多疑），告诉其阅读方法：可全读，也可精读；可涉猎，也可不求甚解；可做内容摘要，也可做好句摘抄；可通读，也可跳读；可朗读，也可默读……

4、培养学生与他人交流学习心得的良好习惯。交流使模糊的问题清晰，触发出新思想的火花，可帮助学生领悟整体，体味局部充分感受读书的快乐。

5、树立阅读榜样，建立班级“图书馆”。抓班级课外读书典型，带动读书风气，建立激励机制（如积极读书分子）鼓励读书风气。在班级开展“自读、自荐”的良好读书网络，构建班级“图书馆”。总之，课外阅读应该更多地激发学生的上进心，使他们产生主动阅读的内驱力，逐步养成主动阅读的习惯；更多地激励思考，唤起学生的尊严感、成就感；更多地引导学生关注行为方式的变化，促进自我发展。