第一篇：九年级英语Happy Halloween教案1
九年级英语Happ Halleen教案1 Unit3HappHalleen
一、教学内容： Unit3HappHalleen
二、教学目标
知识目标：熟练掌握本单元文中的单词，短语和句型。能力目标：培养学生的综合运用知识的能力。
三、教学难点： 培养学生的综合能力
四、重点知识：
单词：本单元所有单词（单词表中）短语：
1)teahushtaepupinlanterns
教我们如何做南瓜灯 2)returnttheirhes
回到家中
3)inrdertelethegdsuls
为了迎接好的鬼魂 4)drivetheevilnesaa
驱赶那些邪恶的鬼魂)frdrtdr
挨家挨户 6)asfrthetreat
要求得到款待
7)plaa“tri”nthehuseners
捉弄房子的主人 8)utpenapupinithanife
用刀切开南瓜 9)feeltired
感觉有点累
10)useasharpnifetarvetheshape
用锋利的刀把鬼脸的形状刻出来 11)afterashrthile
不久
12)feelprudfself
为自己感到自豪 13)haveeuseapenil
让我使用铅笔 14)ashedptates
土豆泥
五、重点知识讲解：
1ThisafternnehadurrsessininabigrThereerealtfpupinsnthetablessHltasgingtteahushtaepupinsintfunna--lanternseereallverinterestedinit 译文：今天下午，我们的手工是在一个大教室里度过的。教室的桌子上有很多大南瓜。霍特女士要教我们制作万圣节的南瓜灯，我们对此都非常感兴趣。知识点：
1）teahushtaepupinsintfunna-’-lanterns 教我们制作万圣节的南瓜灯 teahsbtdsth
教某人做某事 teahsbhtdsth
教某人如何做某事 2）beinterestedin
对……感兴趣
2Befreeadelanterns,shetldussethinginterestingabutHalleenShesaidthatHalleenasafestivalfrthedeadinesternuntriesItissaidthatthedeadillreturnttheirhesnthatdaInrdertelethegdsulsanddrivetheevilnesaa,anpepleputa-’’-lanternsutinfrntftheirhusesLater,itbeaeaelebratinstlfrhildren“Ghsts”plaedbhildrenentfrdrtdrasingfr“treats”Iftheirneighbrsdidn’tgivetheand,theaplaa“tri”nthehuseners 译文：制作南瓜灯之前，她给我们讲了与万圣节有关的趣事。她说，在西方国家万圣节是为逝世的人们而过的节日。据说，故去的人们将会在万圣节那天回家，为了迎接好的鬼魂并驱走那些邪恶的鬼魂，很多人都把南瓜灯放在家门外。后来万圣节演变成了孩子们的节日，由孩子们装扮成的“鬼魂”挨门挨户地去敲门要求得到“款待”。如果邻居们没有给他们糖果或饼干，孩子们就会捉弄房子的主人。知识点：
1）tellsbsethinginteresting告诉某人有趣的事情 2）Itissaidthat…据说……
ItissaidthatrangillteahusEnglishnextter Itissaidthatthereisgingtbeadlphinshnextee 3)inrdertdsth
为了做某事
Inrdertaththeearlbus,Igtupat4’lthisrning InrdertaetheEnglishlassinteresting,issanftendesignsaninterestingativitiesfrthehildren 4)drive…aa
赶走 Ihasalreaddriventhefliesaa Thesldiersdrvetheeneiesaafrurheland 3Thenebegantaelanterns,andsHlthelpededitFirstsheasedetutpenapupinithanifeandleanuttheinsideThepupinashardandtheinsideassti,shandfelttiredafterthatThenshehadeuseapeniltdraaghstfaenthepupinanduseasharpnifetarvetheshapeItasahardb,sIdiditversllandarefullIttealstanhurtfinishfunnpupinghstfae 译文：趣事讲完之后我们就开始制作南瓜灯，我得到霍特女士的帮助。首先她让我用刀切开一个南瓜并将内瓤清理干净。南瓜真硬，里边的瓜瓤粘糊糊的，清理完一个南瓜后我的手感觉累了。之后老师让我用铅笔在南瓜上画个鬼脸，再用锋利的刀把鬼脸的形状刻出来。这项工作也不容易，因此我刻得又慢又仔细。我用了几乎一个小时才刻完可爱的鬼脸南瓜灯。知识点： 1）leanut
清理 2）feeltired
感觉有点累
3)useasharpnifetarvetheshape用锋利的刀把鬼脸的形状刻出来 usesthtdsth
使用某物做某事
4)Ittealstanhurtfinishfunnpupinghstfae 我用了几乎一个小时才刻完可爱的鬼脸南瓜灯。Ittaessbsetietdsth
花费某人时间做某事
【典型例题】
王叔叔用了两个小时的时间把电脑修好了。
It_________Unleangthurs__________________________________ 张怡宁每天要练习6个小时的乒乓球。
It__________Zhangining6hurs____________________everda 4Afterashrthile,lassatesallfinishedtheirrEahpupinhadadifferentfae:seerebeautiful,seerelivel,andtherserefantastiEvernesaidthatraslvel,beauseitledlieababfaehenIreturnedheIledatexellentrandfeltprudfselfhatafantastifaeIhaveade!译文：不久，同学们也都纷纷完成了自己的作品。每个南瓜灯都有一张与众不同的脸，有漂亮的，有可爱的，有巨棒的。每个人都说我的南瓜灯很可爱，像一张婴儿脸。回到家以后，看着自己的杰作，我为自己感到骄傲，我做了一个多棒的鬼脸儿。知识点：
1)afterashrthile
不久
2)seerebeautiful,seerelivel,andtherserefantasti se…thers
一些……另外……
【典型例题】
Sestudentsaresittinginthelassrhile______areplaingntheplagrund
Athether
Bthersstudentsthers
Dtherfthestudents 3)feelprudf…为……而感到自豪
第二篇：九年级英语复习课教案1
九年级英语6-10单元复习学案
九年级陈香伟
一、教师寄语：Nothing is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it.二、学习目标 知识目标:复习掌握这五单元重要的词汇及短语 能力目标：能运用这五单元的语法解决实际题目。
德育目标：进一步科学自己的学习方法，提高学习效率。
三、重难点：进一步复习掌握定语从句，被动语态及过去完成时态。
四、学习过程
1.预习：仔细预习本部分内容，找出自己不懂的地方并记下来。
2.导入：We will learn and review Unit6 to Unit 10
3.自主探究：通过查找资料，对本部分的词汇集语法进行那个初步了解。
4.合作探究：与同学探讨不知道的知识。
5.达标练习：
（一）填空题
1．_______(learn)English is very useful in the future.2．Manytrees must _______(plant)in spring..3．You should pay a_______ to your writing.4．F____ of all, you must learn some English words.5．He likes music that has great l___.(二)翻译短语:最有用的发明___________随着跳舞的音乐__________ 到去年末为止_____________一个中国的古代传说____________ 错误地____________推迟做某事______________
（三）翻译句子
（1）我们不能推迟制定计划。
（2）直到1610年茶才被带到西方。
（3）有时我们需要花一些时间来提出一个问题或请求
（四）达标测试
1.Look,how strange!A man can _____(run)after an alien.2.Hurry up, or we ________(not catch)the bus.3.Xiao Ming is afraid of ____(stay)at home alone.4.You look _______(worry).What’s the matter?
5.There must be someone ____(visit)the homes in our neighborhood.6.You can’t wake up a person who is ______(pretend)to be asleep.7.We don’t believe him because he’s _____(honest)
8.I don’t like staying with these children.They are quite__(noise)
9.He pretended______（be）ill yesterday.10.Be_____(care)ofthe dog thatdoesn’tbark.(五)典例分析
1.Reading English ________is very important in learning English.A.too aloudB.too loudC.loudlyD.aloud
【解析].aloud 与loudly都是“大声地”的意思。但loudly 含有“不耐烦’的意思，所以本题应 该选D.2.We can do it_______, we will do it well.A.differencesB.differenceC.differentlyD.different
[解析]。本题为副词修饰动词do,所以应选副词形式。故应选C.3.____________(speak)skills are important in learning English
[解析]“口语技巧”应为speaking skills.要注意不要用成spoken skills.（六）中考链接
1.—Would you mind if I sit here?（2008年，四川攀枝花）
—______.it is for the old woman here.A.Never mind.B You’d better notC.of course notD.not at all
2.—Will you please ______ it to me on Friday?（2008年，山东）—What about Saturday? My computer doesn’t work well these days.A.sendB.giveC.emailD:bring
3.___what is the matter, kangkang?(2008年黄冈)
—Oh, I feel very sorry.to hear more than __people lost their lives in the earthquake(地震)in Sichuan.A.sixty thousands ofB.sixty thousandC.sixty thousand ofD.thousand of
七、总结一下自己本节课的收获和不足，请写在下面吧
第三篇：人教版九年级英语unit8教案 1
Unit 8 I’ll help clean up the city parks．
The 1st period
Ⅰ． Teaching Aims and Demands 1． Knowledge Objects（1）Key Vocabulary clean up, hunger, homeless, cheer up, give out, volunteer, food bank（2）Target Language I’d like to work outside．
You could give out food at a food bank． 2． Ability Objects（1）Train the students to express offering to help with the target language．
（2）Train the students’ listening skill． 3． Moral Object Offer help to the others as much as possible． Ⅱ． Teaching Key Points 1． Key Vocabulary clean up, hunger, homeless, cheer up, give out 2． Target Language How to express offering to help with target language． Ⅲ． Teaching Difficult Points 1． Teach the students how to use the new phrasal verbs．
2． Teach the students to express offering help with target language． Ⅳ． Teaching Methods 1． Teaching by giving sample sentences and making up sentences． 2． Teaching by showing pictures． Ⅴ． Teaching Aids 1． A tape recorder 2． Some pictures on volunteer’s offering help Ⅵ． Teaching Procedures Step Ⅰ Lead in T: Good morning，boys and girls.In the last unit，we have learnt “Where would you like to visit？”and know many fascinating and famous sights.Now would you like to listen to a song before Class？ Ss：Yes，I’d like to.T: OK，but you must guess the name of the song after listening.Of course，you can say it in Chinese.Then play the recorder and let the Ss listen to the music.After the music is over.T：Who can tell me the name of the song？ S1：爱的奉献
T:Good job，this song mainly tells us “If everyone helps out a bit，we’ll have a better world to live in”and you know in our country there are many volunteers to do all kinds of work to help others.So would you like to be a volunteer？Why？ S2:Yes，because we can help people who need help.T:Good，helping others is very happy.Now please open your books and turn to page 60，look at the picture.There are two persons talking about volunteer work.Volunteer is used as a verb in this lesson．OK，We can see one sentence in each poster，Who would like to read them to us.S2：The first：Help clean up the city parks.The second：Visit sick children in the hospital.The third：Help stop hunger.Ask all the students to read the sentences，then go on saying, "clean up is a phrasal verb，it means make a place clean and tidy.”And ask Ss ”Who can make more sentences with clean up?“Ask several students to share their sentences to the class． T:Besides the ways provided in the posters，Can you think of more other ways？ Get them to write the ways down in the box below the picture．At last, ask some students to share their ideas with the class． Write some ways on the board and explain these words to the class, if necessary． Step Ⅱ Listening lb T:Now let’s listen to a material in which some people describe what they want to do as volunteers.The first time，you should listen carefully to get the main idea of it.When you listen again，please complete the sentences in1b on page60.Then Check the answers．write down the new words and phrasal verbs ：cheer up、give out、homeless、food bank.Ask all the students to read the sentences one by one.Step Ⅲ Oral Practice 1c T:From the listening，we have known some things volunteers want to do.Then if you are volunteers，what do you want to do to help people？Please work in pairs and make conversations to express your own opinions.Samples：A:I would like to work outside.B：You could help plant trees and grass Then write down the useful expressions on the board.Ask several pairs to share their conversations to the class． Step Ⅳ Summary Ask Ss to summarize they learnt in this lesson，If necessary，I would add the knowledge Step Ⅴ Homework 1． Make up one sentence with each of the following phrasal verbs: clean up, cheer up, give out 2． After class，find out five more phrasal verbs.
第四篇：九年级英语作文1
九年级英语作文
一． 中学生对未来生活充满了种种幻想，并渴望能够实现自己的梦想。请以“I want to be a/an……”为题，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。要求在文中讲述你的梦想，以及你为什么有那样的梦想和你会通过怎样的努力去实现这个梦想。
答案：I want to be a teacher.Everyone has a dream.My dream is to be a teacher.I was born in a family of teachers.My parents are both teachers.They work hard at their school and help many students go t o college.Some students say my parents are the best teachers in the world.I think they are great, so I wish to be a teacher.I will study hard and follow my parents and try my best to get on well with everyone around me.I think there will be another great teacher in a few years: me.二．假如你是李丽，你的一位英国笔友Peter发来了e-mail，说他下星期来中国，他向你询问中国的餐桌礼仪，请你给他回一封e-mail，告诉他相关情况。
要点：1.让客人和长辈先吃每一道菜；
2、不要用筷子敲碗；
3、不要将手伸到饭桌对面（reach across）夹菜；
4、等大家都到齐了，才开始吃；
5、为主人的长寿、健康、成功干杯。
提示词：客人guest，长辈elder，敲tap，长寿longevity
Dear Peter,I’m glad to receive your e-mail.Now I want to tell you something about Chinese table manners.In China the host or hostess won’t eat any dish until the guests and elders begin.You can’t tap bowls with the chopsticks.You shouldn’t reach across the table or in front of someone to get something to eat.You can’t start to eat until everyone is at the table.Also, you should toast longevity, good health or success of the host or hostess.Welcome to China!
Yours
Li Li
三、请以“I like the Internet”为题，写一篇不少于80词的文章，开头已给出。文章包括以下要点：1.可以上网查询信息，并能下载对自己有用的信息；
2、可以收发e-mail，打电话；
3、可以进行网上购物；
4、因特网是自己的生活更加有趣、丰富多彩（colorful）.答案： I like the Internet
The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.It is very useful.I often search the Internet for information.I can 下载)the information that I need.I can send e-mails and make telephone calls to my friends.If I want to buy something.I an able to go shopping online.The Internet makes my life more interesting and colorful.I like the Internet very much..What about you, dear friends?
四．对于学生网上交友，人们往往持不同的观点。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友 1的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。
赞成的理由：1广交朋友；2可自由表达(express)思想；3利于学习
反对的理由：1浪费时间；2影响学习；3可能上当受骗（get/be cheated）
你的看法：？
注意：1.文章必须包括表中的全部内容；2词数80左右；
答案：Should students make friends online? Some people say yes.The Internet helps us make many friends.Chatting online, students can express their feelings and it is good for studying.However, some people think students shouldn’t.They say making friends online is a waste of time.And it is bad for studying.Some students may get cheated.I think students should study hard, keep healthy.If they want to make some friends, they can make friends with their classmates and other people around them.五．发明创造改变了世界，长大后你想当一名发明家吗？作为一名中学生你应该怎样做？请根据以下提示，以How to become an inventor?为题，写一篇80词左右的英语短文。注意：1努力学习是基础；2兴趣是最好的老师；3有创新（creativity）精神；4持之以恒、永不放弃。
How to become an inventor?
Becoming an inventor is many people’s dream.Would you like to be an inventor? As a student, we need to do these things.We must study hard, Knowledge is the basis(基础)。Interest is the best teacher.When we are interested in something, we will do it well, so we should have interest.Creativity is very important, too.We need to come up with ideas.In a word, we should keep trying hard and never give up.Don’t be afraid to fail.
第五篇：九年级上学期英语复习教案1
九年级英语复习教案1
（3-4课时）
Unit 1 Topic 1 Section A 1.Great changes have taken place there…此句是现在完成时，表示在说话之前已发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。其结构是“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”。e.g.I have finished that work.我已经完成了那项工作。She has bought a new bike.她买了一辆新自行车。
2.have/has been to...去过„„。e.g.He has been to Hubei.他去过湖北。（人已不在湖北，表示有此经历,曾经去过那里。）I have been to Beijing several times.我去过北京几次。
3.so...that...如此„„以至于„„，引导结果状语从句。e.g.He ran so quickly that we couldn't keep up with him.他跑得很快，我们都赶不上。
so...that...引导的从句有时可以和too...to...句型互换。
e.g.He is so young that he can’t go to school.= He is too young to go to school.他太小了，还不能上学。4.improve 意为“提高，(使)好转，改进，改善”。a.可作及物动词。improve oneself自我提高。
e.g.He has improved his health.他的健康状况得到了改善。
b.可作不及物动词。e.g.His health is improving.他的健康状况正在好转。另：improve on/upon sth.对„„做出改进。
e.g.He has improved on the invention.他进一步完善了他的发明。improvement n.改进（处），增进，改进的事物。5.by the way 顺便问一问。e.g.By the way, do you know him? 顺便问一问，你认识他吗？
6.have/has gone to...已经去了，它强调主语此时不在说话地点。e.g.She has gone to Shanghai.她已经去了上海。注意：区分have/has been to和have/has gone to的用法。
7.There goes the bell.＝That’s the bell.＝The bell is ringing.铃响了。此句是倒装语序。倒装分为局部倒装和完全倒装，主语是代词时一般用局部倒装，主语是名词时则用完全倒装。
e.g.There comes the bus.公共汽车来了。Look!Here he comes.看！他来了。Here you are.给你。
Unit 1 Topic 1 Section B 1.learn(...)from...从„„中学习（到）„„。e.g.We must learn from each other.我们必须互相学习。He learnt a lot from his friends last summer.去年夏天他从朋友那里学了很多知识。
2.a.though conj.尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句。注意：though不能与but连用。e.g.Though it was late, he went on working.尽管天晚了，但他仍在工作。
b.have(no)time to do sth.意为“有(没有)时间做„„”。e.g.I have time to see you.我有时间去看你。
3.a.describe v.描述。e.g.The police asked her to describe the two men.警察让她描述那两名男子。其名词是description。b.in detail详细地。e.g.Please explain your plan in detail.请详细讲讲你的计划。
4.afford 常接在can, could, be able to之后，表示担负得起（„„的费用、损失、后果等）；抽得出（时间）。e.g.At last, we can afford a house.最后我们终于买得起房子了。We can’t afford to waste time and money.我们不能浪费时间和金钱。afford还可意为“提供，给予，出产”。
e.g.Reading affords pleasure.读书给人带来快乐。5.in order to...为了„„，以便„„
e.g.He studied hard in order to pass the exam.他努力学习以便通过考试。support 作动词。
a.维持,供养,负担（费用）。e.g.He has a large family to support.他有一大家子要养活。b.支撑，扶持。e.g.Walls support the roof.墙支撑着屋顶。
c.支持，赞成。e.g.His family supported him in his decision.他的家人支持他的决定。
give support to...为„„提供帮助。这里support作名词。e.g.We should give support to poor children.我们应该给贫困孩子提供帮助。
6.nowadays adv.现今，现时（着重与过去相比）。常用于一般现在时。e.g.Nowadays most children in our country can get a good education.现今我国大多数的孩子都能受到好的教育。now adv.现在，此刻，目前。着重指现在。常用于一般现在时或现在进行时中。e.g.He is at home now.他现在在家。Now they are playing games in the park.现在他们在公园里玩游戏。
7.develop v.发展，发达。developed adj.发达的，developing adj.发展中的，development n.发展。e.g.China’s economy has developed a lot, but China is still a developing country while the U.S.A.is a developed country.中国的经济已经有了很大的发展，但中国仍是一个发展中国家，而美国是一个发达国家。
Unit 1 Topic 1 Section C 1.more than 相当于over，意为“超过，多于”，后常跟数词。
more than/over ten men 十多个人。more...than...意为“比„„更„„”，是比较级的一种用法。中间多接名词、多音节的形容词或副词原级。
e.g.I have more friends than you.我的朋友比你的多。He is more careful than Jim.他比吉姆细心。2.see sth.oneself 意为“亲眼目睹”。e.g.I saw him helping others myself.我亲眼目睹他帮助别人。3.have the chance to do sth.意为“有机会做某事”。
e.g.I’ll have the chance to visit your factory next Sunday.下星期天我将有机会去参观你们的工厂。4.a.keep in touch with...意为“与„„保持联系”。e.g.He still keeps in touch with his old friends.他仍和老朋友们保持联系。b.far away遥远，常放在句末作后置定语。e.g.They live in a village far away.他们住在一个遥远的村子里。far away adj.遥远的
e.g.a far away town 一个遥远的小镇
far away from+某地，离„„遥远。如前面有具体数字时，则不能连用far。e.g.My home is far away from Beijing.我家离北京很远。My hometown is about 100 kilometers away from Shanghai.我的家乡离上海大约100公里。5.not only...but also...不但„„而且„„，用来连接两个相同的成分。连接主语时，谓语动词须和邻近的主语保持一致。e.g.Not only he but also I have been to Canada.不仅他去过加拿大，我也去过。6.a.already adv.意为“已经”，多用于现在完成时，常放在肯定句中间或句末。e.g.I have already read this book.我已经看过这本书了。
b.succeed in sth./doing sth.意为“成功地做某事”。e.g.Tom succeeded in making a beautiful model plane.汤姆成功地做好了一个漂亮的飞机模型。success n.成功。successful adj.成功的。
7.a.it 是形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。e.g.I find it is easy for us to learn English well.我发现对我们来说学好英语是容易的。
b.dream about 梦想，展望，后接名词或动词-ing形式。e.g.He dreams about a new house.他梦想拥有一栋新房子。We used to dream about living abroad.过去我们常常梦想去国外生活。
Unit 1 Topic 2 Section A 1.get lost 走失，迷路。其中lost为形容词，其近义词有missing和gone。
e.g.I found my bike missing.我发现我的自行车丢了。My pen is lost.我的笔丢了。My watch is gone.我的手表不见了。2.call up给„„打电话,名词作宾语时可以放在up后面或两词之间；宾语是代词时，必须放在两词之间。e.g.I called Tom up yesterday, but he didn’t answer it.昨天我给汤姆打电话，但他没有接。I’ll call you up as soon as I come back.我一回来就给你打电话。同义词组：ring up, make a telephone call。3.So do I.此句为完全倒装句。其含义为“A如此，B也如此。”其结构是so+be/助动词/情态动词＋主语。e.g.He likes playing the piano.So does she.他喜欢弹钢琴，她也是。
其否定结构为neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词+主语。e.g.I am not good at singing, neither is he.我不擅长唱歌，他也是。注:so＋主语+ be/助动词/情态动词，它指两者对同一事物的看法，意为“A如此或A的确如此。”e.g.—I think Tom can work out the problem.我认为汤姆能算出这道题。—So he can.他的确能。
4.already常用于肯定句中，指动作已经发生,或比期望发生的要早，一般用在句子中间或句末；yet用于疑问句和否定句中，谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事，通常位于句末。
e.g.—Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃过午饭了吗？—Yes, I’ve already had it.是的，我已经吃过了。5.a.such a beautiful country 意为“如此美丽的国家”。区别so, such的用法：so修饰形容词或副词原级，such修饰名词，有时两者可互换。
e.g.such a nice girl = so nice a girl 如此漂亮的一个女孩。但名词前如果出现much, many, little, few等表数量的词时要用so。e.g.so many people 这么多人。
b.before（表示时间）以前，是副词而不是介词或连词，属较模糊的时间状语，表示到说话时间为止之前发生的事，大多使用完成时态。e.g.I have
read that novel before.我以前看过那本小说。
6.seem v.似乎是，其近义词为appear，常见结构有seem＋(to be)＋表语。e.g.He seems(to be)quite happy.他似乎很快乐。It seems that ＋从句。e.g.It seems that he is quite happy.他似乎很快乐。I seem to have seen him somewhere before.＝It seems that I have seen him somewhere before.我好像曾在什么地方见过他。seem＋to do sth.e.g.He seemed to enjoy himself.他好像很愉快。7.population意为“人口”,“居民”，常用形容词large或small来表示人口的多少。e.g.China has the largest population in the world.中国拥有世界上最多的人口。
注:常用句式：What’s the population of...? 意为“„„人口是多少？”
have a population of...意为“有„„人口”e.g.China has a population of 1.3 billion.中国有13亿人口。8.take place 发生，常指经过安排的。e.g.When will the party take place? 那个聚会什么时候举行？
happen 发生、碰巧，常指偶然发生。e.g.A traffic accident happened to his father yesterday.他的爸爸昨天发生了车祸。He happened to meet an old friend.他碰巧遇见了一位老朋友。注意：happen和take place没有被动语态形式。9.because of＋n./v.-ing 因为„„。e.g.Now most families have only one child because of our country’s one-child policy.=Because our country has the one-child policy, now most families have only one child.由于我国实施独生子女政策，现在大多数家庭只有一个孩子。
10.neither pron.意为“两者都不”。e.g.Neither answer is right.两个答案都错了。
当A不怎样，B也不怎样时，其结构为：neither/nor+be/情态动词/助动词+主语。e.g.You aren’t a worker, neither is he.你不是工人，他也不是。
11.be strict with sb.对某人要求严格。e.g.The teacher is strict with his students.老师对他的学生要求严格。
be strict in(doing)sth.对(做)某事严格要求。e.g.The teachers are strict in our homework.老师们对我们的作业要求严格。
Unit 1 Topic 2 Section B 1.increase v.(使)增加，（使)增大，增多, increase by＋倍数或百分数，表示“增加了„„倍或百分之„„”。e.g.Compared with last year, our pay has increased by three times.与去年相比，我们的工资增长了三倍。increase to＋具体的增长后的数字，表示“增加到了„„”。e.g.Our rice output has increased to 6 million tons this year.我们水稻产量今年增长到了六百万吨。2.second在这里意为“居第二位的”。India is second with 1.1 billion相当于India has the second largest population with 1.1 billion。e.g.As a dancer, she is second to none.作为一名舞蹈家，她的舞技不亚于任何人。3.carry out 实行，进行，执行。
e.g.It won’t be an easy plan to carry out.那并不是一个容易实施的计划。
e.g.This is a new policy, and they will carry it out next year.这是一项新政策，他们将在明年实施它。
Unit 1 Topic 2 Section C 1.要表示“几分之几的„„”时，采用“分数+ of +...”形式。e.g.two thirds of the students.三分之二的学生。英语中分数表示法为：分子采用基数词，分母采用序数词且有单/复数形式。分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。e.g.one seventh七分之一，two sevenths七分之二。
注：四分之一亦作a quarter，百分数读作“基数词+percent（无复数）”。e.g.30%读作thirty percent。half意为“一半，二分之一”，相当于one second或50%。
2.whole着眼于整体，接可数名词单数形式。谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。e.g.The whole family likes watching TV.全家人都喜爱看电视。This whole week has passed quickly.整个一周都过得很快。all着重于全体中的各个部分，接不可数名词或名词复数。
e.g.All the people in the ship lost their lives.轮船上所有人都遇难了。
3.be short of 缺乏。e.g.She is always short of money.她总是缺钱。be short for...是„„的缩写；for short简称、简写。e.g.TV is short for television.= we call television TV for short.TV是television的缩写形式。4.be known as...＝be famous as...以„„而闻名。e.g.Edison was famous/ known as a great scientist.爱迪生以一位伟大的科学家而闻名/著称。
5.work well in doing sth.在做某事方面很有成效。e.g.Reciting texts every day has worked well in learning English.每天背诵课文在学习英语方面很有成效。
Unit 1 Topic 2 Section D 1.called Fairmont过去分词短语放在名词后作后置定语，这里called可改为named/with the name of...。e.g.The boy called/named/with the name of Li Lei is my brother.名叫李雷的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
2.unless conj.除非，如果不。e.g.I will not go unless he asks me to go.如果他不让我去，我就不去。unless = if not上句同义句：I will not go if he doesn't ask me to go.3.a couple of在本文中意为“一些，几个”，相当于a few, several, 修饰可数名词。e.g.a couple of apples几个苹果。a couple of 通常意为“一对，一双，夫妇”，指任何两件同类的东西。e.g.a couple of dogs两条狗, two couples of socks两双袜子, a young couple一对年轻夫妇。a pair of 指两件不能分开使用的东西，如鞋、袜、手套、裤子、剪刀等。e.g.a pair of shoes一双鞋, a pair of pants一条裤子。4.interest意为“吸引力,趣味”,不可数名词。a place of interest一处名胜，places of interest许多名胜。e.g.There are many places of interest in our city.我们城市有许多名胜。
5.huge巨大的，庞大的，反义词tiny，除表示数量、体积等外，还可表示程度很高。e.g.a huge success巨大的成功。
Unit 1 Topic 3 Section A 1.How do you like(doing)sth.?=What do you think of...? e.g.How do you like the weather in Beijing?你认为北京的天气怎么样？=What do you think of the weather in Beijing? How do you like playing basketball now? 你认为现在打篮球怎么样？=What do you think of playing basketball now? 2.get used to(doing)sth.习惯于做某事，可用于现在、过去、将来的多种时态中。get可用be/become等来代替。e.g.He will be(has been)used to getting up early.他将会(已经)习惯早起。used to do sth.过去总是做某事（而现在不做了），只用于过去时。e.g.He used to be a quiet boy.他过去是个不太爱说话的男孩。
be used to do sth.被用于做某事。e.g.Wood is used to make paper.木材被用于造纸。3.since引导的从句常用一般过去时，表示“自从„„以
来”，它前面的主句通常使用完成时。e.g.It has rained since I came here two days ago.自从两天前我来到这里就一直下雨。
4.a.as a matter of fact实际上，相当于in fact。e.g.I haven’t been here long.As a matter of fact, I just got off the plane yesterday morning.我到这里没多久。实际上，我昨天早上刚下飞机。
b.动词不定式to live在此作place的定语。动词不定式作定语时,与所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系,如果该不定式是不及物动词,或者其本身有宾语,后面应有必要的介词。但当动词不定式所修饰的名词是place时，不定式后面通常没有介词。类似的句子：We were looking for a place to eat.我们正找个吃饭的地方。5.must是情态动词，在这里意为“一定”，常用于表达希望尽快做某事。e.g.We must come over and try out your new car.我们改天一定来试试你的新汽车。
for在此是介词，表示目的。e.g.You must come for seeing me next week.下周你一定要来看我。
6.discover v.发现，是由cover加上前缀dis-构成的新单词。这种构词法叫派生法，派生法可通过加前缀或后缀构成新单词。e.g.invent v.发明，加上后缀-tion构成invention n.发明。
Unit 1 Topic 3 Section B 1.a.once conj.一旦„„就„„。引导时间状语从句。e.g.Once you hear the song，you will never forget it.一旦你听到这首歌，你会永远忘不了它。
b.in need 在困难时，在贫困之中。
e.g.The teacher is so kind-hearted that he often helps the students in need.这位老师心地善良，他经常帮助贫困的学生。
c.decide on+n./v.-ing = decide to do sth.决定要做某事。e.g.They decided on a field trip for their holidays.= They decided to have a field trip for their holidays.他们决定假期春游。2.provide v.提供，供应。
e.g.That hotel provides good meals.那家旅馆供应丰盛的膳食。常用于下列结构: provide sb.with sth.（提供给某人某物）。e.g.The man-agers provided us with a few computers.经理们给我们提供了几台电脑。
provide sth.for sb.（为某人提供某物）。e.g.They provided food for the poor.他们给穷人们提供了食品。
3.a.It is +adj.+ for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是„„。e.g.It is important for us to learn English well.对于我们来说学好英语是重要的。
b.feel good感到愉快或有信心。
e.g.Feeling good about yourself is helpful to you.有信心对你是有帮助的。Unit 1 Topic 1 Section C 1.is called 意为“被称为”，是被动语态，结构为：be+动词过去分词。e.g.He is called Little Tom.他被称为小汤姆。2.success n.，意为“成功”。e.g.I wished him success.我祝愿他成功。
successful adj.，句式 be successful in sth./doing sth.在(做)某事方面很成功。e.g.Tom was very successful in(passing)the examination.汤姆成功地通过了考试。
succeed v.成功，做成，胜利，succeed in(doing)sth.成功地做了某事。e.g.Michael succeeded in solving the problem.迈克尔终于解决了这个问题。
3.so that以便,以致，既可引导目的状语从句也可引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，可转换成in order that+从句或in order to do sth.句式。课文句子中so that引导的是目的状语从句，能换成in order that或in order to句式。e.g.Drive carefully so that everyone can enjoy a long life.= Drive carefully in order that everyone can enjoy a long life.小心开车，利人利己。
He was badly ill so that he had to stay in bed for several days.他病得很重，因此要卧床几天。在这里，so that 不能换成in order that。
4.take drugs吸毒。drug还有“药”的意思，但多指狭义的“麻醉剂”、“毒品”，是可数名词。a drug user吸毒者。medicine多指起治疗作用的“药”，通常为口服药，属不可数名词。英语中表示服药的动词常用take或have。
Unit 1 Topic 3 Section D 1.aim to do sth.目的是，力争达到。e.g.We aim to finish the work before five o'clock.我们力争五点前完工。
2.in the past+时间，此介词结构作时间状语，常指刚刚过去的一段时间，含现在在内，常用于现在完成时中。e.g.In the past twenty years，great changes have taken place in my hometown.在过去的20年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。during the last+时间段，在过去的„„期间，常用于一般过去时。e.g.During the last five years, our country developed a lot.在过去的5年间，我们的国家发展很快。
3.a.raise征收，招募，筹集。e.g.raise an army招兵, raise money募捐。raise举起，抬起。e.g.raise one's hand举手。b.at home and abroad 国内外。
4.a.pay for为„„付款。e.g.How much did you pay for the book? 这本书花了你多少钱？pay+钱+for sth.买某物花多少钱。e.g.I paid 5 yuan for a pen yesterday.昨天我花5元钱买了一支钢笔。
b.send...to...把„„送到/派到„„ e.g.The U.S.A.sent lots of soldiers to Iraq.美国向伊拉克派遣了大量士兵。send sb.to do sth.派某人去做某事。e.g.They sent me to learn French there.他们派我去那儿学习法语。send for派人去请。e.g.Mother is ill.We must send for a doctor.母亲病了，我们得请医生来。
Unit 2 Topic 1 Section A
1.go 在此处为不及物动词，意为“不复存在，不见了，丢失，失窃”。e.g.My new bike has gone.I can’t find it.我的新自行车不见了，我找不到它了。
2.a.There be + sth./sb.doing sth.为固定句型，意为“有某人或某物正在做某事”。e.g.Look!There is a little girl crying in the street．瞧！有个小女孩正在街上哭。b.pour...into把„„倒入。e.g.Please pour the sugar into a cup.请把糖倒入杯里。c.waste adj.废弃的，无用的，丢弃的。
n.浪费，废弃物 e.g.a waste of time 浪费时间。v.浪费 e.g.waste one’s words 白费口舌。
3.be harmful to sb./sth.对某人或某物有害。e.g.Sweet food is harmful to children’s teeth.甜食对孩子的牙齿有害。Drinking too much wine is harmful to health.嗜酒对健康有害。
4.influence v.对„„有影响。e.g.The moon influences the tides.月亮对潮汐有影响。n.影响(力)，感化(力)。e.g.influences on character对性格的影响。
Unit2 Topic 1 Section B 1.breathe /bri(:)T/ v.意为“呼吸”，名词是breath /breθ/，注意不同词性时单词的拼写。
e.g.We breathe fresh air．我们呼吸新鲜的空气。You can see your breath on a very cold day.你可以在寒冷的天看到你的呼吸。breathe in吸入，breathe out呼出，hold one’s breath屏住呼吸，take a(deep)breath(深深地)吸一口气。2.produce v.在此意为“产生，造成，引起”, 表示结果。
注意：produce一般侧重工业生产，农业产品，也包括创造脑力劳动产品，而make含义很广,没有具体限制生产何种产品。e.g.The writer produces a new novel every year.这位作家每年写一本新小说。A hen produces eggs.母鸡产蛋。Tom's mother is making a cake for him.汤姆的妈妈在为他做蛋糕。3.in a bad mood 意为“心情差”；in a good mood 意为“心情好”。e.g.He is in a bad mood today.他今天心情差。4.can’t stand sth./doing sth.意为“不能容忍某事/做某事。”e.g.I can't stand the pain.我受不了这疼痛。I can't stand staying up so late.这么晚不睡觉我受不了。
5.hope v.希望。hope +从句 e.g.I hope(that)you can come, because you are important to me.我希望你能来，因为你对我来说很重要。hope to do sth.希望做某事。e.g.I hope to see you at the party.我希望在聚会上见到你。
n.希望。e.g.Jony failed in the competition, but he never gave up his hope.乔尼比赛输了，但他从不放弃希望。注：wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事，但不能说hope sb.to do sth.Unit 2 Topic 1 Section C 1.not all...此结构表示部分否定，意为“不是所有的„„”。not与both, all，every以及every的派生词连用时表示部分否定。e.g.Not everybody likes playing basketball．不是所有的人都爱打篮球。
而neither，none，nothing，nobody，no one等用来表示全部否定。e.g.None of my friends likes swimming．我的朋友中没有一个人喜欢游泳。
2.quite a few 许多，大量。e.g.There are quite a few old people living in this area.这个地区住着许多老年人。
3.a.recently最近，指过去不久的某一时刻，和一般过去时连用；指过去不久到现在的一段时间，和现在完成时连用。e.g.I haven’t heard of her recently.最近我没听到她的消息。
b.it is reported据报道, it is said据说, 这两个短语均表示其后为引用内容。c.no better than...意为“和„„(几乎)一样坏”。e.g.His composition is no better than mine.他的作文和我的一样差。4.do(great)harm to...对„„有(很大)害处，此处harm为名词。相当于be harmful to...意为“对„„有害的”。e.g.Reading in the sun is harmful to your eyes.= Reading in the sun does harm to your eyes.在太阳底下阅读对眼睛是有害的。
5.including prep.包括,包含在内。e.g.Ten members were present at the meeting, including myself.包括我自己在内的10个人出席了会议。
include v.包括,包含。e.g.The price includes both the house and furniture.这个价格包括房子和里面的家具。
6.effect n.影响, have an(no)effect on sth.对某事（没）有影响。e.g.Smoking must have effects on our health.吸烟一定对我们的健康有影响。
Unit 2 Topic 2 Section A 1.as a result 结果。e.g.As a result, we were all late for class.结果，我们都迟到了。as a result of...由于„„。e.g.As a result of ill health, he couldn't go on working any longer.由于健康状况不佳，他不能继续工作了。
2.something useful 形容词修饰不定代词时，要放在所修饰词的后面，作后置定语。somewhere warm 暖和的地方，nothing serious 没什么严重的。e.g.There is something interesting in today's newspaper.今天的报纸上有一些有趣的事。3.none指三者或三者以上的“没有，都不”，既可指“人”也可指“物”，常与of连用，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。构成“none of+名词/代词”结构，当名词是不可数名词时，谓语动词用第三人称单数，当名词是复数时，谓语动词用单复数均可。e.g.None of those buses go(es)there.没有一辆公共汽车去那里。若要表示二者的“都不”，应该用neither。回答以how many/much引导的特殊疑问句表示否定时用none;回答以who引导的特殊疑问句用no one。4.here and there 处处，到处。与everywhere同义。e.g.I've looked for my key here and there(everywhere), but I can't find it.我到处找我的钥匙，但就是找不到。5.everyone表示“每个人”，只指人，不指物，不接of短语，它强调整体，如果后接表范围的of短语，则写成every one。e.g.He knows everyone in our class.他认识我们班里的每一个人。
6.We should do everything we can to protect the environment.此句中we can作everything的定语，省略了引导词that及从句中的谓语do, 意为“一切能做的事情”。
Unit 2 Topic 2 Section B 1.change into...变成„„。e.g.Water has changed into steam.水变成了蒸气。
2.a.stop/prevent sb./sth.(from)doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事，from可以省略。e.g.The heavy snow stopped/prevented the visitors(from)leaving the top of the mountain.大雪使游人不得不停留在山顶上。b.earth着重指与天空相对的“土地”，还泛指泥土；soil主要指用于种植庄稼的“土壤”；ground主要指大地表面；land着重指与河、湖、海洋相对的陆地。e.g.Put the tree in the hole and fill it with earth again.把树放进坑里，然后用土重新将坑填满。Light, water, air and soil are essential to plant life.日光、水分、空气和土壤对植物生长是不可缺少的。The bag fell on the ground.那个包掉到地上了。A lot of good land has gone.大片的良田消失了。3.cut down砍倒。e.g.Don't cut down any trees.别砍树木。注意：cut的现在分词为cutting, 过去式和过去分词均为cut。4.although conj.意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，相当于though, although较正式。e.g.Although/Though he is very tired, he goes on with his work.虽然他很累，但他还继续工作。He helped us, although he didn't know us.尽管他不认识我们，但他帮助了我们。;注意：在句中使用although或though时，不能同时使用but, 但although/though后可用yet 或still等。e.g.Although the question is difficult, he can still answer it.尽管这个问题很难，他仍能回答上来。加强语气时，通常说even though，而不说even although。
Unit 2 Topic 3 Section A 1.work for...为„„工作，为„„坚持不懈地努力。e.g.We should work for peace.我们应该为和平而努力。2.sort v.整理，归类，分拣。e.g.sort letters 分拣信件。n.种类，相当于kind。
3.It is/was+adj.+of/for sb.+ to do sth.句型中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth.。当用形容词来描述人的性格、特征、品质时，通常选用of, 这类形容词有good, kind, nice, wise, clever, foolish, right, wrong, careful等。e.g.It's nice of you to come.你能来实在太好了。
当形容词用来描述事物的性质、特征时，通常选用for, 这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, possible, interesting等。e.g.It's very important for everyone to protect the environment.对每一个人来说，保护环境都很重要。
注意：原句不可以改为To do that is kind of you.因为kind是说明you的特征的，但它可以改写为：You are kind to do that.4.suppose v.意为“认为，猜想”。e.g.He supposed(that)he was dead.他想他已经死了。be supposed to do sth.意为“应该，理应”，与should同义。e.g.Teachers are supposed to know a lot.老师应该知道很多。be supposed to do sth.用于否定句时，意为“允许”。e.g.You are not supposed to smoke here.这里不允许抽烟。5.be busy doing sth.意为“忙着做某事”。e.g.He is busy doing his homework.他在忙着做作业。
Unit 2 Topic 3 Section B 1.ought to 情态动词，无人称和时态变化，后接动词原形，意为“应该，应当”。e.g.We ought to be polite to the old.我们应该尊敬老人。
否定形式为：ought not to do sth.= oughtn’t to do sth.不应该做某事。e.g.You ought not to tell her the bad news.你不应该告诉她这条坏消息。
2.May I have your attention, please? 用来引起大家注意的常用语。也可以用Attention, please.3.on time 按时，准时，表示在事先安排或规定的时间内。e.g.Please finish your homework on time.请按时完成作业。
in time及时，表示在规定时间内，来得及。e.g.Please get to the station in time, or we’ll miss the train.请及时到达车站，否则我们将错过这列火车。
4.make sure+从句，确信„„，确定。e.g.Make sure you have had breakfast when you go to school.上学之前，一定要吃早餐。make sure of...弄清楚„„，确信„„ e.g.Make sure of the time and place.弄清时间和地点。Unit 3 Topic 1 Section A 1.stick v.粘贴，粘住。e.g.Please stick this map of China on the wall.请把这幅中国地图贴在墙上。stick to意为“坚持；坚守(某种观点、主张、理想、真理、协议)”。后跟名词。e.g.He always sticks to his own decision.他总是坚持自己的决定。
stick to 表示“坚持做某事”时，后跟动名词。
e.g.He sticks to speaking English every day.他坚持每天说英语。stick n.木棍(棒)，枝条。e.g.walking stick手杖，拐杖
2.是一般现在时的被动语态。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者，其结构由“助动词am, is, are+及物动词的过去分词”构成。动作的执行者由by引出的短语表示，by意为“被„„，由„„”。e.g.English is spoken by many people.许多人说英语。
3.one day既可用来表示“将来有一天”，也可表示“过去曾经有一天”。e.g.One day, he met an old friend.一天，他遇见了一位老朋友。I am going to Tibet one day.将来有一天我要去西藏。some day 只表示“将来有一天”。e.g.I will see you again some day/one day.我改天再来看你。4.can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事。
e.g.A new headmaster will come to our school.We can’t wait to see him.一位新校长要来我们学校。我们迫不及待地想见他。5.have a(good)chance to do sth.有（好）机会做某事，have no chance to do sth.没有机会做某事。e.g.He has a good chance to visit Beijing University.他有很好的机会去参观北京大学。
6.throughout prep.遍及；贯穿。throughout the world 全世界，与all over the world, around the world同义。e.g.We have friends throughout the world.我们的朋友遍天下。
7.a.try one’s best 相当于do one’s best竭尽所能做某事。e.g.I try my best to help them.= I do my best to help them.我尽力帮助他们。
try to do sth.努力做某事；try doing sth.试着做某事。e.g.He tried to climb the tree.他努力爬那棵树。He tried climbing the tree.他试着爬那棵树。
b.from now on 从现在开始。e.g.He decides to help his mother to do housework from now on.他决定从现在开始帮助妈妈做家务
8.be pleased with...对„„满意。e.g.He is pleased with the gift.他对那件礼物很满意。be satisfied with 对„„满足/满意，指我们达到期望时所感觉的满足，有积极的、愉快的意思。e.g.She is satisfied with her son’s progress.她对儿子的进步感到很满意。
Unit 3 Topic 1 Section B 1.on business 出差。e.g.I went to Beijing on business last month.我上个月因公出差到北京。
2.be similar to...和„„相似。e.g.Mary’s bike is similar to Jane’s.玛丽的自行车和简的差不多。be the same as...和„„一样。e.g.This book is the same as that one.这本书和那本书一样。
3.a.It’s possible+that从句，意为“„„是有可能的”。e.g.It’s possible that he will buy a new car.他有可能买辆新的小汽车。It’s possible(for sb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是可能的。e.g.It’s possible for us to solve the problem.我们可能会解决这个问题。
b.have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有麻烦/困难；have no trouble doing sth.做某事没有麻烦。e.g.I have trouble in reading the passage.我读这篇文章有些困难。He has no trouble finishing his homework.他毫不费力就完成了作业。be in trouble 处于不幸、苦恼、困境之中。e.g.The young man is in trouble.那位年轻人有麻烦了。look for trouble 自寻烦恼，get out of trouble 摆脱/走出困境。
4.if necessary 如果有必要，if so 如果这样。e.g.If necessary, you can keep a diary after class to improve your English.如果有必要，你可以在课后写日记来提高你的英语。If so, I believe you will make great progress in the future.如果这样，我相信将来你一定会取得大的进步。
5.ask sb.for help 向某人求助。e.g.You can ask me for help at any time if you like.I’m very glad to help you.如果愿意（的话），你可以随时向我求助。我很乐意帮助你。
6.travel旅行，动词。也可作名词，常指长距离旅行或国外旅行(可数或不可数名词)。e.g.travel around the world周游世界
journey常指远距离的陆地旅行(可数名词)。e.g.They decided to take a train journey.他们决定坐火车旅行。trip常指短距离的旅行、远足。e.g.I enjoyed our trip to the river.我喜欢那次到河边的旅行。
7.in general 通常，大体上，与usually同义。e.g.In general, he goes to school by bike.通常他骑自行车去上学。8.besides prep.，除······之外（还）。e.g.We have lots of things in common besides music.除了音乐，我们还有很多共同点。作副词，其意思是“此外，而且，再说”。e.g.I don’t really want to go.Besides, it’s too late now.我并非真的想去。而且这会儿太晚了。9.besides prep.，除······之外（还）。e.g.We have lots of things in common besides music.除了音乐，我们还有很多共同点。作副词，其意思是“此外，而且，再说”。e.g.I don’t really want to go.Besides, it’s too late now.我并非真的想去。而且这会儿太晚了。
10.once in a while意为“偶尔，间或”, while此处为名词，意为“一会儿；一段时间”，只用单数形式。常见的短语还有：after a while过了一会儿；for a while 一会儿，一段时间；all the while 一直，总是。
11.where English is not spoken 此处为定语从句，修饰country。定语从句要放在它所修饰的词后。
12.whenever 每当；无论何时，相当于no matter when。e.g.Whenever we come here, we can see someone we know.每当我们来这，我们都会见到熟人。
13....who understands his country’s language and culture.此句是一个定语从句，修饰a businessman or a businesswoman。
Unit 3 Topic 1 Section C 1.a.study 在这里作名词，意为“研究，书房”。作动词，意为“学习”。e.g.I have a small study in my house.在家中我有个小小的书房。e.g.We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。
b.show v.表明，说明，告知。show+从句。e.g.He wanted to show that he didn’t mind.他想表明他并不介意。Please show me where your leg hurts.请告诉我你的腿哪儿疼。show sb.the way to...告诉某人去„„的路。e.g.Could you show me the way to the station? 你能告诉我去车站的路吗？show sb.+疑问代词/疑问副词+不定式。e.g.I shall show you how to start the machine.我会给你示范怎样开动这台机器。
2.number 数目，数量。a number of 意为“许多„„”，后接复数名词，谓语也要用复数。e.g.A number of students passed the exam.许多学生通过了这次考试。
the number of 意为“„„的总数/数量”，后接复数名词，但谓语要用单数。e.g.The number of students is surprising.学生的数量是惊人的。
Unit 3 Topic 1 Section D 1.more and more 表示“越来越„„”除了修饰副词之外，还可修饰形容词和名词等。e.g.She was getting more and more irritated by his comments.她对他的评论越来越感到恼火。More and more people are using the Internet.越来越多的人在使用互联网。2.in the nineteenth century 在19世纪。表达“在几世纪”用短语“in the +序数词+century”。e.g.in the twenty-first century 在21世纪。表示“在几世纪几十年代”用“in the年份+s”e.g.in the 1860s在19世纪60年代。
3.take the leading position 处于领先地位。在某方面处于领先地位应用介词in。e.g.Russia takes the leading position in space industry.俄罗斯在航天工业方面处于领先地位。4.regard...as 把„„看作，把„„认为；as是介词，后接名词、形容词、动名词等，作补足语。相同意义的表达法有consider...as, look on/upon...as, take...as, think of...as等。e.g.I regard him as my best friend.我把他当作我最好的朋友。
Unit 3 Topic 2 Section A 1.follow 相当于understand，意为“理解，领会，听清楚”。e.g.Can you follow me? 你能听懂我的话吗？ follow跟随，追随。e.g.Please follow the guard to go upstairs.请跟随门卫上楼。follow还可意为“遵循，遵从，仿效”。e.g.follow the doctor’s advice 遵照医嘱。
2.say hello to sb.向某人问好，say sorry to sb.向某人道歉，say goodbye to sb.向某人道别, say thanks to sb.向某人致谢。e.g.When we meet in the morning, we should say hello to each other.当我们早上见面时，我们应该相互问好。I should say sorry to you, because I took your umbrella by mistake yesterday.我应该向你道歉，因为昨天我误拿了你的雨伞。School was over, we said goodbye to teachers and went home.放学了，我们同老师道别后就回家去了。When I wanted to say thanks to her, she has gone.当我想向她道谢时，她已经走了。
3.the same as...与„„相同，与„„一致。e.g.I’ll do the same as you.我将和你做同样的事。Her hair is the same color as her mother’s.她头发的颜色跟她母亲的一样。4.a.different 形容词“不同的”；名词为difference;副词为differently。be different from 和„„不同。e.g.Your new books are different from ours.你的新书和我们的不同。
b.English-speaking countries讲英语的国家;spoken English英语口语。5.am flying是现在进行时表示一个即将发生的动作。常有“意图”、“安排”或“打算”的含义，这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感，它常表示最近或较近的将来，所用的动词多是位移动词(come, go, start, leave, arrive...)。e.g.They’re leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.他们后天要去日本。When are you starting? 你什么时候动身？亦可用于某些非位移动词(sleep, take, change, work, meet, buy, see...)e.g.I’m meeting you after class.课后我来找你。6.mean v.意思是。过去式和过去分词为meant。“这个单词是什么意思？”可以表达为：What does the word mean? 或What do you mean by the word? 或What’s the meaning of the word?
Unit 3 Topic 2 Section B 1.see sb.off 送别,给某人送行。e.g.They went to the airport to see their friends off.他们去机场给朋友送行。
2.on one’s way to...在某人去„„的路上。e.g.on my way to school 在我去上学的路上。但当地点是副词时，不用to。e.g.on his way home 在他回家的路上。
the way to...去„„的路。e.g.the way to school 去学校的路。
3.with his thumb raised介词短语，在这里作伴随状语。e.g.The thief stood there with his arms tied behind his back.那个贼双手被绑在背后站在那里。
4.reach, get to, arrive in/at都是“到达”的意思。reach是及物动词，后面直接跟表示地点的词。reach Shanghai到达上海。get to是口头用语。e.g.What time shall we get to Shanghai? 我们什么时候到上海？ arrive in后接大地点；arrive at后接小地点。e.g.arrive in Beijing 到达北京；arrive at the station到达车站。但当get to, arrive in/at与副词连用时，不用介词。
e.g.get home 到家；arrive there 到那儿。5.be worried about...对„„感到着急/担心 e.g.My mother was worried about my grandma’s
health.She cooked all kinds of delicious food for her.我妈妈对奶奶的健康很担心，因此为她做了各种各样可口的饭菜。
worry about...对„„着急，担心。e.g.Don’t worry about me.I’m not a boy any longer.不要为我担心，我不再是个小孩子了。6.send sb.sth./send sth.to sb.意为“给某人寄/发送某物”。e.g.He sent a letter to his friend.他寄了一封信给他的朋友。也可以说成He sent his friend a letter.send sb.to+地点，让某人前往某处。e.g.She sent the kids to bed early.她早早打发孩子们睡觉了。
Unit 3 Topic 2 Section C 1.may v.(表示可能性)可能，也许。e.g.He may be right.他可能是对的。He may not be right.他也许不对。（不能理解为“他不可能是对的”。）比较He can’t be right.他不可能是对的。2.though conj.虽然，尽管（引导让步从句），意思与although相同, 一般though和although可以互换使用，但在even though中，不可以换为although, 而且though 不可以和but连用，相类似的是because 不可以和so连用。e.g.Though it was very late, he went on working.= It was very late, but he went on working.虽然很晚了，他还继续工作。It was cold outside, so you’d better put on your coat.= Because it was cold outside, you’d better put on your coat.因为外面很冷，所以你最好穿上大衣。
3.generally speaking 一般说来，大致上说。e.g.Generally speaking，the plan is welcomed.大致上说，这个计划是受欢迎的。4.as for sb./sth.至于某人/某物。e.g.As for me，it’s not important to stay here or go home.至于我，留在这儿还是回家并不重要。
Unit 3 Topic 2 Section D 1.come about 发生（尤指不受控制的），往往注重事情发生的原因，常与how连用。e.g.How did the quarrel come about? 这场争吵是怎么发生的？How did it come about? 这事是怎么发生的？ happen发生，语义较广，强调事情发生的偶然性。
e.g.When did the explosion happen? 爆炸是什么时候发生的？
take place 发生，强调是按计划发生的事。e.g.The Olympics takes place every four years.奥运会每4年举行一次。
2.be forced to do...被迫做„„，属被动语态。e.g.We are forced to do too much homework.我们被迫做太多的家庭作业。force sb.to do sth.迫使某人做某事，是主动语态。e.g.Don’t force your child to do anything he isn’t willing to do.不要强迫你的孩子做他不愿意做的事。
3.in the beginning 最初，起初。e.g.I was too shy to speak to her in the beginning.起初，我很腼腆，没有和她说话。4.German n.德语，德国人。其复数形式是“Germans”。Germany德国。
Unit 3 Topic 3 Section A 1.places of interest意为“名胜古迹”。e.g.There are many places of interest in Beijing.北京有许多名胜古迹。2.have long conversations with与„„长谈/进行较长的对话。“与„„交谈”还可以表达为have a long conversation/word/ talk with。
3.work hard at 在„„方面努力，致力于„„。e.g.They’re working hard at oral English.他们努力练习英语口语。hard-working意为“努力的，勤奋的”,为复合形容词，用作定语，后跟名词。
e.g.He works hard all the time.他一直努力工作。It’s hard work.这是艰苦的工作。a hard-working child 一个勤奋的孩子 4.oral English意为“英语口语”,等于spoken English。5.dare表示“敢于”，与need一样，既可用作情态动词，亦可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，它只有一种形式，后跟动词原形，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，它有第三人称单数式dares，现在分词daring及过去式和过去分词dared，后跟带to的不定式。e.g.She doesn’t dare to say anything.她什么都不敢说。（实义动词）How dare you speak to me like that!你怎么敢这样对我说话！（情态动词）
6.in public公开地，当众，公然地。e.g.He doesn’t like to speak in public.他不喜欢在公共场合讲话。
7.sleepy adj.困的，欲睡的。另外注意asleep adj.熟睡的，睡着的；sleepless adj.失眠的，不眠的；sleep v./n.睡；sleeper n.睡得很沉的人。
在英语中，有些名词词尾加上y, 就构成adj.。e.g.rain + y = rainy, wind + y = windy, health + y = healthy。8.be afraid of(doing)sth.与be afraid to do都可表示“害怕，不敢”，但是，谈论我们自己也无法左右的突发事情时，要用doing的形式。e.g.I’m afraid of falling into the swimming pool.我担心会掉进游泳池里去。Are you afraid of snakes? 你害怕蛇吗？I’m afraid to dive into the swimming pool.我不敢在游泳池里跳水。
9.a.It seems that+从句=sb./sth.seems to do 似乎,好像。e.g.It seems that she was angry with me then.= She seems to be angry with me then.那时她好像生我的气了。
b.make progress取得进展，而“在某方面取得进展”应说成make progress with...。e.g.I made progress with my English.我在英语方面取得了进展。
10.本句中的宾语部分是“疑问词+不定式”结构，这种结构有时可以转化成一个宾语从句。本句话也可以说成I don’t know what I should do.“疑问词+不定式”这种结构还可以作主语、宾语、表语等，在作宾语时，其动作尚未发生，在转换成宾语从句时需加情态动词或用将来时表示未来。
e.g.When to go to Beijing hasn’t been decided.何时去北京尚未决定。The question is where to find it.问题是去哪儿找它。She will teach me how to search the Internet=She will teach me how I can search the Internet.她将教我如何上网。11.a.at times有时，等于sometimes。b.feel like 此处表示“想要”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，feel like +n./pron./v.-ing = would like+n./pron./to do sth.e.g.I feel like walking in the open air.我想去户外散步。另外feel like还可以表示“感觉起来像„„”。e.g.I feel like a fool.我感觉自己像个傻瓜。
c.give up放弃，后接名词或v.-ing作宾语，如果宾语是人称代词，则必须放在give up中间。如果宾语是名词或v.-ing，放在give up中间或后面均可。
e.g.You’d better give up smoking.你最好戒烟。
Unit 3 Topic 3 Section B 1.give sb.some advice on/about...给某人一些有关„„的建议。介词on和about大多数情况下可通用，但若表示较为正式的话题，应用on。此处还应注意advice为不可数名词。e.g.Can you give me some advice on buying a house? 你能给我一些买房子的建议吗？
2.take a deep breath深呼吸。
3.I wonder when is the best time to remember words.wonder此处为动词，意为“想知道；对„„感到奇怪，对„„感到疑惑”。意为“想知道”时，相当于want to know。e.g.I wonder where to buy this book.我想知道到哪里买这本书。另外，wonder还可用作名词，意为“惊讶，惊叹”，还可表示“奇观，奇迹，奇才”；wonder+ ful = wonderful形容词，意为“奇妙的，令人惊叹的”。
4.the best time to do sth.做某事最好的时间。e.g.The best time to read English is in the morning.读英语的最好时间是在早上。5.do lots of listening practice 做大量听力训练，do some speaking/reading/writing practice 做一些说/读/写的训练。
Unit 3 Topic 3 Section C 1.opinion n.意为“意见，看法，主张，见解”。e.g.in one’s opinion依某人的看法。2.retell v.复述，重新讲述。e.g.Please retell your answer.请复述一下你的答案。3.when在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，前后主语一致时，连接现在分词作状语，类似的词有while, until。e.g.Please think about the main idea while reading.阅读的同时，请思考文章主旨。4.It’s an honor to do sth.做某事感到荣幸。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth.。e.g.It’s an honor to work with Miss Ma.和马老师一起工作是我们的荣幸。
5.advise v.劝告，建议，常用短语为：advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事。e.g.I advise you to leave now.我建议你现在就离开。
6.Good job!做得好！常用于口语中，相当于Well done!7.remember后既可接to do,也可以接doing作宾语，二者所表示的意义不同。remember to do sth.意为“记着去做„„”，表示事情还没做；remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事”，表示事情已做过了。
e.g.Remember to turn off the light when you leave.离开时记得关上灯。I remember having returned the book to you，why do you ask me for it again? 我记得已把书还给你了，为什么还向我要呢？ 类似的短语还有forget to do sth.和forget doing sth.。
8.词语辨析sure和certain意义非常相似: Are you sure/certain(that)you locked the door? 你肯定把门锁上了吗?
We must make sure/certain(that)we arrive on time.我们必须确保按时到达。You have to book early to be sure/certain of getting a room.你得提早预订以确保订到一间房间。
表示肯定用sure/certain to do sth: It’s sure to rain tomorrow(=I think it will definitely rain).明天肯定要下雨。She’s certain to be late(=I am certain that she’ll be late).她肯定要迟到。
你可以用it is certain that but not it is sure that.可用it is certain that,但不能用it is sure that: It is certain that thousands of people will die in the famine.肯定还有数千人将死于饥荒。
在口语中，sure的语气听起来可能不如certain强：I’m sure she’ll come if she can(=I believe/hope she will).我相信只要能够她就会来。
sure亦作副词，尤其在美国口语中：He sure likes hot dogs.他当然喜欢吃热狗。That sure is a good idea.那肯定是个好主意。9.as long as 只要，相当于only if。e.g.We’ll go to park as long as the weather is good tomorrow.只要明天天气好，我们就去公园。
10.stick to 坚持，不放弃，后接名词（短语）或v.-ing作宾语。e.g.He stuck to practicing the violin though he hated it.虽然他讨厌练习拉小提琴但还是坚持下来了。
Unit 3 Topic 3 Section D 1.not always 未必，不一定，表示部分否定。
e.g.The rich are not always happy.富有未必总快乐。2.last but not least 最后但同样重要的。
e.g.Last but not least, let me introduce Jane, our new secretary.最后但同样重要的(一件事)是，让我来介绍简———我们新来的秘书。
3.keep(on)doing sth.一直不断地做某事。on可省略。
e.g.Why do you keep(on)laughing all the time? 你们为什么总是在笑？
keep sb./sth.doing sth.让某人/物一直做某事。e.g.You kept me waiting for two hours.你让我等了两个小时。Unit 4 Topic 1 Section A 1.make great progress in(doing)sth.在（做）某事方面取得巨大进步。e.g.He has made great progress in learning English.他在英语学习方面已取得巨大进步。
2.achieve one’s dream实现/成就某人的梦想。
e.g.I hope to achieve my dream when I grow up.我希望长大后能实现我的梦想。
Unit 4 Topic 1 Section B 1.a.speed n.速度。at a high speed 高速，at a speed of 5 meters a second 以每秒5米的速度。b.direction n.方向，方位。e.g.in every direction 向四面八方
direct adj.直的，径直的。e.g.the direct road 直通道路，a direct train直达列车。
directly adv.直接地。e.g.The drops of rain fall on the ground directly.雨滴直接落在地上。2.advise sb.to do sth.劝告，建议某人做某事。e.g.I’d advise you not to tell him.我劝你别告诉他。
3.introduction n.介绍，其动词形式为introduce介绍，引进。introduce...to sb.把„„介绍给某人。e.g.He introduced Mr.Lee to me.他向我介绍了李先生。
introduce sth.into...把某事物传入或引进某地（into后常跟地点作介宾）。e.g.Tobacco was introduced into Europe from America.烟草是由美洲传入欧洲的。
Unit 4 Topic 1 Section C 1.There is no doubt 毫无疑问/毋庸置疑。e.g.There is no doubt that computers are very important.毫无疑问，计算机是非常重要的。
2.keep their hearts beating 使他们的心脏跳动。their hearts作keep的宾语，beating是现在分词作宾语补足语。
3.controlled by computers是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰robots。that is dangerous to humans是定语从句修饰work。4.order n.订货(单)，place and cancel orders 下订单和取消订单。e.g.The Canadian Air Force has placed a large order for electronic equipment.加拿大空军订购了一大批电子设备。
5.come into being出现，产生，开始存在。e.g.SARS came into being in 2003.2003年出现了非典。
6.instead of代替，而不是。e.g.We should do something instead of just talking about it.我们不能只是谈论，应当做点什么。instead adv.代替，替代。e.g.If you can’t go there, I will go instead.如果你不能去，我可以替你去。
7.for instance 例如，instance(同example)例子，实例。e.g.Let me give you some instances.我来给你举几个例子。
such as例如，常指列举同类事物。e.g.There are many kinds of fruit in the market, such as apples, oranges, lemons.市场里有许多种水果，例如苹果、橘子、柠檬等。
Unit 4 Topic 1 Section D 1.follow v.遵循，听从，接受。e.g.Why didn’t you follow my advice? 你为什么不听我的忠告？We should follow the traffic rules and we mustn’t break them.我们应该遵守交通规则，不要违反。
follow v.跟随，伴随，follow sb.to do sth.跟着某人去做某事。e.g.That stranger followed Dr.Li to go upstairs.那个陌生人跟着李医生上了楼。
following adj.下列的，接着的。e.g.Which of the following sentences is true? 下列句子中哪一个正确？ 2.turn on打开（各种开关），与此相反的是turn off 关闭。类似的短语还有:turn up（声音）开大一点，turn down关小一点。3.connect...to/with...(把„„和„„)连接。e.g.connect to the Internet = connect with the Internet和因特网连接上。
connect...into...把„„连接成„„。e.g.The Internet connects the whole world into one “small village”.因特网把整个世界连成了一个“小村庄”。
4.type it in把它输入。e.g.If you type in your name on the Internet, there will be many names like yours.It’s very interesting.如果你在网上输入你的名字，将会有许多和你一样的名字。很有趣。
Unit 4 Topic 2 Section A 1.be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事, allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事；allow doing sth.允许做某事。e.g.She allowed me to go fishing.她允许我去钓鱼。We don’t allow smoking in the reading room.我们不允许在阅览室吸烟。2.too much既是形容词短语，也是副词短语，所以它既可修饰名词也可修饰动词。e.g.too much water 太多的水；eat too much 吃得太多
另外注意too much后接的是不可数名词；too many +可数名词复数；much too常用在形容词或副词之前修饰形容词或副词。e.g.much too long 太长，much too fast 太快 3.show v.给„„看。
show sth.to sb.= show sb.sth.把某物给某人看。
e.g.Can you show your new watch to me? = Can you show me your new watch? 你能把新手表给我看看吗？
show sb.around...带领某人参观。e.g.Welcome to my city.I’ll show you around some places of interest.欢迎来我市，我将带你参观一些名胜古迹。
show n.展览、展示,on show 展出。e.g.There is a TV play on show on CCTV-1.在中央一台有一部电视剧在上演。4.be made of/from 由„„制成。be made of(看得出原材料)；be made from(看不出原材料)。e.g.The desk is made of wood.桌子是由木材制成的。Paper is made from wood.纸是由木材制成的。be made in 在„„制造。e.g.The watch is made in Shanghai.手表是在上海制造的。
be made by sb.由某人制造。e.g.The model plane was made by my father.飞机模型是我爸爸做的。
5.be used for 被用来做„„。e.g.Pens are used for writing.钢笔被用来写字。这种结构也可以变成be used to do sth.。类似的结构还有:be used as被用作；be used by被谁所用。e.g.English is used as a foreign language in China.英语在中国被当做外语。Computers are used by some people as toys.电脑被有些人当玩具用。
be used后还可以跟不定式。e.g.This machine can be used to study English.这种机器可用来学习英语。
6.wish(希望)后面接that从句常用虚拟语气。本句表达康康的主观臆想，不一定能实现，像这种表示主观愿望和假想的语气叫虚拟语气。当表示现在的愿望，从句中谓语动词用过去式；当表示将来的愿望，从句中动词用could/would加动词原形。e.g.I wish that I didn’t have to go to work today.我希望今天不用上班。I wish I could have my own house.我希望我能拥有自己的房子。
7.come true 变成真的，实现。come这里起到连系动词的作用。go也有类似用法。e.g.The fish has gone bad.这鱼已经变坏了。8.around adv.大约，左右，相当于about。e.g.We’ll come back around/about in a month.我们大约在一个月后返回。There are around/about 5 000 students in our school.在我们学校大约有5 000个学生。9.be developed 某物被研制。这里不用in,因为in的宾语是where,而where是副词，所以不用in。试比较Which place is it made in? 它是哪里制造的？因为宾语which place是名词短语所以用in。类似的还有What are you looking for? 你正在找什么？Where do you live? 你住在哪儿？Which place do you live in? 你住在哪儿？
Unit 4 Topic 2 Section B 1.in people’s daily life 在人们的日常生活中，相当于in our everyday life。2.a.It’s said that...据说„„，听说„„
it是形式主语，真正主语是that连接的从句。
e.g.It is said that you have sent him three letters.据说你已经给他发了三封信。类似的结构还有It’s reported that...据报道„„。
e.g.It’s reported that China will send up Shenzhou Ⅷ into space in a few years.据报道中国几年后将向太空发射神舟八号。b.during one’s life
某人一生，相当于in one’s life。
e.g.Lei Feng did a lot of good things during his life.雷锋在他一生中做了许多好事。3.go this way 走这边，相当于take/come this way。
4.was created 被创造，属被动语态，结合下文，Dolly是科学家采用克隆技术得到的，因此没用be born(出生)短语。5.DNA脱氧核糖核酸。e.g.DNA fingerprinting DNA 指纹鉴定 6.human being 可数名词，意为“人”。可解释为：a man，a woman or a child。而man，可以作不可数名词，指人类。e.g.This is one of the worst diseases known to man.这是人类已知的最严重的疾病之一。
human当“人类”讲时，通常用复数形式human beings, humans;而man当“人类”讲时，通常用单数man。7.has been used 已经被使用。是现在完成时被动语态。其结构为：has/have+been+动词的过去分词。
Unit 4 Topic 2 Section C 1.no one和none都表示否定，但用法有所不同，它们的区别是：
a.no one用来指人，含有not even one（连一个人也没有）之意，其后不能接of短语。用作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。e.g.No one knew who took the book by mistake.没有人知道谁误拿了这本书。
No one likes a person with bad manners.谁也不喜欢不讲礼貌的人。
b.none不仅指人也可指物，其后常接of短语，构成“none of+名词/代词”结构。当名词是复数时，谓语动词单复数均可。e.g.None of the houses has/have a large garden in some big cities.在一些大城里，没有一幢房子带有大花园。注意：—How many people are there in your classroom now? 现在你班里有多少人？—None.没有人。—Who is in your classroom now? 谁现在在教室里？—No one.没有人。know/say for certain确切知道/肯定地说
e.g.—How much will the car cost? —这辆车值多少钱？—I can’t say for certain.—我说不准。I know for certain that Bobby is at home.我肯定鲍比在家。
2.work for...意为“受雇于；从事„„工作”。e.g.She works for a big company.她在一家大公司工作。3.be surprised at/by为„„而感到惊讶。e.g.I was surprised at Sue’s outburst.苏突然大怒了，我很惊讶。
be surprised to do sth.为„„而惊讶或惊喜。e.g.I was surprised to know that I had passed.得知自己通过时，我感到非常惊喜。4.once 这里是连词，意为“一旦”“一„„就„„”,用来引导时间状语从句。e.g.Once she arrives, we can start.她一到，我们就可以开始。
5.think for oneself独立思考，think to oneself自己心里想着。e.g.I often teach my students to think for themselves.我经常教我的学生独立思考。I thought to myself, he must be here.我暗自思忖，他一定在这儿。6.warn v.警告。其结构有warn sb.to do sth.告诫某人某事；warn sb.about/of sth.关于某事警告某人。
warn sb.against doing sth.或warn sb.not to do sth.告诫某人不要做某事。e.g.I warned him to stay there.我告诫他留在那儿。warn me of danger 警告我危险。He warned us not to go out.或He warned us against going out.他告诫我们不能出去。
另外warn sb.that 提醒某人„„。e.g.Our teachers warn us that we should do our homework carefully.我们的老师提醒我们应该认真做家庭作业。
7.no longer 不再。e.g.You are no longer a little girl.你不再是个小姑娘了。
同义词组not...any longer 表示动作不再延续，后接延续性动词。e.g.You can’t stay here any longer.你不能再待这儿了。同义词组还有：no more，not...any more。表示动作不再重复，后接瞬间动词。e.g.Paul and Ann aren’t going out together any more.保罗和安已经分手了。
8.a.might是may的过去式，可用于指过去也可用于指现在，但语气较为缓和、委婉，含义更不确定，或表示虚拟语气。e.g.He told me that it might be true.他告诉过我那可能是真的。It might help a little if you would only keep clean.你只要愿意保持清洁，情况或许就会好些。I’m afraid he may fall ill.我恐怕他会生病。
b.treat v.对待。常用treat sb./sth.as/like sth.(以„„的方式对待)和treat sth.as sth.(把„„看作/视为)。e.g.Yang Liwei was treated as a hero.杨利伟被当成英雄看待。My parents still treat me like a child.我父母仍用对待孩子的方式对待我。
Unit 4 Topic 2 Section D 1.in...direction 按/朝„„方向。
e.g.These old tombs were lined in the same direction.这些古墓是按同一方向排列的。That motor bike hit a truck coming in the opposite direction.那辆摩托车撞上了一辆迎面开来的卡车。
2.work(well)奏效，起作用，产生影响。e.g.The medicine worked well.药物奏效了。The plan works well.这项计划执行得好。work out 计算，算出。e.g.work out a maths problem 算出（解出)一道数学题； work at 做，从事，学习，攻读。e.g.He is working at Russian.他在攻读俄语。
work as 从事某种职业。e.g.work as a teacher 当老师。
work on/upon 从事,忙于。e.g.They’re working on their homework.他们在忙着做作业。
3.the rest 剩余部分，后接of+n.如果跟的是可数名词复数形式，它就是复数；如果跟不可数名词，它就是单数。e.g.The rest of the apples are for you.剩下的苹果是给你的。The rest of the milk has gone bad.剩下的牛奶变坏了。
Unit 4 Topic 3 Section A 1.like与as的用法区别：like说明相似关系，即二者在形态、性质上相似，但不等同。e.g.He has done a lot of good things like Lei Feng.他像雷锋一样做了许多好事。as说明同一关系，指身份，意为“作为,当作”。e.g.Don’t treat me as a child.I’m 15.别把我当小孩子了，我都十五岁了。as还有“像，按照”的意思。e.g.Please do it as I told you.请照我的吩咐去做。I have the same idea as you.我和你想法一样。2.be able to与can的意义相当，can没有将来时和完成时。因此在shall, will, have等后面，要用be able to。e.g.He is able to cook.= He can cook.他会做饭。I’ll be able to ride a bike.我就要会骑自行车了。注意：be able to与can不能重叠使用。
3....that can be done on the earth.定语从句修饰anything。从句的谓语用的是带有情态动词的被动语态，构成形式是“情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词”。
e.g.Trees can be planted in spring.树可以在春季栽种。
4.What fun!多么有趣啊！这里fun为不可数名词，有趣的事。类似的感叹句。e.g.What a pity!多么遗憾啊！What a shame!多么丢脸啊！
5.此句是I’m afraid so.的否定句。类似的句子还有I hope so.我希望如此。I hope not.我希望不是这样。但注意：I think so.我认为是这样。I don’t think so.我认为不是这样。I don’t expect so.= I expect not.我想不会的。I don’t suppose so.= I suppose not.我想不会的。
6.in order to...为了„„，表示目的，后接动词原形，相当于so as to。in order to既可放在句首又可放在句中；so as to只能放在句中，不能放在句首。它们的否定形式都是在to前加not，即in order not to，so as not to。它们后只能接动词原形，如果后接目的状语从句则用in order that或so that。e.g.They did anything in order to/so as to make money.为了赚钱他们什么事都做。In order not to fail the exam，he studied for fourteen hours every day.为了考试不失利，他每天学习14个小时。She went to England last year in order that/so that she could learn standard English.她去年去了英国，为的是学习标准英语。
7.当think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接的宾语从句含有not等否定词，且主语为第一人称时，该否定应移至主句，即否定主句的谓语动词。e.g.I don’t think it will rain tomorrow.我认为明天不会下雨。当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，否定式一般不转移。e.g.He supposes they won’t win the game.他猜想他们赢不了比赛。
注意:改写反意疑问句时，当主句的主语为第一人称时，反意疑问句的主、谓要与从句一致。如果主句的主语是第二、三人称时，反意疑问句的主谓与主句一致。e.g.He thinks he can make it, doesn’t he? 他认为他能办到，是吗？I don’t think it will rain tomorrow, will it? 我认为明天不会下雨，是吗？
8.a.not...until...直到„„才，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。e.g.I won’t go until you come back.你不回来，我不走。注意：当主句的动词为wait, watch, think等延续性动词时不与not连用。e.g.We will wait for you until twelve o’clock.我们将等你到12点钟。
b.with one’s own eyes 亲眼所见。e.g.We should observe the things around us with our own eyes.我们应该亲自去观察周围的情况。
Unit 4 Topic 3 Section B 1.on TV在电视上，on the Internet 在网上。
2.discover v.发现（找到原本存在但未发现的东西）。
e.g.Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。invent v.发明(发明的对象是以前从未存在的新东西)。
e.g.The inventor invented a lot of things all his life.这位发明家一生创造了许多的发明。
find v.多指偶然发现、碰到。后可接名词、复合结构或that从句。e.g.Have you found the book you have been looking for? 你找到一直找的书了吗？
find out指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相、真情,调查找出原因或发现秘密、错误等,后一般接名词或从句。e.g.Have you found out why he was late? 你弄清了他为什么迟到吗？
3.base...on 以„„为根据，常用于被动语态。e.g.The book is based on teaching book.那本书是根据教材改编的。4.decide to do sth.决定做某事。e.g.They decided to go at once.他们决定马上走。
Unit 4 Topic 3 Section C 1.name...after 以„„的名字给„„取名。be named after 是被动语态。e.g.The baby was named after Bruce Lee.这个婴儿的名字是以李小龙的名字取的。
2.at a distance of相隔，at a distance在远处。e.g.The moon goes around the earth at a distance of 380 000 km.月球在距地球38万千米的地方绕地球旋转。The police followed him at a distance.警察远远地跟着他。in the distance在远处。e.g.That is Long Island in the distance over there.那边远处是长岛。3.tell在这里为“辨别，区别，认出”，常和can, could, be able to连用。e.g.It was so dark that I couldn’t tell it was you.天太暗了，我没有认出是你。
4.two-fifths as strong as...相当于„„的五分之二强度, two-fifths=two fifths五分之二。half as big as...像„„一半那样大；twice as long as...像„„两倍那样长。e.g.The population of this city is twice as large as that of that city.这个城市的人口是那个城市的两倍。
Unit 4 Topic 3 Section D 1....there has been...已经有„„，是there be句型的现在完成时。其结构是There have/has been...。e.g.There have been many kinds of robots so far.到目前为止已经有很多种机器人。
there be 结构的其他时态形式还有：There may be...可能有„„;There will be...或There is/are going to be...将要有„„。2.yet, already, still都可用作副词，且都有“已经，还”的意思，但用法不同。yet通常与一般现在时或现在完成时连用，常用于否定句，疑问句中；already主要用于肯定句中，常用于完成时，也可用于一般过去时（与延续性动词连用）。如果是系表结构的句子，也可用于一般现在时；still常用于肯定句、疑问句或否定句中，表示“某事尚在进行中”。
e.g.Is supper ready yet? 晚饭准备好了吗？I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。She’s already here.她已经到了。Does he still work in the factory? 他还在那个工厂工作吗？He has not begun to work yet.他尚未开始工作。
3.And there are seven other planets that also go around the sun.that also go around the sun是定语从句，修饰planets。4.alone与lonely的区别和用法：alone表示“单独，独自一个人”,不含感情色彩。e.g.She lives alone, but she doesn’t feel lonely.她独自住着，但并不感到孤独。lonely指“（人）孤独寂寞；（地方）荒无人烟”，有浓厚的伤感色彩，可作定语或表语。e.g.a lonely village 孤寂的村庄。
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