(英语毕业论文)中美饮食文化的差异（共5篇）

第一篇：(英语毕业论文)中美饮食文化的差异

最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作 1 英汉动物词汇文化内涵对比 论商务英语信函写作的语篇衔接与连贯 3 交际翻译视角下的公示语汉英翻译 4 英语中的性别歧视 游戏在初中英语教学中的作用 An Interpretation to The Characters in Nella Larsen’s Novel—Passing 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Chinese Translations of English Film Titles：A Perspective of Functional Equivalence 商务谈判中幽默语的运用 商标翻译的美学特征和技巧 《善良的乡下人》的喜剧性分析

内向型与外向型性格对英语学习的影响 情景教学法在初中英语词汇教学中的应用 浅论国产小米手机的营销策略

文档所公布均英语专业全英原创毕业论文。原创Q 805 990 74 9 《名利场》的女性主义解读

Analysis of Advertisements Based on the Cooperative Principle 简奥斯丁《爱玛》中的爱玛形象分析

An Analysis of the D Film Alice in Wonderland from the Perspective of Gothicism 分析《了不起的盖茨比》及美国梦的幻灭 《雾都孤儿》中的正邪儿童形象

A Comparison of the English Color Terms 约翰济慈的女性化倾向分析 关于中国文化教学的文献综述 丰田如何成为全球第一汽车生产商

Hardy’s View of feminism from Sue Bridehead in Jude the Obscure 中学英语写作中的中介语错误分析

高中英语教学过程中实施情感教育的研究

电影《喜福会》反映出的中西家庭价值观的差异

扼杀在萌芽中的期许—“一小时里故事”中的女权渴望 英汉诗歌中“月”意象的认知解读

Research on the Expression of the Speaker’s Intention in English and Chinese Conversation 译员主体性在歌曲《我有个梦》歌词翻译中的体现 论福斯塔夫的性格

论合作原则与礼貌原则在外贸函电翻译中的适用性 浅谈简•奥斯丁《劝导》的反讽艺术 英汉形状类量词的隐喻认知分析 论中国神话和希腊神话的文化差异

论《最蓝的眼睛》里黑人女性身份的迷失 女性哥特视角下的《蝴蝶梦》

从社会心理学的角度分析《夜色温柔》中主人公迪克的堕落 英语政治委婉语的语用功能 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 王熙凤与斯嘉丽的对比研究

《哈利•波特》系列作品中颜色的象征意义 中西文化差异在广告创意中的影射

On the Contradiction and Conflict between Religion and Love in The Thorn Birds 从美国总统选举看其民主政治

《红字》中的丁梅斯代尔和齐灵渥斯谁更“恶”？ 《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲剧的分析 从世纪后服饰发展比较中西文化差异 《白鲸》的象征意义和悲剧内涵分析 评《简爱》中的现实主义和浪漫主义

Perception of the Beat Generation through John Lennon 生态哲人约翰斯坦贝克

论幽默元素在《老友记》字幕中的翻译

A Study of Cultural Differences Reflected in Chinese and English Proverbs 从“米兰达”的人物形象看凯瑟琳安波特的女性观 浅析《格列佛游记》讽刺手法的运用

女性人格的双重性——从心理学的角度对比分析凯瑟琳和简爱 法律术语的模糊性及其翻译 从语言表达看中西思维方式差异 浅析英语外加状语的语用功能

新课程背景下中学英语教学培养学生跨文化交际能力的意义与对策 从功能翻译理论的角度论中文菜单的英译 电影《功夫熊猫》中美文化融合现象分析 电影名称的翻译特点

浅析《喜福会》中母女冲突的存在与消融 英汉同声传译技巧初探

论《红字》中海斯特的女性主义

跨文化商务谈判中的文化差异及应对技巧 从女性主义视角分析《飘》中斯佳丽人物形象 A Pragmatic Analysis of Oxymoron in Advertising 72 从接受理论看赛珍珠的《水浒传》翻译

如何在高中英语教学中培养学生的创新思维能力

维多利亚时期英国女性文学作品的三个男性形象分析

浅谈儿童文学在儿童成长中的作用-弗朗西斯霍奇森伯内特《小公主》和《秘密花园》之比较

《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》三个中文译本的对比赏析 77 浅析《远大前程》中主人公皮普性格发展的形成因素 78 外贸英文函电中委婉语的特点及应用研究

当女人成为男人－－试析《紫色》中西莉的性向转变 80 汽车广告英语的语言特点及其翻译 81

形合与意合对比研究及翻译策略 83 从文化视角下看中美家庭教育的差异 84 冯内古特《五号屠场》的主题分析 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 《魔戒》中的现实主义初探

《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情和婚姻

高中英语听、说、读教学活动中写作融入模式的初探 高中英语写作前口语活动设计与实施建议

从冲突到和解—解析《接骨师之女》中的母女关系 人性的堕落——解析《蝇王》人性恶的主题 中学生英语阅读语义障碍和其教学应对策略 比较中西方礼仪差别

英汉基本颜色词文化内涵对比研究

NICE V.S.P&G from the Perspective of Market Segmentation 95 试析译者主体性在《到灯塔去》两个汉译本中的体现 96 浅析《老人与海》中人与自然的和谐之美 97 论《红字》中的自助

从《红字》看霍桑的政治观

艾米莉狄金森诗歌中的动物意象研究 100 李白《静夜思》六种英译本的对比研究 101 《红字》中珠儿与《雷雨》中周萍之比较 102 广告语及标语动词的翻译

商务策略研究——论沃尔玛的营销策略 104 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 105 伊丽莎白．贝内特与简．爱的婚姻观之比较

《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中奶妈与《西厢记》中红娘的人物形象对比

An Analysis of the Transformation of Scarlett’s Personality in Gone with the Wind 108 Cultural Input and Syllabus in English Teaching 109 An Analysis of Tess’s Tragic Fate and the Realization of Hardy’s Fatalism

从《人性的枷锁》看毛姆的人生观

A Study on English and Chinese Euphemisms from the Perspective of Cultural Difference 112 双关语在英语广告中的应用与翻译研究 113 国际商务合同的英语语言特点及其翻译探析 114 母语在中学英语教学中的作用 115 广告英语中语言的性别差异 116 初中英语教学中的角色扮演

大众文化视角下的另类古典小说-斯蒂芬妮•梅尔《暮光之城》之畅销解读 118 体育新闻英语文体特点分析

“工业小说”《玛丽•巴顿》的宗教解析 120 论《蝴蝶梦》哥特效果的整体性

游戏教学法在初中英语课堂教学中的应用 122 简析《卡斯特桥市长》中亨查德的悲剧命运 123 新课标下初中英语教师角色转变的研究 124 《无名的裘德》中哈代的宗教思想探讨

The Study of English Film Title Translation Methods and Some Requirements to the Translators 126 An Interpretation of China Boy from the Perspective of Post-colonialism 127 从自然主义角度解读《苔丝》的悲观主义 128 论《达芬奇密码》中的基督教元素

认知语境与人名隐喻的翻译研究—基于《红楼梦》英译文的个案研究 130 中英文幽默映射的语言与文化差异 131 撒旦和孙悟空的形象和文化内涵对比

[毕业论文](法语系毕业论文)杜拉斯《情人》的艺术成就

论英文电影字幕翻译及其制约因素——以《别对我说谎》为例 134 从成长小说角度解读《马丁•伊登》 135 浅析爱伦坡《怪异故事集》中的哥特美

Risk Comparing of Documentary Collection and Letters of Credit 137 海明威的生态意识在《老人与海》中的体现

极权主义下人性的扭曲——用福柯的空间理论解读乔治·奥威尔的《》 139 Analysis on Humors in Short Stories by Mark Twain 140 身势语在初中与高中英语课堂中的不同应用 141 怎样提高非英语专业学生的阅读理解 142 英汉数字之间的文化对比研究

A Study on the Introduction of English Culture in Junior Middle School English Teaching 144 跨文化交际中的社交语用失误及其对英语教学的启示 145 Character is Fate —An Analysis of the Tragic Fate of Henchard 146 功能对等理论在英语习语翻译中的应用 147 《可爱的骨头》的电影改编分析

从中药化妆品看中国传统文化的传播

试比较中美中学历史教育中历史思维的培养 150 从功能对等角度看信用证英语的翻译

151 美国犹太文化与传统犹太文化的冲突——浅析《再见吧，哥伦布》 152 亨利詹姆斯的《戴茜米勒》中的文化冲突和文化融合 153 高中英语互动式课堂教学模式研究

154 《汤姆·索亚历险记》中所反映的社会问题

155 The Loss and Gain in Classical Chinese Poetry Translation 156 浅论美国文化霸权的确立

157 从《蜘蛛侠》系列看美国的英雄主义 158 非语言交际在国际商务谈判中的运用 159 浅谈中学生英语自主学习能力的培养

160 困境下的回归－－从生态角度看乞力马扎罗的雪 161 Jude the Obscure and Hardy’s World View 162 哈金小说《等待》中的女性悲剧分析 163 《简爱》和《吕贝卡》中女权意识的对比 164 商务信函中的语气结构分析

165 《贵妇画像》主题和写作艺术特征 166 浅析《红字》中的象征意义 167 归化与异化在翻译策略中的研究

168 A Comparison and Contrast between Works by Byron and Shelley 169 浅析好莱坞类型电影文化

170 英文商务索赔信的人际意义功能分析 171 英汉网络缩略语对比研究 172 《傲慢与偏见》基本婚姻观背后的世纪英国社会历史因素 173 《弗兰肯斯坦》中怪物身份的矛盾性 174 中西方快餐的文化差异 175 英汉新词对比研究

176 关联理论视角下唐诗的翻译

177 索尔贝娄的《银碟》中父子关系的分析 178 浅析《黑暗的心》女性形象的作用

179 A Study on Problems and Solutions to JEFC Teaching under Multi-level Modes 180 论人文主义在《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》中的体现

181 他者形象：最逆来顺受与最狂野的—中国女性在西方电影中的形象 182 浅析爱德华·摩根·福斯特《霍华德庄园》中的语言特色 183 汉语新词及其英译策略研究

184 美国牛仔形象演变和西部电影发展的研究

185 野性的回归－－试析《野性的呼唤》中巴克的生存斗争 186 《榆树下的欲望》卡博特的悲剧分析

187 On the Translation of Chinese Classical Poetry from Aesthetic Perspective—Based on the different English versions of “Tian Jing ShaQiu Si”

188 从文本类型角度看旅游宣传资料的汉英翻译 189 解读海明威小说《老人与海》中的生态意识 190 英汉致使事件词汇化模式对比研究 191 论英语课堂教学中的非语言交际

192 初中生英语口语常见错误分析及纠错策略

193 从《推销员之死》看消费主义时代美国梦的破灭 194 浅析《弗兰肯斯坦》中怪物“善”与“恶”的转变 195 论林语堂对《浮生六记》中比喻的翻译

196 英语专业学生议论文写作中连接词使用情况研究 197 汉英习语翻译中文化因素的处理

198 从合作原则和礼貌原则的角度分析外贸函电中否定信息的传递 199 浅析斯蒂芬•克莱恩《新娘来到黄天镇》的艺术风格

第二篇：中美饮食文化差异参考文献

Bibliography [1] Chang, K.C., Food in Chinese culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspective.USA: The Vail-Ballou Press Inc., Binghamton, N.Y., 1997.[2] Feng xueyang.Differences on Food Culture Between China and The United States.Beihua University.2012 [3] Hall.E.T, Beyond Culture.New York: Anchor Books, 1989.[4] Margaret Visor.Evolution, Eccentricities, and Meaning of Table manners.New York: Penguin Books, 1991.[5] Samovar, L.Communication between Cultures.Beijing: Peking University Press.2004.Hall, E.(1959).The Silent Language.New York: Doubleday.[6] 杜莉，孙俊秀，高海薇.中西饮食文化比较[C].成都：四川科技出版社.2004.[7] 杜学增.中英文化习俗比较[ M].北京: 外语教学与研究出版社,1999.[8] 多晓萍．从饮食角度浅析中西文化[J]．兰州工业高等专科学校学报2005,(12).p.8.[9] 李明英.社会习俗与饮食文化[J].锦州师范学院学报,1997,(3).p.87.[10] 刘承华.文化与人格：对中西方差异的一次比较[J].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,2002,p.105.

第三篇：(英语毕业论文)论中美送礼文化差异

本科生毕业设计（论文）封面

（2016 届）

论文（设计）题目 作 者 学 院、专 业 班 级 指导教师（职称）论 文 字 数 论文完成时间

大学教务处制

英语原创毕业论文参考选题(200个)

一、论文说明

本写作团队致力于英语毕业论文写作与辅导服务，精通前沿理论研究、仿真编程、数据图表制作，专业本科论文3000起，具体可以联系qq958035640。下列所写题目均可写作。部分题目已经写好原创。

二、原创论文参考题目 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 《飘》中斯佳丽的性格特征解读 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 析《鲁滨逊漂流记》中“星期五”的人物形象 浅析《野性的呼唤》中人的意象

从莎士比亚女性主义意识浅析《驯悍记》主角凯瑟琳娜 浅析英汉语言中颜色词的运用

《红楼梦》两英译版本中姓名翻译的对比研究 从电影《乱世佳人》看美国女性价值观 《了不起的盖茨比》叙述者尼克分析 立法语言模糊现象研究——以刑法为视角 11 英汉同义词对比及翻译 12 论《小妇人》中的超验主义思想 13 从理解文化角度翻译英语习语 14 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 15 李清照“声声慢”英译本的对比研究 16 跨文化交际意识与中文旅游文本翻译 17 试析威廉布莱克和他的《老虎》 18 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读 19 《屋顶丽人》中的多重冲突及其张力 20 口译中的语用失误分析 论《失乐园》中撒旦的形象及象征意义 22 论中西文化中家庭观念的差异 23 《榆树下的欲望》卡博特的悲剧分析 xx大学影视英语教学调查 埃兹拉庞德意象派诗歌解析：以《在地铁站里》为例 26 论《一个小时的故事》中马拉德夫人女性意识的觉醒 27 问题类型对TEM阅读成绩影响的实证研究 28 唐诗中比喻修辞格的翻译——以许渊冲英译本为例 On the Character of Scarlett O’Hara and the Transition of American Society 30 文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响

英语政治新闻中的模糊限制语及其语用功能分析

An Imitation of the Primitive Society: Evil of Human Nature in Lord of the Flies 33 英汉衔接手段对比分析－－基于The Old Man and the Sea及其译本的对比分析 34 从《野性的呼唤》看杰克・伦敦的人生观 35 《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的成长三部曲 36 我国中小学英语语音教学现存的问题与对策 37 论中西方思维方式的差异 38 论《荆棘鸟》中的女性意识

肯克西《飞越疯人院》的女性主义批评

电影《苔丝》的缺失——与原著《德伯家的苔丝》的比较 41 简爱——平凡而非凡的女人

从《了不起的盖茨比》看美国梦的幻灭 43 中西建筑文化差异及其形成背景分析 44 论《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》的悲剧成因

从《汤姆叔叔的小屋》看斯托夫人的宗教矛盾心理 46 A Study of Pragmatic Functions of English Euphemisms 47 Hawthorne’s Religious Notion: an Analysis of The Scarlet Letter 48 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读 49 英式英语与美式英语的拼写差异

极限环境中的善与恶——浅析《蝇王》中的主要人物人格结构 51 从礼貌原则角度分析电影《暮光之城》中的对白

The Application of Cohesive Devices in Chinese-English Translation of Chinese Literary Works

从东西方文化差异视角看动物词汇的翻译 54 《魔术与童年》翻译中英汉词汇衔接对比研究 55 文本分类理论与广告翻译

修辞在政治演讲中的作用－－以奥巴马获胜演讲为例 57 沃尔玛策略研究

浅析中学生英语学习中的情感因数 59 时事政治汉译英该注意的几个问题 60 论《老人与海》中圣地亚哥性格的双重性 61 《吉姆爷》的生态女性主义解读

教师在农村初中英语游戏教学中的角色分析－－以某中学为例

A Discussion of the Cultural Similarities and Differences of Color Terms in English and Chinese 64 Thackeray’s Ambivalent Attitude towards the Women in Vanity Fair 65 如何提高小学生对英语学习的兴趣

A Comparative Study of Women in Fortress Besieged and Pride and Prejudice 67 Pragmatic Failures in the Practice of Interpretation in International Business Communication 68 中文商标英译研究

《嘉莉妹妹》中男女主人公命运的对比分析 70 The Tragic Fate of Tess 71 语法翻译法视角下的中学生英语家教辅导 72 二元对立模型在伍尔夫《达洛卫夫人》中的应用 73 《小妇人》结局分析

种族沟通的桥梁——对《宠儿》中两个丹芙的人物分析 75 从《自我之歌》,看美国梦对惠特曼的影响 76 从《无名的裘德》看哈代的现代性意识 77 英语委婉语的特点及运用

浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森 79 体态语在英语课堂教学中的运用研究

英语专业学生议论文写作中连接词使用情况研究

儒家文化与和谐世界的构建 82 论《月亮宝石》的现实主义手法

从目的论角度分析商业电视广告中双关语的翻译 84 人文主义思想在《皆大欢喜》中的运用 85 探析《蝴蝶梦》中的悬念写作手法 86 Feminism in To the Lighthouse 87 Comparative Study of Love-Tragedy Between Romeo and Juliet and The Butterfly Lovers 88 奈达功能对等理论指导下英汉广告修辞的翻译策略探究 89 浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的反叛精神 90 论《远离尘嚣》中女主人公的悲剧原因 91 论英语新闻标题中修辞的汉译 92 对外新闻的导语编译研究

A Contrastive Study on Language Features of Chinese and English Proverbs 94 A Brief Analysis of the Main Female Characters in Golden Notebook 95 论王尔德在《道林格雷的画像》中的美学思想 96 浅析歇后语翻译中直译的可行性

从《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》看维多利亚时期的新女性主义观

出人意料的结局和夸张－基于欧亨利的短篇小说《忙碌经纪人的罗曼史》 99 《嘉莉妹妹》的自然主义解读

《俄狄浦斯王》与《少数派报告》中先知与命运关系的对比分析 101 论基督教教义对美国人慈善观的影响 102 论“成长的烦恼”中的美国家庭文化 103 浅析翻译中的文化缺省及其补偿策略 104 从目的论看电影《音乐之声》中对白的汉译

《边城》与《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中的河流的比较研究

译者主体性视角下的翻译策略—杨氏夫妇《聊斋志异》英译本个案研究 107 认知语境对文学文本翻译策略的影响 108 小学英语课堂教学氛围调查研究

边缘人群的孤独与无奈——对《夜访吸血鬼》中路易斯的研究

商务英语合同的翻译特点及策略研究 111 中英姓氏差异及其原因探究

论视觉小说中的西方神话形象重塑——以《命运之夜》系列为例 113 浅析托妮莫里森《恩惠》中的母爱 114 《紫色》的生态女性主义解读

从《纯真年代》的女性角色看旧纽约的女性地位 116 从中外节日看两种文化—以春节和圣诞节为例 117 论《老人与海》中的象征主义

简析《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的人格特征 119 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 120 从功能对等角度翻译委婉语

从功能对等理论看《好汉两个半》的幽默字幕翻译 122 《格列佛游记》对理性的反思与批判 123 论威廉戈尔丁《蝇王》中知识分子的悲剧 124 从就餐细节看中美儿童个性能力的差异 125 会话含义在商务谈判中的运用

从中英文动物隐喻看中国与英语国家的文化差异 127 从顺应理论的角度对广告翻译的分析 128 试述《亚当夏娃日记》的圣经情结 129 瓦尔登湖畔的隐士：反抗与变革 130 文化差异视域下英语报刊硬新闻的翻译 131 伍尔芙的人生经历对其小说创作的影响 132 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读

The Analysis of the Narrative Style in Toni Morrison’s Beloved 134 《哈利波特》系列作品中颜色的象征意义 135 论《麦田里的守望者》的“非乐观性”

从合作原则谈影视翻译策略——以《功夫熊猫》为例

A Study on the Cross-Cultural Management in the Sino-American Joint-Venture Enterprises－－With Special Reference to Changan & Ford Motor Company 138 从就餐细节看中美儿童个性能力的差异

On Translation of Humorous Language from English to Chinese 140 关于《白鲸》中的象征主义手法运用的研究与探讨 141 论《麦田里的守望者》中的佛教禅宗因素 142 模糊限制语在英语新闻中的语用功能 143 英语新闻标题的语言特点及翻译

英语经济新闻标题翻译在模因传播中的分析 145 简爱性格魅力分析

《德伯家的苔丝》中的意象分析

威廉福克纳《圣殿》小说创作里的自卑情结 148 从跨文化的角度看翻译的归化与异化 149 会计英语的语言特点及其翻译 150 “垮掉的一代”形成的背景探析 151 名词化隐喻在外贸函电中的功能分析 152 论爱伦坡小说《莫格街谋杀案》中悬疑的设置 153 从《蝇王》中的象征看人性的恶

154 从《简爱》的多译本看中国两性关系的变化 155 东西方文化中团队意识的差别 156 从新闻用语特点对比中西方文化差异 157 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读

158 语境及其在提高高中学生英语阅读能力中的应用 159 霍桑的《胎记》中乔治亚娜的死的深层原因探究 160 海明威文学作品中青年和老年人物关系对比探究 161 浅谈中国古词的色彩美在英语中的重现 162 《远大前程》中的“远大”可以是“错误”的 163 英语动词时态的认知及隐喻概念研究

164 Cultural Influences on Business Negotiation between China and Japan 165 论弗罗斯特诗歌中自然意象对意境的构建 166 《傲慢与偏见》中婚姻观对当代中国的现实意义 167 从《穿靴子的猫》看美国动画电影中的英雄主义 168 爱神简论

169 接受理论视角下英文商标名汉译研究 170 论本杰明富兰克林《自传》 中的美国精神 171 浅析不同文化中的身势语 172 “狗”在中西文化中的对比研究

173 从奈达翻译理论初探英汉新闻导语翻译策略 174 《天边外》的悲剧分析

175 从目的论看中国电影字幕翻译：以《金陵十三钗》为例 176 颜色词的中英对比翻译 177 从接受美学看广告翻译 178 论翻译中的衔接与连贯

179 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森 180 英汉含文化植物词谚语对比研究 181 从跨文化角度看中美商务谈判

182 [毕业论文](经贸英语系毕业论文)优衣库创意营销策略 183 《了不起的盖茨比》中的原型解析 184 企业英文简介中的概念语法隐喻分析 185 初中生英语自主学习现状调查与分析

186 从自然主义视角解读德莱赛《珍妮姑娘》中珍妮的形象 187 谈电影片名汉译的不忠

188 风筝在《追风筝的人》中的象征意义分析 189 On Alice Walker’s Womanism in The Color Purple 190 商务谈判策略研究

191 英国议会制辩论－－探究与实践 192 《雾都孤儿》中南希形象分析 193 从语用角度和文化角度浅谈隐喻的翻译

194 A Paralysed Wilderness—The Appreciation and Analysis of Symbols in Araby 195 汉语公示语英译之跨文化交际研究 196 大卫王：在希伯来世界中的社会地位 197 论《红字》中的奇异情景

198 《了不起的盖茨比》和《太阳照常升起》中时髦女郎的对比

199 从里奇的礼貌原则角度分析《老友记》中的言语幽默 200 英汉基本颜色词文化内涵对比研究

第四篇：英语毕业论文-论中西饮食文化差异

Content Abstract On Differences Between Chinese and Western Dietary Cultures Abstract Diet is absolutely necessary in the life of mankind, and even in the existence or development.Because of the differences between Chinese and western cultural traditions, the Chinese and western dietary cultures are different in concept, target, pattern, attribution and nature.We study these differences and then find out the points that can be digested, in order to facilitate the communication about cultures between China and the west.Taiwan Professor Zhang Qijun said, “The old saying, 'Eat, drink, man, woman who wishes greatly'.For such a standard fair, western culture(in particular, modern American culture)can be said to be male and female culture.But the Chinese culture can be said to be a dietary culture.“As the reason of the cultural traditions, the western lives tend to men and women, but because of the narrow gender relations, Chinese people are dumping guidance on life in the restaurants.Thus the diet is rich in culture.Food culture in the west is not developed enough, but this underdevelopment itself is the result of the development of a culture, so it is still significant to study the dietary cultures of Chinese and Western diet.By the analysis of the differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures, we can comprehend the respective cultural traditions of China and the west.And we can also improve and create the culture of China.Key Words dietary culture;cultural tradition;differences 摘 要 饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，可是由于中西方文化传统的差异，导致了中西方饮食文化在观念、对象、方式、归属与性质方面产生了差异，研究这些差异，找出可以融会贯通的地方，促进中西文化交流。台湾张起钧教授说过“古语说‘饮食男女人之大欲存焉’。就这样的标准而论，西方文化（特别是近代美国式的文化）可说是男女文化，而中国可说是一种饮食文化。”由于文化传统的缘故，西方人的人生倾向男女关系，而中国人由于对男女关系的褊狭，把人生精力倾泄导向于饮食。由此赋予饮食以丰富的文化内涵，虽然饮食文化在西方不够发达，但这种不发达本身也是一种文化发展的结果，所以对中西饮食文化的比较仍有意义。通过对中西饮食文化差异的分析，我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统；同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。关键词 饮食文化;文化传统;差异 Introduction Once there is a saying that ”Food is eating well-deserved for human life”, so food is an indispensable condition for the survival and development of human beings.There are two desires in life: one is feasting them to survive;and another is the lust of men and women, which can help the mankind to carry on the family line.Facing the two desires, China pays more attention to the former, while the west tends to the latter.Such phenomenon affects the cultural trend.Diet is actually the contents of our daily lives, but why we call it culture? That is because the diet has special status in the Chinese culture, and it also has a great distinction between China and the west.As one of the world ancient nations, China’s diet has a history almost as long as that of Chinese civilization.But in western countries, ancient thinkers devoted less attention to the food problem than the Chinese philosophers did, and there is even not aware of it to the “heaven” degree.With the opposite, they recognized and interpreted the world in the perspective of the lust or love of men and women more.Whether the awareness of original sin of Christianity, Adam and Eve legend, or ancient Greek philosophy(such as Plato's dialogue)who considered the personal relationships “love” as the love of ontology of beauty, and regarded it as a reality thinking of philosophy, all these ideas become the basis of western philosophers’ cultural thoughts.All these had potential effects on the development of western culture and westerners’ characters.Receiving the influence of respective cultural tradition, the Chinese and western dietary culture has had different characteristic.The differences in concepts, targets, patterns, attribution and nature had reflected the different dietary culture in the different state characteristic;such characteristic has enriched the research value of dietary culture.Studying these cultural differences, we can find out a joint enhancing the communication between China and the west through a comprehensive study of the subject.It may be a great help to the communication of the Chinese and western cultures.I.Differences in Concepts First, the Chinese and western diet have the differences that cannot be ignored in concepts.Nobody will deny that the Western diet is a rational concept, regardless of the color of food, incense, flavor and shape, but nutrition must be assured.It cares about the intake of calories, vitamins, protein and so on during a day.Comparing with the Chinese diet, western diet tastes stereotyped, as simple as chewing the candle, but the sense tells them: We must eat them all because of the nutrition.And then they put it bluntly, just like refueling machine.The concept of western diet is compatible with the whole western philosophy.Metaphysics is the main feature of western philosophy.Such kind of philosophy brings vitality to western culture, so the natural sciences, psychology and methodology achieve a rapid development.In some other aspects, such philosophy proposition is a significantly obstacle, such as the dietary culture, which is the inevitable thing to drop behind, and just the metaphysics of methodology marks everywhere.In celebration, it stresses tableware, stresses the staple, stresses the servings, and stresses the color and shape mix of raw materials.But no matter how luxurious the grade is;from Los Angeles to New York, only one taste of steak, it is no art to speak of.And as dishes, the chicken is chicken;steak is steak, even in groups, which are also conducted in a shallow dish.In a dish of “French Muttonchops”, one side is potato mud, and muttonchops sits next to it, another side is allocation of cooking beans, and plus a few tablets of tomato.Color is on clear, but the tastes of the various materials are separated, not to reconcile, and the entire flavor is also simple and clear.Chinese diet is a sense of beauty diet.When people sample dishes, they often say this dish is “delicious”, and that dish is “not delicious”.But if you ask what is meant by “delicious”, why “tasty” and what are the aspects of “delicious”, I am afraid that it will be difficult to answer.This shows that which Chinese people hanker on a diet is just the “mood” that is difficult for one to say anything.Even using the “color, flavor, shape and implement ”which people often said to make the“ realm ”reification, I am afraid it is still difficult to crown all.The beauty pursuit of Chinese cuisine is clearly overriding the rational pursuit.This concept of diet is also coinciding with the traditional Chinese philosophy.Chinese philosophy as a representative of oriental philosophy, its distinguishing features is the macro, visual, vague and evasive.Chinese cooking method is to reconcile, and the ultimate goal is to reconcile out of a beautiful taste.The main stress is measure and the overall co1q-ordination.It contains a wealth of dialectics of Chinese philosophy, and all these depend on the degree of the wonderful flavor and harmony of dish.The ever-changing within degrees decides the changeable of Chinese food, and it also decides the characteristics of Chinese food as well as the characteristics on each of the chefs.II.Differences in targets All diet cannot be done without vegetables.The word “dish” is for the sound in China, and it always has something to do with the plants.According to a survey of western plants scholar, there are 600 varieties of vegetables, six times more than in the west.In fact, the Chinese dishes, vegetable dish is usual food.Meat dish entered the normal diet only on holidays or higher living standards, so since ancient times, and there was a saying of “fresh vegetables”.Chu ? Mandarin language: “Common people eat fresh vegetables, fish only offered in the worship.” It is said that fresh vegetables are mainly to the civilian in general, only being able to eat meat only in worship.Vegetarian diet takes the dominant position in the normal structure.Chinese people consider the vegetables as the main dish;it has inextricably linked with the advocacy of Buddhists.They deem animals as “people” and plants have “no soul.” So, they advocate vegetarianism.Westerners do not seem to have such a good habit.They uphold a cultural origin of nomadic, seafaring nation.Living mainly by fishing and hunting, collection and planting are just the complement.There are more meat dishes in their lives.Feeding, clothing, and using are taken from the animals, and even Western medicine is derived from animals.When the westerners introduce the diet characteristics of their countries, they always feel that their diet is more reasonable on the mix of nutrition than China.food industry is more developed, such as cans, fast food, although the taste is monotonous, but it saves time, and it also has good nutrition.Therefore, in their countries: people are generally healthier and taller than Chinese, and the people have strong shoulders and developed muscles;but Chinese people look short, their shoulders narrow and legs thin, their skin yellow and their body weak.The differences between Chinese and western food for Westerners to judge the merits of the two diet is not justified.Mr.Sun Yat-sen had profound study of the culture of food and incisive exposition.In his composing The Scheme for National Reconstruction, detailing the differences between Chinese and Western diet phenomenon, he concludes: “Chinese ordinary people drink green tea, and eat simple food such as vegetables and tofu for meal.Such kinds of food are the most healthy and beneficial according to the research of hygienist.Therefore, the remote people in china, whose diet are far from meat and wine, always live a long life.Also China has a big population, and Chinese people have enormous power to resist disease, but they never try the non-diet.“He added:” The Chinese vegetarians all eat tofu.Tofu is expected as the real meat in plants, as it has the nutrition that meat has.It is the meat without toxic materials.So the Chinese are vegetarian used to be a custom without the promotion of scholars.It is also a custom that the European and American drink thick Wine, eat meat and fish.So there was science promotion before and a severe law later, such as the United States Prohibition.And the transfer will not carry out in a short time.“Mr.Sun’s words tell out the scientific benefits of Chinese diet and disadvantages of Western diet.According to the characteristics of the significant differences between Chinese and Western diet targets, the Chinese character is called the plant character, while the Westerners’ is animal character.In response to the cultural behaviors, Westerners love adventure, exploration, conflict;but the Chinese people only like to live banally.According to American expert on folklore Ruth’s opinions on the ”cultural pattern“ theory, Chinese culture is quite similar to the classical world Apollo-type character and Westerners’ is similar to the modern world Faust-type.Indeed, the Westerners such as Americans in the development of the west, they put the whole family on the truck, and go out of the city in amid rumbling with the supplies.The Chinese people are always thinking about ”home“ and ”roots“, despite the promotion that young people should take the world as home.But after a few decades, the overseas Chinese will come back to the mainland with crutch to seek their roots.This concept of return and such human spirit that can only be said to cooperate with the accumulation in the diet.Then it brings cohesiveness to the Chinese nation and then makes the human folk full of energy.III.Differences in Dietary Patterns The Chinese and Western dietary patterns can be very different, and these differences affect the national character.In China, a celebration, no matter what, there will be only one form, as sitting together, sharing one feast.Banquet uses round table, which has created a unity of form, which is courtesy, comity atmosphere.Cate are in the center of the table.It is the objects for people to appreciate and taste, and it is also an intermediate of communication.People toast each other and share the vegetables, which reflect the mutual respect between people in the face of the good things, also show the virtues of comity.Although from the health point of view, this approach has obvious deficiencies, but it is in our national ”happy“ mentality, it reflects the classical Chinese philosophy area of ”and“ impact for future generations.It is helpful to facilitate the collective emotional exchanges and consequently difficult to reform.The western-style banquets, although the food and wine are very important, but in fact they are just foil.The core of Banquet is friendship, by the conversation with the guests who sitting next to achieve the purpose of recreation.If making an analogous compare between the recreation of the banquets and dancing, it may be said that the Chinese banquet is like group dance, and the western banquet is like men and women dancing.This shows that communication purpose of Chinese banquet and western banquet are very obvious.Only the Chinese banquet is more popular in the communion, but western banquet shows guests reflected in the friendship between neighbors.The more obvious differences between Chinese and western dietary patterns is buffet dinner which is popular in the West.This method is to display all food, and everybody is picking not fixed in his or her places to eat.They walk freely.This approach would provide the emotional interaction between individuals;they never need to put every word on the table.This also shows a western personality and self-respect.However, all the eating without jamming lacks the real affective tone like the Chinese people.Some people want to put the buffet in the Chinese food, but I think it is not feasible.Zhang Qijun in the Principles of Cooking tells us the main reason: ”First, buffet is not like drinking tea.Drinking tea is just the thing to you before you choose, and displayed in the cafeteria there is a large number of food to eat, so when you want to have it, it is cold yet.Chinese cuisine will serve hot, if cold, nothing to eat.Secondly, buffet dishes only can do hard dishes and beneficial dishes.Then you can access for large plots.And those most representative of the Chinese culinary arts, such as the tender and lighter dishes, are not in this show.Third, the buffet can do stewing pot;it means a big pot in terms of food.Any sophisticated cooking of a dish can only be cooked in a pot at two most, and it is not able to cook the dish for dozens of people.So it will not be delicious, never talking of the taste.Under such circumstances, it is clear that the use of buffet dinner will deny Chinese culinary arts.“The Chinese people are drinking around the table to show harmony and unity, but the buffet has broken such pattern.It raises the personal independence and self-mentioned at the first place.This is the opposite of the scale of the great unity of all Chinese traditional culture.IV.Differences in Diet Attribution There are differences between Chinese and western diet attribution.Western diet tends to be scientific and rational, but the Chinese diet tends to be art and sentimental.During the underdevelopment era of diet, these two trends have only one aim – to live and never be hungry.And when the dietary culture is full developed, the tendency is shown in this different purpose: the former is in the development of nutrition, the latter is expressed as the stress on the flavor Cooking is from diet;the origin of food is a life-sustaining nutrition.Therefore, the focus of western diet is only the extension of the original diet practicality.The emphasis on the flavor of Chinese cuisine caters the diet to the arts field.Mencius said: ”Flavor in the mouth has the same interests“.”Interests“ points out the key from nutrition to arts.Such interests are from the meaning of flavor.In China, eating is not meant to have enough.It is about nutrition.Sometimes we eat though we are full.We are overloaded with food.Why? Saying bluntly, it is to appreciate the art of cooking;and not saying it nicely, it is the temptation of ”delicious“ for the enjoyment of taste.Watching the rational diet in the west, it is not only waste, but also harmful to the men body.In fact, the herbalist doctors are also opposed to overeat, claiming ”dietary restraint“.But the dialectics tell us Chinese people, occasionally the ”overload“ and once we are comfortable, we can absorb and store.Qigong masters at the situation of non-eat and non-drink at home is still in good spirits, although their weight loses, but it is intact on the human.doctor also advocates winter nutrition.It is also in order to store for keeping energy in the coming year.Chinese people's views are more dialectical than the western diet propositions opposing overloaded stubbornly.It is closer to the science truth, and has been checked up for thousands of Chinese medicine practice.Psychologists Spinoza said: ”The desire is human nature than other.” The human desire for delicious is the nature of human beings which is fully reflected.In process of the taste enjoyment, it is imbued with the shares of élan vital.Life should not be a yoke, but also not be a repressed desire.We can not use the absolute reason to regulate the behavior of all people.On the diet, it is not the purpose of “science” and “nutrition” and some delicious are excluded from the table outside.Only delicious things can satisfy people's appetite and then give the arrival of physical and mental pleasure.Chinese diet shows the transformation about sentimental form to rational form from the old days till now, and cause the Chinese dietary culture brimming with imagination and creativity.The sensibility of Chinese culinary culture is a sublime sensibility, infiltrating rational sense, also the realization of the nature of life.In addition, gustatory enjoyment is one of the main objectives pursued of the human struggle.The art of Chinese cuisine is compatible with the development of human history in the process, more scientific than the progress of the western diet.As Zhang Qijun in his work Cooking Principles said: “The United States is unprecedented least affluent society, but till today, in essence it is still 'food to eat' stage.There are still some distances from entering the realm of art.” In China, The role of diet goes beyond the subsistence of existence, which is designed not only to have the physical presence, but also to meet people's spiritual needs for pleasure.It is positive to enrich people's life performance, and fine arts, music, literature, etc.which have the same level of significance to the improvement of life.Chinese diet tends to artistry, the so-called art realm, in fact, that is a complete leap from the necessity to freedom.It is characterized by randomness.For example, similar dishes, because of the differences in area, season, target, function and grade, it has different treatments on operation.Set braised fish for example, in winter deep colors are advised and tastes are advised strongly, but in summer it should be light color and flavor.And for the people in Zhejiang province, their dishes can be put up more sugar in the braised fish, and if facing Chuanxiang customers it should allocate spicy.It easy to see that if out of the arbitrary, there would be no cooking variety;we will lose the unique charm of Chinese cuisine.Whereas in the west, dishes in different areas and different seasons and facing different customers, is the same flavor, no changes.Although it is the most valuable banquet, which is just tableware known, conducted layout, and the vegetables remain the same as before.Moreover, as for materials, westerners think the food is to eat, eating special “hard vegetables” such as large piece of meat, chicken block.China's cuisine is “taste”.The Chinese cooking in materials has shown tremendous arbitrariness: The things which many, many westerners consider as disposable things in China are excellent raw materials.Foreign cooks are not able to deal with things, but in the hands of a Chinese chef, it can get a magic result.Chinese cuisine is evident in the wide use of materials.Besides skills, an excellent cook, of course, can do more complicated dishes.But facing the real simple materials and condiments, the cooks are often able to produce delicious flavors.It is the arbitrariness of skills.In the surface, the menu seems to be scientific.Westerners always use menu to buy ingredients to produce dishes, but in comparison, it is the machinery, and often powerless facing the complex specific situation.Of course, this mechanical science is still can be said as science, but it is primitive science, and it is not the complete science.Chinese cooking talks about artistry, but it still fit the requirements among the ever-changing, it can be said such science is a real science.The characters of western food which lacks nutrition and artistic atmosphere have great distinction from the artistic realm of Chinese cuisine.V.Differences in the Nature Differences in the nature of the Chinese and western diet are inosculated with the respective lifestyle and the pace of life.In the west, people do the duplication of pipeline operations, and implement piece-wage system, so the paces of their lives are so fast.People fall under the mechanical method either intentionally or unintentionally, and believe that “Work is work, and game is game.” Mechanical lives led to oneness of diet or a single blind about diet, and eat beefsteak and potatoes every day.Monotonous diet is the same as work, for which the purposes is to fulfill the “incident”, naturally with no interests, and all these have no word in terms of taste.But China is not, “The game is work, and the work is of a game”.Such life manner is also emerged in diet.A baker sells bread in the street, he likes using the rolling pole to beat the chopping board rhythmically when they knead flour.When the cooks fry a dish, even beating scoop, they also care the sense of rhythm during cooking.These would not work for any conveniences, but it increases the interests of workers.Only in such an atmosphere work will be meaningful, and it will have more creativity and artistry of Chinese cuisine.There still exist various differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures.But with the development of cultural communication between China and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, China has imported various kinds of western food, known as the ”KFC“ ”DICOS“, ”McDonald“.This marks a new western dietary culture exchanges and infiltration.We believe that with the development of society, the cultural differences between Chinese and western dietary will no longer be the difference.Conclusion By the text from this thesis, we can easily find that there still exist various differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures.But with the development of cultural communication between China and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, China has imported various kinds of western food, known as the ”KFC“ ”DICOS“, ”McDonald".These mark a new western food culture exchanges and infiltration.The impact brought about by economic globalization is stronger and deeper than the internationalization.Economic globalization is a double-edged sword, on one hand, it brings the vitality of economic growth, and on the other hand, the dominant culture is put into other countries through strong economic and infiltrated every corner of the globe.Therefore, the cultural communication focus on how to assimilate advantages of the other countries’ culture, abandon its shortcoming, and learn how to transform and make it localized, all countries need to study the issue.So in the face of the dietary cultural exchange problems between China and the West, we should find each other's advantages and draw the mutual advantages, as China can learn from the point that western diet stresses nutrition match, and make the Chinese cuisine more outstanding.China is the country of a long history with an ancient culture, and enriching in cultural traditions.She feeds the 1.3 billion Chinese people, and Chinese culture is very inclusive;in the course of development it absorbs a lot of different cultures.Moreover, now China does more efforts to draw all the outstanding achievements in the World.China's reform and opening up policy create the conditions on international relations and cultural exchanges.We need to use such an opportunity to absorb the excellent cultures from other countries, to develop and create China's new culture.This work can make the world to know China better and let China go to the world.Acknowledgements I am deeply grateful to assistant professor, Guo Jun, my tutor, to whom I owe a great deal of gratitude and appreciation.Mr.Guo gave me many invaluable instructions and helped me much in every stage of my thesis writing.And I also greatly appreciate the help coming from my respectable teachers, Professor Deng Xingyi, assistant professor, Liao Hong, Zhang Chun and Sun Peng.Moreover, my numerous thanks go to my dear friends and my lovely roommates, Wu chengying, Zou Yan and Hu Ping, who spend much time with me on my thesis.And I also want to thank my dear parents;they give me the best love and supporting for my study.Finally, I would like to offer my sincere gratitude to those who spend their precious time in reading this thesis.Bibliography [1] 安静.解读美国[M].北京：中国旅游出版社，2007.[2] 陈洁.得心应手---西餐礼仪[M].北京：世界知识出版社, 2005.[3] 金炳镐.民族理论通论[M].北京:中央民族大学出版社,1994.[4] 刘枋.吃的艺术[M].山东:山东画报出版社,2003.[5] 刘玫君，陈加真.出国点菜不求人---别人不会告诉你的旅行智慧[M].北京:中国旅游出版社，2005.[6] 马文.哈里斯(美).好吃:食物与文化之迷[M].山东:山东画报出版社,2001.[7] 苏珊.罗德里格.亨特.巴黎:一席浮动的豪宴[M].北京:生活.读书.新知三联书店,2004.[8] 唐鲁孙.天下味[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2004.[9] 王晓昕,李学友.传统文化与道德建设[M].贵阳：贵州民族出版社,2004.[10] 萧家成.升华的魅力---中华民族酒文化[M].北京:华龄出版社，2007.[11] 徐先玲,李祖状.西方饮食文化[M].北京：中国戏剧出版社, 2005.[12] 徐先玲,李祖状.中国饮食文化[M].北京：中国戏剧出版社, 2005.[13] 向世陵.中国哲学智慧[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社, 2000.[14] 殷珍泉.礼仪有学问[M].北京：北京台海出版社, 2002.[15] 张茗阳.食物改变你的一生[M].上海:学林出版社, 2003.[16] 张志伟,欧阳谦.西方哲学智慧[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社, 2000.[17] 张起钧.烹饪原理[M].北京: 中国轻工业出版社,2000.

第五篇：中美文化差异

中美文化差异

摘要：文化的不同，会产生思维模式的不同；思维模式的不同，又会产生行为方式和社会关系的不同。中国文化重集体，美国文化重个人；中国文化重综合，美国文化重分析：中国与美国具有不同的风俗习惯和宗教信仰，在非言语交际上也各有不同。现在从饮食、戏剧、教育以及婚恋观来浅析一下中美的文化差异。

关键词：中国文化 美国文化 差异

一、从饮食看中美文化差异

餐饮产品由于地域特征、气侯环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，会出现在原料、口味、烹调方法、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。正是因为这些差异，餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。中美文化之间的差异造就了中美饮食文化的差异，而这种差异源于中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。中国人注重“天人合一”，美国人注重“以人为本”。这主要体现在以下两点： 1.两种不同的饮食观念

对比注重“味”的中国饮食，美国是一种理性饮食观念，不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，营养一定要得到保证，美国人讲究一天要摄取多少热量、维生素、蛋白质等等。即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去——因为有营养。这一饮食观念同美国以至于西方的整个哲学体系是相适应的。形而上学是西方哲学的主要特点。西方哲学所研究的对象为事物之理，事物之理常为形上学理，形上学理互相连贯，便结成形上哲学。

而中国人是很重视“吃”的，“民以食为天”这句谚语就说明我们把吃看得与天一样重要。由于我们民族几千年来都处于低下的生产力水平，人民总是吃不饱，所以才会有一种独特的把吃看得重于一切的饮食文化，这大概是出于一种生存需要。如果一种文化把吃看成首要的事，那么就会出现两种现象：一方面会把这种吃的功能发挥到极致，不仅维持生存，也利用它维持健康，这也就是”药补不如食补”的文化基础；另一方面，对吃的过份重视，会使人推崇对美味的追求。在中国，饮食的美性追求显然压倒了理性，这种饮食观与中国传统的哲学思想也是吻合的。作为东方哲学代表的中国哲学，其显著特点是宏观、直观、模糊及不可捉摸。

2.饮食方式的不同

中美的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国，任何一个宴席，不管是什么目的，都会有一种形式，那就是大家团团围坐，共享一席。筵席要用圆桌，这从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共处的气氛。这种饮食方式符合我们民族“大团圆”的普遍心态，反映了中国古典哲学中“和”这个范畴对后代思想的影响，便于集体的情感交流。

而美国的餐宴上，食品和酒尽管非常重要，但实际上是作为陪衬。宴会的核心在于交谊，通过与邻座客人之间的交谈，达到交谊的目的。如果将宴会的交谊性与舞蹈相类比，那么可以说，中式宴席好比是集体舞，而美国宴会好比是男女的交谊舞。由此可见，中式宴会和美国宴会交谊的目的都很明显，只不过中式宴会更多地体现在全席的交谊，而美国宴会多体现于相邻宾客之间的交谊。与中国饮食方式的差异更为明显的是美国流行的自助餐。此法是：将所有食物一一陈列出来，大家各取所需，不必固定在位子上吃，走动自由，这种方式便于个人之间的情感交流，不必将所有的话摆在桌面上，也表现了美国人对个性、对自我的尊重。

二、从戏剧看中美文化差异

由于地理环境、社会的经济、政治情况不同以及民族习惯、文化意识、艺术传统的区别，中美戏剧在发展中走着不同的历史道路，在内容和艺术形式上呈现出很大的差异

美国戏剧和西方戏剧是从古希腊戏剧开始的。同美国戏剧的起源相比，中国戏剧的起源是一个比较复杂的问题。中国戏剧也是起源于民间，由于它形式特殊，包括说、唱、念、打等因素，是更为综合的艺术，因而是多源的，寻起“根”来，不像美国戏剧那么“单一”和明确。我们拿中美戏剧的起源作一比较，可以看到它们有若干不同点：第一，美国戏剧起源于祭酒神的颂歌，源头明确；中国戏剧的起源是多源的，比较复杂；第二，美国戏剧的起源带有浓厚的宗教色彩，神秘的、幻想的、悲剧性的基因多；中国戏剧的起源，虽也和一定的宗教仪式有关，但俳优的活动，角抵表演等却都是娱人的，主要是现世的人的娱乐性活动，现实的、技艺性的、喜剧性的基因多；第三，美国戏剧是从歌舞演变而来，即由歌舞逐渐演变为故事表演；中国戏剧则是通过它们彼此的汇合、交织来实现。

总的来说，中美戏剧是两种不同特质的戏剧。美国的戏剧是剧作家的剧场，剧本是整个戏剧的灵魂，有了剧本，有了演员，就可以演戏。古希腊的戏剧有对话，有合唱，演出时也需要歌队和乐师，但音乐很简单，戏剧的演出主要是靠演员的姿势和声章来表达情感，展开剧情，所以剧本中的语言因素显得特别重要。中国戏剧是多种艺术因素的结合，包括歌唱、舞蹈、对白、武术等，演员在舞台上表演，是这些艺术因素的综合体现，而这些艺术因素的结合，必须在各方面都有一定艺术积累的基础上才能实现。

三、从教育看中美文化差异

中国教育重视基础知识的巩固，美国教育重视创造力的培养；中国教育注重知识的灌输和知识的熟练掌握，重视“精”和“深”，美国教育注重对知识的灵活应用，重视“广”和“博”。

以数学教学为例，中国教育使用题海战术，教师让学生重复练习，直至“炉火纯青”的地步；美国学校的数学教育则基本上是“点到为止”，教师一般不要求学生做完教科书上的习题，常常只要求做单数题或双数题。中国基础教育是训练学生熟练掌握技巧，美国教育只是让人明白是怎么回事，至于学生今后是否要以数学工程作为事业，则由学生今后自己去选择，学校的教育没有必要强迫学生把那些技术练得“炉火纯青”。

所以说，中国教育是“精英”教育，把那些不能把知识学得精深的人淘汰出去。美国教育是普及与精英相结合的教育，可以让学生自己选择是当平民还是做“精英”。自己选择走“精英”道路的，需要艰苦奋斗；选择走平民道路的，接受普及教育，平平淡淡、与世无争地接受社会生存所必需的基本知识的教育。这就是为什么很多知识的教学只是点到为止而已。这样的教育是大众化的平民化的教育。虽然每个美国人在16岁以前必须接受强制性的教育，但是这种大众化的教育却比较普及，也就是标准比较低，它适合于绝大多数学生的接受水平。这是因为中国教育资源匮乏、就业市场受限制以及人文环境诸因素的影响，所以国内的教育只能这样“公平”地实施。中国学生在这种社会形态下没有选择的余地，美国学生则不同，选择走“精英”道路的少数人，只要艰苦努力、认真学习，力求“精”“深”，同样也能实现自己的“精英”教育。因为这是自己的选择，没有来自社会、家庭强制的压力，所以有一种愉快的发自内心的动力。

中美教育除了自我的定位问题之外,在学业课程的选择上还有很大的区别。中国教育要求数理化各科面面俱到，哪一科学得不好都有可能对人生前途造成致命的影响。美国的基础教育在达到最基本的要求的基础上，允许学生有较大选择的自由。比如，一位学生对物理、化学或生物不感兴趣，感觉有很大的困难，可以只选修比较基础的课程，而选修较多的自己擅长的感兴趣的课程，只选修理、化、生其中的一门，同样可以达到高中毕业要求，也能进入顶尖大学，同样有机会成为“精英”。

四、从婚恋观看中美文化差异

中国人以工作的成就为重，美国人以家庭为重，这与中美的文化氛围有关。中国社会从古到今一直倡导为集体、为国家牺牲自我,牺牲小家,媒体采访中国名人或大人物,他们常常说事业太忙,有些人甚至一个月或者几个月都没有与自己的家人吃过一吨饭,更有甚者,孩子或配偶或父母生病都没有时间去探望,这样的行为在中国似乎人们都觉得可以理解,挺感动的,甚至觉得高尚，生活中的普通人稍有点事业也说自己很忙,没有时间和家人在一起,当家人抱怨时,他还会理直气壮的说,我这么辛苦还不是为了这个家? 而美国人却以家庭为重,如果哪个人的孩子或爱人生病了,而他的丈夫却以工作忙为借口不陪在家人身边照顾他们的话,他们(大部分人,不含那些特殊行业的人)是会被人瞧不起的。而且他的家人也不会说出类似这样的话：“我要支持你的事业,所以你去忙吧,我自己照顾自己”。不会，美国人包括小孩都很在乎自己的感受,在乎是否被自己的家人在意和重视,他们把家庭和事业分的很清楚.美国倡导的是 ” EVEN IF YOU ARE RUSHED OFF YOUR FEET, MAKE SURE YOU MAKE TIME FOR FAMILY”.(即使你忙的脚不沾边,也要确信有时间与家人呆在一起.)美国人觉得工作只是谋生的手段,而只有家人才会不管你成功失败都会陪伴在你的身边,他们觉得和家人一起享受生活才是最幸福的事.结束语：从饮食、戏剧、教育、婚恋观的区别我们可以窥一斑而见全豹，中美文化之间的确有很大的差别，但随着中国加入世贸组织，逐步走向世界，各种文化也会相互渗透，所以我们要在了解本国文化的基础上接受理解其他国家的文化，已达到更好的交流。参考文献

[1] 吴冰 中西方文化差异拾零 闽西职业大学学报 2002 [2] 邢东 中美文化差异管窥 全国优秀英语学术论文集 1997[6] 陈

平商务礼仪

中国电影出版社

[3] 邓炎昌，刘润青 语言与文化[M].外国教学与研究出版社，1988 [4]贾玉新 跨文化交际学[M].上海外语教育出版社，1997 [5] 罗艳丽 从饮食文化差异透视中美核心价值观[J].广西青年干部学院学报，2007（2）

Abstract: Cultural differences, will have different mode of thinking;thinking of the different patterns of behavior and will be produced in different social relations.The collective weight of Chinese culture, American culture weight individuals;Chinese culture re-synthesis, re-analysis of American culture: China and the U.S.have different customs and religious beliefs, in the non-verbal communication is also different.Now from the diet, drama, education, and love and marriage to the cultural differences of China and U.S Key words: Chinese culture and cultural differences between the United States