第一篇：Longfellow 英美文学教案
Unit 9 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
A Psalm of Life: What the Heart of the Young Man Said to the Psalmist(1838)Tell me not, in mournful numbers[1], Life is but an empty dream!
For the soul is dead that slumbers[2], And things are not what they seem.Life is real!Life is earnest!And the grave is not its goal;Dust thou art, to dust returnest[3], Was not spoken of the soul.Not enjoyment, and not sorrow, Is our destined end or way;But to act, that each to-morrow Find us farther than to-day.Art is long, and Time is fleeting[4], And our hearts, though stout and brave, Still, like muffled drums[5], are beating Funeral marches to the grave.In the world’s broad field of battle, In the bivouac[6] of Life, Be not like dumb, driven cattle!Be a hero in the strife!
Trust no Future, howe’er pleasant!Let the dead Past bury its dead!Act,--act in the living Present!Heart within, and God o'erhead!
Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime, And, departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time[7];--
Footprints, that perhaps another, Sailing o’er life's solemn main, A forlorn and shipwrecked brother, Seeing, shall take heart again.Let us, then, be up[8] and doing, With a heart for any fate;Still achieving, still pursuing, Learn to labor and to wait.………………………………………………………………………………………………………(Frowde, Henry.The Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, London: Oxford University of Press Wakehouse, 1893.3.)
Notes [1] numbers: meters, rhythms.[2] slumber: sleep, doze, drowse.[3] Dust thou art, to dust returnest: The author asserts that the soul will not die in an allusion to the Genesis 3:19 in the Old Testament, where God says to the fallen Adam, “dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.”, which means from none to none.[4] Art is long, and Time is fleeting: it originates from the first two lines of the Aphorismi by the Ancient Greek physician Hippocrates.It is a paraphrase of the familiar Latin translation Ars Longa, Vita brevis which reverses the order of the original lines.It means that life is short, but art is long.[5] muffled drums: a quiet drum that is wrapped around by a towel.The author compares the human heartbeat to “muffled drums,” which implies that reminds us of the transient nature of life and each beat of our hearts carries us closer to death.[6] bivouac: camp.[7] Footprints on the sands of time: The author suggests the idea of a record of greatness by using a metaphor“footprints on the sands of time”which describes the mark that great individuals leave on history.[8] be up: stand up.Questions for discussion 1.What is the theme of the poem? Would the poem be considered a fireside poem? 2.Could you give us some examples of alliteration in the poem? 3.Which line best expresses the speaker’s overall attitude toward life? Why? 它以一位年轻人的口吻表达了诗人对人生的见解，以及如何认识生命的时间性，并指出人生的目标、道路在于行动和不断的自我超越。
My Lost Youth(1855)OFTEN I think of the beautiful town That is seated by the sea;
Often in thought go up and down
The pleasant streets of that dear old town, And my youth comes back to me.And a verse of a Lapland[1] song Is haunting my memory still: “A boy’s will is the wind’s will，And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts.”
I can see the shadowy lines of its trees, And catch, in sudden gleams，The sheen of the far-surrounding seas, And islands that were the Hesperides[2]
Of all my boyish dreams.And the burden of that old song, It murmurs and whispers still: “A boy’s will is the wind’s will，And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts.”
I remember the black wharves and the slips, And the sea-tides tossing free;
And Spanish sailors with bearded lips, And the beauty and mystery of the ships, And the magic of the sea.And the voice of that wayward song Is singing and saying still:
“A boy’s will is the wind’s will，And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts.”
I remember the bulwarks[3] by the shore, And the fort upon the hill;
The sunrise gun, with its hollow roar, The drum-beat repeated o’er and o’er, And the bugle wild and shrill.And the music of that old song Throbs in my memory still: “A boy’s will is the wind’s will，And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts.”
I remember the sea-fight far away, How it thundered o’er the tide!And the dead captains, as they lay
In their graves, o’erlooking the tranquil bay Where they in battle died.And the sound of that mournful song Goes through me with a thrill: “A boy’s will is the wind’s will，And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts.”
I can see the breezy dome of groves, The shadows of Deering’s Woods;
And the friendships old and the early loves Come back with a Sabbath[4] sound, as of doves In quiet neighborhoods.And the verse of that sweet old song, It flutters and murmurs still: “A boy’s will is the wind’s will，And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts.”
I remember the gleams and glooms that dart Across the school-boy’s brain;
The song and the silence in the heart, That in part are prophecies, and in part Are longings wild and vain.And the voice of that fitful song Sings on, and is never still: “A boy’s will is the wind’s will，And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts.”
There are things of which I may not speak;There are dreams that cannot die;
There are thoughts that make the strong heart weak, And bring a pallor into the cheek, And a mist before the eye.And the words of that fatal song Come over me like a chill:
“A boy’s will is the wind’s will，And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts.”
Strange to me now are the forms I meet When I visit the dear old town;But the native air is pure and sweet，And the trees that o’ershadow each well-known street, As they balance up and down, Are singing the beautiful song, Are sighing and whispering still: “A boy’s will is the wind’s will，And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts.”
And Deering’s Woods are fresh and fair, And with joy that is almost pain My heart goes back to wander there，And among the dreams of the days that were, I find my lost youth again.And the strange and beautiful song, The groves are repeating it still: “A boy’s will is the wind’s will，And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts.”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………......(Frowde, Henry.The Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, London: Oxford University of Press Wakehouse, 1893.308-311.)
Notes：
Questions for discussion 1.What is the theme of this poem?
2.How does the two line refrain at the end of each stanza convey that message? 3.Please make comments on the mood or tone of the poem.
第二篇：英美文学
A summery of first two lessons
From the previous classes, we＇ve essentially get an brief idea of some basic knowledge about the United Kingdom.The main knowledge points can be concluded as follows:
The full name of the complicated country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Britain is no longer an imperial country, though its past has huge effects.The two main effects respectively lie in Britain＇international relationships and the make-up of the British population.UK, as a multiracial society, has the remarkable class regional and economic differences.London, the capital and the largest city, is dominant in the UK in all fields.England, the largest in geography and population of the four nations, dominant in culture and economy.A British invasions history which experiences from stages.Scotland, the most confident of its own identity, has spent a history as a unified state independent of the UK.Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament.A brief introduction to Wales.Northern Ireland has an active cultural life but has its problems because of the conflicts and the influence of UK.Irish desires for an indepent Irish state all the time, therefore issues accurred in frequent succession.The Home Rule Bill, the East Rising of 1916 and the Sinn Fein Party made Irish independent.There exists religious conflicts between the Irish and the British because of the ethnical distinction.British government organised a partition of Ireland as a compromise.More violent campaign, IRA＇s violence and Bloody Sunday.In order to halt the terrible conflicts, Ireland and Great Britain aim to cooperate with each other and arrive at a resolution.Finally, the Good Friday Agreement was emerged.Learning first two lessons has laid a good foundation for our further study on the following lessons.I＇m looking forward to comprehend more knowledge about British politics, economy, culture and foreign relations and so on.
第三篇：英美文学
severalfamous sonnets – a powerful expose of social evils
of the poet’s age,– on steadfast love
Artistic achievement profound in their moral depth and more complex in their expressed feelings.University witsa group of talented youngdramatists
Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)
One of the “University wits”
The greatest tragedy playwright before William Shakespeare
His masterwork: Doctor Faustus(1604)(P75-76)
Doctor Faustus(1604)
Doctor Faustus’s contract with Lucifer, a devil.His twenty four year long life in an exchange for some magic power:
----playing tricks upon the Pope(The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth.);
---calling for the spirit of Alexander the Great(the emperor ofMacedonia)and it appears;Doctor Faustus(1604)
---having succeeded in having Helen, the beauty of ancient Troy, as his wife.Finally, Doctor Faustus is sent to hell because of the deadly sin has damned both his body and his soul.Doctor Faustus(1604)
Analysis of the hero: Doctor Faustus
Knowledgeable, but having blind faith in human intellect;
Ambitious and proud: A passionate seeker for
power, which comes from forbidden knowledge.Doctor Faustus’s Biblical source:
The fall of Adam and Eve
William Shakespeare
He is the author of 37 plays, but we are not certain of his life story until now.Drama: his career may be dividedinto four periods.(P78)
---Comedies in the four periods
---Tragedies in the four periods
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Othello:
---Othello: a capable general in Venice
---Desdemonon: a strong-minded, beautiful girl
---Iago: one of the officers under Othello
Reasons for the tragedy:
jealousy
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Macbeth:
---Macbeth: to commit murder in order to become king knowing he will be the king of Scotland from the witch
---lady Macbeth: to encourage her husband
---Duncan: king of Scotand who was murdered by Macbeth
Reasons for the tragedy :ambition, lust for power
Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)King Lear:
---King Lear: a wish to divide his kingdom and give it to his daughters
---Goneril and Regan: his two elder daughters who flatter him
---Cordelia: his youngest daughter who speaks her true mind but loves her father most
Reasons for the tragedy: Misjudgment
Hamlet
Leading characters:
Hamlet : the Prince of Denmark
King Hamlet: Father of the Prince, wecan only see his ghost
Claudius: Hamlet’s uncle, now the King
Gertrude: Hamlet’s mother, and the Queen of Denmark. Polonius:Ophelia’s father, the King’s trusted courtier
Laertes: Ophelia’s brother, Polonius’s son
Hamlet
Act 1:
Old Hamlet’sghost told Hamlet a tale of
horror.There has been murder andadultery;and the Ghost demands revenge for his wrongs.Hamlet makes a promise to revenge for his father’s death before the Ghostleaves.Act 2:
To dull his uncle’s vigilance, Hamlet pretends to go mad.However, his madness is taken by Polonius, an old courtier who is loyal to Claudius , to an emotionaldisturbance due to his passion for Ophelia, daughter of Polonius.At this moment, a company of playersvisits the castle, and Hamlet will have a play acted, which resembles the late king’s murder.Act 3:
The guilty Claudius starts up in fear before the play ends, and goes out.Gertrude sends Hamlet to her chamber, where he reveals Claudius’s baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty marriage with Claudius, which renders the queen heart-broken.Then Hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation.Thinking it is Claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be Polonius.Before he parts from his mother, Hamlet refers to the King’s decision to send him to England.Act4:
The king now determines to kill Hamlet.He sends Hamlet to England, intending to have him killed there.But pirates capture Hamlet and send him back to Denmark again.Heart-broken at the death of her father, Ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream.Hamlet returns just at the time of her funeral.In the grave-yard he has a quarrel with Laertes, Ophelia’s brother.Laertes vows to avenge the death of his father and sister.Act 5:
With Laertes, Claudius conspires to do away with Hamlet.The kings arranges that Laertes is to challenge Hamlet to a friendly duel andkill him with a poisoned rapier.In the duel, Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon.Before death, Laertes reveals the plot.The queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for Hamlet.Hamlet, in a passion, stabs the King, and then dies through his poisoned wound, giving the election to the crown to young Fortinbras, the prince of Norway.
第四篇：英美文学。
一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America
1．船长约翰•史密斯Captain John Smith
《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》
“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”
《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》
“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”
《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”
2．威廉•布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop
《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”
3．约翰•温思罗普John Winthrop
《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”
4．罗杰•威廉姆斯Roger Williams
《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”
或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》
Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”
5．安妮•布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet
《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》
”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America
二、理性和革命时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution
1。本杰明•富兰克林Benjamin Franklin
※《自传》“ The Autobiography ”
《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”
2。托马斯•佩因Thomas Paine
※《美国危机》“The American Crisis”
《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”
《常识》“Common Sense”
《人权》“Rights of Man”
《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason”
《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice”
3。托马斯•杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson
※《独立宣言》
4。菲利浦•弗瑞诺Philip Freneau
※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle”
※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground”
※《致凯提•迪德》“To a Caty-Did”
《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy”
《夜屋》“The House of Night”
《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”
《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》
“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”
《札记》“Miscellaneous Works”
第五篇：英美文学
SIR THOMAS MALORY
(1405-1471)
The OutlineI.SIR THOMAS MALORY
II.Morte d' Arthur《亚瑟王之死》
III.Questions for Discussion
.SIR THOMAS MALORY(1405-1471)
Life: He was very rich because he inherited a
considerable estate in Warwickshire(a county in west
central England)upon his father's death in 1433 and he
seems to have quickly become drawn into the turmoil of
local politics.In 1445, he became a Member of
Parliament for his county: a rather unstable area during
this time because the usually powerful Earl of Warwick,was only in his mid-teens.A lot of political affairs in Warwickshire led Sir
Thomas into his numerous clashes with the law.From
1444 onwards, he was caught up in raids(袭击)on the
attacks on the Duke of Buckingham and Combe Abbey
大修道院,大寺院 , as well as a number of thefts in the county
of Essex.Keen to blacken his name, Sir Thomas'
enemies branded(给某人加上污名)him “a rapist, church-
robber, extortioner(勒索者，敲诈者)and would-be
murderer".Unlucky or incompetent,Sir Thomas was certainly in prison almost
continuously throughout the 1450s, though he did
escape several times.His pardon came to him in
October 1462, followed by military service in
Northumbria.From then on he kept his head down,but may have become embroiled(使卷入)in Cook's
Conspiracy(阴谋活动)of 1468, for which he was
imprisoned.There, he turned to writing and earned
eternal fame.Sir Thomas died on 12th March 1471,probably in Newgate Prison(London).He was buried in the nearby Friary Church of St.Francis.II.Morte d' Arthur
《亚瑟王之死》
Malory's tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table.The knights fight many battles and win glory, all of which is a credit to the name of King Arthur.Near the end of the story, however, the tide of good fortune turns.Launcelot, one of Arthur's knights, falls in love with Arfhur's queen, Guinever, and the lady
returns his love.One by one the other knight become discontented(使不满), selfish, or
disillusioned(使醒悟;使不再抱幻想;使...的理想破灭).Thus weakened, the kingdom is attacked by force under Sir Mordred, Arthur's treacherous(背叛的;不忠的)nephew, and ultimately it goes down in defeat.Arthur is borne away(被...所驱使)on a barge(大型平底船)by three mysterious ladies of the Lake.Morte d‘Arthur was written in a time of transition.The feudal order was dying.By the time Malory began writing his story, soldiers were fighting with gunpowder, a middle class of
tradesmen was arising;and the practices of chivalry were being replaced(代替,取代)by a new aristocratic code.Malory, in a desire to escape the disorder and uneasiness of his day,tried to recapture lost ideals of the romantic past as recounted(叙述,讲述)in his tale of noble kings, adventurous knights, and damsels(少女;闺女)in distress(悲痛;苦恼;忧伤;贫困,穷苦;危难;不幸;引起痛苦或悲痛的事物).This book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.III.Questions for Discussion
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
2.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?
3.Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
See the last paragraph on Page 50 to the fifth paragraph on Page 51.of our text book.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?See Page 6 –9 of our PPt..Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
See the first paragraph on Page 52 of our text book.
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