物流管理英语Chapter 6教案（五篇）

第一篇：物流管理英语Chapter 6教案

Chapter 6

Information Technology in a Supply Chain

教学目的和要求：

1、Understand the importance of information and information technology in a supply chain

2、Know at a high level how the supply chain drivers use information

3、Describe the various SC-related information technologies and information systems that have been developed over the past several decades

4、Understand the major applications of supply chain information technology and the processes that they enable

5、Discuss the impact of information technology on supply chain management in the future

教学重点：

1、The importance of information and information technology in a supply chain

2、How the supply chain drivers use information

3、The various SC-related information technologies and information systems that have been developed over the past several decades

4、The major applications of supply chain information technology and the processes that they enable

5、The impact of information technology on supply chain management in the future

教学过程：

1.New Words and Expressions

2.The Role of IT in a Supply Chain

Information is a key supply chain driver because it serves as the glue that allows the other supply chain drivers to work together with the goal of creating an integrated, coordinated supply chain.Information is crucial to supply chain performance because it provides the foundation on which supply chain processes execute transactions and manages make decisions.IT consists of the hardware, software, and people throughout a supply chain that gather, analyze, and execute upon information.Information is the key to the success of a supply chain because it enables management to make decisions over a broad scope that crosses both functions and companies.Information is a key ingredient not just at each stage of the supply chain, but also within each phase of supply chain decision making—from the strategic phase to the planning phase to the operational phase.1)Facility

Determining the location, capacity, and schedules of a facility requires information on the trade-offs among efficiency and flexibility, demand, exchange rates, taxes, and so on.2)Inventory

Setting optimal inventory policies requires information that includes demand patterns, costs of carrying inventory, costs of stocking out, and cost of ordering.3)Transportation

Deciding on transportation networks, routings, modes, shipments vendors requires information including costs, customer locations, and shipment sizes to make good decisions.4)Sourcing

Information on product margins, prices, quality, delivery lead times, and so on, are all important in making sourcing decisions.5)Pricing and revenue management

Te set pricing policies, one needs information on demand, both its volume and various customer segment’s willingness to pay, as well as many supply issues such as the product margin, lead time, and availability.3.Brief History of Information System Connectivity

The development of SC information systems closely follows the inside-outside development approach.The development of these systems began with a very narrow focus on inventory and has gradually expanded to encompass other areas of the organization, progressively building on the structure of previous applications.Economic order quantity(EOQ)and reorder point(ROP)systems were followed by material requirements planning(MRP)systems, which helped determine when orders should be placed for various components to avoid stockouts and excess inventory.Distribution requirements planning(DRP)systems, which extended MRP thinking to the distribution network, helped determine the correct amount of products to produce as well as the correct locations to which to ship finished goods.These systems were followed by just-in-time(JIT), quick response(QR), continuous product replenishment(CPR), and efficient consumer response(ECR)systems that helped better match buyers’ demands with the production and delivery of suppliers.These systems naturally grew into other systems such as vendor-managed inventory(VMI), where organizations are responsible for managing the inventory levels of their customers.Customer relationship management(CRM)systems complemented these systems, helping companies track and analyze customer behavior.CRM systems also enabled managers to evaluate the effect of specific sales and marketing efforts.The term customer relationship management(CRM)encompasses all strategies, methodologies, tools, and other technology-based capabilities that help an enterprise organize and manage its customer relationships.The focus of CRM is on providing optimal value to customers through pre-sale interactions, sales processes, and post-sale interactions.4.The Supply Chain IT Framework

From an enterprise’s perspective, all processes within its supply chain can be categorized into three main areas: processes focused downstream, processes focused internally, and processes focused upstream. Customer relationship management(CRM)

 Internal supply chain management(ISCM)

 Supplier relationship management(SRM)

1)Customer Relationship Management

The CRM macro process consists of processes that take place between an enterprise and its customers downstream in the supply chain.The goal of the CRM macro process is to generate customer demand and facilitate transmission and tracking of orders.Weakness in this process results in demand being lost and a poor customer experience because orders are not processed and executed effectively. Marketing

 Sell

 Order management

 Call/service center

2)Internal Supply Chain Management

ISCM is focused on operations internal to the enterprise.ISCM includes all processes revolved in planning for and fulfilling a customer order. Strategic planning

 Demand planning

 Supply planning

 Fulfillment

 Field service

3)Supplier Relationship Management

SRM includes those processes focused on the interaction between the enterprise and suppliers that are upstream in the supply chain.The major SRM processes are the design collaboration, sourcing, negotiation, buy, and supply collaboration processes.4)The Transaction Management Foundation

5.Supply Chain IT in Practice

Select an IT system that addresses the company’s key success factors.Every industry and even companies within an industry can have very different key success factors.By key success factors, we mean the two or three elements that really determine whether or not a company is going to be successful.It is important to select supply chain IT systems that are able to give a company an advantage in the areas most crucial to the success of the business. One way to help ensure success of IT projects is to design them so that they have incremental steps. Use IT systems to support decision making, not to make decisions.Think about the future.Although it is more difficult to make a decision about an IT system with the future in mind than the present, it is very important that managers include the future state of the business in the decision processes.6.The Future of IT in the Supply Chain

 Most likely to occur: SC executives expect an increased demand for on-line technical information, an increased integration role for the purchasing functions of organizations, the elimination of human intervention in the procurement-through-payables transaction process, an improvement in efficiencies as a result of Web-based systems, and the continued use of Internet/Web-based links with suppliers. Least likely to occur: Based on what SC executives believe is unlikely to happen, we can draw the following conclusions:

 Web-based tools will not erode the leverage advantages of larger buyers

 Industry-sponsored e-markets will not become primary sourcing tools

 Reverse auctions will not account for more than 20 percent of the spend

 Neutral e-markets are less likely to be utilized than industry sponsored e-marketplaces

 Strategic alliances/relationships will not become less important as a result of e-commerce

1)ERP Ⅱ

SC-wide information connectivity 2)E-Marketplaces

One unique application of the Internet has been the creation of e-marketplaces.In terms of SCM, e-marketplaces can add value by helping companies identify new resources of supply or new customers.They can also help facilitate transactions between buyers and suppliers by being mediator between the various parties.3)Radio frequency technology

RFID tags have the potential to deliver a completely new level of transparency to supply chains and their customers.4)Electronic on-line bidding events: the reverse auction

Reverse auctions are when suppliers bid for a buyer’s business.These auctions result in a downward pressure on the price of the product or service being sold.Electronic reverse auctions are simply auctions that take place over the Internet or some other electronic technology.

第二篇：-12-1-6英语演讲稿Chapter6

Chapter6.Not allow precious moments of my life to slip through my fingers

During one late and cold stormy night, it was raining cats and dogs.And two monkeys were getting drenched from head to toe.The elder of the two monkeys found a big leaf for them to hide under.The young monkey said through his chattering teeth, “I’m so cold and I’m going to freeze to death.” So they decided to build a nice warm house,.The next morning, when the rains had stopped, they both decided to postpone building the house until the next day.Because of the two monkeys procrastination, the house was never built.The monkeys’ laziness helped me realize my own bad habits and saying “ I can do it tomorrow” would only allow precious monuments of my life to slip through my fingers.Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, and today is the present, a gift to live life to the fullest with no regrets.参考译文：

不要让时光从你的指尖划过

在一个寒冷的傍晚，下着瓢泼大雨。有两只猴子从头湿到了脚。老猴子找到了一片大树叶避雨。小猴子打着寒战说：“真是太冷了。”他们终于决定修建一座温暖的房子过冬。第二天早晨雨停了，他们把计划拖到了后天。日子就这样一天一天地过去了。由于两只猴子的拖拉，他们的房子一直没能建成。

这两只懒惰猴子的故事，使我认清了自己的一个坏习惯。“我明天再去做“只能使宝贵的时光从指尖划过。昨天已是过去，明天还是未知。只有把握住今天，才能生活得充实而有意义。

第三篇：物流管理英语Chapter 7教案

Chapter 7

International Logistics

教学目的和要求：

1、Gain an understanding of the characteristics of international logistics

2、Get an overview of components of international logistics management

3、Get the basic knowledge of trade terms and international insurance

4、Be familiar with various international logistics intermediaries

教学重点：

1、The characteristics of international logistics

2、Components of international logistics management

3、Trade terms and international insurance

4、Various international logistics intermediaries

教学过程：

1.New Words and Expressions

2.International Trade and International Logistics

The movement of goods across national boundaries

1)Historical Development of International Logistics

International logistics evolved into the art and science of determining eminently concrete aspects of business arrangement, from transportation and packaging, to warehousing and inventory management.2)Definition of International Logistics

International logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the flow and storage of goods, services and information from the point of origin to a point of consumption(revised to between, since there is reverse logistics)located in a different country.International logistics is actually about moving and exchanging goods across borders to promote world economic development and optimal allocation of world resources by utilizing international logistics network, facilities and technology based on the principle of international division of labors and collaboration and international practices.The ultimate objective is to get the right goods or services to the right place located in a different country, at the right time, lowest cost, minimum risk, and in the desired condition, by selecting the best way and method, while making the greatest contribution to the firm and the world as a whole.3)Features of International Logistics

a)Difference in environment, higher risks

b)Complex ways of transport

c)Advanced information system

d)Standardization requirement

4)Government’s Interest in International Logistics

a)Economic importance

Cost of insurance and transport always accompany import and export, and they are service imported or exported.b)National defense concerns

Transportation gave countries ability to project power domestically, regionally, and globally.It strengthened the economy by promoting trade that further improved the military powers.c)Government support for its international carriers

Developing countries use their own carriers as a rate equalizer to avoid being exploited by the more developed countries and keep abreast of transport technology.Cabotage technically does not involve international trade but it should be mentioned.It is a worldwide practice and it means the each nation reserves for its own carriers the exclusive rights to carry domestic traffic.3.Components of International Logistics Management

1)International Transportation

International transportation is eminently more complicated, involving different modes of transportation, different carriers, different transportation documents, and much greater transit times.Its inherent risks and hazards are also much more significant. Transport regulation

The purpose of regulation is to ensure that transportation services are provided adequately and that users of these services are protected from excessive prices or unfair practices. Cargo preference

Preference cargos are the single most important incentive for U.S.-flag operators in the international trade to remain under U.S.registry.The cargo preference laws provide a vital base of cargo to help offset foreign-flag advantages. Nondiscrimination

Nondiscrimination is a legal concept designed to protect competition and fair business practice.In terms of international transportation, it means two things.A carrier cannot charge different prices for similarly situated shippers, and they cannot refuse service to any shipper. Cabotage

Shipping cargo between two points in the same country is known as cabotage. Equipment balance

When there is the same amount of cargo going in both direction of a trade lane(trade balance), there will be the same amount of equipment going in both directions of that trade lane, this is called equipment balance.2)International Insurance

a)The principal perils

 Free From Particular Average(F.P.A.) With Average(W.A.) All Risks

b)Exclusions

 Loss or damage caused by the intentional act or fault of the Insured  Loss or damage falling under the liability of the consignor  Loss or damage arising from the inferior quality or shortage of the insured goods prior to the attachment of this insurance  Loss or damage arising from normal loss, inherent vice or nature of the insured goods, loss of market and/or delay in transit and any expenses arising therefrom  Risks and liability covered and excluded by the Ocean Marine Cargo War Risks Clauses and Strike, Riot and Civil Commotion Clauses of this Company

c)Commencement and termination of cover

This insurance attaches from the time the goods hereby insured leave the warehouse or place of storage named in the Policy for the commencement of the transit and continues in force in the ordinary course of transit including sea, land and inland waterway transits and transit in lighter until the insured goods are delivered to the consignee’s final warehouse or place of storage at the destination named in the Policy or to any other place used by the Insured for allocation or distribution of the goods or for storage other than in the ordinary course of transit.d)Duty of the insured

It is the duty of the Insured to attend to all matters as specified hereunder, failing which the Company reserves the right to reject his claim for any loss if and when such failure prejudice the rights of the Company. The Insured shall take delivery of the insured goods in good time upon their arrival at the port of destination named in the Policy.In the event of any damage to the goods, the Insured shall immediately apply for survey to the survey and/or settling agent stipulated in the Policy.If the insured goods are found short in entire package or packages or to show apparent traces of damage, the Insured shall obtain from the carrier, bailee or other relevant authorities certificate of loss or damage and/or shorthanded memo.Should the carrier, bailee or the other relevant authorities be responsible for such shortage or damage, the Insured shall lodge a claim with them in writing and, if necessary, obtain their confirmation of an extension of the time limit of validity of such claim. The Insured shall, and the Company may also, take reasonable measures immediately in salvaging the goods or prevention or minimizing a loss or damage thereto.The measures so taken by the Insured or by the Company shall not the considered respectively, as a waiver of abandonment hereunder, or as an acceptance thereof.In case of a change of voyage or any omission or error in the description of the interest, the name of the vessel or voyage, this insurance shall remain in force only upon prompt notice to this company when the Insured becomes aware of the same and payment of an additional premium if required The following documents should accompany any claim hereunder made against this Company: Original Policy, Bill of Lading, Invoice, Packing List, Tally Sheet, Weigh Memo, Certificate of Loss or Damage and/or Shortland Memo, Survey Report, Statement of Claim If any third party is involved, documents relative to pursuing of recovery from such party should also be included.Immediate notice should be given to the Company when the Cargo Owner’s actual responsibility under the contract of affreightment “Both to Blame Collision” clause becomes known.





e)The time of validity of a claim

The time of validity of a claim under this insurance shall not exceed a period of two years counting from the time of completion of discharge of the insured goods from the seagoing vessel at the final port of discharge.3)Packaging

4)Terms of Payment

International means of payment are more involved, with the risks of nonpayment and currency fluctuation calling for specific strategies that are never used in domestic transactions.Non-payment risk is higher in international transactions for:  less credit information is available  lack of personal contact: no way to evaluate the character of the importer  collections are difficult and expensive  no easy legal recourse: there is no court with jurisdiction over international disputes  mistrust

a)Cash in Advance

In a Cash in Advance transaction, the exporter requests that the customer provide payment in advance, before the shipment of the goods can take place.Payment is usually made with an electronic SWIFT fund transfer from the customer’s bank to the exporter’s bank. Buyers in an area of instability  Buyer has bad credit  Exchange rate control  Goods are made to order  Buyer’s market

b)Open account

The exporter just sends an invoice to the importer along with the shipment and trusts the customer to pay within a reasonable amount of time.Just opposite to Cash in Advance.c)Documentary collection

It is a process by which an exporter asks a bank to “safeguard” its interests in the foreign country by not releasing the documents(B/L)until the importer satisfies certain requirements, most often paying the exporter(D/P)or signing a financial document(a draft)promising that it will pay the exporter within a given amount of time(acceptance)(D/A).d)Letters of credit

A L/C is a conditional payment commitment of the bank in addition to commercial credit that it will pay the “beneficiary” upon the presentation of certain documents.The exporter and the importer agree on a sale under “Letter of Credit” terms. The importer/buyer applies for an LC from bank. The importer’s bank(issuing bank)issues a LC and sends it to the exporter’s bank(notification bank) The Notification bank notifies the exporter that an L/C was issued, and it is OK to ship the goods to the importer.The notification bank should check a number of things: L/C is drawn on a legitimate bank, content meets requirement, irrevocable L/C. The exporter ships the goods and gives documents to Notification bank. The Notification bank checks that the documents match the requirements of the LC, and sends them to the Issuing bank.Issuing bank verifies that the documents match the requirements of the LC and notifies the importer that everything is in order. The issuing bank pays seller and buyer pays issuing bank.5)Trade Terms

 EXW  FCA  FAS  FOB  CFR  CIF  CPT  CIP  DES  DEQ  DAF  DDU  DDP

6)Customs and Customs Clearance

a)What does Customs do

 National security is a broad area that refers mostly to military threats. Revenue collection by customs is the source of funds for the country.

 Managed trade and competitiveness refer to policies to promote the nation’s economy. Gray making importing, also known as parallel importing, refers to the practice of importing a product contrary to the wishes of the producer, who normally has their official distributor. Protecting national interests is the catchall for any goal the nation wishes to pursue.b)How does Customs operate

Entry restriction-certain products may be completely restricted from entry, or only under certain conditions.Rates-duties vary dramatically.Most are simply a nominal tax, while other are intended to discourage imports of a certain product.Information-Customs requires that certain information be provided on imports and exports.Government data on economic trends is collected this way.Another reason for submitting information is to control the import/export of some products.7)Inventory Management

Major international inventory issues are longer performance cycle, more in-transit inventory, border crossings, more complex location decisions, more shrinkage and more safety stock.4.International Logistics Infrastructure

1)Free Trade Zone

A Free Trade Zone is, for Customs purposes, still “outside” of the country;goods can be shipped to the FTZ without being subject to duty and quotations.Once in the FTZ, the goods can be transformed, assembled, repackaged, and so on.If the goods are re-exported, they never pay duty in the host country in which the FTZ is located;if they are sold in the host country, it is only after leaving the FTZ that they have to pay duty.The main reasons for using FTZ

 Delay tariff  Avoid tariffs before shipment  Processing  Correct mistakes  Sell

Merchandise in a FTZ may be stored, repackaged, repaired, tested, relabeled, displayed as well as manufactured, assembled, salvaged and destroyed.2)Ports

A port is the intersection of different modes of transport.Factors that influence the competitiveness of ports:

 Location in relation to markets  Location in relation to its competitors  Inland connections  Infrastructure and technology  Accessibility to the trade lane  Management

Most ports are run by a commission assigned by a local or regional government, called port authority.Types of port authorities:

 Landlord port: the landlord port is one in which the port owns and manages infrastructure, and private parties mange everything else. Tool port: the port also owns the superstructures, but private parties rent assets through concessions or licenses. Service port: the service port is where the port has completed ownership and management. Privately owned port

5.International Logistics Intermediaries and Logistics Alliances

Intermediaries refer to many companies or individuals that facilitate trade.Some of them work for shippers, some for carriers, and some for consignees.Sometimes these arrangements become more elaborate, such as alliances.1)Main International Logistics Intermediaries/Facilitators

International Logistics Intermediaries function as third-party logistics providers, firms that provide outsourced or “third party” logistics services to companies for part, or sometimes all of their supply chain management functions.Third party logistics providers typically specialize in integrated operation, warehousing and transportation services that can be scaled and customized to customer’s needs based on market conditions and the demands and delivery service requirements for their products and materials.Types of International Logistics Intermediaries or facilitators:

 International freight forwarder is an individual or a company that books or otherwise arranges space for shipments between countries via common carriers. Customs brokers are private individuals, partnerships, associations or corporations licensed, regulated and empowered by Customs to assist importers and exporters in meeting national requirements governing imports and exports. Non-vessel Operating Common Carriers(NVOCC)buy space from carriers and resell them.NVOCCs essentially act as if they were a carrier, but they do not own or control any of the ships, planes, etc. Export Trading Company(ETC)and Export Management Company(EMC)assist companies in marketing their product in other countries.2)International Logistics Alliances

In logistics, at least as much as any other industry, there has been a strong trend toward alliances in order to promote efficiency.Criteria of a good match:

 Individual excellence  Importance       Interdependence Investment Information Integration Institutionalization Integrity 11

第四篇：深圳牛津版九年级Chapter6教案（精选）

学生： 教师：

教学内容：Chapter6 单元目标

1、掌握引导词that，what，how，when引导的宾语从句

2、掌握have to与need to 的基本用法

3、掌握本单元的重点词汇 教学过程： 核心词汇：

increase

增长

steak 牛排 sausage 香肠

bit小块 influence 影响

cattle牛 drug 药物

pity憾事 crazy 疯狂的 cruel残忍的 grain 谷物

introduction介绍 compare 比较

amount数量 重点短语

be influenced by....=be affected by

受、、、影响 cost of living

生活费用

because of

因为 no more

不再

spend one’s life

度过一生 bits of

少许 get sick

得病

put on weight

增加体重

lose weight

减肥 come down

降低 课文知识点

sound 听起来，系动词，后面可接形容词 感官动词，类似的还有：look，smell，feel，taste，seem Use sth to do sth=do sth with sth 使用某物做某事

no more= not any more 不再

类似no longer= not any longer bit 一点，有点，bits of 小块的 辨析

a little 与 a bit 都用来修饰不可数名词，表示 一点儿；少量，a little 可直接修饰名词，但 a bit 后须加 of后才可接名词

instead adv.代替； instead of 代替；而不是=in place of 辨析instead 与 instead of instead 是副词，常放在句首或句尾 instead of是介词短语，其后接词或词组 better为good 的比较级 be good for 对、、、有益 Doing exercise is good for your health be good at 擅长 =do well in

be good to sb 对、、、好 Rose is good to all of us Make sb do sth 使某人做某事

Lots of= a lot of 意为 许多 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。Get ill =get sick.ill和sick 都是形容词，但ill不能作修饰词，不可以说an ill man,因为ill有坏的意思，避免歧义 because of是介词词组，后面接名词或名词短语，because+从句 语法

一、have to 1.Have to 表示客观的义务或需要，可以用于各种句式

如：I have to go home 2.must 和have to 的用法区别

must和have to 都有必须，应该 的意思。但二者有区别：

（1）must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须，have to 则侧重于客观上的必须，常翻译为不得不，如：I must go now，I have to stay at home because it’s raining.（2）Must可用来表示现在和将来的必须，无时态变化，have to 则有更多的时态变化

如：He had to leave

I will have to buy a new T-shirt.(3)变否定句时，must只要直接在其后加not，表示禁止，have to 通常要变成don’t、doesn’t，didn’t have to 表示不必，不需要

如：You mustn’t smoke here.You don’t have to clean the room.(4)must 没有人称或数的变化；have to 有人称和数的变化，即第三人称单数用has to，其他人称用have to 如：He has to look after his sister.二．Need to Need 既可以作情态动词，也可作实义动词。Need 作实义动词时，后跟名词、代词、不定代词或动名词作宾语。Need作情态动词时后跟动词原形，一般用于疑问句和否定句。

如：You needn’t clean the room now.=You don’t need to clean the room now.Need he practice playing the violin now?=Does he need to practice playing the violin.

第五篇：物流管理概述教案

在我们日常的生活中，常见这样的现象：北方人能够吃到南方新鲜的水果，生活在国内，也能买到外国的商品，这些都是物品流动的结果。简单来说，我们把物的流动就称之为物流，本节学习一下关于物流的基本知识。

任务一：物流的含义

“物流”的来源

我国在2001年将物流定义为：物流是物品从供应地向接收地的实体流动过程。根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能有机结合。——中华人民共和国国家标准物流术语(GB/T 18354—2001)。

课堂互动环节（互动引导学生列举生活中常见的物流现象：食堂每天的豆浆的配送、包裹的送达等，激发学生学习的积极性。）

任务二：物流的分类

（一）主要的物流分类方法 1)宏观物流和微观物流。宏观物流是指从社会再生产总体角度认识和研究的物流活动。微观物流是指消费者、生产者所从事的实际的、具体的物流活动。在整个物流活动中的一个局部、一个环节的具体的物流活动，在一个小地域空间发生的具体的物流活动，针对某一种具体产品所进行的物流活动都是属于微观物流。

（引导学生举例）

2)社会物流和企业物流。社会物流是指企业外部物流活动的总称，即国民经济部门与部门之间、地区与地区之间、企业与企业之间为实现商品流动的各种经济活动，包括企业向社会的分销物流、购进物流、回收物流、废弃物流等。企业物流是指企业内部各部门之间为实现物质实体流动的各种活动，是以企业经营为核心的物流活动，是具体的、微观物流活动的典型领域。

（引导学生举例）

3)国际物流和区域物流。国际物流是指不同国家、地区之间的物流。区域物流是指某一行政区域或经济区域的内部物流。（引导学生举例）

4)一般物流和特殊物流。一般物流指物流活动的共同点和一般性。着眼点在于研究物流的一般规律，建立普遍适用的物流标准化系统，研究物流的共同功能要素，研究物流与其他系统的结合、衔接，研究物流信息系统及管理体制等。特殊物流是指在专门范围、专门领域、特殊行业，在遵循一般物流规律基础上，带有特殊制约因素、特殊应用领域、特殊管理方式、特殊劳动对象、特殊机械装备特点的物流。（引导学生举例）

5)第三方物流。第三方物流的定义为：“物流渠道中的专业化物流中间人，以签订契约的方式，在一定时期内，为其他公司提供所有的或某些方面的物流业务服务。”物流经营方不参与商品的买卖，只是提供从生产到销售的整个流通过程中专门的物流服务，诸如商品运输、存储配送以及增值性物流服务。

（举例——宅急送）

6)第四方物流。第四方物流是一个供应链集成商，它调集和管理组织可以通过整个供应链的资源、能力和技术，以提供一个综合的供应链解决方案。第四方物流不仅控制和管理特定的物流服务，而且对整个物流过程提出策划方案，并通过电子商务将这个过程集成起来。因此，第四方物流成功的关键在于为顾客提供最佳的增值服务，即迅速、高效、低成本和人性化服务等。

（二）企业物流的分类

1)企业供应物流。指为生产企业、流通企业或消费者购入原材料、零部件或商品的过程，即商品生产者、持有者至使用者之间的物流。

2)企业生产物流。指从工厂的原材料购进入库起，直到工厂产品库的产品发送为止的全过程。

3)企业销售物流。指企业为保证自身的经营利益，伴随销售活动将产品所有权转给用户的物流活动。

4)企业分销物流。专业批发业务的物流作业具有大进大出和快进快出的特点，它强调的是批量采购、大量储存以及大量运输的能力，大型分销商需要大型的仓储和运输设施。另外，分销商属于中间商，需要与上游和下游进行频繁的信息交换，需要具有良好的信息接口和高效的信息网络。

5)企业回收物流。企业在生产、供应以及销售活动中总会产生各种边角余料和废料，这些东西的回收是需要伴随物流活动的。

6)企业废弃物物流。指对企业排放的无用物进行运输、装卸和处理的物流活动。

（以制造业企业为例，分析企业物流的分类）