论文 分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观

第一篇：论文 分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观

中

南

大 学

高等教育自学考试本科生毕业论文

论文题目: Views on love and marriage in “Pride and Prejudice”

分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观

学生姓名：罗

考籍号：910108300488 年级专业：2007级英语 指导老师及职称：汤春华 学 院：中南大学科培中心

湖南·长沙 提交日期：2010年4月

Contents

Abstract...............................................................................................................................................1 Keywords............................................................................................................................................1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................3

1、Jane Austen and the Background of Pride and Prejudice............................................3 1.1 Jane Austen................................................................................................................3 1.2 The Background of Pride and Prejudice......................................................................4

2、Four Marriages and Ideals on Love and Marriage Shown in Pride and Prejudice......5 2.1 Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice........................................................................5 2.1.1 Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage.............................................................................5 2.1.2 Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage...............................................................................7 2.1.3 Jane and Mr.Bingley’s Marriage.............................................................................7 2.1.4 Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage...............................................................................8 3.Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage............................................................12

4、Conclusion.................................................................................................................................14 References.......................................................................................................................16 Acknowledgements.........................................................................................................19

Abstract “Pride and Prejudice” is Austen's masterpiece which described four different marriages and love.Until today, this novel is still very popular among many readers and arouses people's observation and unlimited thinking of marriage.This paper aims to probe into the views on love and marriage in ―Pride and Prejudice‖.That is: love and marriage are associated with, but not totally lie on the property and social status.The marriage which is based on the love, mutual understanding and mutual respect is a true happy marriage.Austen not only opposes marriage for money, but also is against the hasty marriage.She attaches great importance to ideal marriage and regards the feelings between men and women as the cornerstone of the ideal marriage.Keywords ―Pride and Prejudice‖;viewpoint of love;viewpoint of marriage;

摘 要

《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯汀的代表作，小说以讽刺为基调描写了四种不同形态的婚姻观和爱情观，时至今日，这部小说仍然吸引着众多读者，引发了人们对婚姻的观察和无限思考。本文就是通过对这四段婚姻的详细的分析，来探讨《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观。笔者认为：爱情婚姻与财产和社会地位相互关联，但绝不能仅取于它，以爱情、相互理解及相互尊重为基础的婚姻才是幸福的婚姻。奥斯汀既反对为金钱而结婚，也反对草率结婚。她强调理想婚姻的重要性，并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。

关键词

《傲慢与偏见》；爱情观；婚姻观;

Introduction

Jane Austen humorously described the marriage in the “Pride and Prejudice” and a series of marriage-related activities in a relaxed manner.The novel consisted of how man picking their wives, how the young women choosing their future husbands and how their mothers selecting their son-in-low in many wonderful scenes.By studying the marital relationship, the authors strive to portray several different marriage and love relations.Although they had got married, the happiness of marriage is differs.This was because Austen's novels the marriage was involving not only the feelings, but also social status and money.“The bachelor who own property must marry a wife, it has become a universally recognized truth.” [6], But that really is a truth? In this paper, the novel's four marriages vividly reflected the British town life and the world state of human of 18 century to the early 19th century in a conservative and isolated state.1.Jane Austen and the Background of Pride and Prejudice

1.1.Jane Austen Jane Austen(1775 – 1817，)was one of the most outstanding writer who described the middle-class in the south of England with realism.From a unique female perspective, she left six immortal works.Her works were full of rich comedy conflicts in humorous and satirical style, so they were regarded as “the art of simplicity”.In Jane Austen's works, the content was not very wide and all were related to the life of a few middle-class families.The theme was about love and marriage between men and women.In the “Simple” works of Jane Austen, they showed us, truly and accurately, the social life and interrelationship and described the social state, marriage as well as political and economic relations between middle-class women at that time.And she expressed her views on marriage, directly or indirectly, by analyzing these phenomena.She believed that marriage just for money was wrong, but marriage of no money was stupid.She also frankly disclosed the inseparable relationship between marriages, property and family status.In her novel, as long as a woman who was intelligent, decent, 3

educated, and patient could overcome social barriers, she would receive the ideal happy marriage.Austen was born in a middle-class family of a small village in England, so the people and things in her works were all connected with this environment which was very familiar to her.It is difficult for readers to find the sufferings of those working people who lived at the bottom of the society at that time.At the same time, the important events, such as the French Revolution and Industrial Revolution, were little.Her narrative was always inseparable from the party, walk, talk, dance......Although this written style received some people's criticism, she still stick to it.She once said that she was ―sculpt on two inches of ivory‖.Austen was never married, but the marriage is the eternal theme of her writings.In her works, the marriage status of middle-class people was alive.1.2.The Background of Pride and Prejudice In this great book, the author amply demonstrated her view on love and marriage.In order to analyze these points of view, we should firstly start from the background of her great works.―At that time, according to the social conditions in Britain, a good marriage for a young woman was critical.This phenomenon was closely associated with the British society and the status of women in the society.In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society.There was no equality between woman and man.Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity.The central life of women was forced to be staying at home.Their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband.‖(Zhu Hong, P34, 1995)

People at that time thought that women should be submissive to their husbands.The virtues of women were patience and deference.They must recognize their inherent inferiority to men, so they must restrict their abilities without question.Although the status of women was low, few of them expressed dissatisfaction about their own destiny.At that time, many middle-class young women had three ways out: getting married, staying at home as old maids or working as the family female teachers.The income of a family female teacher was very low, and the status was low as well.It was very difficult for them to change or swap out of this status, no one would like to be a maid forever, therefore, for young

women, especially those who did not have enough properties, getting married was the only good way for them to gain respect, stability and social status.Austen fully criticized some bad phenomena at that time in her work Pride and Prejudice and took some perfect points about marriage and loved to demonstrate her own view on love and marriage.2.The Four Marriages and the Ideas on Love and Marriage shown in Pride and Prejudice The story showed the ordinary life, feelings of the ordinary people.They were organized in a harmonious order under the author's skillful arrangement.The work mainly described four marriages.Two of them were main and assisted by the other two assistant marriages.―Darcy and Elizabeth’s love and marriage was the main theme of this work.After undergoing many setbacks, Darcy’s arrogance and Elizabeth’s prejudice eventually eliminates, the lovers finally got married.The marriage of Elizabeth’s sister Jane and Darcy’s friend Bingley was another clue.They deeply loved each other, but they were multi—blocked, after their departure, Jane missed Bingley very much.The two marriages reflected the other point of view in positive way that marriage should be based on true love, which was the ideal marry in the author’s opinion.The stories seem to be the ordinary lives, feelings and persons linked up in a harmonious order under the others meticulous concepts.However, the marriage between Charlotte and Collins was a negative example with the marriage between Lydia and Wickham, which helped to make the plots more tortuous and richer.‖(Zhu Hong, P12, 1985)

2.1.Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice 2.1.1.Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage The article mentioned little of Charlotte, however, her image was very full.Charlotte was woman who is well-educated, intelligent and admired much by Elizabeth.But she was in financial difficulties.If she did not get married, she could only live in her brother's home to be a spinster.When Kosslyn had been rejected by Elizabeth and turned to propose to

Charlotte • Lucas, She agreed without the least hesitation and still stick to marry him though she knew that Collins was a man who was neither wise nor pleasant, and very boring and that Mr.Collins did not love her and his so-called love for her was imaginary because for her “ the marriage may not make the women to be too happy, but it is always the best safe for the women, and it can ensure them not to be affected by cold and hunger.” In “Pride and Prejudice” Austen described mostly happy marriage, which often aroused the reader's controversy, because they thought that it is too unrealistic to be true.Collins and Charlotte’s marriage made a brutal footnote for Elizabeth’s romantic and happy love.Indeed we can learn that Austen was on a critical opinion of the society at that time from the fate of Charlotte: In the male-dominated society, unmarried women had no future.Elizabeth was an idealist, she would not marry a fool for money(Kosslyn)and also not to marry a man she did not love(such as the Darcy at the beginning of the story);however Charlotte who was six years older than Elizabeth and had little property was a pragmatist.In order to avoid becoming a spinster, who would suffer gossip in the society, she must make full use of any possible opportunity to get married.As Austen said, the reason that Charlotte was willing to marry him was completely for the purpose of property.She also confessed to Elizabeth: “You know I am not a romantic.Moreover I had never been this kind of person.I only ask for a comfortable home.As with Mr.Collins's character, family relations and social status, I am convinced that my chance of happiness is as fair as most people can boast on entering them marriage state ”(......I am not romantic you know.I never was.I ask only a comfortable home;and considering Mr.Collins’s character, connections, and situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness is as fair as most people can boast on entering them marriage state.)And even after their marriage, Charlotte always felt that “If forget Mr.Collins, the inside and outside of the house is indeed a very comfortable place ”.This was their marriage, which was held together through a pure relation of money and wealth.To some extend, this kind of marriages is actually a social tragedy that is concealed under the gorgeous cover.Through describing such a marriage, Jane• Austen wanted to tell the readers a common point in British society at that time that the most critical factor in marriage is not love, but money.Actually, it was more than in the United Kingdom at that time, even in today's society, this view is very popular, and can be accepted by most people.That was an era in which love was exiled.We could not blame Charlotte and the vast majority of

“Charlottes” too much because it was not entirely their false perhaps in real life love can not defeat the bread forever.2.1.2.Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage

The second marriage is between Bennett’s third daughter Lydia and Wickham, the son of the housekeeper.Originally he was well-treated by his family and friends.However, he came down in the world because of his misbehavior.He got into debt, so he wanted to get money, became rich and changed his social status through marriage which was also a way to approach the talents.He was a man without any responsibility.He does nothing except assailing a woman with obscenities.In his opinion, love was only recreation.For his purpose, he enticed Lydia and got her love easily, for she was young, innocent and vainglorious, and loved to go ease and hated to work hard, and was spoilt by her mother.Getting love and praise of a boy was her dream.So when Wickham wanted to attain to his aim－getting wealth by love and exalting her beauty hypocritically, she forgot who she was and felt she was the most beautiful and happiest girl in the world.Their love did not get the permission from the parents, so then they eloped.When Elizabeth heard the news, she believed that their love was a false.Wickham would not marry Lydia, because she is not charming and had nothing to attract him, who did not love her but loved the wealth of her family.The marriage was admitted with the help of Darcy.Their marriage was considered to be a scandal in Bennett’s family.But Mrs.Bennet was not disgraceful to this marriage.When Collins got the news, he was very angry and reacted to the marriage to revenge his early failure of proposal to her.This marriage was one without love.They didn’t have the real meaning of marriage.They only wanted to satisfy their aspiration.So we can say this is a kind of impromptu love and marriage without true love and responsibility.Such couples only seek the experience of marriage but not everlasting and unchanging one.Of course, such kind of marriage is doomed to be a tragedy.2.1.3.Jane and Mr.Bingley’s Marriage In the novel, Bingley and Jane never stopped pursuing their true love although there were so many obstacles between them.Fortunately, with the help of Darcy and Elizabeth, they finally got married and had a happy life.Bingley and Jane had many similarities in their

characters, which was the main reason to the success of their marriage.They possessed personal attractiveness and dignity, social graces, and a measure of good sense.They all had good breeding, but lacked insight, strength, and self-confidence.They didn’t show their insides easily to the public because they cared the social criticism too much.For Jane, she always concealed her true feelings, which gave others an illusion that she didn’t love Bingley.For Bingley, he yielded easily to criticism of Jane’s social position and easily accepted the suggestions of his sisters and Darcy, which almost consumed the felicity between Jane and him.Frankly speaking, the outside forces facilitated their marriage.According to the relationship between Bingley and Jane, love and respect were the basic factors of their successful and happy marriage.With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily.Most important of all, the couple with common interest can live together in a happy life.Because they understand, help and support between them.They didn’t care the defects of their partners and even they didn’t see any faults in each other.Just as the old saying goes, ―Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fall into the same group.‖

2.1.4.Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage Elizabeth was the actress in the “Pride and Prejudice”.Her love and marriage was the main thread running through the entire novel.At the beginning of the “recognized the truth” mentioned in the novel, all the girls in the middle-class families wanted to marry a good man.But Elizabeth had a different interpretation for a “good husband”.She believed that a husband not only need have certain number of family property but also must respect women, and at the same time there must be mutual understanding between them.Mr.Collins was the first suitor to Elizabeth.Elizabeth was surprised at first, but soon turned down Collins's proposal of marriage because she did not love Collins and could not fall in love with him.Elizabeth was impressed by Wickham’s elegant behavior and demeanor, but she still did not want to choose him to be her husband.She told her aunt that she could handle the relationship between her and Wickham and she would not fall in love with Wickham.Collins was secular cavity too, but smart without a common language with Elizabeth.Wickham is not rich man and lack of morality.Despite later Elizabeth discovered the true

face of Wickham.It did not affect the principle of Elizabeth optional husband.Wickham's exposure to poverty let him outside the scope of Elizabeth's choice of husband.But later why did Elizabeth reject Darcy who is a handsome wealthy man? Elizabeth clearly stated her answer: “Why, with so evident a design of offending and insulting me, you choose to tell me that you liked me against your will, against your reason, and even against your character? Was not this some excuse for incivility, if I was uncivil? ”(Austen, 2004:139).Of course, she had prejudice for Darcy and Wickham fabricated lies about Darcy, which had a certain impact on Elizabeth’ refusal to Darcy's marriage proposal, but the most important reason was that Elizabeth hated Darcy for their arrogant attitude.Elizabeth rejected the arrogant Darcy, but Darcy accepted the humble.Their marriage was based on Darcy's property and their love.The composition of property and the love marriage was the two indispensable important factors.When her sister Jane asked Elizabeth t how long she had fallen in love with Darcy, she replied: “It has been coming on so gradually that I hardly know when it began, but I believe I must date it from my first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberly.”(Austen, 2004:275)On the one hand, it revealed Elizabeth’s mockery.On the other hand, it also reflected her inner thoughts.It was this statement which reflected her attitude for money, marriage and life: The marriage based on no money was undesirable.So she visited Darcy’s luxurious Pember Lee Garden.After visiting the Manor, she felt that to be the Pember Lee Gardens hostess was quite good.From a psychological sense, it was a direct reflection of her inner thoughts.She was Bonnet’s second daughter, an active, intelligent and smart girl.She had a middle-class family background and had not been affected by the formal education belonging to those aristocratic young girls, so she was not good at music and painting, but she had read many books which made her knowledgeable and perceptive.The most important aspect was that she was a lady with dignity and upbringing.Darcy was a tall man with good manner.He was handsome, rich and powerful.So he was the ideal husband of most girls.He had grown up in the surroundings with strong sense of power, so he was always selfish and arrogant and had a critical look at each individual, except the family members.He was not concerned about anyone else, and looked down upon anyone else.Therefore, when he first arrived in the village, he found all the persons were beyond his imagination.Although every girl was young and lovely, he has no interest in young girls

except Elizabeth.But actually, at first he didn’t put an eye on Elizabeth.Gradually, he had to admit that Elizabeth was beautiful, distinct and popular, although he insisted that Elizabeth hadn't the same social status as him.Darcy was rational because he has a strong sense of power, which agreed on the reality at that time.Although he expressed his love to Elizabeth, he couldn't help showing his arrogance, which made Elizabeth have misconception and prejudice on Darcy.Darcy loved Elizabeth, but looked down upon her social status.He considered that he had been lowing himself and doing something against his will, personalities and even moral standard.He thinks that his marriage would certainly succeed and Elizabeth was waiting for him to propose marriage.Therefore, even he was irresistible to the flooding feelings, and condescends to Elizabeth.He still remembered the gap between them.Clearly, the rational aspect of Darcy’s personality performed on the realities of society.When he talked about his feelings of love, he also expressed the arrogance of these fully feelings, which resulted in the arousing resentment of Elizabeth;she rejected his marriage proposal, and angrily accused his insolence.The rational aspect of the heroine Elizabeth showed her clear, calm and actually stressful personality.Compared with her stupid mother, the smooth and lazy father, the shallow-minded, self-willed sister with feather head, Elizabeth was one with ideal mind.She was elegant like her sister Jane, but more intellectually.She also advised her sister to see through the stupidity and nonsense of those camouflage honest persons.Unconsciously, they were fascinated by each other for the physical attraction, and this led to the experience of passion in a loving relationship.In regard to Darcy, he initially did not think Elizabeth was beautiful enough, and scorned her low relatives and vulgar family members despite his later passion for Elizabeth.Darcy loved Elizabeth’s charming appearance and intelligence.His admiration for Elizabeth was obvious in the following details.When Elizabeth went to look after her sister Jane on foot, Miss Bingley made fun of her and her family at the back.Even Miss Bingley said to Darcy, ―I am afraid….that this adventure has rather lessened your admiration for her fine eyes‖.But Darcy replied: ―Not at all, they are brightened by the exercise‖.At Pemberley when Miss Bingley noticed that Darcy admired Elizabeth, she intended to confuse Elizabeth and made her show some feeling that might harm her in Darcy’s opinion.But it meant nothing to Darcy.She continued to criticize Elizabeth’s appearance, behavior and dress.Darcy could no longer control himself

and said: ―For many months I have considered her as one of the best looking women I have consider her as one of the best looking women in my acquaintance‖.The intimacy component was formed after the prejudice was relieved.For Elizabeth, there are three elements causing her prejudice against Darcy—Darcy’s humiliation of her at the Meryton assembly by his aloof manner and superiority;and her suspicion of his responsibility for Mr.Bingley’s sudden migration to London which would ruin her sister’s chance of happiness.So when he made his proposal to Elizabeth, he heard her say: ―I had not known you a month before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be induced to marry‖.Shocked and humiliated by Elizabeth’s refusal, the arrogant Darcy finally learned his lessons from Elizabeth.Upright as he actually was, Darcy wrote letter to Elizabeth, reveals the true character of Wickham and his true perception of Jane’s manner to Bingley.It was at this moment that Elizabeth contemplated the whole thing and she turned ―absolutely ashamed of herself‖, and the prejudice was relieved.Elizabeth at this point moved from strong hospitality to benevolent neutrality, but ―she could not approve him;or refusal, or feel the slightest inclination ever to see him again‖.The commitment component was formed after Elizabeth accept Darcy’s proposal.Only on the condition that Elizabeth saw the altered new Darcy, could she accept him as her man, who she respected and who respected her and her family.When Darcy meets Elizabeth at Pemberly unexpectedly, he entered into conversation with Mr.Gardiner.Elizabeth’s uncle, and asked permission for his sister to call upon Elizabeth.When Elizabeth told him that Lydia has run away with Wickham, he didn’t despise her but brought about the marriage by giving Wickham money.He started to stand on the level of equality to propose Elizabeth and he succeeded.After dispelling all misunderstandings, all three components of love——intimacy, passion, and commitment are formed.3.Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage

Jane Austen is a writer who regards novel writing as a sophisticated art.With a cool hand, she always has her imagination and passion under control.With great details drawn from everyday life and activities, the pictures of her characters are vividly portrayed and everyone comes alive.With simple language and conversing dialogues, her novels are surprisingly realistic.When she converted the disorderly reality into an orderly artistic unity, she pays much attention to the formal qualities of composition, to the design, and to the subordination of the parts to the whole.Her plots appear natural, unforced.They were developed easily and unhurriedly under the author’s perfect control.All the characters have their place in the plot and contribute to the main story.At her best, she keeps balance between facts and form as no other English novelist has ever done.Jane Austen is one of the few novelists who have managed fully to satisfy the requirements in the art of novel writing.Compared with other writers, Jane Austen defined hers stories within a narrow sphere.The subject matters, the character range, the social setting and plots are all restrict to the late 18th century England.Everything in her novels reminds us of a quiet, uneventful and contented life of the English country.Jane Austen believed that a man’s relation to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his belief and career, and reveals him fundamentally, so she characterizes readers a human being not at moments of crisis, but in the most trivial incidents of everyday life, such as their personal relations, human beings with their families and neighbors, etc.As a result, her novels have a universal significance.Jane Austen’s main concern is about human beings in their personal relationship.As a result her novels have a universal significance.From her point of view, life is made up of small things and human nature reveals itself in them as fully as in big ones and a man’s relationship to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his concerns about his belief and career, which reveals his moral quality more accurately and truthfully.So when Jane Austen writes she would describe human being in the most trivial incidents of everyday life rather than at moments of crisis.She wrote within a narrow sphere.The subject matter, the character range, the social settings and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England.Her attention would go to three or four landed gentle

families with their daily routine life: relationships with members of their own family and with their friends, dancing parties, tea parties, picnics, barbecues and gossips.As a realistic writer, she considers it her duty to express in her words a serious criticism of life and to expose the weakness and illusions of mankind.In her style she is a neoclassicism advocator, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, proportion and graceful in novel writing.The interest of Jane Austen is to study human being in their relations with other people in daily life, so her novels concern about the relationship between men and women in love.Stories of love and marriage provide the framework for all her novels and in which women are always taken as the major characters.In their pursuit of a happy marriage, they could be grouped into three categories: those who marry for money, position and property, those who marry just for passion and those who marry for love which is based on consideration of both the person’s personal merit and his economical and social status.So in her novels the point that money is not the only thing in the consideration of marriage but it plays a very important role found best reflection there.Austen’s this view towards marriage is still very popular nowadays.There are a lot of novels talking about marriage in Britain, but scarcely an author could be like Austen, exposing the money-essence of capitalism marriage system so deeply.In brief, it is money that determines everybody’s life and fate, especially marriage.As for it was pragmatic meaning, it could be forceful and penetrating.No wonder that David Dax，a western Marxism critic said, in the aspect of exposing ―the economics of human beings’ behavior‖, Jane Austen, ―to some extent, had been a Marxist before Marx’s being born.4.Conclusion As in any good love story, the lovers must elude and overcome numerous stumbling blocks, beginning with the tensions caused by the lovers’ own personal qualities.Elizabeth’s pride makes her misjudge Darcy on the basis of a poor first impression, while Darcy’s prejudice against Elizabeth’s poor social standing blinds him, for a time, to her many virtues.Of course, one could also say that Elizabeth is guilty of prejudice and Darcy of pride: the title cuts both ways.Austen, meanwhile, poses countless smaller obstacles to the realization of the love between Elizabeth and Darcy, including Lady Catherine’s attempt to control her nephew, Miss Bingley’s snobbery, Mrs.Bennet’s idiocy, and Wickham’s deceit.In each case, anxieties about social connections, or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love.Darcy and Elizabeth’s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Austen views love as something independent of these social forces, as something that can be captured if only an individual is able to escape the warping effects of hierarchical society.Austen does sound some more realist(or, one could say, cynical)notes about love, using the character of Charlotte Lucas, who marries the buffoon Mr.Collins for his money, to demonstrate that the heart does not always dictate marriage.Yet with her central characters, Austen suggests that true love is a force separate from society and one that can conquer even the most difficult of circumstances.The title tells the major concern of the novel: pride and prejudice.Pride is the character flaw that causes Elizabeth to dislike Darcy upon their first meeting.Yet Elizabeth herself also suffers from the same flaw;her pride in her own ability to analyze character is such that she refuses to reevaluate Darcy in the face of evidence in his favor.The concept of pride can be defined into two ways: positive and negative.Possessing positive or right pride is to have self-respect, honor, and integrity.On the other hand, wrong or negative pride is defined as showing arrogant or disdainful conduct and haughtiness.Mr.Darcy displays the positive side of pride while Mr.Bennet possesses wrong or negative pride, and a lack of pride itself in some cases.Darcy is responsible for his sister, himself, his estate, and his family name.He takes pride in these things and does anything he can to protect them.But Mr.Bennet who is a father of five daughters, a husband, and the holder of reputable conduct in the family, does

not take pride in his family or takes his responsibility;Mr.Bennet ridicules the members of his family instead of controlling their unruly actions.Pride and Prejudice depicts a society in which a woman’s reputation is of the utmost importance.A woman is expected to behave in certain ways.Stepping outside the social norms makes her vulnerable to ostracism.This theme appears in the novel, when Elizabeth walks to Netherfield and arrives with muddy skirts, to the shock of the reputation-conscious Miss Bingley and her friends.At other points, the ill-mannered, ridiculous behavior of Mrs.Bennet gives her a bad reputation with the more refined(and snobbish)Darcy and Bingley.Austen pokes gentle fun at the snobs in these examples, but later in the novel, when Lydia elopes with Wickham and lives with him out of wedlock, the author treats reputation as a very serious matter.By becoming Wickham’s lover without benefit of marriage, Lydia clearly places herself outside the social pale, and her disgrace threatens the entire Bennet family.Love is wonderful.The distance between two hearts is not necessarily because physical proximity or separation may change.But youth and love are the most likely to disappear under the sun of things.A woman can be deeply loved by a man in her all life.Is that a kind of happy? Or, a woman in her life missed a man who deeply loved her.What kind of regrets? Pride and Prejudice are the two points in our common human weaknesses.The human nature is too easily distorted, alienated.If not carefully or falling into blindness, you will loss of justice and reason.Meanwhile it was manipulated by emotions and it will go wrong.Elizabeth and Darcy is only one representative.The origin, property, status, education, once stained with upper edge, it is easy arrogance of the illnesses contracted on the poor, low, vulgar person disdained eyes;while the low status, property, few people, for humanity a kind of self-esteem, places biased against the pride of the superior person, which naturally is another distortion of arrogance.In “Pride and Prejudice”, although it is a battle of wits and means shining love sitcoms, actually tells us a truth, that is a solid love is the cornerstone of marriage.In order to property, money and status of marriage is wrong;while marriage does not take into account the factors mentioned above is also foolish.Love and similar interests are the basic factors of a successful and happy marriage.With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily.Most important of all, the couple with similar interests can live together with a happy life, because there are

understandings, helps and supporting between them.They don’t care the defects of their partners and even they don’t see any faults in each other.Just as the old saying going, ―Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fill into the same group.‖

References：

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Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis.I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Miss.Tang who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies.In the preparation of the thesis，she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice.Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in The Central South of University, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis.I should finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.

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157 海明威的“冰山原则”与其短篇小说的人物对话 158 任务型教学在初中英语的实施情况研究

159 Characteristics of Interpretation and Roles of Interpreters 160 探索《小王子》中主人公的性格

161 负迁移在词汇层面上对中国学生的英语作为第二语言写作的影响 162 《小城畸人》里的象征主义手法分析

163 简•奥斯汀《诺桑觉寺》中人物对爱情和婚姻的不同态度 164 《吉姆爷》的生态女性主义解读 165 简单原则：《瓦尔登湖》的主题分析 166 呼啸山庄之人性的泯灭

167 英语歌曲在英语教学中的应用 168 《红字》中海斯特性格分析

169 合作原则视角下探析广告语篇中省略的会话含意 170 英语基本味觉词“甜/苦”的隐喻机制 171 旅游与文化

172 从中西文化差异的角度浅析商宴之道

173 《园会》中男性人物性格作用分析 174 艾米莉狄金森死亡诗歌的解读 175 简析比喻在《围城》中的运用

176 美国牛仔形象演变和西部电影发展的研究 177 论象征主义在《喜福会》中的体现

178 Verification of Soft Term in Letter of Credit 179 On the Gothic Feature of Edgar Allan Poe’s The Black Cat 180 美国基督新教与中国儒家的伦理道德的比较 181 笛福《鲁宾逊漂流记》中鲁宾逊形象解析 182 初中英语口语教学的课堂管理

183 On the Translation of Children’s Literature in the Light of the Skopostheory:A Case Study of The dventures of Tom Sawyer 184 试析《弗兰肯斯坦》中的哥特风格

185 从《印度之行》看福斯特的人文主义思想观 186 从《盲人》中的“血性意识”看劳伦斯的文明观 187 中美礼貌用语的跨文化对比分析 188 “红”、“黄”汉英联想意义对比研究

189 论赫尔曼•梅尔维尔《白鲸》中的象征主义 190 从文化差异角度谈国际商务谈判中的语言技巧 191 论修辞在广告语中的运用和翻译 192 中国传统文化中特色词语的翻译

193 析乔治艾略特在《织工马南》中的语言特色

194 从《去吧，摩西》中的“熊”看福克纳对人性的探讨 195 论《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观 196 从植物词看英汉文化差异

197 分析《基辅怨》中雅柯夫的“受难”主题

198 路易莎•梅•奥尔科特《小妇人》中的女性话语 199 浅析伍尔夫意识流小说中的叙事时间

200 Tradition and Beyond—Reading The Diviners as a Bildungsroman

第四篇：大学生的爱情观和婚姻观

浅谈爱情观和婚姻观

爱情和婚姻是人生中的必修课，没有经历过爱情和婚姻的人生是不完整的。但是，对于大学生来说，要树立正确的爱情和婚姻观念，不能因为沉迷于爱情而荒废学业。作为一名大学生，下面就浅谈一些个人的爱情观和婚姻观。

爱情观

有人说，大学生不应该谈恋爱，而是要以学习为重，但我认为，大学的爱情是最纯洁的，你不想恋爱，不代表恋爱不会降临到你身边，那为何不珍惜这个享受的机会呢？每个人都想有一个人能在你伤心时给你依靠，在你不开心时哄你开心，在大学里，要学会做人，学会生活，学会恋爱，也许分手的不少，但没分手的也有很多。当有位异性真诚地向你表达倾慕之情，并希望有进一步交往时，如果感觉对了，为何不给彼此一个机会呢？

爱情有很多种形式，也许在大学期间，所谈的恋爱只处在喜欢阶段，但随着相处的时间慢慢变长，喜欢终究会变成爱，大学恋爱并不可怕，关键是要树立正确的爱情观，不要因为谈恋爱而影响学业。要学会对自己负责，对未来负责，知道自己在做什么，为什么这么做，在恋爱与学习中找到一个平衡点，正确处理恋爱挫折和问题，取得学业与爱情两得意。

如果爱，请深爱；如果不爱，请离开；爱就大声说出来，因为谁都不知道，明天和意外，哪个会先来。遇到合适的，就好好地谈一场恋爱，不分手最好，分手了就当吸取经验，不过，在交往期间要真诚对待，千万不能玩弄别人的感情。

婚姻观

婚姻是神圣的殿堂，婚姻同爱情不同，婚姻强调得更多的是一种责任，当与对方签下结婚证的那一刻起，肩负的不仅仅是对对方爱的给予，更多的是一种一生一世的承诺和永不离弃的相伴。

婚姻是爱情的升华，美满的婚姻需要双方的两情相悦和互相扶持，当然，这离不开对物质基础和精神层面的各种考虑，但如果单纯为了金钱、地位、权势等方面的因素而结婚，可能短时间内不会有很大矛盾，不过，随着时间的推移，矛盾会被逐渐激化，甚至最终会导致离婚收场。

也许随着思想观念的越来越开放，很多人的婚姻意识逐渐淡薄，但传统观念上认为，婚姻与家庭密切相关，婚姻的成功体现了家庭的幸福，家庭的美满又彰显出婚姻的意义。我认为，真诚相对是维持婚姻的最好方法之一，就像谢庭锋和张柏芝，如果张柏芝能坦白自己的所为，可能并不会导致离婚。因此，要想维持一段美好的婚姻，需要双方的共同努力，坦诚相待，互相关心，爱情保鲜等。

婚姻不能当儿戏，要经过深思熟虑才能确定是否真的要在一起生活。一旦结婚了，就只能专一地爱对方，包容对方，相濡以沫，当然，如果不幸福，离婚也是一种解脱。另外，在现今的社会中，婚外情是对婚姻的不忠和不尊重，是会被世人唾弃的。

第五篇：傲慢与偏见婚姻观的分析中文英文~

(一)莉蒂亚和韦汉的婚姻：盲目的激情，追求享乐

在《傲慢与偏见》中，最不被人看好的婚姻，无疑就是莉蒂亚和韦汉的婚姻了。作者甚至没有正面交代二人是如何相恋，继而出走的。只是简单的透过珍和迦迪南舅妈写给伊莉莎白的信，让读者瞭解大概的情况。两人之间很难说有什麽爱情，即使勉强有，也只能算是一时的激情。Austen 对他们的婚姻持以一种批判的态度，莉蒂亚的轻浮、鲁莽和无知即使在小说的结尾也没有改变，韦汉的狡诈、野心和肤浅也使我们感到厌恶。基于两人个性的因素，莉蒂亚和韦汉的婚姻的不稳定性是显而易见的。然而，理智、感情与道德可以说是婚姻精神层面上最重要的组成部分，而这桩婚姻却不具备任何一项，可见，他们婚姻的失败是早已注定。韦汉选择莉蒂亚的原因，书中并没有详细指出，不过他之所以同意与莉蒂亚结婚，金钱发挥了重要的作用。韦汉是个不折不扣的花花公子，在与莉蒂亚私奔前，曾经追求过金小姐和达西小姐，目的都是为了钱。韦汉怀有这样的心态，与当时的社会风气不无关係。在18 世纪时财富仍是社会中上层人士择偶时的重点，同时韦汉做为地位稍底的中等阶级，并没有大量的财产传承，因而更加重了他对金钱的贪婪。最终还是达西出面，替韦汉偿还了债务，并在莉蒂亚名下的钱之外，又给了她一千英镑，并给韦汉买了个官职，最终换来了莉蒂亚和韦汉的婚姻。可见在这段婚姻中除了盲目的激情，金钱也扮演了关键的角色。

(二)夏绿蒂和柯林斯的婚姻：向现实妥协

在《傲慢与偏见》中，金钱和爱情往往是形影不离的。小说裡人们谈婚论嫁时总少不了金钱的影子，而阐述金钱对于婚姻选择的影响，一个最典型的例子就是柯林斯和夏绿蒂的婚姻

柯林斯选择夏绿蒂做自己的妻子，显然不是因为爱上他，在柯林斯向伊莉莎白求婚时就已经详细阐述了他要结婚的理由：（注一）“第一，我生活安定；第二，我认为结婚可以使我更加快乐；第三，狄堡夫人希望我能有一个能干、会照料家庭的贤内助，因为这对我的前途大有帮助。”因而当柯林斯向伊莉莎白求婚遭到拒绝后，他毫不犹豫的把结婚对象转向了

夏绿蒂。柯林斯急着结婚，并不是出于个人需要，只是在完成他所崇拜的狄堡夫人所要求的一项任务，只要结婚了就算完成了任务。至于结婚对像是谁，对她是否有感情这些并不重要。而且夏绿蒂还算是出身贵族的小姐，也算是门当户对，这也已经足够了

夏绿蒂‧卢卡斯可以说是《傲慢与偏见》裡有智慧并富有理性的一位女子，是她最先看出达西对伊莉莎白有意，并且向伊莉莎白表达她对珍和宾利感情发展的担忧，不可否认的，他的顾虑也是正确的。夏绿蒂的聪明伶俐令人印象深刻，但更让人感叹的是她对于自己婚姻选择的那份精明。她清楚得瞭解自己的需求，对一个外表既不出众，也没有什麽丰厚嫁妆，更不奢求浪漫的女子而言，或许与柯林斯的婚姻就能满足，所以，嫁给柯林斯何尝不是一种无奈又实际的选择。聪明的她早就看出了柯林斯既不通情达理，又不讨人喜欢。但是她还是选择了他，因为夏洛特选择的这种婚姻，能确保她不至于贫困挨饿，也不用担心丈夫变心，至于婚姻幸福与否就要放到次要位置了。

Austen 并不欣赏这样的婚姻，透过文字可以感觉到她对这种婚姻的嘲讽。但以现代的角度来看，夏洛特的选择，是迫于现实的无奈。

(三)伊莉莎白和达西的婚姻：情投意合，理智与情感的完美结合伊莉莎白与达西的婚姻是《傲慢与偏见》中最美满、最成功的理想婚姻，二人的结合是真正建立在爱情的基础之上。

伊莉莎白在贝纳家中排行老二，她虽然没有珍那麽美丽的外表，却也亭亭玉立。更可贵的是她不但聪明伶俐，活泼可爱，而且还有着丰富的个性和内涵。伊莉莎白认识到了当时社会上以财富和社会地位来谈婚论嫁的风气，自己最好的朋友的婚姻也不是建立在爱情的基础之上，但她并没有迷失自己，而是选择继续勇敢地追寻自己的爱情。正是伊莉莎白的这种不凡的谈吐和高贵的情操吸引了达西，让达西对她产生爱意。

伊莉莎白和达西。但两个人在性格上都有各自的弱点：伊莉莎白是一位中产阶级的小姐，受过中等教育，是一名绅士的女儿。但与贵族阶级相比，家庭地位还是低下，亲友又是欠缺教养，常常在公共场合丑态百出，使她自惭自愧，在这样的环境中就为她性格中的偏见奠定了基础；而达西性格内向，不喜欢和陌生人说话，再加上他出身豪门，拥有巨额财富，难免会给人傲慢的印象。两人刚开始接触时，对彼此的印象都不好。但随着接触的增加，渐渐地被伊莉莎白的美丽和可爱所打动，尤其是她机灵的头脑和诙谐更是深深吸引了他，儘管他觉得伊莉莎白出身不算高贵，看不起她的家庭并认定自己向伊莉莎白求婚，已经是降低了身分，违背了自己的意志、理智，甚至是违背人格的行为。他认为身份低微而又缺少金钱财富的伊莉莎白对他这样身份的大少爷表达之爱意一定会欣喜若狂的接受。但是他的自以为是，却激起了伊莉莎白的怒火，并断然拒绝了他的求婚，还毫不留情地指责他的傲慢无礼。

条件再好的人，若不是以对等的眼光看待彼此，便不会产生爱情，更别说是婚姻了。于是达西渐渐认识到了自己的不足，他接受了伊莉莎白的指正，并改正了自己傲慢自负的缺点。而且在达西挺身而出，解决了莉蒂亚和韦汉的问题后，也赢得了伊莉莎白的尊重，另一方面，伊莉莎白也透过韦汉的言行与週遭人的评论，瞭解到自己的无知与偏见，并逐渐接受了「悔过」的达西，两人之间终于产生了真挚的感情，并缔结成了美满的姻缘。

金钱在《傲慢与偏见》中无处不在，即使在伊莉莎白和达西的爱情中也不免掺杂着一点金钱的因素。在外人看来，伊莉莎白如同捡到了宝，就像贝纳太太所说的，他将会变成一位有钱的贵妇，先前对达西先生的不满与愤怒，早已消失。而伊莉莎白和达西的婚姻之所以超脱于书中描写的其他几桩婚姻，就是因为两人不但品德高尚，而且是真心相爱。

Impressions of Pride and Prejudice

I’ve read a book called Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen during this winter holidays.Jane Austen was unmarried all her life.She was born in a mid-class family and was brought up in a comfortable environment with harmonious surroundings, so there’s not too many conflicts in her sight neither in her novel.In Pride and Prejudice she talked different ideas about love and marriage through different characters.The novel has told an interesting story: Mr.Bennet is an English gentleman with an estate in Hertfordshire.He has five unmarried daughters but no sons while his inheritance must be inherited by a male, so Mrs.Bennet has been keen to seek husband for her daughters with great enthusiasm.One day the Bennets had a new neighbor called Bingley who was a wealthy bachelor

and followed be the target of Mrs.Bennet.At a ball Bingley fell in love with Jane Bennet who’s the oldest daughter of the Bennets.Bingley’s friend Darcy also came to the ball and struck the sights, many girls liked him while he thought all of them couldn’t suit his preference, including Elizabeth.Mr.Darcy always shows others a impression of pride, having found this Elizabeth began to hate Mr.Darcy.Before long Darcy fell in love with Elizabeth Bennett(second oldest daughter in the Bennets)because of her lovely behavior, while Elizabeth is disgusted by his pride and has a prejudice about him.The official Wickham was welcomed by the villagers, and Elizabeth also took a shine to him.Wickham told Elizabeth that his father had been the steward of the Darcys.The old Darcy had regarded Wickham as his own son and showed more love to him than to Mr.Darcy.After the old Darcy died, the property should be inherited by Wickham was all deprived by Mr.Darcy, also was his pastorate.All this increased Eli’s prejudice about Mr.Darcy.At another ball Mr.Darcy invited Elizabeth to dance with him, but Eli refused him.Eli’s elder male cousin Mr.Collin came to Hertfordshire to inherit the Bennett's property by rules, he wanted to marry with one of the Bennets.Having known that Jane was already engaged with Mr.Bingley, he asked Elizabeth to marry him but was seriously rejected.At last he proposed to Charllote who was Eli’s friend.Mr.Collins was good at flattering and he got the pastorate with the help of Lady Catherine.Once his family was invited to Rosings Garden by Lady Catherine.Elizabeth also went there with Mr.Collin and Charllote.There she met Mr.Darcy who’s Lady Catherine’s nephew.Later in a garden, Sir William told Eli about Mr.Darcy’s latest act of dissuading Mr.Bingley’s marring Jane Bennet which caused Eli’s exceedingly anger.Then Mr.Darcy came to the Collins’ and confessed his love for Elizabeth, of course he was rejected impolitely.Afterwards Mr.Darcy wrote a letter to Eli in order to remove her misunderstandings of him.Elizabeth’s uncle and aunt were also impressed by Mr.Darcy’s politeness.Gradually Eli’s prejudice of Mr.Darcy diappeared.Eventually they became couple.The writer Jane Austen disclosed mid-class young ladies’ different ideas of marriage and love through describing the different ways in which the Bennet girls doing with their marriage problems ,and this undoubtedly shows the writer’s idea about love and marriage: it’s wrong to get married just for property, wealth and status while neither would it be without caring about those elements.Jane Austen just attached great significance to marriage through her novel by telling people that marriage should be regarded carefully cause it is not a game you could just enjoy without prudent consideration.She also wanted to deliver information that marriage should be based on real love between the lovers.The female subject Elizabeth is a mid-class girl, and Darcy proposed to her regardless of the gap between them, but Elizabeth refused because of his pride had formed Eli’s prejudice.Cause Darcy’s pride was a suggest of status gap between he and Eli, he wouldn’t have the same thought with Eli and consequently the ideal marriage.But later Darcy’s doings especially his change of the prideful manner eliminated Eli’s misunderstandings and prejudice about him, and Eli accepted his proposal.Those two opposite attitudes reflect female’s pursue of independent personality and equality.I think Elizabeth has personality ethic which caused her independent idea about love and marriage and in consequence she earned a happy life.There’re also Eli’s sisters’ love stories served as contrasts to the female subject’s ideal marriage, such as Charlotte and Collin’s life: they do had a luxury life, but there’s noreal love between them and this kind of marriage is surely a tragedy of society.