第一篇：《小妇人》与《傲慢与偏见》中女性爱情观对比研究
英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）
最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作
论《一个温和的建议》中的黑色幽默 从传统消费观念看中美文化差异
两个反叛的女人——姚木兰和斯佳丽之对比分析 析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿•考尔菲德的性格特征 凯瑟琳•曼斯菲尔德《幸福》中的女性主义解读 《红楼梦》杨霍两译本建筑名比较
An Analysis of the Ambivalent Character of Frederick Winterbourne in Daisy Miller 《名利场》中的女主人公性格分析
论伊恩•麦克尤恩作品《赎罪》中的道德观
Comparisons between Chinese Educationists and Western Educationists 美剧字幕中的译者主体性——以美剧Gossip Girl第一季为例 霍桑《红字》女性主义的探析
The Lexical Features of Black English in RAP Music and its Influence 论本杰明•富兰克林《自传》 中的美国精神 社会因素对汉语中英语外来词的影响 论有效开展小学英语对话教学的策略 目的论视角下旅游景区公示语误译的研究 源于真爱的结合：简爱的婚姻对当代人的启示 从目的论的角度谈商标翻译的原则及技巧
The Study of Joseph Conrad’s Colonialism in Heart of the Darkness 英汉新词对比研究
浅析英语广播新闻的语言特色 英语教学中的跨文化意识的培养
从《芒果街上的小屋》透视女性自我意识的觉醒 王尔德家庭道德观在《认真的重要性》中的体现 小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》中的精神力量分析 中美家庭教育与个人能力培养 英汉产品简介的对比分析
诠释《儿子与情人》中儿子、母亲、情人之间的关系 论《都柏林人》中的情感瘫痪
福克纳对女性形象的塑造—以《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》和《士兵的报酬》为例 从《嘉莉妹妹》看美国梦与道德观
被压抑的堕落的人性——《包法利夫人》女主人公性格分析 谈丽莉的悲剧－－不够懦弱到随波逐流，又不够勇敢到逃离反抗 论莎士比亚的宗教思想 论福斯塔夫的性格
《贵妇的画像》的过渡性特征的分析研究 中英姓名的文化内涵
英汉语篇中的省略衔接手段对比及其翻译方法——以《雪》译文为例 分析与比较中美电视新闻的娱乐化，及其未来的发展
极致现实主义与现代自然主义──分析杰克伦敦小说《野性的呼唤》 论非言语交际行为与外语教师素质的关系 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）
英语基本味觉词“甜/苦”的隐喻机制 44 旅游宣传资料翻译中的语用因素 45 对《愤怒的葡萄》中圣经原型的分析
托马斯哈代与张爱玲作品中女性悲剧命运对比研究——以苔丝和顾曼桢为例 47 中美婚姻时间选择的对比研究
商务活动中的习俗、礼节和礼仪探析
On the Conflicts Reflected in the Character of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye 50 Translation of the Implied Meaning in Communication 51 电影《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》中女主人公性格浅析 52 从《打鱼人和他的灵魂》看王尔德的唯美主义 53 On Symbolism in Hemingway's Cat in the Rain 54 文化负迁移对翻译的影响
从跨文化交际角度看电影片名翻译
The Reasons Why Robert Cohn is Despised by All in The Sun Also Rises 57 人格、环境与命运——以弗洛伊德“人格结构理论”分析《还乡》中的主要人物命运 58 论《喧哗与躁动》中的女性形象
An Analysis of Shelley's Prometheus Unbound 60 从女性主义角度分析简爱的女性意识
The Politeness Principle in English Business Letters 62 从顺应论角度看劳伦斯小说中关于心理动机的语码转换 63 《纯真年代》中艾伦•奥伦斯卡和梅•韦兰的人物命运分析
An Analysis of the Tragic Fate of Mary Turner in The Grass Is Singing 65 论《麦田里的守望者》的意义 66 英语课堂中的非传统学习策略
《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的追求和理想的分析 68
从归化与异化的角度研究《金锁记》的翻译策略 70 英语专业新生英语阅读习惯调查
从中西文化差异对英语口语教学的探讨
从许渊冲“三美论”看中国古典诗歌翻译的不可译和创造性再现 73 金钱决定婚姻 74 苔丝悲剧原因探究 75 英语委婉语的内涵
浅析多丽丝•莱辛《天黑前的夏天》中凯特的多重身份 77 《荷塘月色》的两个英译版本的比较研究 78 跨文化商务谈判中的语用原则分析 79 五官习语的翻译
On the Unique Narrating Methods and Writing Skills in Brideshead Revisited 81 An Analysis of the Stylistic Features and Pragmatic Functions of Network Language 82 On House’s Model for Translation Quality Assessment——A Case Study of Li Mi’s Chen Qing Biao 83 《好人难寻》中哥特手法运用的分析
中国旅游指南的中译英研究（开题报告+论）
Saussure’s Five Contributions to Linguistic Study and Its Modern Applications 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）
中外大学校训对比研究 87 《白鲸》原型批判的分析
From Dormancy to Revival—A Feminist Study on Kate Chopin’s Awakening 89 浅析《飘》中斯嘉丽的婚姻观 90习语的文化现象及翻译策略研究
对《卡斯特桥市长》主人公亨查德矛盾性格的分析 92 宋词英译中的归化和异化
《榆树下的欲望》之农场意象－－基于生态女性主义的分析 94 论托尼·莫里森《宠儿》中的模糊化现象 95 中美婚姻价值观对比
论英语演讲开场的决定性因素和相关策略
从传播美学分析国内畅销知名化妆品广告中的译文 98 Teleology, Religion and Contexts 99 英语流行语的文化内涵
语义翻译与交际翻译在英语专业八级翻译考试中的应用 101 分析《土生子》中的种族主义的恶性影响
An analysis of Female Images in The House on Mango Street from the Perspective of Feminism 103 论小说《德库拉》中的哥特元素 104 爱与正义：《杀死一只知更鸟》主人公阿提克斯•芬奇形象解读 105 American Country Music 106 从功能对等角度看公示语的翻译
论象征在海明威《永别了，武器》中的应用 108 中西方婚俗文化及差异
功能对等理论下汉语新词英译研究 110 劳伦斯小说中的女性形象
中西跨文化交际中的礼貌问题之比较分析 112 从文化角度浅析中美两国幽默的特点 113 儿童英语游戏教学 114 中美两国家庭文化差异 115 写作教学中的范文教学
从《嘉莉妹妹》看本性与理性的斗争
性格、学习策略和英语学习成绩的关系研究 118 论英美文学作品中的人名寓意及翻译 119 课本剧在高中英语教学中的应用与研究 120 商务英语信函文体分析
On Sister Carrie’s Broken American Dream from the Perspective of Psychology 122 译者主体性观照下的中文菜名英译 123 激励小学生积极说英语的教学法
An Analysis of the Initiation Theme in The Child in Time 125 汉语习语中文化负载词的英译
从语言的角度分析《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的儿童形象 127 女性主义视角下《傲慢与偏见》的情态意义解读 128 论奥巴马就职演讲词的排比修辞 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）
论关联理论对旅游资料英译的指导意义 130 艾米丽·狄金森的诗歌主题分析 131 论《科利奥兰纳斯》的政治悲剧
Cultural Barriers in Communication between Chinese and Americans 133 An Analysis of Memoirs of a Geisha from the Perspective of Existentialist Feminism 134 英汉动物词汇文化内涵对比 135 《钗头凤》英译本的对比研究
文类、历史与受众心态——论小说《红字》的电影改编 137 《哈利波特》系列小说的浪漫主义情节分析
从生态和消费的角度解读《瓦尔登湖》中梭罗的思想 139 文体学视觉下的英语商务信函的礼貌表现 140 解读海明威小说《老人与海》中的生态意识 141 《紫颜色》对女性主义概念的延伸及新阐述 142 中英谚语的文化差异与翻译
Growing Pains—An Analysis of J.D.Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye as a Bildungsroman 144 暗夜中的精灵——论《寻欢作乐》中的罗西 145 美国C标准对中国英语教育的影响
解析威廉布莱克《老虎》中的修辞运用及其对英语写作的启示 147 《我弥留之际》中的荒诞性元素
Oscar Wilde’s Aestheticism on The Picture of Dorian Gray 149 论英语演讲开场的决定性因素和相关策略 150 中文商标英译研究
151 从爱伦·坡《黑猫》探讨人性的善良与邪恶 152
153 The Symbolic Meanings of Plant Terms in Chinese and English: Comparison and Translation 154 红色，英汉词汇差异的文化理据 155
156 奥巴马演讲词的人际意义研究
157 论王尔德在《道林格雷的画像》中的美学思想 158 解读《觉醒》中的个人主义
159 跨文化交际中的语用失误分析及策略研究 160 电影字幕汉译的归化与异化 161 《蝇王》中的象征
162 从民族文化心理差异角度看功能对等论在商标翻译中的运用 163 中西方创世神话文化的比较 164 《蝇王》中的人物原型研究
165 从顺应论的角度谈英文电影片名的汉译 166 中美家庭价值观差异浅析
167 文化差异视角下的英语称谓语的翻译策略 168 论礼貌原则在国际商务信函的应用
169 英语流行歌曲中隐喻的功能分析——以后街男孩的歌曲为例 170 分析《悲惨世界》中冉•阿让的人物形象 171 网络环境下英语专业学生学习策略研究
172 南方时代变迁中的胜利者与失败者——《飘》中主要角色的性格与命运对比 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）
173 Error Analysis on English Writing by Senior High School Students 174 《安尼尔的鬼魂》中“鬼魂”的象征意义探究
175 General Principles and Features of Legal English Translation 176 论《大卫科波菲尔》中人物个性与时代背景的关系 177 《通天铁路》中超验主义与清教思想救赎观冲突之探析 178 爱伦坡短篇小说中死亡主题解析 179 中美企业文化研究
180 对文化差异引起的误译的研究 181 《夜访吸血鬼》中的模糊性别观 182 中国纺织业出口现状和对策
183 伟大理想的毁灭——《远大前程》和《了不起的盖茨比》 184 论基督教教义对美国人慈善观的影响 185 论《丽塔海华丝和肖申克救赎》中的反讽 186 德伯家的苔丝中苔丝的悲剧成因分析 187 论美国垮掉的一代和中国后 188 目的论下英语广告仿拟格的汉译 189 初中英语教学中的角色扮演 190 目的论视角下公益广告的翻译
191 外贸函电写作中存在的误区及其对策 192 英汉恭维语及其应答对比研究 193 广告英语的特点及其翻译探索
194 从功能理论角度分析电影《点球成金》字幕翻译
195 《小妇人》与《傲慢与偏见》中女性爱情观对比研究 196 论《等待戈多》中的等待
197 The Difference between Chinese and American Family Education 198 做最好的自己—论斯佳丽形象对现代女性的教育意义 199 背诵在英语学习中的作用
200 《哈利波特》系列里哈利波特与伏地魔的二元对立分析
第二篇：浅析《诗经》中女性的爱情观（定稿）
乐山师范学院毕业论文（设计）
浅析《诗经》中女性的爱情观
【摘要】《诗经》中的爱情诗情感真挚、自然明快、热烈高雅、纯朴清新，反应了当时人们的内心情感世界、精神面貌及当时人对爱情的憧憬向往、追求甚至怨恨。以现代人的视角从不同角度理解当时女性的爱情观：女性的择偶标准、女性怎样看待爱情、女性对爱情的深刻反思，通过这些爱情观去感受时人怎样追求幸福美好的爱情，怎样面对爱情的悲欢离合。【关键词】 诗经 女性 爱情观
爱情是人类亘古不变的话题，从古至今，诞生了不少以爱情为主题的经典诗歌。《诗经》作为我国第一部诗歌总集，包含了众多经久不衰的爱情诗。这些诗歌情感真挚、自然明快、热烈高雅、纯朴清新，反应了当时人们的内心情感世界、精神面貌及当时人对爱情的憧憬向往、追求甚至怨恨。“《诗经》中的爱情诗不仅数量多，而且展示了完整爱情的过程，凡属恋爱婚姻生活里所有的忧喜得失，悲欢离合，都在这些诗里得到了生动的表现。在这里既有初恋时的甜美羞涩和抨然心动，也有热恋时的激情澎湃和海誓山盟，既有沉述于爱的忘乎所以和欢乐飞扬，又有爱无所爱的无可奈何和凄切哀伤；既有恋爱过程的现实场景和具象细节，又有对爱憾真谛的精神叩问„„”[1](p1)，“莎士比亚曾说：‘爱情不是花荫下的甜言，不是桃花源中的蜜语，不是轻绵的眼泪，更不是死硬的强迫，爱情是建立在共同语言的基础上的’，爱情是人类特有的情感，是人类精神世界不竭的动力之一”[2]，《诗经》中的女性怎样看待爱情，怎样面对爱情，她们的爱情观究竟如何，下面将从现代人的视角品读《诗经》中的爱情诗，走进女性的内心世界，可以体会当时女性所具有的爱情观。
一、强调外在美与内在美的择偶标准
“诗经时代的爱情,尽管处处昭显着远古时代的古朴痕迹,但它早已不再是人类童年时期的纯生理本能的需求了,在他们追求异性的过程中,已经有了明确的择偶标准,他们表达着自己内心真实、高尚、纯洁的情感,这种情感是健康的、质朴的,也是动人的、严肃的”[3]，所以爱情有了一见钟情、日久生情，《诗经》中的女子一见便倾心的到底是什么样的男子，为什么这样的男子就能获
乐山师范学院毕业论文（设计）
取芳心。虽然诗经中的女子没有直接表达自己要选择什么样的对象，但仔细品读《诗经》中有关女性的爱情诗，不仅可以透视她们内心对爱情的憧憬，对爱情的渴盼，还可以了解当时女子的择偶标准，了解她们对爱情的认识。
（一）金玉其外
人们都说爱美之心人皆有之，女人不仅希望自己漂亮，同时把这个漂亮泛化，转移到自己的伴侣身上，她们希望自己的伴侣也能有漂亮的容貌。西方女人把理想的情人称为白马王子，王子难免是玉树临风、潇洒浪漫、气宇轩昂的。而东方人眼中的美男子到底什么样子，且看《红楼梦》中的宝玉，他“面若中秋之月，色如春晓之花，鬓若刀裁，眉如墨画，面如桃瓣，目若秋波。”[4](p14)当然，宝玉只能代表部分女子心中的美男子形象。而在诗经中，女人心仪的 “美”男子或身材高大魁梧、或铜筋铁骨、或英俊潇洒、或仪表堂堂、或美如冠玉、或容光焕发、或衣冠楚楚、或健步如飞„„，如《国风﹒邶风﹒简兮》：
简兮简兮，方将《万舞》。日之方中，在前上处。硕人俣俣，公庭《万舞》。有力如虎，执辔如组。左手执龠，右手秉翟。赫如渥赭，公 言锡爵。山有榛，隰有苓。云谁之思？西方美人。彼美人兮，西方之人兮。[5](p34)
这个在公庭上演《万舞》的男子之所以让她心花怒放，那魁梧高大的身材、有力如虎的臂膀、如染色的脸庞在女子心中烙下深深的印记。他的形象正好符合女子心中对男子的审美要求：“有美一人，硕大且卷。„„有美一人，硕大且俨”[5](p119)、“不如叔也，洵美且武”[5](p67)、“彼其之子，美如英。美如英，殊异乎公行”[5](p89)
、“彼其之子，美无度。美无度，殊异乎公路”
[5](p89)、“彼其之子，美如玉。美如玉，殊异乎公族”[5](p89)。这样的男子也是中国传统的美男子形象，她的心完全被他占据，原来他就是自己期盼已久的梦中的爱人，“有美一人，伤如之何！”[5](p119)。女子既对他有仰慕之思，对他的美赞叹不已，也对他产生了浓浓的爱意，可以说爱情是随着对美的不断追求而产生的。在这过程中，女子爱情择偶观也不断的展现出来：“高大健壮，英俊勇武是 2
乐山师范学院毕业论文（设计）
时人爱情观中的美学取向”[6](p117)。
(二)美絮其中
美貌当然只是女子择偶标准之一，“金玉其外，败絮其中”并不是她们想要的结果。中国人对什么事情都喜欢有个圆满结局，尤其对爱情，更希望男才女貌，终成眷属。从古至今，没有哪位女子不喜欢君子，有关君子的解说也举不胜举。就《关雎》中的君子而言，“当指那些品德纯正、有一定的学识的男子”[3]。总之《诗经》中的女子欣赏的他或技艺超群、或幽默风趣、或才华横溢、或情深意重、或德行显赫、或胸怀博大......，他就是品德兼修的化身，如《国风﹒卫风﹒淇奥》：
瞻彼淇奥，绿竹猗猗。有匪君子，如切如磋，如琢如磨。瑟兮僴兮，赫兮咺兮，有匪君子，终不可谖兮！瞻彼淇奥，绿竹青青。有匪君子，充耳琇莹，会弁如星。瑟兮僴兮，赫兮咺兮，有匪君子，终不可谖兮！瞻彼淇奥，绿竹如箦。有匪君子，如金如锡，如圭如璧。宽兮绰兮，猗重较兮，善戏谑兮，不为虐兮！[5](p49)
用“绿竹”起兴，因为竹是四君子之一，暗含文采奕奕的他如竹有高洁的品质。内秀是当时女子对男子的要求：“如切如磋，如琢如磨”[5](p49)，光彩照人，精神勇武，德行显赫，美名远播；他“如金如锡，如圭如璧”[5](p49)，不仅心胸宽大，举止风雅，还具有“善戏谑兮，不为虐兮！”[5](p49)的浪漫风度，女子羡慕赞叹他的美名德行，高贵品格，如是“终不可谖兮”[5](p49)，他的优秀德行将女子的心牢牢抓住。她是完美主义，爱情的产生不是随意的，而是刻意的，刻意地要达到她的审美要求，符合她的眼光：“叔善射忌，又良御忌。抑磬控忌，抑纵送忌”[5](p68)、“洵美且仁......洵美且好......洵美且武”
[5](p67)、“美且鬈......美且偲”[5](p86)。“高大健壮，英俊勇武是时人爱情观中的美学取向”[6](p117)，除此之外，女子也看重男子的德行品格。爱美之心人皆有之，女子追求的是爱情中的完美对象，可见对美好爱情的期许。
乐山师范学院毕业论文（设计）
二、《诗经》中的女性怎样看待爱情
古今中外，人们对爱情的追求都彰显着自己对爱情的个性理解，如刘兰芝与焦仲卿、罗密欧与朱丽叶的生死相随，杨振宁与翁帆的忘年相依。《诗经》中的女人在特定的历史条件下同样有着自己对爱情的独特认识与追求。
（一）爱情应是心有灵犀，两情相悦
李商隐在《无题》中道“身无彩凤双飞翼，心有灵犀一点通”
[7]（p220），爱情应是你我相识相知，相互理解，相敬如宾，相亲相爱，没有强迫，没有钳制，“为了坚守自己的爱情，她们能够向父母反抗，向礼教挑衅”[8]，自愿已经成为女子追求幸福的前提，所以《诗经》中的女子面对强迫的婚姻表现得如此强烈：誓死不从，追求情投意合。如《国风﹒召南﹒行露》：
厌浥行露，岂不夙夜？谓行多露。谁谓雀无角？何以穿我屋？谁谓女无家？何以速我狱？虽速我狱，室家不足！谁谓鼠无牙？何以穿我墉？谁谓女无家？何以速我讼？虽速我讼，亦不女从！[5](p15)
这首诗并没从正面对女子的爱情观进行说明，但从“谁谓女无家？何以速我讼？虽速我讼，亦不女从！”[5](p15)的字里行间，可以读到她对古代强买强卖婚姻的痛恨和控诉，从侧面证明她对以自由、自愿为前提的爱情观的追求，表明她奉行两情相悦的爱情理想。再如《郑风﹒溱洧》：
溱与洧，方涣涣兮。士与女，方秉蕳兮。女曰观乎？士曰既且，且往观乎？洧之外，洵訏且乐。维士与女，伊其相谑，赠之以勺药。溱与洧，浏其清矣。士与女，殷其盈兮。女曰观乎？士曰既且，且往观乎？洧之外，洵訏且乐。维士与女，伊其将谑，赠之以勺药。[5](p80)
诗中小伙和姑娘相约在溱洧河边，互相赠送香草鲜花作为定情信物，“洧之外，洵且乐。维士与女，伊其将谑”,他们在笑谈声中表达对彼此的爱慕之意。
乐山师范学院毕业论文（设计）
[9]这样的盛会“相当真实地反映了当时劳动青年之间比较自由古朴的恋爱生活”，同时将女子的爱情理想展现得淋漓尽致。王国维在《人间词话》中谈到成大事业、大学问的人必经过三境界，诗经中的爱情同样也有境界，柳永的《蝶恋花》“衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴”就可以解释《诗经》中爱情的境界。女子对自由美好爱情的追求是其境界之一。那么为两情相悦的爱情义无反顾地付出是其境界之二。如《召南﹒野有死麇》：
野有死麇，白茅包之。有女怀春，吉士诱之。林有朴樕，野有死鹿。白茅纯束，有女如玉。舒而脱脱兮！无感我帨兮！无使尨也吠！[5](p15)
诗中男子借用獐子、野鹿向她表白，不是女子经不住诱惑，而是爱上了这位会捕猎的男子。女子追求的是两心相通，崇尚恋爱自由。一旦爱上便全身心地投入，在古代甚至现代社会都很看重女子的贞洁，但是她却能做到无视礼教而真实地展现自己，“让人感到欢愉并无猥亵之感”[5](p21)。宋书功认为《王风﹒丘中有麻》是 “一首非常露骨的性爱诗”[6](p68)，《郑风﹒野有蔓草》是一首“男女野合的恋歌”[6](p90)但这样的女子丝毫没有得到任何谴责，这里没有贞洁理论，只有她对爱情的无怨无悔。这就是女子对爱情境界的诠释。
（二）爱情态度———花开堪折直须折，莫待无花空折枝
泰戈尔说过，“世界上最遥远的距离不是生与死，而是我站在你面前你却不知道我爱你”。爱情不是默默地等待，也不是深深埋藏于心让对方不知而独自承受相思之苦，而是自己勇敢地上前表露心声。诗经中的女子不想对人生有任何遗憾，所以面对爱情，她们大胆、果断、热烈地去追求。不管后果怎样，至少自己应该不错过任何表达的机会，为自己绚烂的生命赌一把，如《大雅﹒隰桑》：
隰桑有阿，其叶有难，既见君子，其乐如何？隰桑有阿，其叶有沃，既见君子，云何不乐？隰桑有阿，其叶有幽，既见君子，德音孔胶。心乎爱矣，遐不谓矣，中心藏之，何日忘之！[5](p205)
乐山师范学院毕业论文（设计）
在这首诗中我们看到的是一位直爽的少女对爱情的直白：“心乎爱矣，遐不谓矣”[5](p205)。她没有受到传统礼教的束缚，而是将自己的感情一一阐述，用三个“既见君子”，两个“乐”表达对君子的浓浓心意，最后将内心真实的情感展现给世人：我深深地爱上了你，不能忘记,既然爱你，何不大胆地说出来。她不仅要让男子知道，也在向整个世界宣告。她“对爱情的追求率真、质朴、热烈”[10]再如《郑风﹒褰裳》：
子惠思我，褰裳涉溱。子不我思，岂无他人？狂童之狂也且！子惠思我，褰裳涉洧。子不我思，岂无他士？狂童之狂也且！[5](p74)
她坦率直白地宣称“子不我思，岂无他人”[5](p74)，如果你想我念我，就该涉过洧河与我相见，如果你不把我想，“岂无他士”[5](p74)，女子反复反问显露出一种娇嗔的状态，其实已经将对男子的爱大胆而又含蓄地表达出来。“《诗经》中的女子们对待爱情整体上显得自由而奔放，大胆而活泼。她们对待爱情展示的是真实的自我，张显着自由个性。她们敢爱敢恨，有着自己独特的审美心理和价值判断、价值取向。[8] 爱情不是独自承受，而是越过一切担心焦虑将真心送给所爱的人。不仅要向情人袒露，也要向情人证明，也正如我们常说的那句话—心动不如行动。如《唐风﹒有枤之杜》：
有杕之杜，生于道左。彼君子兮，噬肯适我？中心好之，曷饮食之？有杕之杜，生于道周。彼君子兮，噬肯来游？中心好之，曷饮食之？[5](p74)
女子不确定爱人的情感，心中充满疑问，徘徊之后，下定决心：“与其这样没结果的猜测还不如做出行动”[5](p74)，邀他相会把美酒拿给他喝，把好吃的东西给他品尝。爱情没有迟疑，当它降临于你，就该紧紧握住那风筝的线，不让它坠落。如《齐风﹒东方之日》：
乐山师范学院毕业论文（设计）
东方之日兮，彼姝者子，在我室兮。在我室兮，履我即兮。东方之月兮，彼姝者子，在我闼兮。在我闼兮，履我发兮。[5](83)
女子的爱情就是天上的风筝，一旦翱翔于空就得把握好风筝的线。珍惜每一个机会，随着风飞舞。所以她大胆主动地与情人幽会，主动追求自己的幸福。正如杜秋娘的《金缕衣》：“劝君莫惜金缕衣，劝君惜取少年时。花开堪折直须折，莫待无花空折枝。”
（三）爱情境界———在天愿作比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝
元好问《雁邱词》开篇提问“问世间情为何物，直教生死相许”[11]（p382），爱情究竟是什么，古往今来，众说纷纭。汉乐府民歌《上邪》中说“上邪！我欲与君相知，长命无绝衰。山无陵，江水为竭，冬雷震震，夏雨雪，天地合，乃敢与君绝！”，也许爱情是一种永恒。《诗经》中的女子对此也有自己的认识：海可枯，石可烂，天可崩，地可裂，我们的情永不移，生死相依。如《邶风﹒北风》：
北风其凉，雨雪其雱。惠而好我，携手同行。其虚其邪？既亟只且！北风其喈，雨雪其霏。惠而好我，携手同归。其虚其邪？既亟只且！莫赤匪狐，莫黑匪乌。惠而好我，携手同车。其虚其邪？既亟只且！[5](p36)
凛冽的北风呼呼地吹，雨雪纷纷地下，环境如此严酷，即使面对这样恶劣的天气，只要有你对我的信任和喜欢，只要有你对我的爱，我就可以战胜一切严寒，跟你到天涯海角，比翼双飞。爱情应是“携手同行......携手同归......携手同车”
[5](p36)，为爱的人奋不顾身，共同战胜一切苦难，追求风雨同舟共呼吸同命运的精神境界。再如《王风﹒大车》：
大车槛槛，毳衣如菼。岂不尔思？畏子不敢。大车啍啍，毳衣如瞒。岂不尔思？畏子不奔。谷则异室，死则同穴。谓予不信，有如皎日。[5](p64)
乐山师范学院毕业论文（设计）
女子向心仪的对象诉说衷肠，“岂不尔思，畏子不敢”[5](p64)“岂不尔思？畏子不奔”[4](p64),她可以抛弃一切为男子甘心付出，“谓予不信，犹如皦日”[5](p64)她是韧如丝的芦苇，立下誓言：即使生不能结为连理，但死也要同葬墓穴，正如“冬之夜，夏之日。百岁之后，归于其室”[5](p102)，对爱情的忠贞始终坚定不移如磐石。
翻开《诗经》中的誓言篇，不禁为这些女子惊叹，同时也被她们对爱情的执着深深折服。一旦立下誓言就没有任何外界事物能动摇女子的意念决心。爱情在无形之中支撑着她们的整个生命甚至死后的灵魂。
三、《诗经》中的女性对爱情的深刻反思
《诗经》中的女性面对爱情经历过羞涩而含蓄地渴望、大胆而热烈地追求阶段，她们身临其境地感受过爱情的神韵，不断地体会爱情中的酸甜苦辣，从而对爱情有了更深入的理解反思。
（一）爱情必需经历思念的煎熬
秦观的《鹊桥仙》道：“两情若是久长时，又岂在朝朝暮暮”[12](p139)，虽然不能朝暮相见、朝暮相伴、朝暮相守，但对你的思念不会改变，随着太阳东升，伴着月亮西起。长久的感情应是你在外，我持家，和和睦睦；你出门，我默默地等候，将对你的情化作相思泪，如《周南﹒卷耳》：
采采卷耳，不盈顷筐。嗟我怀人，寘彼周行。陟彼崔嵬，我马虺。我姑酌彼金罍，维以不永怀。陟彼高冈，我马玄黄。我姑酌彼兕觥，维以不永伤。陟彼砠矣，我马瘏矣。我仆痡矣，云何吁矣！[5](p102)
诗中的女人因思念丈夫而无心采摘，她把对丈夫的爱全寄托在无限的遐想中，担心他在路途上的艰难与困顿，“云何吁矣”。那浅筐怎么也装不满，因为心思全在他身上，不在采摘之上，相思也就越陷越深。《诗经》中的女人常常喜欢正话反说，明明思念之情很深，但她却不断告诫自己“无思远人，劳心忉忉”“无
乐山师范学院毕业论文（设计）
思远人，劳心怛怛”[5](p85)与“愿言思伯，甘心疾首......愿言思伯，使我心痗”[5](p55)达到异曲同工之妙，显示出女人对丈夫的思念之浓也。既然思念不得，只能为你祈祷同时打理好一切，不让你担忧。如《王风﹒君子于役》：
君子于役，不知其期。曷至哉？鸡栖于埘，日之夕矣，羊牛下来。君子于役，如之何勿思！君子于役，不日不月。曷其有佸？鸡栖于桀，日之夕矣，羊牛下括。君子于役，苟无饥渴！[5](p59)
“别后的日子一天天过去了。她想他却不像别的女人，想得首如飞蓬，一把鼻涕一把泪的。她不，她把想放在心里，照样笑迎日出笑送日落，该做的活计，一样不落下，养鸡养羊养牛，也种庄稼，她手脚麻利着呢。”[13](p121 p122)这首诗中的女人把思念化作每天劳作的力量，化作持好家的信心，把一切料理得有条不紊，为的是不让他担心分神，等待他的顺利归来。
但“在劳碌的间隙，她会走一走神，想想他。她的数字概念可能很模糊，掰着手指头也不能把别后的日子算准，她只知道他走了很长很长时间了，不日不月。什么时候才能见面呢？”[13](p122)她对他的思念就不用再提了，“君子于役，苟无饥渴”[5](p59)才是她最在乎的。望着夕阳，将思念化作对你的祈祷，愿上天保佑你安康。情长久，念无限，心无悔，这就是《诗经》中女子的爱情观。
（二）爱情无法越过界限
“《诗经》里的爱情，简单却执着。对爱情、婚姻的忠贞和专一，是上古时代青年男女最重要的观念。”[14]她们可以为爱人奋不顾身，可以上刀山可以下火海甚至是生命：“谷则异室，死则同穴”[5](p64)“聊与子同归兮”[5](p121)“聊与子如一兮”[5](p121)。但现实中她们不敢逾越鸿沟，“在当时，随着私有财产的形成和父系社会的确立，男女青年的婚姻缔结已经开始受到了‘父母之命，媒妁之言’的制约。这表明，告父母，经媒人，已经逐渐成为当时婚姻缔结的必要程序。可见，那时礼教对男女之情已经逐渐地有所限制了。而具体到女性而言，受到的束缚更多，既不愿舍弃情郎，又不敢违抗父母的命令”[9]如《周南﹒汝坟》：
乐山师范学院毕业论文（设计）
遵彼汝坟，伐其条枚。未见君子，惄如调饥。遵彼汝坟，伐其条肄。既见君子，不我遐弃。鲂鱼赪尾，王室如燬。虽则如燬，父母孔逊。[5](p10)
[5](p10)女子在一个庙会上剪不断对爱人的思念之情，但“未见君子，惄如调饥”的焦急与“虽则如燬，父母孔逊”[5](p10)的警戒形成重重矛盾，她不敢跨越的不仅仅是父母的干涉阻碍，而是当时的礼教，有谁能摆脱礼教的桎梏。《孔雀东南飞》里的刘兰芝与焦仲卿的爱情日月可鉴，天地可证，但谁也不敢越雷池一步，最后以死来守护他们的爱。死只是让他们超越现实，但真正束缚男女自由恋爱的绳索没有被剪断，它将继续毒害一带又一代年轻男女。爱情染上了世俗偏见，变得不再那么纯真。虽然他们能大胆袒露心声，但爱情终究无法跨越鸿沟。
（三）爱情有不幸的结局
“虽然周礼倡导的是‘夫妇有义’的夫妻生活，然而，随着社会的发展，以男子为中心的夫权的形成，使妇女的命运受到了极大的威胁。因此，《诗经》中的婚恋诗很多都反映了女子遭弃这一现象。”[15] 曾经的山盟海誓，生死相随只不过是他曾经的甜言蜜语，甚至可以说只是女子单方面对爱情的忠贞。他们的爱情千回百转终成连理，但在茶米油盐的平淡日子里，他忘了他们之间的约定，一切都随淡淡的岁月消逝。爱情没有不移，不移的只有她的心。天长地久的誓言就是那水中月，镜中花，美好而不得，女子最终逃不过被遗弃的命运。如《邶风．谷风》：
习习谷风，以阴以雨。黾勉同心，不宜有怒。采葑采菲，无以下体。德音莫违，及尔同死。行道迟迟，中心有违。不远伊迩，薄送我畿。谁谓荼苦，其甘如荠。宴尔新昏，如兄如弟。泾以渭浊，湜湜其沚。宴尔新昏，不我屑矣。毋逝我梁，毋发我笱。我躬不阅，遑恤我后！就其深矣，方之舟之。就其浅矣，泳之游之。何有何亡，黾勉求之。凡民有丧，匍匐求之。不我能慉，反以我为雠，既阻我德，贾用不售。昔育恐育鞫，及尔颠覆。既生既育，比予于毒。我有旨蓄，亦以御冬。宴尔新昏，以我御穷。有洸有溃，既诒我肄。不念昔者，伊余来塈。[5](p31)
乐山师范学院毕业论文（设计）
女子虽然和丈夫同甘共苦，最终被无情地抛弃，只能唱着令人同情的悲歌。女子的爱情命运让人感受到她在爱情中的地位是低下的，虽然她们能勇敢追求，但一旦坠入男权社会的情网只会让她尝尽遗弃的痛苦，“有洸有溃，既诒我肄。不念昔者，伊余来塈”[5](p31)，情到终点只有无尽的哀伤痛楚，面对男子的无情与决绝，她也只能控诉：“有女仳离，嘅其叹矣。嘅其叹矣，遇人之艰难矣！”[5](p31)。其实《卫风﹒氓》中的女人有着更令人痛彻心扉的经历，甚至更让人叹惋愤恨。她和男子自由主动地追求爱情，她的丈夫曾经对她痴情着迷，而今却把她抛弃让她走投无路。“信誓旦旦，不思其反。反是不思，亦已焉哉！”[5](p52)，什么天长地久你我相依到老只不过是戏言罢了，女子的决绝也是被逼无奈的呼喊：天长地久也有尽头的时候，爱情誓言终会消逝，爱情终究逃不过不幸二字的纠缠。女子的美好爱情到此成为永久的遗憾。
古人的爱情美好也苦涩，一方面她们能按照心中的期盼怀着美好的憧憬与向往大胆热烈地追求；一方面她们无力解开爱情的枷锁，无奈地等候着苦涩的爱情；相爱时能无悔付出，失恋时能果敢控诉，她们给现代人开了怎样表达、怎样追求爱情的先河，给现代人留下永久的执着印象。让现代人在物质世界能重视自己的情感，让真爱也存在于物欲横流的社会。
【参考文献】
[1] 周云芳.不得不爱读诗经[M].北京：中国档案出版社，2006.[2]丁璐．浅谈女大学生的爱情观[J]．南充，西部教育发展研究，2009年第4期 [3]李瑞玲．浅论《诗经》时代的择偶标准[J]．北京：科技资讯，2009年第1期 [4]曹雪芹．《红楼梦》[M]．西安：三秦出版社，2006.[5]傅璇琮、李克.《诗经》[M].沈阳:万卷出版公司，2009.[6]宋书功.诗经情诗正解[M].海口：海南出版社，2007.[7]丁子予.中国历代诗词名句鉴赏大辞典[M].北京：中国华侨出版社，2009.[8]姚婷．《诗经》中女性内心的激昂之声[J]．合肥：安徽文学，2010年第2期
[9] 车雅琴.《诗经》爱情诗所表现的爱情观[J].合肥：安徽文学（评论研究），2008年第9期
[10]刘晓丹.从《诗经》看先秦时期女性的爱情婚姻观[J].沈阳：兰台世界，2009年第17期
[11]傅德岷、卢晋．中华诗词名句鉴赏辞典[M].武汉：湖北辞书出版社，2005.[12]傅德岷、卢晋．宋词鉴赏辞典[M].武汉：湖北辞书出版社，2005.乐山师范学院毕业论文（设计）
[13]丁立梅.诗经里的那些情事[M].北京：金城出版社，2009.[14]郭洪泷.《诗经》情诗浅析[J].北京：资治文摘(管理版), 2009年第4期
[15]高媛媛．试论《诗经》中的婚恋诗[J]．合肥：安徽文学（下半月），2009年第7期
Analyses the Book of Songs of Women in
Love
Yang Ling Literature and News Department Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language 07302001
【abstract】The book of songs of love poem are emotional sincerity，natural and lively, warm and elegant, simple and pure and fresh, they reaction to the people's inner feelings, mental outlook and the longing for love and the pursuit even resentment of love at that time.Understanding women's love view from different angles by today's perspective:their vision of mate selection and how do them view love and their profound introspection of love, then feeling how people pursue the happiness love and how people face the love of joys and sorrows in that time.【key words】The book of songs
femininity vision of love
再改估计你也改不出来了，完稿吧。提纲、开题报告我也看了，就那样可以。
第三篇：简爱与现代爱情观对比
一、叛逆与追求 简·爱和孙柔嘉她们都以大胆叛逆精神勇敢地冲破封建禁锢，大胆地追求真爱，寻找自己的幸福。
1、简·爱勇敢地冲破封建（传统观念）的禁锢，大胆追求真爱。简·爱是一个敢于向男权社会传统观念挑战的女性，被女性主义者奉为反映被压迫处于社会边缘生存状态的女性反抗男权社会，追求婚姻自由、平等地位的经典人物。
二、自然层面，从女性自身特点研究女性自我；
三、以男性为参照，了解女性在精神文化方面的独特处境。
2、孙柔嘉冲破世俗，大胆追求自己的爱情。这种既柔又嘉、却暗自阴柔而且柔能克刚的人，就像一个甜蜜的圈套，却掌控着自己的婚姻、生活和命运，也掌控着方鸿渐的婚姻、生活和命运。
四、迥异的归宿 虽然简·爱与孙柔嘉都是勇敢地冲破封建禁锢，大胆地追求真爱，开始走的道路是相似的，但是她们寻求真爱的结局却是截然相反的：简·爱守住了爱情，最终得到了幸福，而孙柔嘉却是由幸福走进了无尽的痛苦之中。
2、简·爱和孙柔嘉的性格不同也造成了她们爱情结局的不同。简·爱是一个全方位寻求独立、平等、自尊的女性。
3、简·爱与孙柔嘉反封建的角度也是不同的。
简·爱主要是反对男权主义，孙柔嘉主要是反对封建家庭的束缚。简·爱与孙柔嘉反抗的本质也是不同的。简·爱是发自内心自觉的反抗，而孙柔嘉是被迫的反抗。简·爱的反抗心里是与生俱来的，年幼的简·爱就和她的表哥约翰发生了冲突，骄横残暴的约翰把表妹简· 简·爱独立自主的爱情观
简·爱的思想发展是这部小说的中心。从一开始，简就有一种很强的自我意识——追求价值和尊严，勇敢地追求自由平等和独立自主。在罗切斯特的面前，她从不因为自己是一个地位卑微的家庭教师而感到自卑，她认为他们是平等的。她的正直、高尚、纯洁，她的心灵没有受到世俗社会的污染，所以罗切斯特为之震撼，把她看成一个可以和自己在精神上平等交谈的人。简的独立性在整部小说的情节发展中不断地得到了验证。
尽管罗切斯特的表白和求婚让简感到非常高兴，但也不免忧虑和担心。因为她一直渴望自由自在的生活，婚姻就意味着束缚和屈服，意味着她要对他负责、受他的控制。当罗切斯特挥金如土，为她添购丝绸、珠宝的时候，她变得更加敏 感，觉得自己就像是一个被苏丹宠爱的奴隶。
离开桑菲尔德是简作出的最大的决定。从罗切斯特那里，她找到了渴望已久的爱情，桑菲尔德是她第一个真正的家，离开了它仿佛就是离开了自己。但是，作为罗切斯特的情妇跟他生活在一起，却又意味着自我妥协，那是她最不想要的。甚至在知道伯莎的存在以前，她就觉得嫁给罗切斯特是一种冒险，他们压根儿就不会平等，她害怕罗切斯特把她当玩物一样对待，更要命的是，嫁给一个地位比 她高的人，让她有负债感。
在桑菲尔德遭遇大火之后，简和罗切斯特重归于好，找到了幸福的归宿。离开了桑菲尔德以后，简在莫尔顿过着简朴的生活，给一群穷孩子们做老师。她在经济上是独立的，并且担当了一个重要的角色。
二、罗切斯特感性至上的爱情观
罗切斯特出身于名门望族，因为不是长子，没有财产继承权。他的父亲“既想使自己的家产不至于分散，又想让他也有财产以保持家族的声望”，和他哥哥一起帮他找了个对象，也就是后来发了疯的伯莎·梅森，在他“还不知道是怎么回事时就和她结婚了”。婚后短暂的婚姻生活让罗切斯特彻底看清了伯莎的性格品质，使他意识到“自己从来没爱过她，从来没敬重过她，甚至从来没有了解过她”。
三、圣约翰理性至上的爱情观
与罗切斯特的感性至上的爱情观形成鲜明对比的是圣约翰理性至上的爱情观。在圣约翰身上，理智战胜情感，为主工作的精神压制了人类的正常感情，甚至可以拿圣洁的爱情来为之殉道。第二个体现就是圣约翰对伴侣的选择。他承认自己“发疯似地爱着罗莎蒙德·奥利弗”，可是同时“却冷静而清醒地意识到，她不会成为他的好妻子，她不是那种适合于他的伴侣”。对他来说，结婚不过是手段，是实现自己传教理想的工具。在日常的相处中，圣约翰看到了简·爱身上的“温顺、勤奋、无私、忠实、坚贞、勇敢，非常文雅，又颇具英雄气概”等品质。夏洛蒂通过刻画这样一个独立自主的文学形象，并注入一些自己的亲身经历以及宗教观念，既表达了她对男性压迫者的强烈抗议，又表达了她追求独立自主、自由平等的女权主义思想。简·爱作为一个以“独立自主”而著称的文学形象，吸引并激励着越来越多的女性去效仿.一）研究的现状综述 简·爱已成为唯美爱情的一个典型，是世界文学研究领域方面一个引人注目的方面。
（二）研究的理论价值 夏洛蒂·勃朗特是英国文学史上第一个表现女性追求独立、自由主题的人，她的作品被视为“现代女性小说”的楷模。她的代表作《简·爱》塑造了一个出身寒微，长相平庸的、矮小的简爱，但她却是一个有着强烈自尊个性魅力的女性，她的魅力在于个性的力量，她善于思考，捍卫人格独立，敢于表达自己的爱憎。简·爱用自尊、自爱与自强的内在美好人性唤醒了另一颗懂得珍惜女性的心灵，简·爱的出现标志着欧洲文学史上新女性的诞生。简·爱这一形象一直被人们视为不甘屈辱、追求平等、为维护女性的人格尊严而勇于抗争的精神典范，她虽然矮小，贫寒，长得又不美，但却直爽，单纯，倔强，自尊自立，敢于追求真正意义上的爱情。这种性格特征不知吸引了多少人，打动了了多少读者的心。许多女权主义者都以简爱为模范榜样。
（三）研究的现实意义 而今社会中的“快餐爱情”，越来越让人们瞠目结舌。爱情在本质上没有贵贱之分,也没有贫富之差，更没有地域之别。可在现实生活中自古以来就存在着“门当户对”、“砖门对砖门、土门对土门”的不良习俗，爱情在金钱与权势面前出现的悲剧司空见惯。
（一）情感角度，比如许艺萍《简·爱和现代女性爱情观比较》、孙伟民《自卑情结造就了简爱鲜明的人格魅力——解析<简·爱>》等等，这些作品大体上是从爱情、亲情上分析的。
（二）人物形象角度，谭蒙革《简.爱女性形象分析》、胡晴《论<简爱>的女性意识》等等，主要是从简.爱和现代女性的角度来写的。
（三）生命意识形态角度，胡晴《论<简·爱>的女性意识》、李红萍《论简爱独立人格形象的塑造》等等，都是从简.爱坚强的生命意识方面的问题。
（四）创作意识角度，黄兴军《<简·爱>中的永恒魅力 ——解析小说<简·爱>中女性反抗性格的形成》，是从简·爱的思想意识方面写的。
三、我的研究角度、研究的主要内容及创新之处：
（一）研究角度：从爱情的角度，对简·爱与现代女性进行比较、归纳总结。
（二）研究的主要内容：主要研究的是简·爱与现代女性的爱情，这里主要针对的是夏洛蒂《简·爱》中的唯美爱情的存在意义。论文要表现出的比较主要从这两大方面来进行描述：一方面是时代的对比，简.爱与现代女性她们生活在不同的时代。另一方面是归纳她们各自对爱情的执着与自私。通过这两大方面整体架构这篇论文，使得全文条理清楚，目的明确，使自己加深对简.爱爱情精髓的理解，同时从深层次上感受唯美爱情的真谛，使自己浮躁的心灵得到一次深刻的洗礼。
（三）创新之处：打破对简.爱爱情原来的认识，以具体的作品为文本，在简.爱的性格特征、人物形象、爱情观等问题上以新的理论为依据，与当今社会中的“快餐爱情”进行比较，对简.爱的爱情进行新的认识。
第四篇：论文 分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观
中
南
大 学
高等教育自学考试本科生毕业论文
论文题目: Views on love and marriage in “Pride and Prejudice”
分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观
学生姓名：罗
考籍号：910108300488 年级专业：2007级英语 指导老师及职称：汤春华 学 院：中南大学科培中心
湖南·长沙 提交日期：2010年4月
Contents
Abstract...............................................................................................................................................1 Keywords............................................................................................................................................1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................3
1、Jane Austen and the Background of Pride and Prejudice............................................3 1.1 Jane Austen................................................................................................................3 1.2 The Background of Pride and Prejudice......................................................................4
2、Four Marriages and Ideals on Love and Marriage Shown in Pride and Prejudice......5 2.1 Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice........................................................................5 2.1.1 Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage.............................................................................5 2.1.2 Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage...............................................................................7 2.1.3 Jane and Mr.Bingley’s Marriage.............................................................................7 2.1.4 Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage...............................................................................8 3.Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage............................................................12
4、Conclusion.................................................................................................................................14 References.......................................................................................................................16 Acknowledgements.........................................................................................................19
Abstract “Pride and Prejudice” is Austen's masterpiece which described four different marriages and love.Until today, this novel is still very popular among many readers and arouses people's observation and unlimited thinking of marriage.This paper aims to probe into the views on love and marriage in ―Pride and Prejudice‖.That is: love and marriage are associated with, but not totally lie on the property and social status.The marriage which is based on the love, mutual understanding and mutual respect is a true happy marriage.Austen not only opposes marriage for money, but also is against the hasty marriage.She attaches great importance to ideal marriage and regards the feelings between men and women as the cornerstone of the ideal marriage.Keywords ―Pride and Prejudice‖;viewpoint of love;viewpoint of marriage;
摘 要
《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯汀的代表作，小说以讽刺为基调描写了四种不同形态的婚姻观和爱情观，时至今日，这部小说仍然吸引着众多读者，引发了人们对婚姻的观察和无限思考。本文就是通过对这四段婚姻的详细的分析，来探讨《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观。笔者认为：爱情婚姻与财产和社会地位相互关联，但绝不能仅取于它，以爱情、相互理解及相互尊重为基础的婚姻才是幸福的婚姻。奥斯汀既反对为金钱而结婚，也反对草率结婚。她强调理想婚姻的重要性，并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。
关键词
《傲慢与偏见》；爱情观；婚姻观;
Introduction
Jane Austen humorously described the marriage in the “Pride and Prejudice” and a series of marriage-related activities in a relaxed manner.The novel consisted of how man picking their wives, how the young women choosing their future husbands and how their mothers selecting their son-in-low in many wonderful scenes.By studying the marital relationship, the authors strive to portray several different marriage and love relations.Although they had got married, the happiness of marriage is differs.This was because Austen's novels the marriage was involving not only the feelings, but also social status and money.“The bachelor who own property must marry a wife, it has become a universally recognized truth.” [6], But that really is a truth? In this paper, the novel's four marriages vividly reflected the British town life and the world state of human of 18 century to the early 19th century in a conservative and isolated state.1.Jane Austen and the Background of Pride and Prejudice
1.1.Jane Austen Jane Austen(1775 – 1817，)was one of the most outstanding writer who described the middle-class in the south of England with realism.From a unique female perspective, she left six immortal works.Her works were full of rich comedy conflicts in humorous and satirical style, so they were regarded as “the art of simplicity”.In Jane Austen's works, the content was not very wide and all were related to the life of a few middle-class families.The theme was about love and marriage between men and women.In the “Simple” works of Jane Austen, they showed us, truly and accurately, the social life and interrelationship and described the social state, marriage as well as political and economic relations between middle-class women at that time.And she expressed her views on marriage, directly or indirectly, by analyzing these phenomena.She believed that marriage just for money was wrong, but marriage of no money was stupid.She also frankly disclosed the inseparable relationship between marriages, property and family status.In her novel, as long as a woman who was intelligent, decent, 3
educated, and patient could overcome social barriers, she would receive the ideal happy marriage.Austen was born in a middle-class family of a small village in England, so the people and things in her works were all connected with this environment which was very familiar to her.It is difficult for readers to find the sufferings of those working people who lived at the bottom of the society at that time.At the same time, the important events, such as the French Revolution and Industrial Revolution, were little.Her narrative was always inseparable from the party, walk, talk, dance......Although this written style received some people's criticism, she still stick to it.She once said that she was ―sculpt on two inches of ivory‖.Austen was never married, but the marriage is the eternal theme of her writings.In her works, the marriage status of middle-class people was alive.1.2.The Background of Pride and Prejudice In this great book, the author amply demonstrated her view on love and marriage.In order to analyze these points of view, we should firstly start from the background of her great works.―At that time, according to the social conditions in Britain, a good marriage for a young woman was critical.This phenomenon was closely associated with the British society and the status of women in the society.In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society.There was no equality between woman and man.Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity.The central life of women was forced to be staying at home.Their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband.‖(Zhu Hong, P34, 1995)
People at that time thought that women should be submissive to their husbands.The virtues of women were patience and deference.They must recognize their inherent inferiority to men, so they must restrict their abilities without question.Although the status of women was low, few of them expressed dissatisfaction about their own destiny.At that time, many middle-class young women had three ways out: getting married, staying at home as old maids or working as the family female teachers.The income of a family female teacher was very low, and the status was low as well.It was very difficult for them to change or swap out of this status, no one would like to be a maid forever, therefore, for young
women, especially those who did not have enough properties, getting married was the only good way for them to gain respect, stability and social status.Austen fully criticized some bad phenomena at that time in her work Pride and Prejudice and took some perfect points about marriage and loved to demonstrate her own view on love and marriage.2.The Four Marriages and the Ideas on Love and Marriage shown in Pride and Prejudice The story showed the ordinary life, feelings of the ordinary people.They were organized in a harmonious order under the author's skillful arrangement.The work mainly described four marriages.Two of them were main and assisted by the other two assistant marriages.―Darcy and Elizabeth’s love and marriage was the main theme of this work.After undergoing many setbacks, Darcy’s arrogance and Elizabeth’s prejudice eventually eliminates, the lovers finally got married.The marriage of Elizabeth’s sister Jane and Darcy’s friend Bingley was another clue.They deeply loved each other, but they were multi—blocked, after their departure, Jane missed Bingley very much.The two marriages reflected the other point of view in positive way that marriage should be based on true love, which was the ideal marry in the author’s opinion.The stories seem to be the ordinary lives, feelings and persons linked up in a harmonious order under the others meticulous concepts.However, the marriage between Charlotte and Collins was a negative example with the marriage between Lydia and Wickham, which helped to make the plots more tortuous and richer.‖(Zhu Hong, P12, 1985)
2.1.Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice 2.1.1.Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage The article mentioned little of Charlotte, however, her image was very full.Charlotte was woman who is well-educated, intelligent and admired much by Elizabeth.But she was in financial difficulties.If she did not get married, she could only live in her brother's home to be a spinster.When Kosslyn had been rejected by Elizabeth and turned to propose to
Charlotte • Lucas, She agreed without the least hesitation and still stick to marry him though she knew that Collins was a man who was neither wise nor pleasant, and very boring and that Mr.Collins did not love her and his so-called love for her was imaginary because for her “ the marriage may not make the women to be too happy, but it is always the best safe for the women, and it can ensure them not to be affected by cold and hunger.” In “Pride and Prejudice” Austen described mostly happy marriage, which often aroused the reader's controversy, because they thought that it is too unrealistic to be true.Collins and Charlotte’s marriage made a brutal footnote for Elizabeth’s romantic and happy love.Indeed we can learn that Austen was on a critical opinion of the society at that time from the fate of Charlotte: In the male-dominated society, unmarried women had no future.Elizabeth was an idealist, she would not marry a fool for money(Kosslyn)and also not to marry a man she did not love(such as the Darcy at the beginning of the story);however Charlotte who was six years older than Elizabeth and had little property was a pragmatist.In order to avoid becoming a spinster, who would suffer gossip in the society, she must make full use of any possible opportunity to get married.As Austen said, the reason that Charlotte was willing to marry him was completely for the purpose of property.She also confessed to Elizabeth: “You know I am not a romantic.Moreover I had never been this kind of person.I only ask for a comfortable home.As with Mr.Collins's character, family relations and social status, I am convinced that my chance of happiness is as fair as most people can boast on entering them marriage state ”(......I am not romantic you know.I never was.I ask only a comfortable home;and considering Mr.Collins’s character, connections, and situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness is as fair as most people can boast on entering them marriage state.)And even after their marriage, Charlotte always felt that “If forget Mr.Collins, the inside and outside of the house is indeed a very comfortable place ”.This was their marriage, which was held together through a pure relation of money and wealth.To some extend, this kind of marriages is actually a social tragedy that is concealed under the gorgeous cover.Through describing such a marriage, Jane• Austen wanted to tell the readers a common point in British society at that time that the most critical factor in marriage is not love, but money.Actually, it was more than in the United Kingdom at that time, even in today's society, this view is very popular, and can be accepted by most people.That was an era in which love was exiled.We could not blame Charlotte and the vast majority of
“Charlottes” too much because it was not entirely their false perhaps in real life love can not defeat the bread forever.2.1.2.Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage
The second marriage is between Bennett’s third daughter Lydia and Wickham, the son of the housekeeper.Originally he was well-treated by his family and friends.However, he came down in the world because of his misbehavior.He got into debt, so he wanted to get money, became rich and changed his social status through marriage which was also a way to approach the talents.He was a man without any responsibility.He does nothing except assailing a woman with obscenities.In his opinion, love was only recreation.For his purpose, he enticed Lydia and got her love easily, for she was young, innocent and vainglorious, and loved to go ease and hated to work hard, and was spoilt by her mother.Getting love and praise of a boy was her dream.So when Wickham wanted to attain to his aim－getting wealth by love and exalting her beauty hypocritically, she forgot who she was and felt she was the most beautiful and happiest girl in the world.Their love did not get the permission from the parents, so then they eloped.When Elizabeth heard the news, she believed that their love was a false.Wickham would not marry Lydia, because she is not charming and had nothing to attract him, who did not love her but loved the wealth of her family.The marriage was admitted with the help of Darcy.Their marriage was considered to be a scandal in Bennett’s family.But Mrs.Bennet was not disgraceful to this marriage.When Collins got the news, he was very angry and reacted to the marriage to revenge his early failure of proposal to her.This marriage was one without love.They didn’t have the real meaning of marriage.They only wanted to satisfy their aspiration.So we can say this is a kind of impromptu love and marriage without true love and responsibility.Such couples only seek the experience of marriage but not everlasting and unchanging one.Of course, such kind of marriage is doomed to be a tragedy.2.1.3.Jane and Mr.Bingley’s Marriage In the novel, Bingley and Jane never stopped pursuing their true love although there were so many obstacles between them.Fortunately, with the help of Darcy and Elizabeth, they finally got married and had a happy life.Bingley and Jane had many similarities in their
characters, which was the main reason to the success of their marriage.They possessed personal attractiveness and dignity, social graces, and a measure of good sense.They all had good breeding, but lacked insight, strength, and self-confidence.They didn’t show their insides easily to the public because they cared the social criticism too much.For Jane, she always concealed her true feelings, which gave others an illusion that she didn’t love Bingley.For Bingley, he yielded easily to criticism of Jane’s social position and easily accepted the suggestions of his sisters and Darcy, which almost consumed the felicity between Jane and him.Frankly speaking, the outside forces facilitated their marriage.According to the relationship between Bingley and Jane, love and respect were the basic factors of their successful and happy marriage.With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily.Most important of all, the couple with common interest can live together in a happy life.Because they understand, help and support between them.They didn’t care the defects of their partners and even they didn’t see any faults in each other.Just as the old saying goes, ―Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fall into the same group.‖
2.1.4.Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage Elizabeth was the actress in the “Pride and Prejudice”.Her love and marriage was the main thread running through the entire novel.At the beginning of the “recognized the truth” mentioned in the novel, all the girls in the middle-class families wanted to marry a good man.But Elizabeth had a different interpretation for a “good husband”.She believed that a husband not only need have certain number of family property but also must respect women, and at the same time there must be mutual understanding between them.Mr.Collins was the first suitor to Elizabeth.Elizabeth was surprised at first, but soon turned down Collins's proposal of marriage because she did not love Collins and could not fall in love with him.Elizabeth was impressed by Wickham’s elegant behavior and demeanor, but she still did not want to choose him to be her husband.She told her aunt that she could handle the relationship between her and Wickham and she would not fall in love with Wickham.Collins was secular cavity too, but smart without a common language with Elizabeth.Wickham is not rich man and lack of morality.Despite later Elizabeth discovered the true
face of Wickham.It did not affect the principle of Elizabeth optional husband.Wickham's exposure to poverty let him outside the scope of Elizabeth's choice of husband.But later why did Elizabeth reject Darcy who is a handsome wealthy man? Elizabeth clearly stated her answer: “Why, with so evident a design of offending and insulting me, you choose to tell me that you liked me against your will, against your reason, and even against your character? Was not this some excuse for incivility, if I was uncivil? ”(Austen, 2004:139).Of course, she had prejudice for Darcy and Wickham fabricated lies about Darcy, which had a certain impact on Elizabeth’ refusal to Darcy's marriage proposal, but the most important reason was that Elizabeth hated Darcy for their arrogant attitude.Elizabeth rejected the arrogant Darcy, but Darcy accepted the humble.Their marriage was based on Darcy's property and their love.The composition of property and the love marriage was the two indispensable important factors.When her sister Jane asked Elizabeth t how long she had fallen in love with Darcy, she replied: “It has been coming on so gradually that I hardly know when it began, but I believe I must date it from my first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberly.”(Austen, 2004:275)On the one hand, it revealed Elizabeth’s mockery.On the other hand, it also reflected her inner thoughts.It was this statement which reflected her attitude for money, marriage and life: The marriage based on no money was undesirable.So she visited Darcy’s luxurious Pember Lee Garden.After visiting the Manor, she felt that to be the Pember Lee Gardens hostess was quite good.From a psychological sense, it was a direct reflection of her inner thoughts.She was Bonnet’s second daughter, an active, intelligent and smart girl.She had a middle-class family background and had not been affected by the formal education belonging to those aristocratic young girls, so she was not good at music and painting, but she had read many books which made her knowledgeable and perceptive.The most important aspect was that she was a lady with dignity and upbringing.Darcy was a tall man with good manner.He was handsome, rich and powerful.So he was the ideal husband of most girls.He had grown up in the surroundings with strong sense of power, so he was always selfish and arrogant and had a critical look at each individual, except the family members.He was not concerned about anyone else, and looked down upon anyone else.Therefore, when he first arrived in the village, he found all the persons were beyond his imagination.Although every girl was young and lovely, he has no interest in young girls
except Elizabeth.But actually, at first he didn’t put an eye on Elizabeth.Gradually, he had to admit that Elizabeth was beautiful, distinct and popular, although he insisted that Elizabeth hadn't the same social status as him.Darcy was rational because he has a strong sense of power, which agreed on the reality at that time.Although he expressed his love to Elizabeth, he couldn't help showing his arrogance, which made Elizabeth have misconception and prejudice on Darcy.Darcy loved Elizabeth, but looked down upon her social status.He considered that he had been lowing himself and doing something against his will, personalities and even moral standard.He thinks that his marriage would certainly succeed and Elizabeth was waiting for him to propose marriage.Therefore, even he was irresistible to the flooding feelings, and condescends to Elizabeth.He still remembered the gap between them.Clearly, the rational aspect of Darcy’s personality performed on the realities of society.When he talked about his feelings of love, he also expressed the arrogance of these fully feelings, which resulted in the arousing resentment of Elizabeth;she rejected his marriage proposal, and angrily accused his insolence.The rational aspect of the heroine Elizabeth showed her clear, calm and actually stressful personality.Compared with her stupid mother, the smooth and lazy father, the shallow-minded, self-willed sister with feather head, Elizabeth was one with ideal mind.She was elegant like her sister Jane, but more intellectually.She also advised her sister to see through the stupidity and nonsense of those camouflage honest persons.Unconsciously, they were fascinated by each other for the physical attraction, and this led to the experience of passion in a loving relationship.In regard to Darcy, he initially did not think Elizabeth was beautiful enough, and scorned her low relatives and vulgar family members despite his later passion for Elizabeth.Darcy loved Elizabeth’s charming appearance and intelligence.His admiration for Elizabeth was obvious in the following details.When Elizabeth went to look after her sister Jane on foot, Miss Bingley made fun of her and her family at the back.Even Miss Bingley said to Darcy, ―I am afraid….that this adventure has rather lessened your admiration for her fine eyes‖.But Darcy replied: ―Not at all, they are brightened by the exercise‖.At Pemberley when Miss Bingley noticed that Darcy admired Elizabeth, she intended to confuse Elizabeth and made her show some feeling that might harm her in Darcy’s opinion.But it meant nothing to Darcy.She continued to criticize Elizabeth’s appearance, behavior and dress.Darcy could no longer control himself
and said: ―For many months I have considered her as one of the best looking women I have consider her as one of the best looking women in my acquaintance‖.The intimacy component was formed after the prejudice was relieved.For Elizabeth, there are three elements causing her prejudice against Darcy—Darcy’s humiliation of her at the Meryton assembly by his aloof manner and superiority;and her suspicion of his responsibility for Mr.Bingley’s sudden migration to London which would ruin her sister’s chance of happiness.So when he made his proposal to Elizabeth, he heard her say: ―I had not known you a month before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be induced to marry‖.Shocked and humiliated by Elizabeth’s refusal, the arrogant Darcy finally learned his lessons from Elizabeth.Upright as he actually was, Darcy wrote letter to Elizabeth, reveals the true character of Wickham and his true perception of Jane’s manner to Bingley.It was at this moment that Elizabeth contemplated the whole thing and she turned ―absolutely ashamed of herself‖, and the prejudice was relieved.Elizabeth at this point moved from strong hospitality to benevolent neutrality, but ―she could not approve him;or refusal, or feel the slightest inclination ever to see him again‖.The commitment component was formed after Elizabeth accept Darcy’s proposal.Only on the condition that Elizabeth saw the altered new Darcy, could she accept him as her man, who she respected and who respected her and her family.When Darcy meets Elizabeth at Pemberly unexpectedly, he entered into conversation with Mr.Gardiner.Elizabeth’s uncle, and asked permission for his sister to call upon Elizabeth.When Elizabeth told him that Lydia has run away with Wickham, he didn’t despise her but brought about the marriage by giving Wickham money.He started to stand on the level of equality to propose Elizabeth and he succeeded.After dispelling all misunderstandings, all three components of love——intimacy, passion, and commitment are formed.3.Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage
Jane Austen is a writer who regards novel writing as a sophisticated art.With a cool hand, she always has her imagination and passion under control.With great details drawn from everyday life and activities, the pictures of her characters are vividly portrayed and everyone comes alive.With simple language and conversing dialogues, her novels are surprisingly realistic.When she converted the disorderly reality into an orderly artistic unity, she pays much attention to the formal qualities of composition, to the design, and to the subordination of the parts to the whole.Her plots appear natural, unforced.They were developed easily and unhurriedly under the author’s perfect control.All the characters have their place in the plot and contribute to the main story.At her best, she keeps balance between facts and form as no other English novelist has ever done.Jane Austen is one of the few novelists who have managed fully to satisfy the requirements in the art of novel writing.Compared with other writers, Jane Austen defined hers stories within a narrow sphere.The subject matters, the character range, the social setting and plots are all restrict to the late 18th century England.Everything in her novels reminds us of a quiet, uneventful and contented life of the English country.Jane Austen believed that a man’s relation to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his belief and career, and reveals him fundamentally, so she characterizes readers a human being not at moments of crisis, but in the most trivial incidents of everyday life, such as their personal relations, human beings with their families and neighbors, etc.As a result, her novels have a universal significance.Jane Austen’s main concern is about human beings in their personal relationship.As a result her novels have a universal significance.From her point of view, life is made up of small things and human nature reveals itself in them as fully as in big ones and a man’s relationship to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his concerns about his belief and career, which reveals his moral quality more accurately and truthfully.So when Jane Austen writes she would describe human being in the most trivial incidents of everyday life rather than at moments of crisis.She wrote within a narrow sphere.The subject matter, the character range, the social settings and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England.Her attention would go to three or four landed gentle
families with their daily routine life: relationships with members of their own family and with their friends, dancing parties, tea parties, picnics, barbecues and gossips.As a realistic writer, she considers it her duty to express in her words a serious criticism of life and to expose the weakness and illusions of mankind.In her style she is a neoclassicism advocator, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, proportion and graceful in novel writing.The interest of Jane Austen is to study human being in their relations with other people in daily life, so her novels concern about the relationship between men and women in love.Stories of love and marriage provide the framework for all her novels and in which women are always taken as the major characters.In their pursuit of a happy marriage, they could be grouped into three categories: those who marry for money, position and property, those who marry just for passion and those who marry for love which is based on consideration of both the person’s personal merit and his economical and social status.So in her novels the point that money is not the only thing in the consideration of marriage but it plays a very important role found best reflection there.Austen’s this view towards marriage is still very popular nowadays.There are a lot of novels talking about marriage in Britain, but scarcely an author could be like Austen, exposing the money-essence of capitalism marriage system so deeply.In brief, it is money that determines everybody’s life and fate, especially marriage.As for it was pragmatic meaning, it could be forceful and penetrating.No wonder that David Dax，a western Marxism critic said, in the aspect of exposing ―the economics of human beings’ behavior‖, Jane Austen, ―to some extent, had been a Marxist before Marx’s being born.4.Conclusion As in any good love story, the lovers must elude and overcome numerous stumbling blocks, beginning with the tensions caused by the lovers’ own personal qualities.Elizabeth’s pride makes her misjudge Darcy on the basis of a poor first impression, while Darcy’s prejudice against Elizabeth’s poor social standing blinds him, for a time, to her many virtues.Of course, one could also say that Elizabeth is guilty of prejudice and Darcy of pride: the title cuts both ways.Austen, meanwhile, poses countless smaller obstacles to the realization of the love between Elizabeth and Darcy, including Lady Catherine’s attempt to control her nephew, Miss Bingley’s snobbery, Mrs.Bennet’s idiocy, and Wickham’s deceit.In each case, anxieties about social connections, or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love.Darcy and Elizabeth’s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Austen views love as something independent of these social forces, as something that can be captured if only an individual is able to escape the warping effects of hierarchical society.Austen does sound some more realist(or, one could say, cynical)notes about love, using the character of Charlotte Lucas, who marries the buffoon Mr.Collins for his money, to demonstrate that the heart does not always dictate marriage.Yet with her central characters, Austen suggests that true love is a force separate from society and one that can conquer even the most difficult of circumstances.The title tells the major concern of the novel: pride and prejudice.Pride is the character flaw that causes Elizabeth to dislike Darcy upon their first meeting.Yet Elizabeth herself also suffers from the same flaw;her pride in her own ability to analyze character is such that she refuses to reevaluate Darcy in the face of evidence in his favor.The concept of pride can be defined into two ways: positive and negative.Possessing positive or right pride is to have self-respect, honor, and integrity.On the other hand, wrong or negative pride is defined as showing arrogant or disdainful conduct and haughtiness.Mr.Darcy displays the positive side of pride while Mr.Bennet possesses wrong or negative pride, and a lack of pride itself in some cases.Darcy is responsible for his sister, himself, his estate, and his family name.He takes pride in these things and does anything he can to protect them.But Mr.Bennet who is a father of five daughters, a husband, and the holder of reputable conduct in the family, does
not take pride in his family or takes his responsibility;Mr.Bennet ridicules the members of his family instead of controlling their unruly actions.Pride and Prejudice depicts a society in which a woman’s reputation is of the utmost importance.A woman is expected to behave in certain ways.Stepping outside the social norms makes her vulnerable to ostracism.This theme appears in the novel, when Elizabeth walks to Netherfield and arrives with muddy skirts, to the shock of the reputation-conscious Miss Bingley and her friends.At other points, the ill-mannered, ridiculous behavior of Mrs.Bennet gives her a bad reputation with the more refined(and snobbish)Darcy and Bingley.Austen pokes gentle fun at the snobs in these examples, but later in the novel, when Lydia elopes with Wickham and lives with him out of wedlock, the author treats reputation as a very serious matter.By becoming Wickham’s lover without benefit of marriage, Lydia clearly places herself outside the social pale, and her disgrace threatens the entire Bennet family.Love is wonderful.The distance between two hearts is not necessarily because physical proximity or separation may change.But youth and love are the most likely to disappear under the sun of things.A woman can be deeply loved by a man in her all life.Is that a kind of happy? Or, a woman in her life missed a man who deeply loved her.What kind of regrets? Pride and Prejudice are the two points in our common human weaknesses.The human nature is too easily distorted, alienated.If not carefully or falling into blindness, you will loss of justice and reason.Meanwhile it was manipulated by emotions and it will go wrong.Elizabeth and Darcy is only one representative.The origin, property, status, education, once stained with upper edge, it is easy arrogance of the illnesses contracted on the poor, low, vulgar person disdained eyes;while the low status, property, few people, for humanity a kind of self-esteem, places biased against the pride of the superior person, which naturally is another distortion of arrogance.In “Pride and Prejudice”, although it is a battle of wits and means shining love sitcoms, actually tells us a truth, that is a solid love is the cornerstone of marriage.In order to property, money and status of marriage is wrong;while marriage does not take into account the factors mentioned above is also foolish.Love and similar interests are the basic factors of a successful and happy marriage.With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily.Most important of all, the couple with similar interests can live together with a happy life, because there are
understandings, helps and supporting between them.They don’t care the defects of their partners and even they don’t see any faults in each other.Just as the old saying going, ―Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fill into the same group.‖
References：
[1] Alan Macfarlane.Marriage and Love in England1300-1800[M].Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986 [2]于 欣.Money and Marriage——The Matrimonial Value Orientation in Pride and Prejudice[J].科教文汇，2006，（6）: 132-133.[3]李维屏.乔伊斯的美学思想和艺术[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000 [4][英]狄更斯著.孙法理译.双城记[M].南京：译林出版社，1996.6，第一版，序言 [5]Austen.Jane 林立译Pride and Prejudice[M].北京：航空工业出版社，2007.[6] 简·奥斯汀著.孙 致礼 译.傲慢与偏见[M].上海：上海译文出版社，1900 [7] 陈忠实.白鹿原[M].北京：人民文学出版社，1993
Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis.I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Miss.Tang who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies.In the preparation of the thesis，she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice.Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in The Central South of University, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis.I should finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.
第五篇：《傲慢与偏见》中的女性意识分析
英语专业全英原创毕业论文，公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考（贡献者ID 有提示）
最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作 Gulliver’s Alienation: From an Economic Being to a Political Being 2 语义翻译与交际翻译在英语专业八级翻译考试中的应用 3 论中国古典诗歌意象和意境英译——基于萨皮尔-沃夫假说 4 埃德加•爱伦•坡短篇小说的语言特色分析 5 英汉典故及文化内涵的比较分析 Psychoanalysis of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 7 中法餐桌文化对比 论英语委婉语的构成与翻译 9 论旅游英语翻译中的跨文化意识 An Analysis of the Limitations in Charles Dickens’ Critical Realism Reflected in Oliver Twist 11 阶级矛盾导致的爱情悲剧―<<呼啸山庄>>解读 12 文化背景知识在英语教学中的作用 电影《功夫熊猫》中美文化融合现象分析 英汉“拉”类动词的语义成分和词化模式的对比分析 15 Analysis on the Withdrawal of Feminism in The Great Gatsby 16 从爱伦·坡《黑猫》探讨人性的善良与邪恶 17 《红楼梦》两英译本中习语翻译的比较 18 《宠儿》女主人公赛斯人物形象分析 19 自然与自由之子－－新女性戴茜米勒 20 功能对等理论透视下的影视片名翻译 21 论圣经诗篇的修辞特点 英汉“批评”类动词的语义成分及词化模式分析 Effects of First Person Narration on Thematic Expression in Araby 24 中国时政新词翻译探析 中美大学生课堂讨论话语性别差异对比 26 从功能对等理论看“赶”的英译 从迪斯尼动画《木兰》看中美文化差异 28 从消费心理学角度谈汽车品牌名称的翻译 29 英语幽默的认知语用分析 解读《金色笔记》中的女性主义
顺应论视角中电影字幕汉英翻译研究——以李安电影作品字幕翻译为例 32 从原型批评理论观点看《红字》的圣经原型 33 中西文化差异在家庭教育中的体现 34 文化视野下的中美家庭教育方法的比较
从马洛斯的“需要层次”理论看<<傲慢与偏见>>中的婚姻观 36 英汉动物习语对比研究
民族文化差异与广告语言创意
国际商务英语信函写作中的礼貌策略
Humor and Violation of the Cooperative Principle 40 论顺句驱动在英汉同声传译中的运用 41 照进黑暗的光－－电影《弱点》主题阐释
英语专业全英原创毕业论文，公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考（贡献者ID 有提示）
论肢体语言在中国英语课堂教学中的合理应用
影响英语专业学生阅读理解因素的分析及对策探讨 44 广告英语的语言特征 45 从翻译美学探究散文英译
爱伦坡侦探小说中恐怖气氛的营造方法
佛罗多与亚拉冈：悲剧虚构型模式中的低模仿英雄与喜剧虚构型模式中的高模仿英雄 48 在异化社会里身份的迷失与精神上的顿悟－－对索尔贝娄《晃来晃去的人》中主人公的剖析
中西方商务礼仪的差异
受超验主义影响的具有美国精神的作家 51 英汉形状类量词的隐喻认知分析 52 美国宪法形成的历史和原因之研究
影响英语阅读效果的主要因素与策略——针对大学英语四六级考试 54 从女性主义解读《芒果街上的小屋》 55 合作学习在初中英语口语教学中的应用 56 “Lady First” Reflected in Different Cultures 57 弥尔顿《失乐园》中撒旦形象的双重性 58 从违反合作原则的角度解读会话含义 59 浅析中国时政术语的常用英译方法 60 《彼得潘》中的“成长”主题
杰克•伦敦《热爱生命》中天气描写的作用 62 宋词英译中的归化和异化
运用超验主义解读《小妇人》中的女性形象 64 美国基督新教与中国儒家的伦理道德的比较
唐诗中比喻修辞格的翻译——以许渊冲英译本为例 66 On the C-E Translation of Public Signs 67 Saussure’s Five Contributions to Linguistic Study and Its Modern Applications 68 中美婚姻观对比研究
The Research of Chinese and Western Names in Cross-cultural Communication 70 A Brief Discussion on the Translation of Brand Names 71 On Symbolism in Hemingway's Cat in the Rain 72 从语境视角分析电影字幕英译中翻译
《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克与《失乐园》中的撒旦的反叛者形象比较 74 高中英语词汇课堂教学策略
从中西方政治文化差异看中美关系 76 浅谈英语委婉语的作用和原则
国产电影字幕归化与异化研究－－以《集结号》为个案研究
A Comparative Study of Dragon Images in Chinese & Western Literary Classics 79 A Comparative Study of the Character of Tess and Jane Eyre 80 产品生命周期的营销策略
从文化翻译学行为论看汉语国俗语的英译过程——对林语堂和《吾国吾民》的个案考察 82 A Comparison between Two Chinese Versions of Uncle Tom’s Cabin 83 论网络英语的特征
Mirror Image Relationship Between General Liguang and Patton 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考（贡献者ID 有提示）
从卡明斯的L（a 看视觉诗的可译潜势 86 中西方餐桌礼仪文化对比
从三美原则看中国古诗词中酒意象的英译
The Symbols and Their Symbolic Meanings in The Scarlet Letter 89 《哈利波特》中斯内普的人物分析
从《芒果街上的小屋》透视女性自我意识的觉醒 91 浅析爱尔兰诗人叶芝作品中的象征主义 92 尼斯湖和西湖—中西方旅游性格差异研究 93 商务信函的写作原则与技巧
从《野性的呼唤》看杰克伦敦自然主义观 95 浅析电影《我是山姆》中的反智主义
英汉衔接手段对比分析－－基于The Old Man and the Sea及其译本的对比分析 97 Cross-cultural Differences in Business Etiquette Between China and America 98 大学英语课程改革审视：基于通识教育的视角 99 英语系动词语义属性及句法行为研究
合作学习法对英语口语能力的影响——对独立学院非英语专业学生的个案研究 101 提高学生写作能力的途径和方法 102 中西方饮食文化对比
Beowulf: A Christianity Guided Pagan Epic 104 论《儿子与情人》中的恋母情结 105 网络环境下英语自主学习模式的调查 106 从目的论视角研究中文菜名的英译 107 中餐菜名的英译与饮食文化传播
从基督教教义分析《红字》中的罪恶与救赎 109 数字模糊语义的汉英翻译
浅析《宠儿》中塞丝背上的树的形象
追寻荆棘的女人——浅析《荆棘鸟》中梅吉的形象 112 苔丝的悲剧成因浅析
英语语义歧义分析及其语用价值 114 以《老友记》为例浅析美式幽默 115 中美商务接待文化差异
中西方新闻报道看道德观差异
平衡的维系——《天钧》中的道家思想 118 应用多媒体资源提高英语新闻听力 119 少儿英语语言学习策略调查与研究
从文化角度探析中英基本颜色词的比较和翻译
言语行为理论在戏剧《芭芭拉少校》对白分析中的应用 122 从委婉语看中西方礼仪文化的差异
《嘉莉妹妹》之女主人公新女性形象分析 124 分析文化差异在国际商务谈判中的影响 125 英汉形状类量词的隐喻认知分析
浅析《远大前程》中主人公皮普性格发展的形成因素 127 论《家》和《儿女一箩筐》中的中美家庭文化差异 128 李清照词英译研究
英语专业全英原创毕业论文，公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考（贡献者ID 有提示）
矛盾的女性意识：从《傲慢与偏见》看简•奥斯汀的婚恋观 130 背诵在英语学习中的作用
A Superficial Analysis of Religious Consciousness of Jane Eyre 132 动物词在中英文化中的喻义及其翻译 133 伊莉莎白和凯瑟琳不同性格及命运的分析
一个典型的拜伦式英雄——论《呼啸山庄》中的希斯克利夫 135 《西游记》两英译本宗教用语翻译比较：读者接受论视角 136 从跨文化视角解读中美商务谈判中的冲突
A Journey through Harsh Reality: Reflections on Gulliver’s Travels 138 大卫王：在希伯来世界中的社会地位 139 中美商务接待文化差异
《野性的呼唤》中的自然主义 141 论流行网络词汇的汉英翻译
Analysis on the Withdrawal of Feminism in The Great Gatsby 143 论《杀死一只知更鸟》的成长主题 144 小学英语课堂互动式教学研究
教师身势语在英语口语教学中的应用 146 从《红字》看霍桑的道德思想观
浅析《恋爱中的女人》的圣经意象原型——从原型批评角度解读 148 英汉人称指示语的对比研究 149 英语动画片中的中国元素探究
隐喻视角下的方位词研究－－以方位词in和up为例
151 解读托尼•莫瑞森小说《所罗门之歌》中黑人身份的迷失与回归 152
153 国际商务谈判中的中西文化冲突 154 试论金融英语词汇的特点与翻译
155 A Study of the Protagonist’s Pursuit of Identity in Invisible Man 156 女性主义视域下的《了不起的盖茨比》 157 Translation of English News 158 面部表情和目视行为的跨文化研究
159 试论班扬《天路历程》中基督徒的精神历程
160 论中美两国的现代中年女性观念之差——以美剧《欲望都市》为例 161 论接受理论对儿童文学作品的影响——以《快乐王子》中译本为例 162 《鲁滨逊漂流记》中‘星期五’的意义 163 公共标识翻译的跨文化语用学研究
164 The Analysis of Daisy in The Great Gatsby 165 论英汉谚语的起源差异
166 美国电影中的中华文化运用得与失的研究 167 论远大前程中皮普的道德观
168 Escapism in The Picture of Dorian Gray 169 论国际商务中的跨文化有效沟通 170 小说《飘》中斯嘉丽的人物性格分析 171 英文电影题目翻译的异化与归化研究 172 从《蝴蝶夫人》到《蝴蝶君》的蜕变
英语专业全英原创毕业论文，公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考（贡献者ID 有提示）
173 荒岛主义在《蝇王》中的映射 174 中英广告宣传方式的比较研究 175 中西方在养老孝道方面的差异
176 论“冰山原则”在《白象似的群山》中的应用 177 初中英语课堂教学的任务型活动设计
178 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中圣克莱尔一家的人物分析 179 跨文化意识在初中英语教材中的渗透 180 中西思维差异对商务谈判的影响 181 主位推进模式在语篇翻译中的应用
182 From Dormancy to Revival—A Feminist Study on Kate Chopin’s Awakening 183 对比研究《珊瑚岛》和《蝇王》主题的冲突性
184 Cultural Elements in Chinese Film Subtitles and Their Translation Strategies 185 英国海洋文化对英语习语的影响
186 从关联-顺应理论视角研究旅游文本英译
187 Psychological Portrayal in an Epistolary Novel－－－－On Samuel Richardson’s Pamela 188 小议非英语专业大学生英语口语能力的培养 189 从世纪后服饰发展比较中西文化差异 190 The Artistic Value of The Call of the Wild 191 The Relationship between Love and the Development of the Protagonists’ Characters in Great Expectations 192 从目的论看林语堂《浮生六记》翻译中增译法的运用
193 A Comparative Study on American and Chinese Values Based on Friends 194 《藻海无边》中边缘女性的生存与救赎 195 《喜福会》体现的中美家庭观念冲突解析
196 A Pragmatic Analysis of Puns in English Advertisements under the Cooperative Principle 197 An Analysis of the Divided Human Nature in O.Henry’s Major Works
198 A Study of the Characters and Their Influence on the Hero of The Catcher in the Rye 199 《傲慢与偏见》中的女性意识分析 200 从《热爱生命》看杰克•伦敦的生命观
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