第一篇：英国文学大事记与文学术语集萃
英国文学纵览
一．英国文学大事记
1.The Medieval period : 450---1485
Anglo-saxon or Old English Period(450---1066): poetry in oral form
Anglo-Norman Period(1066---1340): romance
The 14th Century(1340---1400):Age of Chaucer
The 15th Century
2.The Renaissance Period(the late 15th century---1750s): Drama and poetry
The Renaissance Humanism The Elizabethan Age(1558-1603): the golden age of English poetry
3.The 17th Century
The Jacobean Age(1603-1625): the Metaphysical poetry The Caroline Period(1625-1649): the Cavalier poetry The Revolutionary period or The Puritan Age(1640---1660): Milton
The Period of Restoration(1660---1688): Age of Dryden
4.The 18th century: Age of Prose
The Enlightenment Movement
New-classicism（1700-1745）：The Augustan Age
Realism Sentimentalism
Preromanticism
二．文学术语集萃
Alliteration or Head Rhyme or Initial Rhyme refers to the repetition of the same sounds—usually initial consonants of words or of stressed syllables—in any sequence of neighboring words.A Ballad is a story told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.Romance is the prevailing literary form of literature in the Middle Ages(1000-1453).It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.Heroic Couplet is a rhymed pair of iambic pentameter lines.It was established by Chaucer as a major English verse-form for narrative and other kinds of non-dramatic poetry;it dominated English poetry of the 18th century notably in the poetry of Pope, before declining in importance in the early 19th century.The Ecologue was a classical form, practiced by Virgil and others;it represents usually in dialogue between shepherds, the moods and feeling and attitudes of the simple life.Essay is a literary form which can be defined as a short piece of expository prose.The purpose is to inform or explain rather than to dramatize or amuse.Its feature is brevity.New-classicism is a revival of classical standards of order, balance and harmony in literature in the 17th and 18th centuries in England.Realism is a mode of writing that gives the impression of recording life as it really is without sentimentalizing or idealizing it.It may be found as an element in the works of Chaucer or Defoe prior to the 19th century, but as a dominant trend in the novels of the middle-or lower class life in the 19th century
The Renaissance in England: Renaissance is the „rebirth‟ of literature, art and learning that progressively transformed European culture from the mid-14th century in Italy to the mid-17th century in England, strongly influenced by the rediscovery of classical Greek and Latin literature, and accelerated by the development of printing.The Renaissance is commonly held to mark the close of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern Western world.In literary terms, the Renaissance may be seen as a new tradition running from Petrarch and Boccaccio in Italy to Jonson and Milton in England, embracing the work of Sidney, Spenser, and Shakespeare;it is marked by a new self-confidence in vernacular literatures, a flourishing of lyric poetry, and a revival of such classical forms as epic and pastoral literature.The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout the Western Europe in the 18th century.It greatly influenced the English social life and literature.Generally speaking, the Enlightenment movement was an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism.The enlighteners fought against class in equality, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.They thought the chief means for improving society was “enlightenment” or “education” for the people.The English enlighteners fell into two groups: the moderate and the radical.The moderate includes: Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson and Dr.Johnson.The Radical includes such writers as Jonathan Swift, Henry Fielding, Tobias George Smollet, Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan.Spenserian stanza is a 9-line stanza form with the rhyme scheme of abab bcbc c, invented by Edmund Spenser.The first eight are iambic pentameter lines, and the last line is an iambic hexameter line.Pastoral, a highly conventional mode of writing that celebrates the innocent life of shepherds and shepherdesses in poems, plays, and prose romances.Pastoral literature describes the loves and sorrows of musical shepherds, usually in an idealized Golden Age of rustic innocence and idleness;paradoxically, it is an elaborately artificial cult of simplicity and virtuous frugality.Sonnet is a lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of 14 iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme.There are two major patterns of rhyme in sonnets written in English.The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet(named after the 14th century Italian poet Petrarch)comprises an octave(8 lines)rhyming abbaabba and a sestet(6 lines)rhyming cdecde or cdccdc.The transition from octave to sestet usually coincides with a „turn‟ in the argument or mood of the poem.The English or Shakespearean sonnet(named after its greatest practitioner)comprises three quatrains and a final couplet, rhyming ababcdcdefefgg.The „turn‟ comes with the final couplet, which may sometimes achieve an epigram.There was one notable variant, the Spenserian sonnet, in which Spenser linked each quatrain to the next by a continuing rhyme: abab bcbc cdcd ee.There are three famous sonnet sequences in the Elizabethan Age----Spenser‟s Amoretti, Shakespeare‟s sonnets and Sidney‟s Astrophel and Stella.Ballad stanza or Ballad metre, the usual form of the folk ballad and its literary imitations, consisting of a quatrain in which the first and third lines have four stresses while the second and fourth have three stresses.Usually only the second and fourth lines rhyme.The rhythm is basically iambic.The Metaphysical Poets: John Dryden said in his Discourse Concerning Satire(1693)that John Donne in his poetry “affects the metaphysics,” meaning that Donne employs the terminology and abstruse arguments of the medieval Scholastic philosophers.In 1779 Samuel Johnson extended the term “metaphysical” from Donne to a school of poets in his “Life of Cowley.” The name is now applied to a diverse group of 17th-century English poets whose work is notable for its ingenious use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising conceits, strange paradoxes and far-fetched imagery.The leading metaphysical poet was John Donne, whose colloquial, argumentative abruptness of rhythm and tone distinguishes his style from the conventions of Elizabethan love lyrics.Other poets to whom the label is applied include Andrew Marvell, Abraham Cowley, John Cleveland and the predominantly religious poets George Herbert, Henry Vaughan and Richard Crashaw.Conceit: an unusually far-fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings.Poetic conceits are prominent in Elizabethan love sonnets, in metaphysical poetry.Conceits often employ the devices of hyperbole, paradox and oxymoron.Originally meaning a concept or image, conceit came to be the term for figures of speech which establish a striking parallel, usually ingeniously elaborate, between two very dissimilar things or situations.The Cavalier poets are a group of English lyric poets who were active, approximately, during the reign of Charles I(1625-1640).This group includes Richard Lovelace, Sir John Suckling, Robert Herrick, Thomas Carew, and Waller.These poets virtually abandoned the sonnet form which had been the favoured medium for love poems for a century.They were considerably influenced by Ben Jonson.Their lyrics are light, witty, elegant and, for the most part, concerned with love.They show much technical virtuosity.Carpe Diem: a tradition theme dating back to classical Greek and Latin poetry and particularly popular among the English Cavalier poets.Carpe Diem means, literally, “seize the day”, that is, “live for today.” The Carpe Diem theme is epitomized in a line from Robert Herrick‟s “To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time”: “Gather ye rosebuds while ye may.”
Blank verse is the verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.It is the verse form used in some of the greatest English poetry, including that of William Shakespeare and John Milton.Elegy: a poem of mourning, usually over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation on the nature of death.An elegy is a type of lyric poem, usually formal in language and structure, and solemn or even melancholy in tone.Epitaph: an inscription on a gravestone or a short poem written in memory of someone who has died.Many epitaphs are actually epigrams, or short witty sayings, and are not intended for serious use as monument inscriptions.Pre-romanticism: a general term applied by modern literary historians to a number of developments in late 18th century culture that are thought to have prepared the ground of Romanticism in its full sense.In various ways, these are all departures from the orderly framework of neoclassicism and its authorized genres.A Song is a short lyric poem with distinct musical qualities, normally written to be set to music.It expresses a simple but intense emotion.Byron‟s “She Walks in Beauty” is a song.Romanticism: a movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in Western culture during most of the 19th century, beginning as a revote against classicism.There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places.Many of the ideas of English Romanticism were first expressed by William Wordsworth and Samuel Talor Coleridge.It prevailed in England during the period 1798-1832.Romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata that were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism.They split into two groups because of the different attitudes toward the capitalist society.The Passive Romantic poets or the Lake poets are represented by Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey.The Active or Revolutionary Romantic poets are represented by Byron, Shelley and Keats.Ode: a complex lyric poem of some length, dealing with a noble theme in a dignified manner and originally intended to be sung.Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event.Terza Rima: it is an Italian verse form consisting of a series of three-line stanzas in which the middle line of each stanza rhymes with the first and third lines of the following stanza as follows aba bcb cdc etc.Shelley‟s “Ode to the West Wind” is partly written in terza rima.Dramatic Monologue: a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.The occasion is usually a crucial one in the speaker‟s life, and the dramatic monologue reveals the speaker‟s personality as well as the incident that is the subject of the poem.The Victorian Period: the beginning of the Victorian Period is frequently dated from 1837 to 1901(the reign of Queen Victoria).Much writing of the period dealt with or reflected the pressing social, economic, religious and intellectual issues and problems of that era.Among the notable poets were Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Christina Rossetti, Matthew Arnold and Gerard Manley Hopkins.The chief characteristics of the Victorian poetry are its moralizing tendencies, its overpadding of extra-poetic matter, and its traditional iambic pentameter.
第二篇：英国文学选读术语（本站推荐）
一．Local Colorism
It is said that Bret Harte was one of the first realists to introduce local color into American literature.His “The Luck of Roaring Camp”(1868)marked a significantdevelopment in the brief history of local color fiction.It was the result of historical & aesthetic forces.1.historical
2.aesthetic force
Local Color:Term applied to literature which emphasizes its setting, being concerned with the character of a district or of an era, as marked by its customs, dialects, costumes, landscape or other peculiarities that have escaped standardizing cultural influences.The local color movement came into particular prominence in Am after the Civil War, perhaps as an attempt to recapture the glamour of a past era, or to portray the sections of the reunited country.In local color literature one finds the dual influence of romanticism and realism since the author frequently looks away from ordinary life to distant lands,strange customs, or exotic scenes, but retains through minute detail a sense of fidelity and accuracyof description.二．Beat Generation
The Beat Generation refers to a group of American post-WWII writers who came to prominence in the 1950s, as well as the cultural phenomena that they both documented and inspired
Central elements of “Beat” culture included experimentation with drugs, alternative forms of sexuality, an interest in Eastern religion, a rejection of materialism, and the idealizing of exuberant, unexpurgated means of expression and being
三．symbol
A symbol is an object that represents, stands for, or suggests an , belief, action, or material.Symbols take the form of words, sounds, gestures, or visual images and are used to convey ideas and beliefs.For example, a red octagon may be a symbol for “STOP”.On a map, a picture of a tent might represent a campsite.are symbols for.Personal names are symbols representing individuals.A red rose symbolizes love and compassion
四．Code Hero
The Code Hero is typically an individualist and free-willed.Although he believes in the ideals of courage and honor he has his own set of morals and principles based on his beliefs in honor, courage and endurance.A code hero never shows emotions;showing emotions and having a commitment to women shows weakness.Qualities such as bravery, adventuresome and travel also define the Code Hero
五．Free verse
Free verse is an open form(see)of.It does not use consistentpatterns, , or any other musical pattern.It thus tends to follow the rhythm of natural speech.另
free verse(or, in French, vers libre), a kind of poetry that does not conform to any regular : the length of its lines is irregular, as is its use of rhyme—if any.Instead of a regular metrical pattern it uses more flexibleor rhythmic groupings, sometimes supported byand other devices of repetition.Now the most widely practised verse form in English, it has precedents in translations of the biblical Psalms and in some poems of Blake and Goethe, but established itself only in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with Walt Whitman, the French , and the poets of.Free verse should not be confused with , which does observe a regular metre in its unrhymed lines.六．Naturalism Naturalism is “the idea or belief that only(as opposed toor)laws and forces operate in the world;(occas.)the idea or belief that nothing exists beyond the natural world.”Adherents of naturalism(i.e.naturalists)assert that natural laws are the rules that govern the structure and behavior of the natural universe, that theis a product of these laws.naturalism, a more deliberate kind ofin novels, stories, and plays, usually involving a view of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social.As a literary movement, naturalism was
initiated in France by Jules and Edmond Goncourt with their novel Germinie Lacerteux(1865), but it came to be led by Émile Zola, who claimed a ‘scientific’ status for his studies of impoverished characters miserably subjected to hunger, sexual obsession, and hereditary defects in Thérèse Raquin(1867), Germinal(1885), and many other novels.Naturalist fiction aspired to a sociological objectivity, offering detailed and fully researched investigations into unexplored corners of modern society
七．American Puritanism
American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.The Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church.The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them.They were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles.As the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to purity their religious beliefs and practices.They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace form God.As a culture heritage, Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind.American Puritanism also had a enduring influence on American literature
Puritan Beliefs
1.Original Sin
Through Adam and Eve's fall, every person is born sinful.2.Predestination
Only a few are selected by God for salvation.3.Limited Atonement(赎罪)
Jesus died for the chosen only, not for everyone.4.Irresistible Grace
Grace is defined as the saving and transfiguring power of God.Puritanism
1.Idealismpracticality and purposiveness
八．Exposition
The exposition is the portion of athat introduces important background information to the audience;for example, information about the setting, events occurring before the main plot, characters' , etc.Exposition can be conveyed through dialogues, through a character's thoughts, through background details, throughmedia such as newspaper clippings, trial reports and letters, or through a narrator telling aor by establishing scenes where a character is followed.Exposition is considered one of fourof discourse, along with , , and
九．Imagery
our senses through imagery.Imagery is more incidental to a poem than metaphors, symbols and theme and they are often confused.Nevertheless, an image should conjure up something more than the mere mentioning of the object or situation.A mistake often made is to take every image as though it were a symbol or metaphor
第三篇：英国文学简史术语解释总结(英文)[模版]
1.Beowulf: national epic of the English people;Denmark story;alliteration, metaphors and understatements.2.Romance（名词解释）a story of adventure--fictitious, frequently marvelous or supernatural--in verse or prose.3，Ballad民谣（名词解释）
Popular Ballads 大众民谣 ：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记)
Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上).4，4，Heroic couplet(名词解释)
heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵)lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格).Renaissance（名词解释）
Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.555 humanism 人文主义： admire human beauty and human achievement
556 The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of
bourgeoisie against feudalism
6，.Sonnet（名词解释）
The sonnet is a poem in 14 lines with one or the other rhyme schme,a form much in vogue in Renaissance Europe, expecially in Italy ,France and England.7，Blank verse（名词解释）: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.8，Spenserian Stanza（名词解释）
Stanza form developed by Edmund Spenser and almost certainly influenced by rhyme royal and ottava rima.Spenser's stanza has nine lines and is rhymed a-b-a-b-b-c-b-c-c.The first eight lines of the stanza are in iambic pentameter and the last line in iambic hexameter.He used this form in his epic poem The Faerie Queene.John Keats, a great admirer of Spenser, used this stanza in his poem The Eve of St.Agnes.,9 Enlightenment(1650-1800)（名词解释）A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感)and accuracy
Individualism--emphasized the importance of the individual and his inborn rights Rationalism--the conviction that with the power of reason, humans could arrive at truth and improve the world.Relativism--was the concept that different cultures, beliefs, ideas, and value systems had equal merit.Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)
10，Classicism（名词解释）
In the arts, historical tradition or aesthetic attitudes based on the art of Greece and Rome in antiquity.In the context of the tradition, Classicism refers either to the art produced in antiquity or to later art inspired by that of antiquity;Neoclassicism always refers to the art produced later but inspired by antiquity.11 Sentimentalism（名词解释）Sentimentalism 感伤主义 no belief 没有信仰
The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people.Graveyard School / Poets:A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom.RomanticismLake Poets（名词解释）
The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century.Aestheticism唯美主义（名词解释）
The Aesthetic Movement is a loosely defined movement in literature, fine art, the decorative arts, and interior design in later nineteenth-century Britain.It represents the same tendencies that symbolism or decadence stood for in France and may be considered the British branch of the same movement.It belongs to the anti-Victorian reaction and had post-Romantic roots, and as such anticipates modernism.It took place in the late Victorian period from around 1868 to 1901, and is generally considered to have ended with the trial of Oscar Wilde.Stream-of-consciousness（名词解释）The “stream ofconsciousness” is a psychological term indicating “the flux of conscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any given time independently of the person’s will”.
第四篇：意象诗以及文学术语
诗歌意象的艺术审美
1913年，意象派杂志《诗刊》３月号发表了由弗林特（F．S．Flint）执笔的《意象主义》（“Imagisme”），这被称为“意象主义宣言”的文章中规定了诗歌创作的三个基本原则，即：（１）直接处理无论主观或客观的“事物”；（２）绝对不用任何无益于表达的词；（３）至于节奏，要用连续的音乐性语言，而不受节拍的束缚。
意象派诗歌在创作中表现出的鲜明的艺术特征主要有三点。
第一，意象派要求诗歌直接呈现能传达情意的意象，以雕塑和绘画的手法表现意象，反对音乐性和神秘性的抒情诗，提出“不要说”“不要夹叙夹议”，只展现而不加评论。庞德概括意象诗的定义为：“意象是在一瞬间呈现出的理性和感情的复合体。” 如艾米的代表作《中年》：“仿佛是黑冰，/被无知的溜冰者，/划满了不可解的漩涡纹，/这就是我的心被磨钝了的表面。”诗歌在 “黑冰”“漩涡纹”“磨钝了的表面”等意象的显示中，瞬间传递出只可意会、不能言传的诗人对人到中年茫然无奈的内心感受。
第二，意象派诗歌的语言简洁明了，不用没有意义的形容词、修饰语，去掉装饰性的花边，反对卖弄词藻，诗行短小，意象之间具有跳跃性。”如庞德作为意象派诗歌的里程碑式作品《地铁车站》:
In a Station of t he Metro
The apparition of these faces in the crowd;
人群中这些面孔幽灵一般显现,Petals on a wet, black bough.湿漉漉的黑色枝条上的许多花瓣。(杜运燮译)。
作者把诗中面孔与花瓣这两个意象联系起来, 用最为简洁精炼的语言去捕捉事物的形象,了了数语便勾勒出一幅意象鲜明的画面。再从选词角度来看,《地铁站里》全文没有一个动词和多余的语法链接,仅仅利用景物的排列及介词的使用便表现出丰富的动态形象。
再如美国著名意象派诗人威廉斯的《红色手推车》：“很多事情/全靠/一辆红色/小车/被雨淋得晶亮/傍着几只/白鸽。”简洁清新的诗行，将美国普通人对中产阶级生活的向往一目了然地传达了出来，以至诗歌被许多家庭主妇背诵吟唱。
第三，意象派诗歌注重意象组合的内在韵律与节奏，将意象与所蕴含的思想情感融成一体。主张按语言的音乐性写诗，反对按固定音步写诗，认为均匀的格律诗是等时性的、起催眠作用的“节拍器”。意象派诗人卡尔·桑德堡的《雾》是美国家喻户晓的诗歌代表作《, 雾》有属于它的独特的音乐感。
《雾》(Fog)
The fog comes
雾来了,on little cat feet.踮着猫的脚步。
It sits looking
他弓起腰蹲着,over harbor and city
静静地俯视
on silent haunches.海港和城市,and then moves on.又再往前走。(赵毅衡译)
意象派诗不讲规则，接近自由体诗。他们主张诗歌音乐性要自然，要注重事物内在的韵律、节奏。这在英语国家中起了推广自由诗的作用。
Puritanism：
Puritanism refers to the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.The Puritans want to purify their religious beliefs and advocate highly religious and moral principles.They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and limited atonement.As a cultural heritage, Puritanism did have a profound influence on American literature.American Romanticism:
The Romantic period covers the first half of the 19th century.A rising America with its ideals of democracy and equality, its industrialization, its westward expansion, and a variety of foreign influences made literary expansion possible following the nation’s political independence.Romanticism shares certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in value of individualism and intuitive perception and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s society a source of corruption.Transcendentalism:
The major features of T can be summarized as follows:
1)the transcendentalist placed emphasis of spirit, or the Over Soul, as the most important thing in the universe;
2)They stressed importance of the individual;
3)They offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit of God.Transcendentalism was important to American literature.It inspired a whole new generation of famous authors such as Emerson, Thoreauand Hawthorne.Imagism：
It’s a poetic movement of England and the U.S.flourished from 1909 to 1917.The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by the direct treatment of the thing and the economy of wording.The leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell.Allegory：
A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities.An allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.unit 1 Benjiemin Franklin
unit 2 Edgar Alan Poe
unit 4 Nathaniel Hawthorne
unit 8 Mark Twain
unit14 Fizgerald
unit 15 William Faulkner
uint16 Ernest Hemingway
unti 26 Toni Morrison
American Poets：Dickinson，Ezra Pound，Longfellow，Robert Frost，Whitman
文学术语
第五篇：新闻词汇与术语
新闻词汇与术语
ABM = anti-ballistic missile 反弹道导弹 abortive coup attempt 未遂政变absent trial / absent voting 缺席审判/缺席投票absolute majority 绝对多数abstain from voting 弃权 abuse of power for personal gain 以权谋私
academia 学术界 academic career 学历，学业 academician 院士
Academy Award 奥斯卡金像奖 academy of science 科学院
accredited journalist 特派记者 acquit / be acquitted 宣告无罪 / 无罪释放acting president 代总统 active capital 流动资本 active substance 放射性物质active trade balance 顺差 activist 活跃分子 administration party 执政党
admit the best examinee 择优录取 adverse trade balance 逆差 advisory body 顾问团after-sale service 售后服务 air crash 飞机失事 album 专辑 allied powers 同盟国all-out ban 全面禁止 all-round title 全能冠军 alumnus(复数: alumni)校友amendment 修正案，附加条款amicable relations 友好关系 amnesty 特赦anarchy 无政府状态 animal year 本命年 anti-corruption 反腐败
anti-robbery bell 防盗铃
apartheid 种族隔离 appropriate authorities 有关当局 arch-foe 主要的劲敌armed intervention 武装干涉 arm-twisting 施加压力 arson 放火，纵火assembly hall 会议厅 assembly line 生产流水线 assembly man 议员，装配工
assistant secretary（美）助理部长 assistant secretary of state（美）助理国务卿attaché 专员，（外交使团的）随员 audience rating 收视率 audiophile 音乐发烧友authoritative information 官方消息 authoritative source 权威人士
autonomous region / prefecture 自治区 / 州 axis power 轴心国
bachelor mother 未婚母亲 background briefing 吹风会，背景情况介绍会bacteria 细菌 bail 保释，保释金 ballot 选票，投票 bank book 银行存折bank failure 银行倒闭 bar code 条形码 bargain price 廉价
be responsible for one’s own profit and loss 自负盈亏
be honest in performing one’s official duties 廉洁奉公
beeper BP机 behind-the-scene maneuvering 幕后操纵 benefit concert 义演音乐会best supporting actress award 最佳女配角 bid up price 哄抬物价
big gun 有势力的人，名人
big lie 大骗局 bistro 夜总会 black box 测谎器 black market price 黑市价blanket ballot 全面选举 blast 爆炸blind alley 死胡同 blockade 封锁
bloodless coup 不流血政变 Blue Berets 蓝盔部队 bluff diplomacy 恫吓外交bombard 轰炸，炮击 boom（经济）繁荣，兴旺 borrower 债方
botanical garden 植物园
bottle up 抑制 bottom out 走出低谷 box office returns 票房收入
box office smash 卖座率高的演出 boycott 联合抵制 brain drain 人才流失brain gain 人才引进 brain trust 智囊团 brawn drain 劳工外流
bread-and-butter letter 感谢信 bribery 行贿 bubble economy 泡沫经济bureaucracy 官僚主义 bureaucrat 官倒 cabinet lineup 内阁阵容
cabinet re-shuffle 内阁改组 cable car 缆车 cable-stay bridge 斜拉桥 cadre 干部cafeteria 自助餐厅 calamity 灾难 campaign against porns 扫黄运动
candidate for exam 考生 cargo handling capacity 货物吞吐量 carnival 狂欢节casualty 遇难者，伤亡人员 catch phrase 口头禅，口号 ceasefire 停火
ceiling price 最高限价 celebrity 知名人士 cellular phone 移动电话，大哥大censure vote 不信任投票 census 人口普查 ceremonial usherette 迎宾小姐
chamber concert 室内音乐会 charity 慈善组织
chartered plane 包机 china hand 中国通
China’s actual conditions 中国国情 Chinese descendant in America 美籍华裔cholesterol 胆固醇 civil servant 公务员 civilian平民 classroom boycott 罢课climbout 经济复苏 closing address 闭幕辞 cloverleaf intersection 立交桥
comfortably-off level 小康水平commuter 乘车上班族 complains box 意见箱computernik 电脑迷 condominium（condo）社区式的一个住宅单元
condolence 慰问，吊唁 conducted tour 团体旅游 confiscate 没收，充公
conscience forum 道德法庭 conscription 征兵，入伍 conservative party 保守党construction of a clean government 廉政建设 convenience food 方便食品
corruption reporting center 举报中心 countdown 倒计时 county magistrate 县长cramming system 填鸭式教学法 crash program 应急计划 criminal law 刑法
crude oil 原油 cultural undertakings 文化事业 curfew 宵禁 curriculum vitae 履历表curtain call 谢幕 daily necessities 日用品 daily turnover 日成交量 dan（围棋的）段deadlock 僵局 death toll 死亡人数，死亡率 defendant 被告 deli(catessen)熟食 dictatorship 独裁 disaster-hit area 灾区 disc jockey DJ dissolve 解散
division chief 处长，科长 doctorial tutor 博士生导师 door money 入场费
dove 主和派，鸽派 duet 二重唱
Duma（俄）杜马，俄罗斯议会 dux 学习标兵，学习尖子
economic sanction 经济制裁 economic take-off 经济腾飞 El Nino 厄尔尼诺现象electric power 电力 eliminate 淘汰 embargo 禁运 en route to 在……途中
enlisted man 现役军人 epidemic 流行病 exclusive interview 独家采访
exposition/expo 博览会 face-to-face talk 会晤 fairplay trophy 风格奖
family planning 计划生育 flea market 跳蚤市场
flying squad 飞虎队 frame-up 诬陷，假案
front page 头条 front row seat 首席记者 full house 满座
gear…to the international conventions 把…与国际接轨
grass widow / widower 留守女士 / 留守男士 guest of honor 贵宾
guest team / home team 客队 / 主队 hawk 主战派，鹰派 heroin 海洛因
highlights and sidelights要闻与花絮 his-and-hers watches情侣表
hit parade 流行歌曲排行榜
hit product 拳头产品 hit-and-runner 肇事后逃走者Hong Kong compatriot 香港同胞honor guard 仪仗队 hostage 人质 housing reform 住房改革 hypermedia 多媒体ideology 意识形态 idle money 闲散资金 in another related development 另据报道incumbent mayor 现任市长 info-highway 信息高速公路 in-service training 在职训练inspector-general 总监 interim government 过渡政府 invitation meet 邀请赛judo 柔道 karate 空手道 kiosk 小卖部 knock-out system 淘汰制
knowledge economy 知识经济 ksei 棋圣 laid-off 下岗 leading actor 男主角lease 租约，租期 man of mark 名人，要人
manuscript原稿，脚本 marriage lines 结婚证书
master key 万能钥匙 medium 媒体，媒介 mercy killing 安乐死 moped 助力车Moslem 穆斯林 multimedia 多媒体 music cafe 音乐茶座 national anthem 国歌
negative vote 反对票 nest egg 私房钱 news agency 通讯社 news briefing 新闻发布会news conference 记者招待会 news flash 短讯，快讯 nominee 候选人 notions 小商品null and void 无效的 off-hour hobby 业余爱好 off-the-job training 脱产培训
on standby 待命 on-the-job training 在职培训 on-the-spot broadcasting 现场直播opinion poll 民意测验 overpass（人行）天桥 overseas student 留学生
overture 序曲 overwhelming majority 压倒性多数 palm phone 大哥大
parliament 国会 passerby 过路人 pay-to-the-driver bus 无人售票车
peaceful co-existence 和平共处 peace-keeping force 维和部队
peak viewing time 黄金时间
pedestrian 行人 pension insurance 养老保险 Pentagon 五角大楼 perk额外津贴PM = prime minister 首相，总理 politburo 政治局 poor box 济贫箱 pope 教皇pose for a group photo 集体合影留念 poverty-stricken area 贫困地区
power failure 断电，停电 premiere 首映，初次公演 press briefing 新闻发布会
press corps 记者团 press spokesman 新闻发言人 prize-awarding ceremony 颁奖仪式professional escort “三陪”服务 profiteer 投机倒把者 protocol 草案，协议
puberty 青春期 public servant 公务员 questionnaire 调查表
quick-frozen food 速冻食品 quiz game 智力竞赛 racial discrimination 种族歧视 rapport 默契 reciprocal visits 互访
recital 独唱会，独奏会 red-carpet welcome 隆重欢迎 red-hot news 最新消息red-letter day 大喜之日 redundant 下岗人员 re-employment 再就业
rep = representative 代表 rip off 宰客 senate 参议院 tenure of office 任职期the other man / woman 第三者 top news 头条新闻 tornado 龙卷风
tour de force 代表作 township enterprises 乡镇企业 township head 乡长
traffic tie-up 交通瘫痪 truce 停火，休战 trustee 董事 two-day dayoffs 双休日tycoon 巨富 umpire 裁判 V.D.= venereal disease 性病 vaccine 疫苗
vehicle-free promenade 步行街 vote down 否决 well-off level 小康水平
well-to-do level 小康水平Who's Who 名人录 working couple 双职工
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