第一篇：英语专业八级考试 人文知识 国家概况小测
英语专业八级考试 人文知识 国家概况小测(1)
(U.S.，Canada，Australia)
班级：_______ 姓名：_______ 学号：_______ 成绩：_______
1.In terms of population _______ is the D.Philadelphia.largest state in America A.Alaska B.California C.Wyoming D.Florida
2.In the following rivers, _______ has been called the American Ruhr A.the Mississippi B.the Missouri C.the Hudson D.the Ohio
3.The theme of Thanksgiving Day is _______ A.friendship and rich award B.love and happiness C.happiness and peace D.peace and plenty
4.U.S.presidents normally serve a(an)_________term.A.two-year B.four-year
C.six-year D.eight-year
5.Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.? A.Huston.B.Boston.C.Baltimore.6.The Declaration of Independence was written by
A.Thomas Jefferson B.George Washington C.Alexander Hamilton D.James Madison
7.The symbol of the U.S.Republic Party is _______ A.elephant B.eagle C.donkey D.hawk
8.The President of the United States is head of the _______ branch.A.executive B.judicial C.legislative D.information
9.In the U.S., constitutional amendment can go into effect after it is approved by _______
A.a two-thirds vote of both houses B.three-fourths of the states C.two-thirds of the states D.half of the states
10.The Truman Doctrine was directed against _______ A.Nazi fascism B.communism C.Japan D.the “free world”
11.Which degree is offered in community colleges in the United States? A.Master’s degree B.Doctor's degree C.Bachelor's degree D.Associate's degree
12.The Presidents during the American Civil War was A.Andrew Jackson B.Abraham Lincoln C.Thomas Jefferson D.George Washington
13.Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.? A.Huston.B.Boston.C.Baltimore.D.Philadelphia.14.The second largest state of the U.S.is A.Texas.B.Alaska.C.California.D.Hawaii.15.The backbone of North American refers to the
A.Appalachian Mountains.B.Rocky Mountains.C.Cascade Mountains.D.Sierra Nevada Mountains.16.In American, the three biggest newspapers are of the following except A.New York Times B.Reader’s Digest C.Washington Post D.Los Angels Times
17.Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States? A.Baseball B.Tennis
C.Basketball
D.American football
18.The leading _______ state in the United States is Wisconsin.A.Wheat B.Rice C.Dairy D.Maize
19.Compared with the other racial and ethnic minority groups, _______ lead a relatively better-off life in the US.A.the blacks
B.the Asian Americans C.the Indians D.the Hispanics
20.According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in_______
A.the Federal Government B.the Supreme Court C.the Cabinet
D.the Congress
21.The two principal river systems in Canada are the Mackenzie and _______ A.the Great Lakes B.the St.Lawrence C.the Hudson River D.the Saskatchewan River
22.The Canada Day is celebrated on _______ which is the National Day of Canada A.June 1st B.July 1st C.August 1st D.September 1st
23.Indigenous peoples, who are the first settlers of Canada, make up about 3 percent of the Canadian people.They are _______ A.Indians and Africans B.Aborigines and Indians C.Eskimos and Aborigines D.American Indians and Inuit
24._______ is the second largest religion in Canada A.Luther Church B.Christianity C.Roman Catholic D.Baptist Church
25.Canada is the world’s largest producer of _______ A.potash B.zinc C.iron ore
D.nickel
26.In Canada the federal governments have
always been formed by _______
A.the Liberal Party
B.the Progressive Conservative Party
C.either the Liberal Party or the Progressive Consecutive Party
D.both the Liberal Party and the Progressive Consecutive Party
27.The largest city in Canada is_______ A.Vancouver B.Montreal C.Toronto D.Ottawa
28.To override the President’s veto, the US Congress must have a _______ majority.A.3/4 B.2/3 C.1/2 D.3/5
29.The Head of State of Canada is represented by A.the Monarch B.the President
C.the Prime Minister D.the Governor-general
30.______ is the capital city of Canada.A.Vancouver
B.Ottawa C.Montreal D.York
31._______ is the largest city in Australia with a population of 3.6 million A.Sydney B.Melbourne C.Brisbane D.Perth
32.Australia is politically divided into _______ states and _______ territories A.six/ three B.six/ two C.five/ three D.five/ two
33.The city of _______, which was formerly known as Port Jackson, is the place of the earliest colonial settlement in Australia.A.Melbourne B.Sydney C.Perth D.Darwin
34.According to statistics, _______ employer in Australia is the manufacturing industry.A.the fourth largest B.the third largest C.the second largest D.the largest
35.Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers? A.The Aborigines B.The Maori C.The Indians D.The Eskimos
36.The first city ever founded in Canada is A.Quebec.B.Vancouver.C.Toronto.D.Montreal.37.When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? A.1770.B.1788.C.1900.D.1901.38.The most important economic activity in Canada is _______ A.mining B.fishing C.farming
D.manufacturing
39.The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S.was issued by A.Abraham Lincoln.B.Thomas Paine.C.George Washington.D.Thomas Jefferson.40.The origin of most Canadians is A.The Eskimos.B.Indians.C.British.D.French.1-5 BDDBA 6-10AAABB 11-15DBAAB 16-20BACBD 21-25BADBA 26-30CCBDB 31要改成Sidney 31-35ABBCA 36-40ADDAC 5
第二篇：英语专业八级人文知识技巧
专八考来考去就这些东西，背就行了。来源： 張靖涵✎︷Casper的日志
1.A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2.Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation.音位学;在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学
3.Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科
4.Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学
5.acronym: 首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼，但VOA是 Initialism。
6.Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power.换喻或转喻，一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美==或用剑代替军事力量，对面来了三个“红领巾”也是，以红领巾指代少先队员。
7.Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced bylike oras, as inHow like the winter hath my absence been orSo are you to my thoughts as food to life(Shakespeare).明喻, 一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较，通常在由 like或 as引导的短语中，如 “我的离开好象是冬天来临”或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”（莎士比亚）
8.Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as ina sea of troubles or All the world's a stage(Shakespeare)隐喻一种语言表达手法，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示它们之间的相似之处，如 “忧愁之海”或“整个世界一台戏”(莎士比亚)the ship of desert 沙漠之舟
9.Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist.矛盾修饰法, 一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法，如在 震耳欲聋的沉默和悲伤的乐观cruel kindness
10.The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben.11.John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost.Paradise Regained was also written by him.12.Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes.十四行诗体, 一种由十四行组成的诗歌形式，通常有一种传统的押韵形式, 莎士比亚用过此诗体。
13.Slang: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect.俚语主要出现在非正式的、游戏性的话语中的一种语言，基本由存在时间很短的派生词和修辞构成，它们被故意地用来取代标准的词语以达到生动、幽默、无礼或其它效果
14.Catch Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan for a group or movement.警句，妙句，吸引人的词句广泛使用的或流行的用语，尤指用作集团或运动的口号的用语。
15.Jargon: The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group.行话, 一个行业、职业或类似的团体中使用的专业的或技术的语言.terminology
16.Platitude: A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or significant.陈腔滥调, 陈腐的或平庸的评论或陈述，尤指某人表述它时好象它是新颖的或有意义的17.Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as inI could sleep for a year orThis book weighs a ton.夸张法,一种比喻，使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果，比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重
18.onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words such asbuzz ormurmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.象声词, 词的构成或用法，例如 buzz或 nurmur模仿事物或行动的声音.19.hypotaxis: 从属关系
20.parataxis: 并列结构，指 短语或分句间不用连词，如：I came, I saw, I conquered.21.Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition.超验主义, 一种文学和哲学运动，与拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生和玛格丽特•富勒有关，宣称存在一种理想的精神实体，超越于经验和科学之处，通过直觉得以把握
22.Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter.美国
23.Morphology: The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds.词法，词态学，形态音位学, 语言或某一语言中对于单词的结构和形式的研究，包括词尾变化、派生和合成词的构成24.affricate: A complex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant辅音 followed by a fricative摩擦;for example, the initial sounds ofchild andjoy.塞擦音由闭塞音伴随着摩擦音而形成的复杂的语音；例如 child和 joy的第一个音Also called: affricative.25.Vanity Fair 名利场 was written William Makepeace Thackray
26.Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon.Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins
尼尔．阿姆斯特朗、埃德温．奥尔德林、迈克尔．柯林斯
27.The title of the national anthem 国歌 of Canada is O Canada.此种类型
题同学们可自己多找几个国家。
28.Henry David Thoreau’s work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.29.etymology: the history of a word.词源学
30.The dominant accent in the United States is General American.除纽约市、南方、新英格兰
31.John Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles 披头士或甲壳虫乐队in the 1960s.32.In Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect society.有理智和人性的马 Houyhnhnms are horses in fact.33.Ceoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth century.34.morpheme: A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such asman, or a word element, such as-ed inwalked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts.词素, 一种含有一个单词的有意义的语言单位，如-ed在单词 walked中，不能被划分为更小的有意义单位
35.The name of the famous stadium露天体育场 in the north of London is Wembley.36.Wimbledon温布尔登[英国英格兰东南部城市](位于伦敦附近, 是著名的国际网球比赛地)
37.Toad in the hole is a Traditional English recipe食谱, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of England.烤面拖牛肉，面拖烤香肠
38.Boycott: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（强制）.联合抵制, 联合起来拒绝使用、购买或经销以示抗议、不满或作为强制的手段
39.Segregation: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white society.种族隔离, 强制实行种族的社会分离政策及实践，如在学校、居住和工业中，尤指在白人居多的社会中实行有色人种歧视的政策
40.Apartheid: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against nonwhites.种族隔离制, 南非共和国实行的一种官方的种族隔离政策，包括在政治、法律和经济诸方面对非白色人种的歧视.41.Integration: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization;desegregation.种族或宗教融合, 在社会或组织中，使不同的种族或宗教派别的人处于无限制的平等的关系中；取消种族隔离
42.The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec.43.Sir Thomas More coined the word “Utopia”, it means nowhere land in Greek.44.The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit.45.Phoneme: any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in
a language that distinguish one word from another 音位，音素, 语言中最小的语音单位，如英语里 mat中的 m和 bat中的 b
46.polysemy: 一词多义
47.patron saint：保护圣徒, 守护神
48.Parentese: 父母语
49.back formation: 逆构词 脱落一词的词缀以构成新词 typewriter → typewrite
50.allomorph: Any of the variant forms of a morpheme.For example, the phonetic s ofcats, z of dogs, and z ofhorses and theen ofoxen are allomorphs of the English plural morpheme.语素变体, 语素的一种变体形式，如语音学的中之 s在 cats中，z在 dogs中，和 iz在 horses中，还有 en在 oxen中都是英语复数语素的语素变体.
第三篇：英语专业八级人文知识练习题：美国文学
1.The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ____
A Jack London
B Charles Dickens
C Samuel Coleridge
D Ernest Hemingway
2.In which novel can “Yahoo” be found?
A John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress
B Edmund Spencer's The Faerie Queen
C Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels
D Henry Fielding's Tom Jones
3.The Catcher in the Rye is written by ____
A J.D.Salinger
B Jack London
C Flannery O'Connor
D Saul Bellow
4.The image of the famous “henpecked husband” is created by____
A Washington Irving
B Fennimore Cooper
C Edith Wharton
D William Dean Howells
5.The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to be ____
A O'Neil
B Pound
C Robert Frost
D Scott Fitzgerald
6.____ is the most important person of the transcendental club.A Hawthorn
B Whitman
C Emerson
D Hemingway
7.The main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following except____
A fridendship
B love and marriage
C life and death
D war and peace
8.Robert Frost is a famous ____
A novelist
B playwright
C poet
D literary critic
9.Dover Beach is written by ____
A Robert Browning
B Alfred Tennyson
C Mathew Arnold
D Dylan Thomas
10.The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as the ____ in the literary history of the United States.A Age of Realism
B Age of Clasicalism
C Age of Romanticism
D Age of Renaissance
答案及解析:
1.D 《老人与海》是海明威的作品。
2.C Jonathan Swift的Gulliver's Travels(《格列弗游记》)中yahoo暗指人类，集人类丑陋面于一身，服务于动物的一类生物。
3.A The Catcher in the Rye(《麦田里的守望者》)是J.D.Salinger(J.D.赛琳格)的名著。
4.A henpecked husband 是指“怕老婆的男人”，改典型形象出自Washington Irving 的Rip Van Winkle。
5.D 二十世纪出现Jazz Age，这一代的年轻人物欲膨胀，沉迷酒色。Scott Fitzgerald的 Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》根据时代特征，对深深讽刺了所谓的美国梦。
6.C Emerson是超验主义的重要代表，所著Nature《论自然》代表了他的哲学观。
7.D Emily Dickinson(1709-1784)，美国女诗人，终生未嫁。主要诗歌包括：I Could Not Sto for Death还有，I'm Nobody.Who Are You?
诗歌主题为：爱情，自然，友谊，死亡与不朽。
8.C Robert Frost是十九世纪的美国诗人，后因父亲过世已经英国，在新英格兰享有很高名望。主要作品有：The Road Not Taken，Mending Wall。
9.C Dover Beach(《多弗的海滩》)是Mathew Arnold 的作品。
10.A 1865-1914，也就是美国内战结束之后，第一次世界大战爆发之前。这个时候涌现的作家，比如Mark Twain刻画出美国经济政治发展引发的社会现实问题，包括“Gold Rush”。
第四篇：2009年英语专业八级考试人文知识真题及答案
2009年英语专业八级考试人文知识真题及答案
31.The Head of State of New Zealand is ______.A.the governor-generalB.the Prime Minister
C.the high commissioner
D.the monarch of United Kingdom
32.The capital of Scotland is ______.A.GlasgowB.Edinburgh
C.ManchesterD.London
33.Who write the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S.President ?
A.Thomas JeffersonB.George Washington
C.Thomas PaineD.John Adams
34.Which is the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia ?
A.PerthB.Adelaide
C.SydneyD.Melbourne
35.Ode to the West Wind was written by ______.A.Willian BlakeB.Willian Wordsworth
C.Samuel Taylor Coleridege
D.Percy Bysshe Shelley
36.Who among the following is a poet of free verse ?
A.Ralph Waldo EmersonB.Walt Whitman
C.Herman MelvilleD.Theodore Dreiser
37.The novel Sons and Lovers was written by ______.A.Thomas HardyB.John Galworhty
C.D.H.LawrenceD.James Joyce
38.The sstudy of mental processes of language comprehension and production is ______.A.corpus linguisticsB.socialinguistics
C.theoretical linguisticsD.psycholinguistics
39.A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called ______.A.dialectB.idiolectC.pidginD.register
40.When a speake expresses his intension of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing ______.A.an illocutionary actB.a perlocutionary act
C.a locutionary actD.none of the above
Key:31-35 DBACD
36-40 BCDCA
2008年英语专业八级考试人文知识真题及答案
PART IIIGENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)
There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best
answer to each question.Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet
31.The largest city in Canada is_______.A.Vancouver.B.Montreal.C.TorontoD.Ottawa.32.According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in________.A.the Federal Government.B.the Supreme Court.C.the Cabinet.D.the Congress.33.Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?
A.Baseball.B.Tennis.C.Basketball.D.American football.34.The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is__________.A.the President.B.the Governor-General.C.the British monarchD.the Prime Minister.35.The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by__________.A.William Langland.B.Geoffrey Chaucer.C.William Shakespeare.D.Alfred Tennyson.36.Who wrote The American?
A.Herman Melville.B.Nathaniel Hawthorne.C.Henry James.D.Theodore Dreiser.37.All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT_____.A.George Eliot.B.Iris Jean Murdoch.C.Doris Lessing.D.Muriel Spark.38.Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?
A.Arbitrariness.B.Displacement.C.Duality.D.Diachronicity.39.What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?
A.A simple sentence.B.A coordinate sentence.C.A complex sentence.D.None of the above.40.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called______.A.hyponymy.B.synonymy.C.polysemy.D.homonymy.Key：31-35 BCADB
36-40 CDACD
07专八参考答案（人文部分）
资料出处：王迈迈英语
（）
PART IIIGENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)
There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answers to each question.Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31.The majority of the current population in the UK are descendants of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT_____.A.the AnglosB.the Celts
C.the JutesD.the Saxons
32.The Head of State of Canada is represented by___.A.the MonarchB.the President
C.the Prime MinisterD.the Governor-general
33.The Declaration of Independence was written by__.A.Thomas JeffersonB.George Washington
C.Alexander HamiltonD.James Madison
34.The original inhabitants of Australia were____.A.the Red IndiansB.the Eskimos
C.the AboriginesD.the Maoris
35.Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?
A.Oliver TwistB.Middlemarch
C.Jane EyreD.Wuthering Heights
36.William Butler Yeats was a(n)______ poet and playwright.A.AmericanB.Canadian
C.IrishD.Australian
37.Death of a Salesman was written by_____.A.Arthur MillerB.Ernest Hemingway
C.Ralph EllisonD.James Baldwin
38._______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.A.PhonologyB.Morphology
C.SemanticsD.Sociolinguistics
39.The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT_____.A.lexicalB.syntactic
C.phonologicalD.psycholinguistic
40.The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of_____.A.widening of meaningB.narrowing of meaningC.meaning shift
D.loss of meaning
Key:
CDACDCABDA
2006年专业八级真题及答案-人文知识
资料出处：王迈迈英语
（http:///Article/web06/test03/2006-03-09/3490.）
PART IIIGENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)
There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answers to each question.Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31.The Presidents during the American Civil War was_____.A.Andrew JacksonB.Abraham Lincoln
C.Thomas JeffersonD.George Washington
32.The capital of New Zealand is_____.A.ChristchurchB.Auckland
C.WellingtonD.Hamilton
33.Who were the natives of Austrilia before the arrival of the British settlers?
A.The AboriginesB.The Maori
C.The IndiansD.The Eskimos
34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head of_____.A.the Shadow CabinetB.the Parliament
C.the OppositionD.the Cabinet
35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?
A.T.S.EliotB.D.H.Lawrence
C.Theodore DreiserD.James Joyce
36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by___.A.Scott FitzgeraldB.William Faulkner
C.Eugene O'NeilD.Ernest Hemingway
37._____ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.A.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram
38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_____.A.referenceB.meaning
C.antonymyD.context
39.The words“kid,child,offspring” are examples of__.A.dialectal synonymsB.stylistic synonyms
C.emotive synonymsD.collocational synonyms
40.The distinction between parole and langue was made by_____.A.HalliayB.Chomsky
C.BloomfieldD.Saussure
Key：
31-35BCADA36-40 DBDBD
2005年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案
1.The study of __ is Syntax.A textual organizationB sentence structures
C word formationD language functions
2.Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?
AarbitrarinessBproductivity
Ccultural transmissionDfiniteness
3.The speech act theory was first put forward by__.AJohn ScarlBJohan Austin
CNoarn ChomskyDM.A.K Halliday
4.The capital city of Canada is __.AMontrealBOttawa
CVancouverDYork
5.U.S.presidents normally serve a(an)__ term.Aeight-yearBfour-year
Csix-yearDtwo year
6.Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.AHustonBBaltimore
CPhiladelphiaDBoston
7.The state church in England is __.AThe BaptistBThe Roman Catholic
CThe Protestant Church
DThe Church of England
8.The novel Emma is written by__.AJane AustenBElizabeth
CGaskell C Charlotte Bronte
DMary Shelley
9.Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?
AWilliam Wordsworth
BPercy B.Shelley
CGeorge G.ByronDGeorge Eliot
10.William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for __.Ahis poemBhis plays
CHis novelsDhis short stories
KEYS: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD
第五篇：专业英语八级人文知识
英国文学
一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066）
1、贝奥武夫
2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父
二、中古英语时期的英国文学
1、allegory体非常盛行
2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度
3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士
4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》
5、乔叟 坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体）
6、托马斯.马洛礼 《亚瑟王之死》
三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪）
1、托马斯.莫尔 《乌托邦》
2、Thomas Wyatt 和 Henry Howard引入sonnet
3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》 《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱
4、斯宾塞 《仙后》 诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节；
5、莎士比亚：
长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》 四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白
7、本.琼森 风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》
8、约翰.多恩 “玄学派”诗歌创始人
9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣
10、弗朗西斯.培根 现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一 《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑 《学术的推进》和《新工具》
四、启蒙时期（18世纪）
1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》
2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory
3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人； 《论戏剧诗》
4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作
5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物 《墓园挽歌》
6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌；
7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人；
8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》
9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满；
10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》；
11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史；
12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。安德鲁》；《汤姆.琼斯》，英国现实主义小说的最高成就；
13、劳伦斯、斯特恩：感伤主义小说的杰出代表，《项狄传》，第一部开创了意识流小说的先驱之作品；《感伤的旅行》
14、Oliver Goldsmith：《好心人》；《屈伸求爱》；《威客菲尔德牧师传》，感伤主义文学；
诗歌《荒村》从新古典主义向浪漫主义过渡的标志； 散文作品《世界公民》；
15、谢里丹：《造谣学校》，莎士比亚之后最杰出的英国喜剧，是整个英国史上最优秀的作品之一；达到英国“风俗喜剧”之巅；
五、维多利亚时期的英国文学（19世纪）
1、威廉、华兹华斯：桂冠诗人；《独自云游》《孤独的割麦女》 《抒情歌谣集》最杰出的诗篇； 《序曲》；
2、柯勒律治：《古舟子咏》《忽必烈汗》《克里斯贝尔》
3、骚赛：桂冠诗人；《Thalaba the destroyer》是骚赛最重要的长篇史诗之一；另一各是《格拉玛的诅咒》
4、乔治、戈登、拜伦：《唐璜》
5、雪莱：《阿多尼》，悼念济慈，英国史上最杰出的挽歌之一；
《西风颂》、《解放了的普罗米修斯》《致云雀》《诗辩》(A defence of poetry)；
6、约翰、济慈：《圣。阿格尼斯节前夕》是使人最杰出的作品之一； 许多颂歌：《秋颂》《夜莺颂》《希腊古翁颂》
7、阿尔弗雷德、丁尼生：《Break，break，break，》；《公主》； 《悼念In memoriam》英国史上最优秀的挽歌之一;
8、罗伯特、布朗宁：首创dramatic monologue； 《环与树》英国19世纪最杰出的长诗之一；
9、伊丽莎白、布朗宁：《孩子们的哭声》；
10、托马斯、昆西：《一个抽鸦片人的独白》，对詹姆斯、乔伊斯和T.S 艾略特产生一定影响；
11、沃尔特、司各特：历史小说之父；
12、简、奥斯汀
13、勃朗特三姐妹
14、乔治、艾略特：原名玛丽安、伊万斯；19世界现实主义小说的杰出代表，同时是多产且学识渊博的作家；《亚当、比的》、《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》《织工马南》《米德尔马契》
15、盖斯凯尔夫人：《玛丽 巴顿》；《夏洛蒂 勃朗特传》
16、查尔斯、狄更斯：
乐观时期：《波兹特写》《匹克维克外传》《雾都孤儿》《老古玩店》； 不乐观时期：《美国札记》《董贝父子》《大卫科波菲尔》 后期：《荒凉山庄》《艰难时事》《双城记》《远大前程》
17、萨克雷：《名利场》《亨利 埃斯蒙德》《纽克母一家》
18、托马斯、哈代：《远离尘嚣》《还乡》《喀斯特桥市长》《威塞克斯故事集》 《列王》the dynasts:哈代思想艺术集大成之作
19、约瑟夫、路德亚林、吉普林(Joseph Rudyard Kipling)1907年诺贝尔文学奖； 20：约瑟夫、康拉德：《黑暗的心》 21：奥斯卡、王尔德
六、20世纪的英国文学
1、愤怒的青年：金斯利、埃米斯（幸运儿吉姆）；艾伦、西里脱（星期六晚上和星期天早上）；约翰、奥斯本（愤怒的回顾）；
2、叶芝：爱尔兰使人 《芦苇的风》《库尔的野天鹅》《驶向拜占庭》
3、John Galsworthy：《福尔赛世家》三部曲the man of property;in chancery;to let;
4、Herbert George wells：现代科幻小说：modern science fiction的鼻祖；《时间机器》
5、Arnold Bennett: 贝内特是现实主义小说家，《老妇谭》是20世纪英国小说的一部经典作品；
6、毛姆：《人生的枷锁》
7、Henry James，现代主义小说的先行者，承上启下的人物；
小说评论集：《小说的艺术》； 《黛西.米勒》
8、劳伦斯
9、詹姆斯、奥古斯汀、乔伊斯：
《都柏林人》《一个青年艺术家的画像》《芬尼根守灵夜》《尤利西斯》，全世界范围内意识流创作的最高成就和传世之作；
10、弗吉尼亚、伍尔夫：《雅各布的房间》《到灯塔去》《浪》；
11、E.M．Forster: 《通往印度之路》
12、萧伯纳：《易卜生主义的精华》
《鳏夫的房产》《华伦夫人的职业》《英国佬的另一个岛》《圣女贞德》《皮格马利翁》
13、Willian Golding：1983诺贝尔文学奖，《蝇王》；
14、约翰、福尔斯：《法国中尉的女人》；
15、Samuel Beckett塞缪尔 贝克特：1969诺贝尔文学奖获得者，《等待戈多》；《残局》；
16、哈罗德 品特：萧伯纳之后英国最重要的剧作家，2005年诺贝尔文学奖得住； 《看管人》《送菜升降机》《背叛》
17、ＴＳ艾略特
18、塞、戴、刘易斯：1968获桂冠诗人；
19、飞利浦、拉金：运动派诗人的领袖；
美国文学：
一、殖民地时期的美国文学
1、约翰 史密斯：美国文学的第一个作家，《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》；
2、纳撒尼尔 沃德：《北美的阿格瓦姆鞋匠》，北美讽刺文学第一笔；
3、威廉 布拉德福德：美国历史之父，《普利茅斯种植园史》
4、安妮、布拉德斯特利特 《第十个缪斯》
5、迈克尔 威格尔斯沃斯
6、爱德华 泰勒 长诗《上帝对其选民有影响的决定》
7、乔纳森 爱德华兹：大觉醒运动中主要的思想家；
二、南北战争时期的美国文学（）
1、富兰克林
2、托马斯、潘恩：《长诗》
3、托马斯、杰弗逊：《独立宣言》
4、约翰、伍尔曼：《日记》
5、飞利浦、弗瑞诺：美国独立革命的诗人
6、飞利浦、惠特利：美国文学史上第一位出版诗集的黑人女诗人，了不起的诗才之称，《胡塞先生和棺木》；
7、威廉、邓拉普：美国戏剧之父
8、华盛顿、欧文：美国文学之父，《见闻札记》《睡古传说》《温克尔》
9、詹姆斯 菲尼莫尔 库珀：《开拓者》《最后一个莫干希人》《探路人》
10、威廉、布莱恩特：美国的华兹华斯，《诗选》《黄色的紫罗兰》《致水鸟》
11、爱伦、坡：侦探小说的鼻祖，《厄舍古厦的倒塌》《乌鸦》
12、艾默生：超验主义，13、大卫梭罗
14、亨利、费朗罗：《伊凡吉林》歌颂爱情；《海华沙之歌》第一部描写印第安人的史诗；
15、纳撒尼尔、霍桑：《范肖》《带七个尖角阁的房子》《福谷传奇》以第一人称叙述；
16、麦尔维尔
17、斯托夫人的代表作《汤姆叔叔的小屋》
18、惠特曼：free verse；草叶集；
三、第一次世界大战时期的美国文学
1、豪威尔斯是美国现实主义文学的奠基人，其代表作诗《塞拉斯 拉帕姆的发迹》；
2、亨利、詹姆斯：《黛西 米勒》；《贵妇人的画像》《美国人》
3、马克 吐温
4、赫姆林加兰：加兰是“乡土文学作家”的重要代表，《大路》，80年代美国的真实写照；
5、弗兰克 诺里斯：开创自然主义的先河，代表作《章鱼》；
6、欧亨利：美国现代短篇小说的创始人；
7、杰克伦敦：自然主义，《马丁伊登》自传体小说
8、西奥多、德莱赛：美国现代小说的先驱，20世纪美国文学中第一位杰出的作家；《嘉莉妹妹》，《欲望三部曲》：《金融家》《巨人》《斯多葛》；
9、艾米丽 迪金森：现代英美诗歌的先驱；
四、一战到二战时期的美国文学
1、罗伯特 弗罗斯特：四次获得普利策奖
2、庞德：印象派诗歌运动的主要力量；
3、爱德华、肯明斯：视觉诗歌的创始人；
4、尤金、奥尼尔：《天边外》早起作品；《送冰人来了》；《长夜漫漫路迢迢》，1936年获得诺贝尔文学奖；
5、辛克莱、刘易斯：1930年获得诺贝尔文学奖；第一个获得该奖项的美国作家，《大街》《巴比特》
6、海明威：
7、菲茨杰拉德：《人间天堂》《了不起的盖茨比》《夜色温柔》
8、赛珍珠：《大地》1938年美国历史上第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的女性作家；
9、《约翰、斯坦贝克：20世纪美国文坛最重要的作家之一，1962年获得诺贝尔文学奖；《天堂的牧场》《煎饼坪》《愤怒的葡萄》《月落》《烦躁的冬天》
10、福克纳：《喧哗与骚动》 《寓言》获得普利策奖；最重要的作品三部曲：《村子》《小镇》《大宅》
11、兰斯顿 休斯：哈莱姆的桂冠诗人五、二战以后的美国文学
1、杰克、开鲁亚克：垮掉的一代，《在路上》
2、塞林格：垮掉的一代的重要作家，《麦田的守望者》
3、纳博科夫：《洛丽塔》
4、约瑟夫、海勒：《第22条军规》
5、库特、冯尼格：黑色幽默手法；
6、威廉、斯泰轮：《苏菲的选择》
7、辛格：美国犹太作家，1978年诺贝尔文学奖 《路柏林的魔术师》
8、索尔、贝娄：1976年诺贝尔文学奖；《晃来晃去的人》
9、菲利普、罗斯：《美国牧歌》，获普利策奖；
10、托尼、莫里森：1993年获得诺贝尔，第一位美国黑人作家；《最蓝的眼睛》《所罗门之歌》
11、田纳西、威廉斯：《欲望号街车》《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》
12、阿瑟、米勒：《推销员之死 英美概况总结
1.Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except __D___.英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.2.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.The monarch has very little power.英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。
3.the Conservative Party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them? 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。
4.On accepting Bill of Rights, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。
5.Females were allowed to vote in national elections until 1918.直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。
6.The British North America Act of 1867 established Canada as a domain.《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。
7.During World War II, as a war leader,Winston Churchill received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。
8.The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and Argentina.福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。9.In Britain, a by-election is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。
10.In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。11.There are 651 members in the House of Commons.下议院共有651名议员。
12.Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?(c)A.Margaret Thatcher B.Winston Churchill
C.Horatio Nelson
D.John Major撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），英国海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称 Viscount Nelson。
13.By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed Prime Minister by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。
14.The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party, which still bears this nickname today.托利党是英国保守党的前身。
15.In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党，它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁（shadow cabinet）。
16.The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s economic decline.现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。
17.The 1980s was remembered as the decade of privatization.正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。
18.Today, in Britain，coal mining is called a “sick” industry.英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。
19.The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor James Watt modified and improved the design in 1765.第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。
20.The Industrial Revolution created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。
21.Cotton Textile is the key to Industrial Revolution.纺织业的改革是英国工业革命的主要成就之一。
22.Romanticism became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Revolution.工业革命时期的主要文学流派是浪漫主义。
23.Modern football game began in England.现代的足球运动起源于英国。其正宗的老家在英格兰，19世纪兴起。
24.Prime Minister is the leader of the British government.英国的政体是君主立宪制。国王（女王）是国家元首，但政府的首领为首相。25.The second largest city in England,Birmingham, is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city.英国的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格兰中部平原，是国际化大都市，也是英国的工业和制造业中心。
26.The Romans introduced Christianity into Britain.公元43年，罗马人占领英国，其后统治了400多年。基督徒就是在这一时期由罗马人传入英国的。
27.The real power of the British government lies in the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister.君主立宪制下，国王的作用更侧重于其象征意义，而实权为内阁所有，内阁由首相率领。28.In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 to 16.英国的教育体系中的义务教育阶段是5-16岁，这是每一位学生在学校学习的最低年限。
29.The longest river in Britain is the Severn River, and the largest river in the USA is the Mississippi.英国最长的河是塞文河，全长355公里，美国最长的河是密西西比河，长4000公里左右。
30.The general election in Britain is held every five years.英国大选每5年举行一次。31.Which of the following tribes first came to Britain?(D)A Roman B Anglo-Saxons C Jutes
D Celts凯尔特在公元前700年到英国，罗马人在公元1到5世纪统治英国，5世纪中期盎格鲁撒克逊人侵占英国，因此凯尔特人是最早踏入英国的。
32.The Hundred Years’ War between Britain and France was fought from 1337 to 1453.英法百年战争爆发于1337年到1453年间，中间还发生了黑死病。
33.The Republic of Ireland became independent in the year 1949.爱尔兰共和国在1949年独立。
34.The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution.英国内战于1642年到1646年间发生，国王查尔斯与议会发生争执，实际上是国王与清教徒之间的矛盾引起的，结果议会胜利。35.Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east, 英国南面与法国隔着英吉利海峡。
36.The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh.英国最大的湖是内伊湖，最长的河流是塞文河。
37.The majority of people in Scotland live in the central Lowlands? 苏格兰中低部适合人类生存，是苏格兰工业和人高度集中的地区。
38.In Britain only about 2% of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area.由于英国农作业时的高度机械化，只需利用全国2%的人口来耕作大面积农地。39.The two important crops in Britain are wheat and barley小麦和大麦是英国最重要的庄稼 40.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can legally receive completely free education.英国的义务教育是从5岁到16岁，所以期间的教育全部免费。
41.Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?(D)A The Telegraph
B The Guardian
C The News of the World
D The Times 英国历史上最悠久的日报是《泰晤士报》。
42.The river Thames is in England.泰晤士河位于英格兰。43.The Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain.工业革命最早从英国开始。44.Which of the following is true under Thatcher’s administration?(C)A The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.B Public housing became more important.C Many public houses were sold to people.D The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement.1979年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。她提出的政策称被为“撒切尔主义”。其内容包括国有企业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市场因素在经济中的作用，将公有住房卖给公众，强调法律和秩序。在一定程度上讲，她的计划是成功的。她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期。
45.Britain has its nuclear naval force since it’s a traditional sea power.英国拥有其海军核力量与其一贯的霸主地位是密切相关的。
46.Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain?(C)
A The Times
B The Guardian
C The Observer
D The Financial Times 《观察家报》创刊于1791年，是英国创刊最早的星期日报纸。
47.Big Ben was named after Benjamin Hall.据说Big Ben 得名于它在1859年修建时候的建造者 Benjamin Hall。
48.The Capital of Wales is Cardiff.威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫。49.Portsmouth is England’s biggest naval base.英国最大的海军基地是普茨茅斯。50.There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and the Labour Party.英国奉行的是两党制。其两大主要政党是保守党和工党。
1.Which name is NOT related to Britain?(D)
A Northern Ireland
B Scotland
C Wales
D Toronto 2.The news agency Reuters was founded in London.路透社创建于伦敦。
3.The tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by William the Conqueror.伦敦塔是1078年为防止罗马入侵由威廉大帝修建的。
4.The Anglo-Saxon were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.英国民族的前身是安格鲁萨克森人。
5.Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.格拉斯格是苏格兰最大的城市和经济中心。6.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can legally receive completely free education.英国小孩 5—16岁的教育是免费的。
7.The Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain.工业革命起源于英国。8.Ben Nevis is the name of Britain’s highest mountain? 本尼维斯山为英国最高峰。
9.The United Kingdom is the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way.提起英国，很多人会使用名字“Britain”，“England”或“British”，但这往往会惹恼苏格兰人，威尔士人以及北爱尔兰人。从政治角度来讲，“the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”或 “the United Kingdom/UK”是英国正确的叫法。“the British Isles”则是地理意义上的名字，包括Great Britain，the whole of Ireland（Northern and Southern），the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man 这些岛屿。
10.Britain has, for centuries , been slowly tilting with the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking.英国几个世纪以来地势一直在缓慢地倾斜，表现为西北部在慢慢上升，而东南部在慢慢下沉，所以英国的西北部为高地。
11.The two areas in Britain where a lot of immigrants live are London and heart of England.现在，英国移民主要集中在伦敦及英格兰心脏地带的一些城市和城镇，诸如 Slough, Leicester, Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Luton, Bradford, Coventry, Bedford 和Reading等等。
12.The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses.英国国旗为红白蓝三色的米字旗（也叫“Union Jack”），是由三个十字组成。
13.Which flower is symbol of England?(D)A Thistle
B Shamrock
C Daffodil
D Rose
A，蓟是苏格兰的象征，用作苏格兰的国徽；B，三叶苜蓿花为爱尔兰的国花；C，黄水仙花是威尔士的国花；D，玫瑰则是英格兰的国花。
14.Lake District was the home of the Lake Poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor, Coleridge and Robert Southey of 19th century Britain.位于英格兰西北部和威尔士北部的湖区是英国著名的风景区之一，也是英国十九世纪湖畔诗人聚居的地方。
15.The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians.最早来英国定居的是伊比利亚人。大约在公元前3000年左右，也就是新石器时代，他们从伊比利亚半岛（即今天的西班牙）来到英国。
16.Julius Caesar invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC.英国的历史是从罗马人的入侵开始的。恺撒，这位伟大的罗马将军，在公元前55年第一次带兵入侵并征服了英国。
17.Which one is not the reason for the very limited influence of Roman to Britain?(c)
A The Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class.B The Romans and Britons never intermarry during the 4 centuries
C The Romans didn’t like the Britons.D The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.尽管罗马人征服了英国，但是罗马文化对英国的影响十分有限。这主要是因为：罗马人一直把英国人看作是社会地位相当于奴隶的被降伏的民族；在长达四个世纪的时间里从来没有罗马人跟英国人通婚；罗马人对英国平民阶层的语言和文化没有任何影响。
18.The Hundred Years’ war with France ended by the English being driven out of France.By 1453 Calais was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.英法之间的百年战争以英国人被赶出法国而告终。到1453年战争结束时，只有法国北部的加莱港还在英国人手里。
19.Which war had little effect on ordinary people but gave a death blow to feudalism?(A)
A The Wars of the Roses
B The Hundred Years’ War
C The English Civil War
D World War I
尽管玫瑰战争持续了30年，但对老百姓的生活几乎没什么影响，反倒使英国的封建主义受到致命打击，贵族阶层受到了削弱。
20.The English Civil War, also called the Puritan Revolution , is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.英国内战也叫“清教徒革命”，这是因为反对国王的人大部分是那些清教徒。英国内战不仅推翻了英国的封建制度，也动摇了欧洲封建统治的基础。所以，从这个角度讲，英国内战通常被看作现代世界史的开端。
21.Scotland is the home of golf.高尔夫是一项古老的贵族的运动，源于十五世纪或更早以前的苏格兰，苏格兰地区山多，气候湿润，多雾，非常适合牧草生长，这里的工业文明以前是连绵不断的牧场。相传当时牧羊人放牧闲暇时，用木板玩游戏，将石子击入兔子窝或洞中。久而久之形成了使用不同的球杆并按一定的规则击球。
22.Which of the follwing languages is NOT spoken in Scotland?(D)A English
B Scottish
C Gaelic
D Denish
Gaelic苏格兰盖尔语是高地苏格兰人的传统语言；更多人使用的语言是英语。一直到15世纪末，盎格鲁人仍然以他们的语言称苏格兰盖尔语为「苏格兰语」（盎格鲁语：Scottish）。
23.The election of 1979 made Margaret Thatcher to power and she became the first woman prime minister.Margaret Thatcher 在1979年成为英国首相，为英国史上第一个女首相。24.To its full sense, the British Parliament consist of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.具体的说，英国的议会是由元首，上议院和下议院组成。其中，元首没有实权，上议员由大法官（Lord Chancellor）掌权，是由神职议员（the Lord Spiritual）和世俗议员（the Lord Temporal），下议院的成员是通过选举产生的651名议员,以首相为首。25.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by William the Conqueror.伦敦塔名为“塔”，实际上是公元11世纪处于罗马统治时期的一座城堡式建筑。
26.There are two state churches in Britain.英国有两大国教： 在英格兰是英格兰教（Church of England）或者英国圣公会，在苏格莎白的头衔全称为“托上帝宏恩，大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合国和她的其他领土和领地的女王、英联邦元首、基督教的保护者伊丽莎白二世”。可见，英女王是基督教的保护者。
27.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son Richard, the regime began immediately to collapse.Oliver Cromwell的儿子在父亲过世后继承王权，但是不久后掌控的政体瓦解。1660年，议会扶植流浪法国的前国王儿子Charles二世当国王。28.The twenty-first birthday is a great event in Britain since it marks the beginning of full manhood or womanhood.在英国,21岁生日是个大生日,因为他们认为21岁是大人开始的年龄。29.Reuters was founded in 1851.路透社是世界四大通讯社之一，也是英国创办最早的通讯社。1850年由保罗·朱利叶斯·路透（paul julius reuter）在德国亚琛创办，1851年迁址到伦敦。创办人路透原为德国人，后加入英国籍。1865年，路透把他的私人通讯社扩展成为一家大公司。
英国文学
1.Irony refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality.Irony 是指“反讽”，揭示事物表面与真相的差别。
2.Tennyson was recognized as the greatest poet of Victorian England.Aflred Tennyson 被称为维多利亚时代最杰出的英国诗人。他的主要作品为：The Princess，Maud 和短诗 Break，Break，Break。
3.James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT__C__.A Dubliners
B A Potrait of the Artist as a Young Man
C Jude the Obscure
D Ulysses Jude the Obscure是Thomas Hardy的作品。
4.Which of the follwing poets is different from the others?
A
A John Donne B John Keats C Lord Byron D Percy Bysshe Shelley
除了John Donn是玄学派诗人外，另外三位为浪漫主义派诗人。
5.William Wordsworth is an English _A___.A poet
B novelist C playwright
D critic
William Wordsworth是英国前浪漫主义诗人。
6.The compiler of A Dictionary of the English Language is Samuel Johnson.Samuel Johnson（1709-1784）编写的《英语字典》是之后所有英语字典的基石。
7.My Last Duchess is a monologue poem written by Robert Browning.Robert Browning（1812-1889）擅于写独角剧，他的代表作是My Last Duchess和Meeting at Night。
8.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is an epigrammatic line by John Keats.Beauty is truth, truth beauty是John Keats的写作宗旨，他用尽毕生精力追求能够表达一切美丽事物的诗篇。
9.Paradise Lost is a masterpiece by John Miltom《失乐园》《复乐园》均为John Milt作。10.James Joyce mostly wrote about his hometown Dublin.James Joyce出生于爱尔兰的首都都柏林，主要作品有：A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man，Ulysses。故事合集Dubliners。
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