第一篇：英语翻译句子(自测用)
翻译句子 M1 1.早上好,孩子们！欢迎来到七年级四班！
2.我十二岁，你呢？
3.你也是英国人吗？
4.北京是中国的首都。
5.他多大了？
6.我母亲不是医生。她是一位老师。
___________________________________________________________ 7.我会踢足球和弹钢琴。
___________________________________________________________ 8.这周末去游泳吗？
____________________________________________________________ 9.北京春天天气怎样？
___________________________________________________________ 10.北京冬天天气寒冷而且有风。
_____________________________________________________________ M2 1.Lily前面的男孩是谁？
2.挨着他的那个女子是谁？是他的姑妈。
3.那是Paul的儿子和女儿。
4.你爸爸的工作是什么？
5.我妈妈的父母在右边。
6.你最喜欢的季节是什么？秋天
_____________________________________________________ 7.你爸爸的电话号码是什么？
_________________________________________________________ 8.桌子上有苹果吗？不，没有。
_________________________________________________________ 9.瓶子里有水吗？
__________________________________________________________ 10.你们班上有多少学生？
_________________________________________________________________ M3 教室里有多少学生？ 在教室的前面有一个计算机。图书馆在操场的右边。餐厅在教室的前面。
6.我们学校没有图书馆。
___________________________________________________________ 7.在玛丽的班里有40名学生。
____________________________________________________________ 8.看我的全家照。我在我爸妈的中间
___________________________________________________________ 9.请靠右行驶。
_________________________________________________________ 10我们学校有一个体育馆，两个图书馆和三个餐厅。
____________________________________________________________ M4 1 你的饮食健康吗？ 冰箱里我们还有蔬菜吗？ 吃太多的肉对孩子们不好。可口的鸡汤对我们的健康有益。每天早上吃早餐很重要。爸爸妈妈每个周末都要去选购食物和饮料。假期去公园里野餐好吗？
8.多吃蔬菜和水果对你的健康有好处。
______________________________________________________________ 9.吃太多的巧克力对你的健康有害。
______________________________________________________________ 10对于学生而言，努力学好英语是非常重要的。
_________________________________________________________________ M5 1.他们每天下午3:45回家。
2.我喜欢地理而且我地理学得不错。
3.我们下午没有音乐课。
4.我们十二点半在餐厅吃午饭。
5.你每晚几点上床睡觉？
6.我们早晨6:00起床。
7.他们十点半上语文。
8.星期六上午我不写作业。
9.我父母在家吃午饭。
10.我能用英语和朋友们交谈。
M6 1.欢迎来到北京动物园。
2.这里有很多食物，比如，饺子，面条。
3.大熊猫每天吃三十公斤竹子和其他的植物。
4.斑马是非洲动物。
5.看那边的那头大象，它吃植物和一点儿水果，但不吃肉。
6.全世界大约有200种猴子。
7.猴子生活在非洲、亚洲和美洲，它们吃肉、叶子、水果甚至鸟蛋。
8.老虎擅长游泳，但不会爬树。
9.我们学校大约有2300个学生，其中300人住校。
10.动物园里的动物来自世界各地。M7 1.你多长时间去一次动物园？
2.我在网上与朋友交谈，但是我不玩游戏。
3.大明的爸爸经常在网上看电影。
4.我爸爸想制定假期的旅行计划。
5.你与朋友分享你的蛋糕吗？
6.母亲节，我经常给妈妈寄一些礼物。
7.我计划暑假帮妈妈做很多家务。
8.你每周写多少封电子邮件？
9.在网上，我搜索信息，做作业并查看我的电子邮件。
10.他也上网查询火车时刻、制定旅行计划并买票。
M8 1.汤姆上学从不迟到。
___________________________________________________________ 2.我的叔叔不经常去听音乐会。
____________________________________________________________ 3.麦克想要保持身体健康，所以他每天都在他家附近的一个公园锻炼身体。____________________________________________________________ 4.我很高兴收到你的来信，但是我恐怕不能参加你们的婚礼了。
_____________________________________________________________ 5.托尼的父母不去现场看足球比赛，他们通常在家看电视直播。
_____________________________________________________________ 6.你愿意来参加我的生日聚会吗？是的，我愿意。
_____________________________________________________________ 7.她花很多钱买书。
_____________________________________________________________ 8.周末他们通常通过电视观看足球比赛。
_______________________________________________________________ 9.在中国的生日聚会上你们通常做什么？
_______________________________________________________________ 10我想喝一杯加糖的咖啡。
_______________________________________________________________ M9 1.一位老奶奶正在下公交车。
_____________________________________________________________ 2.周六汤姆喜欢待在家里看电视。
_____________________________________________________________ 3.感谢你们的帮助。
_____________________________________________________________ 4.大明躺在海滩上晒太阳。
_____________________________________________________________ 5.晚上睡觉前，我们应该向爸爸妈妈道声晚安。
_____________________________________________________________ 6.他们正玩得很愉快。
_____________________________________________________________ 7.吉姆正站在中国的长城上。
_______________________________________________________________ 8.我们在照很多照片。
________________________________________________________________ 9.他这个时候正在北京拜访朋友。
_________________________________________________________________ 10.感谢你从美国寄给我的明信片。
________________________________________________________________ M10 1.快点！我们上课要迟到啦！
_____________________________________________________________ 2.你应该把书收拾整理好。
_____________________________________________________________ 3.你们在为期末考试做准备吗？
_____________________________________________________________ 4.大扫除意味着扫去厄运。
_____________________________________________________________ 5.此刻，他们正在忙着做红灯笼和学耍龙灯。
_____________________________________________________________ 6.此刻，我们正在为春节做准备。
_________________________________________________________________ 7.告诉我你们国家的一个节日。
___________________________________________________________________ 8.此刻，你在做什么？
_____________________________________________________________________ 9.我正在做大红灯笼。
____________________________________________________________________ 10.我们学校紧挨着我家。
____________________________________________________________________
第二篇：商务英语翻译自测
05355
商务英语翻译试卷
第1套
I.Multiple Choice(20 points, 2 points for each)
1.Rising damp, if not treated effectively, could in time cause extensive damage to the structure of your home, ruin decoration and furniture.A.如果处理不当，墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。
B.如果处理不当，墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏和损害。
C.如果处理不当，墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。
D.如果处理不当，墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏。
2.This contract is entered into as of the seventh day of March, 2002, by and between Lonk Co.Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of the United States of America(hereinafter called the “Purchaser”), and Wingo Co.Group, a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China(hereinafter called the “Seller”).A.2002年3月7日，本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]订立。
B.本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。
C.本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。
D.2002年3月7日，本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]订立。
3.Multinational bank's services include issuing letter of credit, buying and selling foreign exchange, issuing banker's acceptances, accepting Eurocurrency deposits, making Eurocurrency loans, and assisting in the marketing of Eurobonds.A.跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券。
B.跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。
C.跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券。
D.跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。
4.Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of US$30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export point so that the Seller may draw the sum in due time.A.卖方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元，以便卖方及时提取款项。
B.卖方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元，以便买方及时提取款项。
C.买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款共计30000美元，以便卖方可以及时提取该笔货款。
D.买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款30000美元，以便卖方可以及时提取该笔货款。
5.China’s compliance with an intellectual-property accord is seen as a keen test of its sincerity in abiding by WTO rules.A.能否遵守国际知识产权协议视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的监测手段。
B.能否遵守国际知识产权协议，被视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的试金石。
C.能否遵守国际知识产权协议已经视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的试金石。
D.能否遵守国际知识产权协议，被视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的监测手段。
6.The new prosperity may represent a long, sustained plateau of brisk demand, plentiful jobs, and increased living standards.A.新的繁荣表现为一段时间持续较长的旺盛的需求、大量就业机会，生活水平也得到了改善。
B.新的繁荣可能表现为持续时间较长的旺盛需求、大量的就业机会，生活水平也得到了提高。
C.新的繁荣表现为一段时间持续较长的旺盛的需求、大量就业机会，生活水平也得到了提高。
D.新的繁荣表现为一段持续时间较长的旺盛需求、大量就业机会，生活水平也得到了改善。
7.Shippers are requested to note particularly the exceptions and conditions of this bill of lading with reference to the validity of the insurance upon their goods.A.承运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的免责事项和条件。
B.承运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的例外和条件。
C.托运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的例外和条件。
D.托运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的免责事项和条件。
8.The seller must supply the goods in conformity with the contract of sale, together with such evidence of conformity as may be required by the contract.A.卖方有责任供应符合买卖合同所规定的货物，如合同有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。
B.卖方有责任供应符合买卖所规定的货物，如合同有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。
C.卖方有责任供应符合买卖合同所规定的货物，如有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。
D.卖方有责任供应符合买卖所规定的货物，如另有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。
9.The home of your dreams awaits you behind this door.Whether your taste be a country manor estate or a penthouse in the sky, you will find the following pages filled with the world’s most elegant residences.A.打开门，等候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。
B.打开门，恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间领地，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。
C.打开门，恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住处供您选择。
D.打开门，恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。
10.Unemployment in America(as of mid-1990)was running near 5.25 percent.That is somewhat higher than used to be considered full employment, but it is not a serious figure in the aggregate.A.1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。按以往充分就业的标准比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。
B.1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。按以往的标准，这个比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。
C.1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。以往充分就业的标准比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。
D.1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。以往的标准，这个比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。
II.Phrase Translation from English to Chinese(20 points, 1 point for each)
1.unfavorable balance of trade
2.bank portfolio
3.housing mortgages
4.barter trade
5.bills and forms
6.fiscal year
7.cargo insurance
8.carrying vessel
9.clean payment credit
10.clearance sale
11.accounting systems
12.comparative advantage
13.economic incentives
14.financial statements
15.bills of exchange
16.captioned goods
17.floating policy
18.international specialization
19.straight B/L
20.under separate cover
III.Translation Improvement from English to Chinese.For each English sentence, there is one or more errors in the translation provided.Please underline the error or errors, and then write the whole of your improved version in the space provided below.(20 points, 2 points for each)
1.原文：Commercial business is very profitable, and most radio and TV stations depend on the income.译文：商事很赚钱，大部分电台和电视台都靠这部分收入而生存。
改进译文：广告是很赚钱的生意，大部分电台和电视台都靠广告费收入而生存
2.原文：Worry about the possibility of less severe, but still debilitating, recessions persisted, however.译文：然而，关于会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济疲软的衰退的担心仍然持续着。改进的译文：然而，人们仍然担心会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济疲软的衰退。
3.原文：Without prejudice to any rights which exist under the applicable laws or under the Subcontract, the Contractor shall be entitled to withhold or defer payment of all or part of any sums otherwise due by the Contractor to the Subcontractor.译文：承包商依据适当的法律或分包合同在对拥有的任何权力不带成见的条件下，应该有权扣留或暂缓支付在不同情况下应由承包商支付给分包商的任何全部或部分金额。
改进的译文：在不影响按适用法律或分包合同享有任何权利的情况下，承包商有权扣留或暂缓支付承包商应付给分包商的全部或部分到期金额。
4.原文：Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created.译文：商务指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合，通过它们利润和经济盈余将被创造。改进的译文：商务是指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合，通过这些活动能创造利润和经济盈余。
5.原文：Dickerson is an international marketing company specializing in fertilizers, chemicals, cocoa, pesticides, coal, agricultural products and many others.译文：狄格森公司是一家国际营销公司，专营化肥、化工产品、可可、杀虫剂、煤炭、农产品以及许多其他产品。
改进的译文：狄格森公司是一家国际贸易公司，专营化肥、化工产品、可可、杀虫剂、煤炭、农产品以及许多其他产品
6.原文：We regret the four of the items enquired for in your Fax are unfortunately not available for export.译文：很遗憾，贵方传真所询商品有4项无货可供。
改进的译文：很遗憾，贵方传真所询的4项商品均无货可供。
7.原文：Without making foreign direct investment commitments, firms can engage in international business through exporting and importing, licensing of non-affiliated foreign firms, sale of technology, foreign management contracts, and selling turnkey projects.译文：若没有来自国外的直接投资，公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。改进的译文：若没有对国外进行直接投资，公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。
8.原文：The purpose of engineering is to create useful goods, to make them better, cheaper and more abundant.译文：工程的目的是要创造有用的物品，使它们更好、更便宜、更充足。
改进的译文：工程的目的是要创造有用的物品，使其质量更好、价格更便宜、数量更充足。
9.原文：It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system.Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.译文：那时，世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了，各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。
改进的译文：在这种情况下, 世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了，各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。
10.原文：The Contract is in octuplicate, four in the Chinese language and four in the English language.译文：本合同一式8份，中文4份，英文4份。
改进的译文：本合同一式8份，中英文版本各4份。
IV.Business letter Translation from English to Chinese(20 points)
SUNRISE GARMENT COMPANYDongfeng Boulevard, Tianjin 300026 P.R.C.June 22, 2000
Ms.Margaret Zenger
Director, Purchasing Division
Pan America Farment, Inc.529 Randaph Drive
New Orleans, Louisiana 70167
USA
Dear Ms.Zenger;
Thank you for your enquiry of June 5.We are pleased to know that you are interested in our raincoats.Our Rainbow range is popular not only because of its light weight but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:
Rainbow coats, men's, medium at $ 6.00 each$600.00
Rainbow coats, men's, small at $ 5.50 each$550.00
Rainbow coats, women's, medium at $ 5.00 each$500.00
Rainbow coats, women’s, small at $ 4.50 each$450.00
Total Amount:$2,100.00
Less 10 percent trade discount: $210.00
FOB Xingang Tianjin:$1,890.00
Freight: $69.00
Insurance: $14.50
Totals: $1,973.50
We will ship your order within three or four weeks after receiving it.We feel you may be interested in some of our other products and enclose a descriptive booklet for your reference.We look forward to receiving your order.Sincerely,Yi Yuan
Sales Manager
V.Contract translation from English to Chinese(20 points)
Any failure or delay in the performance by either party hereto of its obligations under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach hereof or give rise to any claims for damages if and to the extent that it is caused by occurrences beyond the control of the party
affected, including, but without limiting the generality of the forgoing, acts of governmental authority, acts of god, strikes or concerted acts of workmen, fires, floods, explosions, wars, riots, storms, earth¬quakes, accidents, acts of a public enemy, rebellion, insurrection, sabotage, epidemic, quarantine restrictions, shortages of labour, materials or supplies, failures by contractors or subcontractors, transportation embargoes, failures or delays in transportation, rules, regulations, orders or directives of any government or any state, subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof or the order of any court of competent jurisdiction.
第三篇：英语翻译句子
1、这个村子离边境很近，村民们一直担心会受到敌人的攻击。
1、随着她个人生活的细节越来越多地被媒体披露出来，她不得The village is so close to the border that the villagers live 不辞去公司总经理的职务。
As more and more details of her private life were disclosed in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.by the media, she was compelled to resign her post2、这个国家仅用了20年的时间就发展成了一个先进的工业强国。as general manager(or: resign as general manager / resign In only twenty years the country was transformed into an from the post of general manager)of the company.advanced industrial power.2、她对自己的新工作很满意，因为这份工作正好与她的兴趣相符。
3、这个公司已经发展成为这个地区主要的化工生产基地之一。She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with The company has evolved into one of the major chemical her interests.manufacturing bases in this region.3、我买了这件衬衣，因为它的价格从300元减到了80元。
4、鉴于目前的金融形势，美元进一步贬值（devalue）是不可避I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 免的。yuan to 80 yuan.Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that
4、为了把孩子们抚养成人，这位母亲真是历经了各种磨难。the US dollor will be further devalued.To bring her children up, the mother really went through all
5、政府号召市民就控制水污染问题献计献策，但响应却不强烈。kinds of hardships.The government’s call for suggestions about the control of
5、警方在老太太的死亡案中已经排除了他杀的可能性。water pollution produced very little response fromThe police have ruled out murder in the case of the old the citizens.lady’s death.6．天气没有出现好转的迹象，所以政府号召我们做好防洪的准备。
6、市政府承诺将尽快采取有效措施，解决空气污染问题。The weather showed no signs of getting better so the The municipality(municipal government)promised to take government called upon us to get prepared for floods.effective steps as soon as possible to solve the7、科学家曾一度认为没有比原子更小的东西了，但现在大多数人problems of air pollution.都知道原子是由更小的粒子（particle）
7、因为腿部受伤，我没有参加上个月学校举行的网球锦标赛。构成的。I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last At one time scientists thought there was nothing smaller month because of my injured leg.than an atom but now most people know that an atom8、要是能得到大多数女生支持的话，你赢得选举成为学生会主席consists of even smaller particles.的机会是很大的。
8、这些同学对世界杯十分关注，每天至少花两个小时看比赛的现If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you 场直播。stand a good chance of winning the election andThe students are all very much concerned about the World Cup.becoming Chairman of the Students Union.Speaking at least two hours every day9、他写的书并非都像这一本这么成功，所以我建议你从图书馆把He not only risked his own life to save the old man from the
burning house but made some room in his ownhouse for him to settle down.10、她从小就努力按照父母的教导去生活，形成了一整套为人处事的行为准则。
From childhood , she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standardsof conduct.1、她是一位很能干的家庭主妇，但喜欢凭一时冲动购物，厨房橱柜里总是堆满乱七八糟的东西，最终还 是会丢弃的。
She is a very capable housewife but she likes to purchase things on impulse.Her kitchen cabinets are alwaysfull of clutter that will eventually be discarded.2、大学生应该有决心过节俭生活，不要和别人比阔气或追求时尚；要知道：钱这东西，只有积少才会成 多。
University students should have the resolve to live a frugal lifestyle and should not try to keep up with the
Joneses or follow trends and fads.They should know that only when you mind the pennies will the dollarstake care of themselves.3、这对夫妻都是大公司的高层管理人员，忙得没有时间做饭，一星期至少有五天在外面吃饭。
The couple are high-ranking executives of big companies.They eat out at least five days a week due to thelack of time for home cooking.4、这两处签名十分相似，即使是有经验的专家恐怕也难辨别出它们之间的差别。
The two signatures appear all of a piece.Even experienced watching the live matches on TV.9、因为得不到贷款，无法按时开业，这家百货商店损失惨重。The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time.10、我们不能到那里散步，因为那里有一个海军基地，禁止游客进入。We can’t to there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which is off limits to tourists.1、他的确懂得很多理论，但是，一碰到实际工作就显得非常无知。He really know a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work,he seems to be quite ignorant.2、最新调查表明，大多数市民支持政府再建一个新图书馆的计划。The newest survey showed that the majority of citizens support/supported the goveronment’s plan to build alibrary.3、这两个国家之所以能够成功的达成科学家技术协定是因为有利于他们进行合作的好几种因素一直在发 挥作用。The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation becauseseveral factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4、我在上小学时候就看过那部电影，可就是一时想不出它的名字来。I saw the film when I in primary school, but just won’t come to mind this moment.5、尽管他每天工作12小时，他仍然陷于重重债务之中。He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6、有必要知道他的身高吗？在我看来，这与他是否成为一个好的律师没有关系。Is it necessary to know his height? To me，it is irrelevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.7、橱柜被安装在墙里，既节约空间，使用起来又方便。The cupboard is build into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8、这些工人挣的钱比我们多，可话又说回来，他们的工作也危险得多。These worker can earn more than wo do, but the other side of the coin is that their job is more dangerous./
9、海伦在大学里学的是经济学，与此同时她把哲学作为第二专业来学习。Helen majors in economics at the university at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.10、重要的是你们要自己发现问题和解决问题，我是否到现场无关紧要。What is the most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves.It makesno difference whether I go there or not.1、大多数人都坚信法庭一定会严惩那些银行抢劫犯。Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish the bank robbers severely.2、在为治疗这种疾病而进行的长期探索中，医疗工作者克服了一个又一个困难。The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.3、根据所获得的情报，警察封锁了街道并且抓获了抢劫银行的罪犯。Acting on the information they received, the police closed off the streets and caught the bank robbers.4、听说这家刚建成的电视机厂第一年就能生产50万台电视机，我们都感到惊讶。We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5、政府正在调查这么多人下岗的原因，并设法帮助下岗工人就业。The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help the laid-off workers to bere-employed.6、为了扩大产品的销售，这家公司采取多种措施，开拓市场，改进业务。To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new markets and toimprove its services.7、他的学习荒废（neglect）到如此程度，要在一个月赶上别的同学恐怕是不可能的。He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up with theother students in a month.8、那家烟花爆竹厂由于未能遵守政府的安全条例上个月关门了。The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.9、我们的足球队能否战胜对手，好药等到比赛结束后才知道。It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponent.10、史密斯先生预言，新近发现的石油储藏再加上新技术的利用，会让原油的价格降下来。Mr.Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use of new technologies, would lead to adecline in the price of crude oil.它借出来读一下。Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the libraryand read it.10、在2004年雅典奥运会上刘翔打破男子110米栏（110-meter hurdles）世界纪录，获得冠军，这个纪 录以前是由一个美国运动员保持的。At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the man’s 110-meter hurdle andbroke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.1、他试图拯救这家濒临倒闭的企业，但失败了。He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2、总统已经宣布，在第一个任期结束时不再谋求连任。The president has announced that he will not seek reelection at the end of his first term.3、那个年轻教师在激发学生努力学习方面很有技巧。The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4、她喜欢举行社交聚会，只要能找到借口，她就随时举行。She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5、要在这家公司找到一个管理职位，你恐怕至少要和50个人竞争。I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.6、坦率的说，就算你对公司很忠诚，我觉得你得到提拔的机会也不大。To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you are loyal to the company.7、很显然，他的演讲激发了观众对地震灾难中受害者的极大同情。It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.8、尽管他反复向我保证他有能力推销我们公司的产品，但在雇佣他之前我还要再面试他一次。Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him anotherinterview before hiring him.9、公司的投资之所以以失败而告终是由于总经理的决策错误，于是董事会（board of directors）觉定把他 从公司赶出去。The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and sothe board of directors decided to throw him out.10、我知道你累了，不过再坚持一会儿吧。再过半个小时我们就要到达顶峰了。I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer.We will reach the peak in half an hour.1、这位驻联合国大使被授权代表本国政府，处理与该国相关的所有外交事务。The ambassador to the U.N.was invested with full authority to deal with all the foreign affairs concerning hiscountry on behalf of his government.2、在火车上我一直在想期末考试的结果，知道乘务员提醒我目的地已经到了。All the way on the train I had been preoccupied with the result of the term examination until the conductorreminded me of the arrival of my destination.3、虽然车祸死亡名单中有她丈夫的名字，但她仍不停在屋内走来走去，急切地盼望他早点回到家里。Although her husband’s name did not appear on the list of the people who got killed in the traffic accident ,she kept walking to and fro , anxious to see him back home sooner.4、我正准备把合同翻译成英语，突然意识到合同涉及的双方都是中国公司。I was setting out to translate the contract into English when it dawned upon me that both parties involved wereChinese companies.5、聚会上人们尽情地唱歌跳舞，把生活中的烦恼抛到了九霄云外。At the party , people sang and danced with abandon , totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.6、怀着做一名宇航员的强烈愿望，杰克逊全身心地投入到长达两年的艰苦体能训练之中。With the great aspirations to become an astronaut , Jackson committed himself to the 2-year strenuousconstitution training.7、他的油画取材于亘古永存的神话故事，反映了那个时期欧洲人的鉴赏趣味。His paintings ,drawing on timeless fairy stories ,exemplified the Europeans’ taste of that period.8、那个公共汽车司机不想承担事故责任，所以千方百计把责任对到乘客身上。The bus driver didn’t want to take any responsibility for the accident and so he took every means to put theblame on the passengers on board.9、他不仅冒着生命危险把老人从熊熊燃烧的房子里救了出来，还把自家屋子腾出来让他住下。
experts may find it difficult to identify anydifference between them.5、杂志的编辑把附在文后的图片都删掉了，因为该文的长度只能限制在两页之内。
The editor of the journal cut out all the pictures attached to the article because the length of the article wasrestricted to only two pages.6、作为常务委员会成员，近三年来他一直在处理失业和交通问题。As a member of the standing committee , he has been tackling unemployment and traffic problems during thepast three years.7、老人生前立下遗嘱，要把他一生的继续作为奖学金献给我们的学校。
The old man made a will before his death , giving away all his savings to our school as scholarships , adecision sanctioned by his children.8、那个医生向他的病人保证，只要他连续服用这种药三个月，每日三次，他的病就彻底好了。
The doctor assured his patient that if he took the medicine three times a day for three months without
interruption , he would recover from the illness for good.9、回顾过去的经历时，我才意识到四年的大学说是我一生中最无忧无虑的时刻。
Only when I looked back on my past experiences did I realize that my four-year period at university was themost care-free time in my life.10、要想在技术创新方面超过别人，我们必须时刻掌握科学技术领域所有的新思想和新发展。
If we want to excel others in technological innovation , we must keep track of all the new ideas and
developments in the field of science and technology.1、担心老太太受不了精神上的打击，警察在告诉她儿子在飞机失事中遇难的消息时尽量委婉。
Fearing that she couldn’t stand the blow, the police broke to the old woman as gently as possible the news ofher son’s death in the air crash.2、调查表明，那次车祸完全是由于司机违章驾驶造成的。
Investigations revealed that the road accident was caused solely by the driver who drove against trafficregulations.3、他和夏洛克（Shylock）一样吝啬。只要涉及到钱，他对朋友的所有承诺都丝毫没有意义。
He is as mean as Shylock.When it comes to money,all the promises he’s made to his friends count fornothing.4、自去年以来，这家公司的产品就一直滞销，但加速其倒闭的却是最近的一笔不成功的外贸生意。
Since last year , the company has been unable to sell its products , but it was the recent unsuccessful foreigntrade deal that has tened its bankruptcy.5、他提前半个月订票，以确保能够按时回家和家人一起过春节。He booked his ticket half a month in advance to assure himself of going back home on time to spend theSpring Festival with his family.6、开始时，她对讲出真相有顾虑，但最后她还是说出了藏在自己心底好几年的秘密。
At first , she had some worries about telling the truth.However, at length, she spoke out the secret that she had kept in her heart for several years.7、海伦极力控制住自己的情绪，可她颤抖的双手还是暴露了内心的紧张.Hellen tried to control her mood , but her trembling hands betrayed her nervousness.8、安妮获得了奖学金。在向父母报告这个喜讯时，尽管她说这没什么了不起，可还是隐藏不住急于得到 父母夸奖的心情。
Annie was awarded a scholarship at school.When she told her parents the good news , she could not conceal
her eagerness for praise from them though she claimed that it was nothing special at all.9、营救队队长压低声音对我说，他对从矿难中救出更多幸存者已经不抱太大的希望。
The leader of the rescue team told me under his breath that he had little hope of finding more survivors fromthe mine accident.10、二战前期，德国潜艇（submarines）在大西洋横冲直撞，但英国发明了雷达之后，他们就开始遭受沉 重损失。
In the early days of World War II , the German submarines ran riot in the Atlantic Ocean.However , when
radar was invented in Britain , the Germans began to suffer heavy losses
第四篇：英语翻译句子
Unit 1: 1.她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。（much less）
She wouldn't take a drink,much less would she stay for dinner.2.他认为我在对他撒谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。（whereas）
He thought I was lyingto him,whereas I was telling the truth.3.这个星期天你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？（account for）
How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4.他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。（due to）
The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy.5.这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。（result in）
Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.6.我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。（pour into）
We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project,so we have to carry on.Unit 2 1.尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。（despite）
Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family,she is never abide by her parents.2.迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话做任何解释。（nor）
Mike didn't come to the party last night,nor did he call me to give an explanation.3.坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但绝不是什么大作家。（next to;by no means）
The person sitting next to him did publish some novels,but he is by no means a great writer.4.他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。（be indifferent to）
He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses.5.经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。（count on）
The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.6.这是他第一次当着这么多观众演讲。（in the presence of sb）
This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience.Unit 3 1.你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。(never too...to)
You are never too experienced to learn new techniques.2.还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。（Use an appositional structure）
There remains one problem,namely,who should be sent to head the research there.3.由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。（meet with）
There relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences.4.虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功。（ups and downs;all along）
Though he has ups and downs,I believed all along that he would succeed someday.5.我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。（have reservations about）
I have some reservations about the truth of your claim.6.她长得并不特别高，但是她身材瘦，给人一种个子高的感觉。（give an illusion of）
She isn't particularty tall,but her slim figure gives an illusion of height.Unit 4 1.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？（Use “it”as the formal subject）
It is a great pleasre to meet friends from afar.2.不管黑猫白猫，能抓住老鼠就是好猫。（as long as）
It doesn't matter whether the cat is black or white as long as it catches mice.3.你必须明天上午十点之前把那笔钱还给我。（without fail）
You must let me have the money back without fail by ten o'clock tomorrow morning.4.请允许我参加这个项目，我对这个项目非常感兴趣。（more than+adjective）
Allow me to take part in this project:I am more than a little interested in it.5.人人都知道他比较特殊：他来去随意。（Be free to do sth）
Everyone knows that he is special:He is free to come and go as he pleases.6.看她脸上不悦的神色，我觉得她似乎有什么话想跟我说。（feel as though）
Watching the unhappy look on her face,I felt as though she wished to say something to me.Unit 5 1.他说话很自信，给我留下了很深的印象。（Use “which”to refer back to an idea or situation）
He spoke confidently ,which impressed me most.2.我父亲太爱忘事，总是在找钥匙。（Use “so that”）
My father is so forgetful that he is always looking for his keys.3.我十分感激你给我的帮助。（be grateful for）
I'm very grateful to you for all the help you have given me.4.光线不足，加上地面潮湿，使得驾驶十分困难。（coupled with）
The bad light,coupled with the wet ground,made driving very difficult.5.由于缺乏资金，他们不得不取消了创业计划。（starve of）
Being starved of funds,they had to cancel their plan to start a business.6.每当有了麻烦，他们总是依靠我们。（lean on）
They always lean on us whenever they are in trouble.Unit 6 1.就像机器需要经常运转一样，身体也需要经常锻炼。（as...so..）
Just as a machine needs regular running,so does the body need regular exercise.2.在美国学习时，他学会了弹钢琴。（while+V-ing）
He learned to play the piano while studying in the United States.3.令我们失望的是，他拒绝了我们的邀请。（turn down）
To our disappointment,he turned down our invitation.4.真实情况是，不管好还是坏，随着新科技的进步，世界发生了变化。（for better or worse）
The reality is that,for better or worse,the world has changed with advance of new technologies.5.我班里的大多数女生在被要求回答问题时都似乎感到不自在。（ill at ease）
Most of the female students in my class appear to be ill at ease when they are required to answer questions.6.当地政府负责运动会的安全。（take charge of）
The local government took charge of the security for the sports meeting.Unit 7 1.在会上，除了其他事情，他们还讨论了目前的经济形似。（among other things）
At the meeting they discussed,among other things,the present economic situation.2.我对大自然了解得越多，就越痴迷于大自然的奥秘。（the more...the more...）
The more I learned about the nature,the more absorbed I became in its mystery.3.医生建议说，有压力的人要学会做一些新鲜有趣·富有挑战性的事情，好让自己的负面情绪有发泄的渠道。（recommend that..should..）
The doctor recommends that those stressed people should try something new,interesting and challenging in order to give their negative feelings an outlet.4.那个学生的成绩差，但老师给他布置了更多的作业，而不是减少作业量。（instead of;cut down）
The teacher gives more homework to the student who has bad grades instead of cutting it down.5.相比之下，美国的父母更趋向于把孩子的成功归因于天赋。（attribute to）
By contrast,American parents are more likely to attribute their children's success to natural talent.6.教师首先要考虑的事情之一是唤起学生的兴趣，激发他们的创造性。（priority;stimulate）
One of a teacher's priorities is to stimulate students' interests and their creativity.Unit 8 1.她一点儿也不知道这幅画有一天居然会价值100多万美金。（Use “beginning”）
Little did she know that this picture would one day be worth more than a million dollars.2.虽然我理解你说的话，但是我不同意你在这个问题上的看法。（Use “while”in the sense of“although”）
While I understand what you say,I don't agree with you on the issue.3.我认为警察的职责就是保护人民。（be meant to do sth）
I think the police are meant to protect people.4.昨天我去看他，却发现他已于几天前出国了。（only to do sth）
I went to see him yesterday,only to find that he had gone abroad several days before.5.在每周例会上，每个人的发言都不能偏离会议议题（confine to）
At the weekly meeting,everyone must confine their remarks to the subject.6.要是我没说那些愚蠢的话该多好！那时我太年轻，不能明辨是非。（if only;distinguish right from wrong）
If only I hadn't said those silly words!I was too young then to distinguish right from wrong.Unit 9 1.我确信自己一定会有出息，即使至今我还没做出大的成绩。（make sth of sb;even though）
I am sure that I will make something of myself,even though I have not achieved any major success so far.2.我这么多年来如此努力，我觉得自己应该有个好的前途。（be entitled to）
I have been working hard for so many years;I feel I am entitled to a good future.3.当她丈夫离她而去，只留给她生活的残局去收拾时，她的心智失常了。（pick up the pieces）
When her husband deserted her,leaving her with nothing but scattered pieces of life to pick up,she went insane.4.从我的立场看，母亲当时过于严厉，并没有顾及我的感受。（from one's standpoint）
From my standpoint,Mother was too hard on me then,without taking my feelings into account.5.当我登上事业的顶峰时，常萦绕在我心头的是母亲说过的话：“面对生活，不放弃。”（in face of）
When I reached the summit of my professional career,mother's words “Never be a quitter in face of life”were constantly in my mind.6.你应该知道，不能在大街上踢足球。（know better）
You should know better than to play football in the street.Unit 10 1.整个事情我记得清清楚楚，就好像是昨天发生的一样。（Use “as though ”and the subjunctive mood）
I remember the whole thing clearly as though it had happened yesterday.2.他们中哪个文章写得最好，哪个就获奖（whichever）
Whichever of them writes the best essay will win the prize.3.事实证明，那次预算为一年后工资上调做好了准备。（turn out;provide for）
It turned out that the budget provided for a salary increase one year later.4.日复一日，年复一年，她做着同样的工作，但从不抱怨。（day after day）
She did the same job day after day and year after year,but she never complained.5.途中她忍受了种种艰难困苦；但什么都不能阻止她寻找失散的女儿。（keep sb.from doing sth）
She endure all kinds of hardships on the journey;nothing could keep her from finding her lost daughter.6.别跟那帮人混在一起，他们在光天化日之下干了很多坏事。（get mixed up;in broad daylight）
Don't get mixed up with that gang.They have committed many bad things in broad daylight.
第五篇：水文学介绍用,英语翻译
Hydrology 水文学history
The first hydraulic project has been lost in the mists of prehistory.Perhaps some prehistoric man found that pile of rocks across a stream would raise the water level sufficiently to overflow the land that was the source of his wild food plants and water them during a drought.Whatever the early history of hydraulics, abundant evidence exists to show that the builders understood little hydrology.Early Greek and Roman writings indicated that these people could accept the oceans as the ultimate source of all water but could not visualize precipitation equaling or exceeding stream-flow.Typical of the ideas of the time was a view that seawater moved underground to the base of the mountains.There a natural still desalted water, and the vapor rose through conduits to the mountain tops, where it condensed and escaped at the source springs of the streams.Marcus Vitruvius Pollio(ca.100 B.C.)seems to have been one of the first to recognize the role of precipitation as we accept it today.最早的水利工程在有史以前就已经销声匿迹了。也许史前的人曾发现横贯河流的一堆石头就能提高水位，足以淹没作为生长野生食用植物源泉的土地，而这样在干旱季节就能给植物浇水。不论水力学的早期如何，充分的的迹象表明，建造者们还不懂多少水文学知识。早期的希腊和罗马文献说明这些人承认海洋是一切水的主要源泉，但是不能想象降雨量会等于或超过河道径流量。当时典型的想法是海水从地下流到山脉底部，那儿有一个天然蒸馏器除去水中的盐分，水汽通过管道上升到山顶，在那里凝结，并从河流的源头流走。M.V.波利欧（大约公元前100年）看来就是像我们今天这样认识降水作用最早的人。
Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)was the next to suggest a modern view of the hydrologic cycle, but it remained for Pierre Perrault(1608-1680)to compare measured rainfall with the estimated flow of the Seine River to show that the stream-flow was about one-sixth of the precipitation.The English astronomer Halley(1656-1742)measured evaporation from a small pan and estimated evaporation from the Mediterranean Sea from these data.As late as 1921, however, some people still questioned the concept of the hydrologic cycle.达芬奇（1452-1519）是提出水文循环现代观点的第二个人，但一直到P.贝罗特（1608-1680）才把观测的雨量与估算的塞纳河的径流量进行比较，说明河川径流量约为降雨量的1/6.英国天文家哈罗（哈雷）从一个小盘子中测得的蒸发量，并且用这一资料估算地中海的蒸发量。然而直到1921年，有一些人仍然对水文循环的概念表示怀疑。
Precipitation was measured in India as early as the fourth century B.C., but satisfactory methods for measuring stream-flow were a much later development.Frontinus, water commissioner of Rome in A.D.97, based estimates of flow on cross-sectional area alone without regard to velocity.In the United States, organized measurement of precipitation started under the Surgeon General of the Army in 1819, was transferred to the Signal Corps in 1870, and finally, in 1891, to a newly organized U.S.Weather Bureau, renamed the National Weather Service in 1970.Scattered stream-flow measurements were made on the Mississippi River as early as 1848, but a systematic program was not started until 1888, when the U.S.Geological Survey undertook this work.It is not surprising, therefore, that little quantitative work in hydrology was done before the early years of the twentieth century, when men such as Hortan, Mead, and Sherman began to explore the field.The great expansion of activity in flood control, irrigation, soil conservation, and related fields which began about 1930 gave the first real impetus to organized research in hydrology, as need for more precise design data became evident.Most of today’s concepts of hydrology date from 1930.印度早在公元前4世纪就测量降水量了，但是令人满意的测量河道流量的方法很迟才得到发展。公元97年，罗马水利专员福朗堤努斯只按横断面面积估算流量，而不考虑流速。在美国，有组织地测量降水量是1819年在陆军军医总监领导下开始的，1870年移交给通信兵团，最后，在1891你那移交给新改组的美国气象局，该局于1970年改名为国家气象局。早在1848年密西西比河上就进行分散的河道流量测量了，但是，直到1888年美国地质调查局承担这项工作时，才开始实施系统的观测计划。霍德、米德和谢尔曼等人在20世纪早期刚开始对这一领域进行探索，因此，在这时期之前，在水文方面没有进行什么定量工作是不足为奇的。大约从1930年起，由于在防洪、灌溉、土地改良和有关领域中开展了大量活动，第一次为有组织地研究水文学提供了真正的动力，因为需要更精确的设计资料，这已是十分明显的事了。大多数现代水文学的概念从1930年就开始有了。hydrology in engineering水文学在工程中的应用
Hydrology is used in engineering mainly in connection with the design and operation of hydraulic structures.What flood flows can be expected at a spillway or highway culvert or in a city drainage system ? What reservoir capacity is required to assure adequate water for irrigation or municipal water supply during droughts? What effects will reservoirs, levees, and other control works exert on flood flows in a stream? These are typical of questions the hydrologist is expected to answer.在工程上，水文学主要用于水工建筑物的设计和运行，溢洪道、公路涵洞、或者城市排水系统会期望有什么样的洪水流量？需要多大的水库库容才能保证干旱季节里有足够的灌溉水量或城市供水呢？水库、堤坝或其他控制工程对河流洪水流量有什么影响？这些典型的问题等待水文学家去解答。
Large organization such as federal and state water agencies can maintain staffs of hydrologic specialists to analyze their problems, but smaller offices often have insufficient hydrologic work for full-time specialists.Hence, many civil engineers are called upon for occasional hydrologic studies.It is probable that these civil engineers deal with a larger number of projects and greater annual dollar volume than the specialists do.In any event, it seems that knowledge of the fundamentals of hydrology is an essential part of the civil engineer’s training.像联邦和州辖水利机构这样的大型组织，拥有一批水文专家来分析他们的问题，但较小的单位往往没有足够的水文工作给专职水文专家做。因此，许多土木工程师们应邀进行临时的水文研究。这些土木工程师处理的工程和年费用可能比水文专家还多。无论如何，水文学的基础知识看来是培训土木工程师所必不可少的一部分。subject matter of hydrology水文学研究的主要内容
Hydrology deals with many topics.The subject matter as presented in this book can be broadly classified into two phases: data collection and methods of analysis.Chapter 2 to 6 deals with the basic data of hydrology.Adequate basic data are essential to any science, and hydrology is no exception.In fact, the complex features of the natural processes involved in hydrologic phenomena make it difficult to treat many hydrologic processes by rigorous deductive reasoning.One can not always start with a basic physical law and from this determine the hydrologic result to be expected.Rather, it is necessary to start with a mass of observed facts, analyze these facts, and from this analysis to establish the systematic pattern that governs these events.Thus, without adequate historical data for the particular problem area, the hydrologist is in a difficult position.Most countries have one or more government agencies with responsibility for data collection.It is important that the student learn how these data are collected and published, the limitations on their accuracy, and the proper methods of interpretation and adjustment.水文学研究很多问题。本书所介绍的主要内容可大致分成两个方面：收集资料和分析方法。2～6章研究水文学的基本资料。充足的基本资料是任何一个一门科学所不可少的，水文学也不例外。事实上，水文现象中也包含着许多自然过程的复杂特征，用严密的推理来处理许多水文现象是困难的。人们并不总是能够从基本的自然法则出发，并由此来推求预期的水文结果。相反，从大量观察的事实出发，分析这些事实，并根据分析建立控制这些事件的系统模型确实十分必要的。因此，对于没有足够历史资料的特殊疑难地区，水文学家就将陷入困境。大多数国家有一个或更多的政府机构负责收集资料，重要的是要让学生学会这些资料是如何收集和刊出的，了解这些资料的精确度的局限性，学会整理分析和校正这些资料的专门的方法。
Typical hydrologic problems involve estimates of extremes not observed in a small data sample, hydrologic characteristic at locations where no data have been collected(such locations are much more numerous than sites with data), or estimates of the effects of man’s actions on the hydrologic characteristics of an area.Generally, each hydrologic problem is unique in that it deals with a distinct set of physical conditions within a specific river basin.Hence, quantitative conclusions of one
analysis are often not directly transferable to another problem.However, the general solution for most problems can be developed from application of a few relatively basic concepts.典型的水文问题包括估算小的数据样本中无法观测到的极值及估算无资料地区（这种地区比有资料的地区多得多）的水文特征值，或者估算人类活动对该地区水文特征值的影响。一般来说，每一个水文问题都是不同的，因为它涉及到特定流域内特有的自然条件。因此，某种分析所得的定量结论常常不能直接移用到另一个问题上。然而，应用一些比较基本的概念可以得出大多数问题都适用的一般解决方法。
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