第一篇：汉英翻译第七讲主语的处理
汉语翻译第七讲，句子的翻译 主语的处理
1.添加主语
（1）改革开放胆子要大一些，要敢于试验。分析：“改革开放”显然不能作主语。故须另添主语。
We must be courageous enough to venture on experiments
in the reform and opening to the world.（2）北静王笑道：名不虚传，果然如 “宝” 似 “玉”。（曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十五回）分析：名不虚传，如 “宝”似“玉”，指谁？显然是指宝玉，所以要加上主语“you”。译文：“You live up to your name,” remarked the prince.“You are really like precious jade.”
（3）得第一名获金牌，第四名什么也拿不到。
分析：”得第一名” 实际上是得第一名的人或运动员。汉语可以省，英语一定要添上。Whoever comes first wins a gold medal but anyone who comes fourth gets nothing.添加主语是无主句翻译的一个方法，这里添加的主语不能由原句中的其他成分来充当，是译者根据汉语意思推导出的逻辑主语，是英语完整表达中不可或缺的部分。但并非所有的汉语无主句在英译时都需要增补主语。
2.主语必须是句中应该突出的信息，改变主语。
由于英汉两种语言对主语的不同要求，就是原文的句子有主语，也不完全可以在英译文中用来作相同的主语。也就是说，汉语句子中的主语不一定都适合做英语句子的主语。
英语强调句子的重要住处应放在主要的位置上—主语位置上。而汉语没有这方面的要求。这样就要作调整。
（1）这次国家调动了160万军队去帮助守护大堤，将被洪水淹没地区的百姓迁走。分析：汉语以“国家”作主语没有问题。因为这一句子的住处重心是“160万军队”，而不是国家。在翻译时让原文的宾语调到主语位置上。由于“国家”不是重要停息，译不译就无所谓了。何况军队的调动总是国家进行的，不说也
1.6 million troops have been mobilized to help protect the dikes and to move out of areas being flooded.从这个例子中可以看出，在翻译中，要注意句子的信息主语，不要随便添加主语。如感到宾语是重要信息，可通过用被动结构等，让句子重要的信息放到主语的位置上。（2）人们已把李白的诗集译成了多种外国文字。
The collection of Li Bai’s poems has been translated into many foreign languages.（3）到去年年底，上海已与好几个国家签订了建造拉索桥的合同协议。
By the end of last year, contracts or agreements were signed with some countries for the construction of chain bridges of Shanghai.（4）上海采取了一系列的优惠政策来吸引外资。
A series of preferential policies have been adopted in Shanghai to attract foreign capital.分析：汉语中用地名、时间、工具作主语很普遍。如：“昨晚抓住了三个小偷”，“一把菜刀闹革命”，“校园东头盖了一栋房”。而英语中由于它们不是主要消息，往往处理成状语。同时，译文句子由汉语的主动语态变成相应的英语被动语态。（5）明年将出版更多的儿童读物。
More books for children will be published next year.（6）热烈欢迎世界各地客商来些建立和发展贸易关系。
Customers all over the world are warmly welcome to establish and develop business contacts with us.3.主语必须符合英美人的思维视角，改变主语。
由于中国文化中具有强烈的天人合一的观念，中国人在表达思想时十分注意主体意识，常以有生命的、具体的名词或代词作主语，多用主动语态和无主句。有时主语虽省略，主体意识仍然强烈，读者容易体会到。（1）我去年找工作处处碰壁，搞得我心乱如麻。
Job-hunting failed again and again last year.It made me terribly upset.分析：句中“我”虽然不是主语而是宾语，但是我们仍能体会到：是“我”找工作碰壁，“心乱如麻”的是我。
与汉语相反，英美人比较强调客观，注意客观事物对人的影响和作用，因此无生命、抽象的名词作主语远比汉语中多。
英语这类非人称主语句采用“无灵主语”（inanimate subject), 表示抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点，但谓语却常常使用“有灵动词”（animate verb），表示人或社会团体的动作和行为，如see, find,bring, give, kill, send, permit, invite, take, drive.英语用“无灵主语” 与“有灵动词”搭配的句式比汉语多，使用的场合也比汉语广。
汉语的“有灵动词”一般只能与人搭配，因为根据中国人的思想习惯，人或社会团体才有这类有这类意识、有意志的行为，非人类的、无生命的事物一般只能有一些无意识、无意志的行为、运动或变化。这时我说不出话来。
I could not utter a word then.分析：这样翻译，虽然语法正确，也能达意，但却不够地道。如下译法则地道得多： 改译：Words failed me here.再如
我昨天收到你的信。
Your letter reached me yesterday.我一时记不起他的名字。His name escapes me.不同的人对退休持不同的态度。
Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.由于计划不周，他不仅浪费了时间，而且浪费了所有的钱。
Poor planning wasted all his money as well as his time.比较译文
她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。
She has never thought that he was a dishonest man.（＊）
It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.（前者语法正确，便不够地道）
他突然发现地毯上有个深色斑点。
He suddenly saw a dark stain on the carpet.（＊）
A dark stain on the carpet caught his eyes/ suddenly attracted his attention 他两天就抽完了一包烟。
He finishes a pack of cigarettes in two day.（＊）
A pack of cigarettes lasts him only two days.原文中表示时间的词语可在翻译中用来作主语，同时谓语改为see，witness，find等
1998年召开了九届一次全国代表大会。The year 1998 witnessed the convocation of the 1st session of 9th National People’s Congress.2001年中国成功加入世贸。
The year 2001 saw China’s entry into WTO.可以采用 there be 句型取代原来的主语。他今天的举止有点反常。
-There is something strange about his behavior today.新工作不见得比原来的工作强。
-There’s no guarantee that the new job will be better than the old one.4 主语必须符合英语的逻辑搭配习惯，改变主语。
从语法角度看，汉语的主谓搭配习惯和英语的主谓搭配习惯不尽相同。汉语中的语语有时在英语的句子里不适合作英语的主语，因此这时要加以调整。如：他的英语讲得很好。如译为“his English speaks good”, 就不符合逻辑。如改一下主语： He speaks good English.就是地道的英语。
这种现象在汉语中常见，但在英语中，多数情况下，是视为一种语病。因此在汉译英中要注意这个区别，避免受汉语影响而出问题。
我们的事业从胜利走向新的胜利。
-Our cause has won victories one after another.（＊）
分析：译文不符合英语表达习惯，不是地道的英语。译文需要改写或增补主语。
-We have won one victory after another for our cause.或用被动态
-A series of victories have been won for our cause.任何新生事物的成长都要经过艰难曲折的。-Any emerging thing is bound to experience difficulties and setbacks before it reaches maturity.读书可以增长知识。
-Reading can acquire knowledge.（＊）-Through reading one can acquire knowledge.宗教不得干预政治。
-Religion must not interfere with politics.（＊）
-It is impermissible to interfere with politics in the name of religion.汉字在历史上有过不可磨灭的功绩。
-Chinese characters have made indelible contributions in history.（＊）-The system of Chinese character has played an invaluable role in our history.主语必须符合行文连贯的需要
作为句子 “龙头”的主语在连词成句、连句成篇、承上启下的过程中起着举足轻重的作用。因此选择译文的主语，还要考虑一个连贯一致的因素。英语中有一个修辞的原则，即平行一致原则（parallelism)。也就是说，相邻的几个句子在结构上要保持一致。为了保持连贯，英语往往通过避免重复原词，更多地使用照应和替代的方式来衔接上下文。汉语当中没有这样的要求，相邻几句的主语可以不一样，大量流水句的存在便是这种特点的体现。
父亲来封快信，上面说：“顷得汝岳丈电报……”
分析：两个句子的主语不同。前者是“父亲”，后者“上面说”，是指“信”。两个句子靠得这么近，有必要统一起来。由于此段的中心信息是信的内容，因此以“信”作主语可达到前后呼应的效果。
-One day an express letter came from his father.It read as follows: “ I have just received a telegram from your father-in-law….”
语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。
-The mastery of language is not easy and require painstaking effort.我父亲狂热地追求绘画，绘画已成了他生活的一切，要比母亲，比他的孩子，甚至比他自己都更为重要。
-For my father, painting was a governing passion.It came before Mother, before his children, and even before himself.（分析）：前后分句主语不同，有必要统一起来，让“绘画”作主语，把“我父亲”处理为状语。
白蛇精与一位书生相爱并生一子。（《白蛇传》
A：The White Snake Spirit fell in love with a young scholar and a child was born.（＊）
B：The White Snake Spirit fell in love with a young scholar, and gave birth to a son.分析：译文A中的第二个句子突然改变主语给人以跳脱之感，破坏了上下文的连贯。
我走过去，他向我伸出手。我的手被握在他粗糙的长满硬茧的手里。
分析：短短十几个字中出现三个主语，英译时要考虑主语如何统一的问题。I walked to him and took his outstretched hand which was rough with callus.三个主语 “我”、“他”、“他的手”处理成统一的“我”，行文流畅。Class-work 试译下列句子，注意主语的选择。
1、这几天心情颇不平静。（《荷塘月色》）
2、基本路线要管一百年，动摇不得。
3、觉民和觉慧从张家出来，已经过了11点，街上还是很热闹。（《家》）
4、过马路时要小心。
5、再走几步，就是图书馆。
参考答案
1、这几天心情颇不平静。（《荷塘月色》）I have felt quite upset recently.2、基本路线要管一百年，动摇不得。
We should adhere to the basic line for a hundred years, with no vacillation.3、觉民和觉慧从张家出来，已经过了11点，街上还是很热闹。（《家》）
It was already past 11 o’clock when Jue Min and Jue Hui stepped out of Chang’s house, but there was still considerable activity in the street.4、过马路时要小心。
Care is needed when you are crossing the road.5、再走几步，就是图书馆。
A few more steps will bring you to the library.“实告诉说罢，我的手脚子粗笨，又喝了酒，仔细失手打了这瓷杯（porcelain cup)。有木头杯取个来，便失手掉了地下也打不了。”（《红楼梦》第41回）参考答案
“To tell the truth, I’m clumsy.And now that I’m tipsy, unless I’m very careful, I may smash this porcelain cup.If you’d give me a wooden one it wouldn’t matter even if I dropped it.”
杨宪益 戴乃迭 译
第二篇：汉英翻译实践第二讲
I.原文(Source Text)
京剧大师梅兰芳
梅兰芳是伟大的京剧表演艺术家。可他小时候却被认为是“言不出众，貌不惊人”，不是学戏的料1。
梅兰芳小时候是个没人管的野孩子2。他八岁开始学戏，由于天资不出众，学了多时还不能开口唱戏。他平时寡言少语，见了人也不会说话3，总是无精打采的，眼睛也没有一点儿神4。姑母说他不行，连老师教了一段时间后也丧失了信心，不愿意再教下去了。
梅兰芳人虽小，但挺懂事5，也有股倔强劲儿。“你们说我不行，我偏要学。”梅兰芳暗暗下了决心。
从此，梅兰芳一有空就站在院子里的空地上朝天上看6。蔚蓝的天空，常有鸽子飞过，梅兰芳就拼命地7抬起眼，盯住鸽子，目送它向远处飞去，眼睛一眨也不眨。开始很难受，眼睛又酸又累，还不住地流眼泪，眼皮也挺吃力的。但是梅兰芳不怕苦和累，一直坚持不断地练习。就这样，梅兰芳的眼睛变得越来越有神，为日后演戏奠定了基础。
„„*
就这样，梅兰芳从一个不是唱戏的料，成长为有独特风格的京剧表演艺术家。
8梅兰芳唱红了，自然点名要他唱戏的人就多了，当时有不少社会名流、巨商富豪想用金钱收买他，利用他的名望笼络人心，赚大钱。然而梅兰芳面对金钱从不动心。
一天，梅兰芳演完戏正在后台卸装9，一个有名的巨商走了进来，满脸堆笑地对他说：“梅先生演技高超，我实在佩服。这是一点小意思，聊表敬意。”说着递过来一张l万元的现金支票。梅兰芳知道那人另有企图，接过支票后看也不看，就划了根火柴把它烧了。他对那人说：“艺术是不能用金钱收买的，你走吧。”那个巨商碰了一鼻子灰10，向梅兰芳赔礼道歉后，就灰溜溜地走了。————————
* 此处省略了梅兰芳是如何练唱腔、练腿功、练表情的。
II.理解难点提示(Suggestions for Comprehension of Difficulties)1.“不是学戏的料”用的是什么修辞格？什么意思？
2.此处“没人管的野孩子”是否意为“没人管教，调皮捣蛋的孩子”？看文中提到了哪些亲人，亲人对他的态度如何。
3.“不会说话”是否意为梅兰芳还没有学会说话？ 4.这个“神”是表情、精神，还是光彩？ 5.这里的“懂事”是否意为“乖”、“听话”？考虑后面的“倔强劲儿”。
6.“站”与“看”哪是主要行为？
7.“拼命地”究竟是说明“抬起眼”还是说明“盯住”？ 8.“唱红了”是什么意思？ 9.“卸装”包括哪些行为？
10.“碰了一鼻子灰”是什么意思？ III.译文(Target Text)
Mei Lanfang--Great Master of Beijing Opera Mei Lanfang was a great performing artist of Beijing opera.But when a child, he was judged to be “of mediocre speech and plain appearance,” without the makings of an actor.1
In his childhood, Mei Lanfang was a neglected child2.He began to learn acting at 8, but with mediocre endowment, he remained unable to act at all after having learnt for a long time.Usually taciturn, he wasn’t good at talking to people, always listless with lackluster eyes3.His aunt said that he was no good, and, having taught him for some time, even his master lost confidence and refused4 to go on teaching him.Child as he was, he was rather sensible, and stubborn, too.“You say I’m no good, but I will go on learning,” he said to himself, making up his mind.From then on, he would, whenever he was free5, stand in the clear space in the yard looking up at the sky.From time to time there were pigeons flying across the blue sky, and he would look up and strain his eyes to follow them into the distance6, never winking7.At first, it was painful8, and his eyes were sore and tired, with tears running and eyelids overstrained.But he persisted in training in spite of pain and tiredness.In this way, his eyes became brighter and brighter, which helped9 to lay a good foundation for his acting in days to come.…
Thus Mei Lanfang developed from a person who hadn’t got the makings of an actor into a performing artist of Beijing opera with a unique style.When he became successful as an actor, it was natural that many people would name him to act for them.At that time, not a few social celebrities, tycoons and rich and powerful people hoped to buy him off10 and make fortunes by exploiting his popularity.But he was never moved by money11.One day, he was backstage, removing his makeup and costume, when12 a rich merchant came in and said to him, all smiles, “I’m most impressed by your excellent acting, Mr.Mei.Here is a mere trifle for you, to show my respect.” So saying, he handed over a 10000-yuan check.Mei Lanfang, knowing that the man had other fish to fry13, took over the check, struck a match and burnt it without looking.He said to the man, “Art can’t be bought off with money.So beat it14.” Snubbed15, the man apologized to Mei Lanfang and went away in disgrace16.IV.表达解说(Explanation of Expression)1.have the makings(of)意为have the possibility of developing(into)，正是“是做„„的料”的意思。值得注意的是，一用have，一用“是”。
2.这里“管”是“照料”的意思。“没人管的”译为neglected是反说正译法。
3.原文四个分句呈竹节式结构，译文以he wasn’t good at talking to people为主，分出三个层次，译为葡萄式结构。
4.“不愿意”以正说法译为refused。
5.谓语部分较长，whenever he was free 较短，按英语先短后长(或者说句句末重心)的原则，置于动词stand之前。
6.“拼命地”实际上是修饰“盯住”的，但不能译followed hard，得译为strained his eyes to follow。一旦用了follow，就不能再将“飞”译为fly，而必须使用其习惯搭配：follow sb.to / into/ out of a place。the distance前用in(位置)或into(运动)。
7.winking暗含着eyes，his eyes不再译出来。8.“开始很难受”前省去的主语是“梅兰芳”，但painful是“令人痛苦的/令人难受的，主语必须变为指这件事的it。
9.练好眼睛只是演戏的基础的一个方面，所以译为which helped to lay…。10.“笼络”的具体手段是用钱收买，译为buy him off。11.原文以主动式说“对„„动心”，译文变为被动式was never moved。这提醒我们，翻译时英语被动式，有时可用原主语做主语，换个动词译为主动式。
12.某事正进行，另一件新的事情发生，英语用sth.was happening, when…。表面上看颠倒了修饰关系，但重点恰恰是后面的when从句。
13.“另有企图”译为习语have other fish to fry，具有贬义，恰好符合这里的上下文。14.“你走吧！”是下逐客令，不客气，译为 “So beat it.”风格一致。
15.“碰一鼻子灰”是习语。碰到了墙上，鼻子上才有灰，所以“碰一鼻子灰”就是“碰到了墙上”，说穿了就是被人很不客气地拒绝。英语没有相当的习语，译为Snubbed。16.“灰溜溜”就来源于“碰一鼻子灰”，但只能译出修辞意义in disgrace。
课后练习：
王 冕 吴敬梓
虽然如此说，元朝末年，也曾出了一个光明磊落的人。这人姓王名冕，在诸暨县乡村里住。七岁上死了父亲，他母亲做些针指，供给他到村学堂里去读书。看看三个年头，王冕已是十岁了。母亲唤他到面前来说道：“儿啊，不是我有心要耽误你，只因你父亲亡后，我一个寡妇人家，只有出去的，没有进来的；年岁不好，柴米又贵；这几件旧衣服和些旧家伙，当的当了，卖的卖了；只靠着我替人家做些针指生活寻来的钱，如何供得你读书？如今没奈何，把你雇在间壁人家放牛，每月可以得他几钱银子，你又有现成饭吃，只在明日就要去了。”
王冕道：“娘说的是。我在学堂里坐着，心里也闷，不如往他家放牛倒快活些。假如我要读书，依旧可以带几本去读。”当夜商议定了。
第二日，母亲同他到间壁秦老家。秦老留着他母子两个吃了早饭，牵出一条水牛来交与王冕。
王冕自此只在秦家放牛，每到黄昏，回家跟着母亲歇息。或遇秦家煮些腌鱼腊肉给他吃，他便拿块荷叶包了来家，递与母亲。每日点心钱，他也不买了吃，聚到一两个月，便偷了空，走到村学堂里，见那闯学堂的书客，就买几本旧书。日逐把牛拴了，坐在柳阴树下看。
(选自《儒林外史》)
第三篇：汉英翻译
白菜
Chinese cabbage
密码
password 手机
mobile phone
救火
to fight a fire 早恋
puppy love
买一赠一
Buy one，get one free.青春痘
acne
长镜头
zoom lens 方便面
instant noodles
隐形眼镜
contact lens 绿豆
mung bean
卧室
bedroom 试穿
to try sth.on
食言
break a promise 番茄酱
ketchup
酸奶
yoghurt 戴绿帽子
to cuckold sb.黄色书籍
pornography book 高等学校
higher school
农民
farmer 宣传
popularize
物美价廉
economical and good 你红光满面
You look healthy and energetic.他是个气管炎
He is a hen-pecked man.假花
artificial flower
假唱
lip-synch 假钞
counterfeit money
假酒
adulterated wine 假新闻
pseudo-news
恶性循环
vicious circle 恶性肿瘤
malignant tumor
恶性通货膨胀
inflationary spiral
词组翻译
一窝蜜蜂
a swarm of bees
一窝小鸡
a brood of chickens 一窝幼犬
a litter of pups
一群美女
a bevy of beautiful ladies 一群猎狗 a pack of hounds 一群鸭
a team of ducks 一群羚羊
a herd of antelopes 积极支持
unfailing support 积极的财政政策
proactive fiscal policy 积极利用国外资源 make effective use of overseas resource 1.富华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。
You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture.2.他们讲索求，我们讲贡献。
They preach taking from others，whereas we advocate giving to others.3.她追求的是真理，而他追求的是荣华富贵。
What she seeks is truth，and what he hankers after is nothing but high position and great wealth.4.在整个改革开放过程中都要反对腐败。
Throughout the process of reform and opening, we must combat corruption.5.阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫”！Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground，spat，and swore，“Hairy worm！”
6.他抓住了小偷的衣服。
He seized the pickpocket by the collar.7.他走进屋里，大衣上尽是雪，鼻子冻得通红。
He entered the room，his coat covered with snow and his nose red with cold.8.金杯牌充气床垫工艺先进，结构新颖，造型美观，款式繁多，舒适大方，携带方便。
The “Golden Cup”Brand air-filled bed cushions are made in advanced technology.With novel structure,beautiful shape and various patterns,they are comfortable and convenient to carry.9.匪军所至，杀戮人民，奸淫妇女，焚毁村庄，掠夺财物，无所不用其极。Wherever they went,they massacred and raped,burned and looted,and stopped at nothing.10.他们意气风发。They are in high spirits.11.他们喜形于色。They beamed with joy.12.他们眼明手快。
He is of quick of eye and deft of hand.13.这篇文章浅显易懂。
This article is easy to read and understand.14.我对他敬而远之。I stood aloof from him.15.人群渐渐地安静了下来。The crowd came to silence.16.一座古塔阴森森地矗立在山腰上。
An ancient pagoda frowns on the mountainside.17.但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。But the depth of a novel,or the excellence of its artistry and idea,does not depend on whether it has a grand theme.18.他的粗鲁行为使我很震惊。His rudeness shocked me.19.远近/长短/大小/高矮 distance/length/size/height
20.本公司生产的地毯美丽大方,光彩夺目，富丽堂皇。
The carpets made in our company are beautiful and magnificent.21.目标的轻重缓急，孰轻孰重应该仔细研究，认真考虑和反复推敲。Target priorities should be very carefully studied.22.那件令人不快的事件，已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。There has been much publicity about the unpleasant case.23.他想远走高飞，免得心烦。He sought the distraction of distance.24.这只船容易颠覆，因为它造型不合理。
This boat is apt to overturnbecause it is unreasonably shaped.25.厨房又脏又乱。
The kitchen was in a mess.26.他不参加比赛，我感到很失望。
To my disappointment，he did not attend the competition.27.父亲不赞成地看着他。
Father looked at him in disapproval.28.他惊讶地望着我。
He looked at me in amazement.29.他起得很早，且一向如此。
He rose early，as he had always done.30.他与侵略者合作，出卖了自己的国家。
He collaborated with the invaders and betrayed his motherland.31.那个人醉心名利。
That chap is infatuated with fame and fortune.32.在加州发现黄金的消息轰动全国。
News of the discovery of gold in California excited the nation.33.政府支持这个项目。
The government is behind this project.34.1949年中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。1949 witnessed great changes in China.35.5月1日会议开幕了。
May day saw the opening of the meeting.36.我一时记不起他的名字。
His name escaped my memory for the moment.37.选择朋友，越谨慎越好。
One can never be too careful in the choice of one’s friends.38.今年的十月一号是个星期五。
The National Day of this year falls on a Friday.39.那里的工艺品品种齐全，价格公道，质量可靠。
The arts and crafts there are complete in range ,reasonable in price and reliable in quality.40.听到敲门声，我顿时睡意全消。
The knock on the door made me wide awake.41.生活的浮沉使他变得颓废。
The ups and downs of his life made him prop out.42.他又厚着脸皮要钱了吗？
Did he have the cheek to ask for more money？
43.听那个鬼故事时，我简直要吓死了。
I was scared to death when listening to that ghost story.44.他家里有好多张嘴要喂。
He has many mouths to feed in his family.45.这对年轻的夫妇并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。
This young couple is not well matched，one is a Xi Shi--a famous Chinese beauty，while the other is a Zhang Fei--a well-known ill-tempered brute.46.我很瞧不起他，他是个马屁精。
I look down upon him，for he is such an apple polisher.47.由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。
The isolation of the rural world，because of distance and lack of tansport facilities，is compounded by the paucity of the information media.48.当时，车辆横冲直撞，严重地威胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.49.他有一种令人难堪的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。He has a disgusting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.50.请允许我代表中国体操协会向参加这次邀请赛的朋友们表示热烈的欢迎。Please allow me，on behalf of the Chinese Gymnastics Association，to extend a warm welcome to all our friends who have come for the Tournament.51.全城披上节日盛装。
The whole city is in holiday array.52.小汽车盘旋着，穿过村庄，翻越峡谷，沿着一条因解冻而涨水的小溪行驶。The car wound through the village and up a narrow valley,following a thaw-swollen stream。
53.有些时装设计师为了赶时髦，舍弃了优雅别致的式样，而一味追求袒胸露体的奇装异服。
In line with the latest trends in fashion, a few designers have been sacrificing elegance to audacity.54.不过我们说到故事后头去了。But we are getting ahead of the story.55.请先走。/请走在前面。After you.56.我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点声音也没有。The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.57.我们可借助专门的仪器观察到电波在传播。
With the help of a special instrument we can observe the electric waves travelling along.58.国家不论大小贫富，都应一律平等。
All nations，large or small，rich or poor，should be equal.59.如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。
It would be appreciated if samples or brochure could be soon sent to us.60.他过马路时，左顾右盼，害怕撞到过路的车。
While crossing the street,he looked right and left ,for fear that he might run into some passing car.61.我访问了一些地方，遇到了不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。
There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.62.来宾请出示入场券。
Visitors are requested to show their tickets.63.约翰真的爱玛丽，而玛丽也爱约翰。
John actually loved Mary and was loved in return.64.人的思想形成语言，而语言有影响了人的思想。Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought.65.干得很顺手，上汽车没到三分钟，一个钱包就到手了，鼓鼓囊囊的，看来钱不少。
An easy work.Hardly three minutes on the bus ,and he had laid hands on a purse, bulgy, apparently full of money.66.父亲毕竟比她多吃了几年盐，她的男朋友是什么样的人，父亲一看就知道。After all,father has much more worldly experience than her.So he will be able to tell, at a glance,what kind of man her boyfriend is.67.但他性情与人不同，不求名利，不交朋友，终日只是忙于自己的本职工作。He is , however, eccentric.He does not seek fame and gain,and does not like to make friends.Every day he is only engaged in his own job.68.一定要言行一致，理论与实践密切结合，反对华而不实和任何虚夸，少说空话，多做工作，扎扎实实，埋头苦干。
Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely intergrated.We must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting.There must be less empty talk and more hard work.We must be steadfast and dedicated.69.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out,it blows up everything with it.70.世界上一些国家发生问题，从根本上说，都是因为经济上不去，没有饭吃，没有衣穿，没有房住，工资增长被通货膨胀抵消，生活水平下降，大批人下岗和失业，长期过紧日子。
Basically, the root cause for social unrest in some countries lies in their failure to boost their economy.Consequently,the lack food, clothing and shelter, and their wage increases are offset by inflation.With a decline in living standards, widespread layoffs and unemployment, people have to suffer chronic hardships.71.40年来，武汉杂技在继承了传统杂技的基础上，大胆吸收其他姊妹艺术之长，运用多种艺术手段，将布景，灯光，道具，美术融为一体，使杂技表演成为综合性的表演艺术。
For 40 years，based on traditional acrobatic techniques，Wuhan acrobatics has absorbed bravely the strong points of other sister arts and mixed together scenery，lighting，costume and fine art by all kinds of artistic methods so that the acrobatic performance becomes a comprehensive art of performance.72.他俩能在地里找口粗茶淡饭，完全是靠丈夫起早贪黑的耕作。
It was only by the busband’s incessant labor that they could draw a meager living from their land.73.听了这话，他笑了，双唇合成一条曲线，露出一副悔恨的样子。但两眼仍熠熠发光，脉脉含情。这种感情她不敢认同。
He smileed at that, with a rueful curve of his lips, but his eyes were alight with emotion she was afraid to identify.74.她身材矮小，容貌端庄，鼻子俏丽，头发光亮鉴人。
Although she was both short and slender，she had a dignified and elegant countenance，a fine nose and shinny hair.75.凭窗站了一会儿，微微地觉得凉意侵人。转过身来，忽然眼花缭乱，屋子里的别的东西，都隐在光云里。
Standing at the window for a while, I felt a big chill.As I turned round,my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly.Everything in the room was blurred by a haze of light.76.蜗阳苔干，名优特产，驰名中外，声震古今，翠绿，鲜嫩，清脆，可口，有“天然海蜇”之称；清乾隆年间奉献皇宫，故又名“贡菜”。
Taigan(a kind of dry stemmed vegetable)is a famous special local product of Woyang,Anhui Province.It is well-known all over the world.It can be regarded as “jellyfish on land”.It’s green, tender,crisp and pleasant to taste.It was once an article of tribute in the Qing Dynasty.
第四篇：汉英习语翻译中文化因素的处理
英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考
最新200份英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作
8英国历险小说《所罗门王的宝藏》 比较分析《野草在歌唱》与《倾城之恋》中女性的爱情婚姻观 英汉习语中隐喻的民族性及其翻译策略 An Analysis of the Problems on Chinese Early Childhood Education 矛盾的女性意识：从《傲慢与偏见》看简•奥斯汀的婚恋观 艺术与现实之间的冲突－－解读毛姆的《月亮和六便士》 梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》和道家思想在自然观上的比较 Yellow Peril–the Image of Fu Manchu in the West 从语用角度和文化角度浅谈隐喻的翻译论应变能力在同声传译中的应用中西方文化中家庭观念差异研究——以电影《推手》为例法律语言及其翻译研究高中英语写作前口语活动设计与实施建议用陌生化理论阐述《红色手推车》的悲剧色彩浅析短篇小说《我不再爱你》的荒诞性论英语俚语的汉译—以奈达的功能对等理论为指导从惩罚角度看中美育儿观经贸英语中的缩略语现象及其应用论委婉语与国际商务谈判从归化与异化角度浅析《毛泽东选集》英译本中文化负载词的翻译官方语言中的中国英语分析－－从目标人群接受性角度谈起从电影《弱点》看美国的家庭教育A Study on the Game Teaching Strategy for English Young Learns《游泳者》中的艺术特色论散文翻译中的风格再现——以朱纯深、张培基英译《匆匆》为例从功能对等理论看汉语文化负载词的英译《了不起的盖茨比》中色彩的象征意义中英礼貌用语差异浅谈体态语在小学英语教学中的作用Analysis of Love Tragedy in The Apple Tree in Light of Realism
英语中法语外来词对英国文化的影响
解读《哈利•波特》中纳西莎•马尔福的形象
浅析焦虑对英语专业学生英语口语的影响
On C-E Translation of Company Profiles from the Perspective of Functional Translation Theory
《海狼》主人公汉弗莱•韦登成长新论
茶文化和咖啡文化
从绝望到适应——鲁滨逊在孤岛上的心理变化
欧亨利与马克吐温的讽刺对比——以短篇小说为例
The Comparison of the Two Main Characters in Daniel Defoe’s Roxana and Emily Zola’s Nana
The Poet’s Identity in Keats’s Six Odes
解析斯嘉丽的性格及其对现代社会女性的借鉴意义
谭恩美《灶神之妻》文化解读
英美小说《傲慢与偏见》和《飘》中的女性主体意识比较分析
A Contrastive Study of Politeness Principle in English and Chinese
论《了不起的盖茨比》中的象征手法
流行歌曲歌词中的英汉语码转换研究
孤独而坚强的灵魂－－《被遗弃的韦瑟罗尔奶奶》中爱伦•韦瑟罗尔的性格分析 48 从依恋理论看《呼啸山庄》主人公希斯克利夫悲剧性格的形成49 礼貌原则在商务谈判中的应用
对《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观重新解读
“红”的中英对比及其翻译
Personality that Matters: A Psychological Analysis of the Misunderstanding between Elizabeth and Darcy
现代英语情歌中的隐语研究
Memory Theories and Their Applications to English Vocabulary Learning
透过好莱坞校园电影解析美国青少年的特点
浅谈汉英时间隐喻的文化异同
《人性的污点》中主要人物的悲剧命运与社会原因的分析
英汉否定形式的语用对比研究
隐转喻名名复合词的语义分析
元认知策略对英语写作的影响
通过分析《德伯家的苔丝》中主要人物形象分析哈代的宿命论思想 英语中源于希腊罗马神话主要神祇姓名词汇的认知探索 浅析乔治•奥威尔《一九八四》中的极权统治手段 爱伦坡侦探小说的特征与影响
试析《我知道笼中鸟为何歌唱》的成长主题
会话中性别差异的语用研究
浅析“苹果”广告中的文化因素
中国领导人讲话中中国特色词汇的汉英翻译
从现代主义角度分析《无名的裘德》中裘德的无根性
男权社会下康妮女性身份的诉求－－D.H.劳伦斯《查泰莱夫人的情人》的研究 71 《雾都孤儿》中的童话模式解读
Conversational Humor in American Sitcoms——A Case Study of The Big Bang Theory 73 中西酒文化比较
海明威的冰山理论在《一个干净明亮的地方》中的应用
中餐菜名的英译与饮食文化传播
顺应理论视角下《红楼梦》中社交指示语的英译研究
《简爱》和《吕贝卡》中女权意识的对比 A New View of Feminism in The Mill on the Floss River 论“看，易，写”方法在旅游翻译中的应用 爱伦坡侦探小说中恐怖气氛的营造方法
The Narrative Strategies of O.Henry’s Short Stories
对林语堂的《吾国与吾民》几种中译本比较研究
解读艾丽斯•沃克《紫色》中的家庭
浅析《瑞普•凡•温克尔》中的浪漫主义
跨文化交际中的移情及其能力的培养 英语谚语重复修辞格的翻译 叶芝诗歌中的象征主义手法 用批评性语言分析中美主要矛盾
钱钟书翻译研究
《通天铁路》中超验主义与清教思想救赎观冲突之探析
《荒原》中死亡与复活的意象分析
从电影功夫字幕翻译谈文化负载词的翻译
《欲望号街车》中布兰奇的悲剧成因分析
爱米丽与祥林嫂悲剧的比较研究
从目的论看儿童文学翻译－－兼评《小王子》中英译本
论黑暗中的光明在《八月之光》中的体现
外语学习焦虑与口语成绩的相关性研究
《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿从抗拒到妥协的精神之旅
对非英语专业大学生英语自主学习能力的调查
论多丽丝•莱辛小说《金色笔记》中的现代女性意识的体现
论女同性恋成长小说－－简析珍妮特.温特森《橘子不是唯一的水果》
从《金色笔记》看多丽丝•莱辛的女性意识
狄金森、席慕蓉爱情诗中隐喻现象对比研究
从玛氏公司看英美文化对广告的影响
从生长环境看林黛玉与简爱的反抗性格之差异
A Study of Humor in Films and TV Series Subtitles and Its Translation
温和的反叛者——论《小妇人》中的女性群像
英汉“红色”与“黑色”词汇的对比研究
析《喧哗与骚动》的写作手法
功能对等理论透视下的影视片名翻译
从约翰•邓恩的“奇思妙喻”中透视他矛盾的情感观
从会话含义角度解读《老友记》的言语幽默效果
反思任务型教学在高中教学中的应用
美国梦的幻灭——论《推销员之死》
中式英语的成因及对策分析
《洛丽塔》—时间的悲剧
旅游宣传资料翻译中的语用因素
《布罗迪小姐的青春》中的人物冲突分析
论不同语境下广告语中双关语的翻译原则
小学任务型英语教学中的课堂游戏研究
Passion & Religion — A Comparison between The Scarlet Letter and The Thorn Birds 122 种族沟通的桥梁——对《宠儿》中两个丹芙的人物分析
极权主义下人性的扭曲—— 用福柯的空间理论解读乔治·奥威尔的《》
Chinese Translations of English Film Titles：A Perspective of Functional Equivalence 125 中西方在养老孝道方面的差异
On the Female Image in The Oval Portrait
论英语广告中隐喻的翻译
从莎翁作品透视伊丽莎白时期女性社会地位
A Study on the Role of Parents in Primary School English Learning
从《汤姆叔叔的小屋》看基督教对美国黑奴的精神救赎
文学课程中的文化导入
谈目的论视角下的商标翻译
论人文主义在《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》中的体现
论礼貌策略在商务信函写作中的运用
The Effects of Family Education on Personalities in Little Women
商务英语中的颜色词浅析
体态语在中美交际中的差异及原因
中西礼貌用语的语用对比研究
浅析美国嘻哈文化影响下的美国俚语
从生态批评的角度解读《查特莱夫人的情人》
从《马拉喀什》和《射象》看乔治•奥威尔散文的艺术风格
《哈利•波特》中斯内普的人物分析
论“迷惘的一代”告别“美国梦”——浅谈《永别了，武器》和《了不起的盖茨比》 144 解读奥斯丁小说《诺桑觉寺》对哥特传统的模仿与颠覆
视角转换理论在英文电影字幕中汉译的应用
A Cross-Cultural Study on Linguistic Taboo
从数字的联想意义研究中西文化的差异
On the Feminist Consciousness Reflected in Pride and Prejudice
英语广告语中隐喻的研究
对比评析《了不起的盖茨比》中尼克和盖茨比的梦想
151 对英汉基本颜色词翻译的跨文化研究
152 英汉颜色词文化内涵的异同分析
153 《红字》中海斯特性格分析
154 小说《鸡蛋的胜利》中扭曲的“美国梦”
155 How to Arouse the Students’Interests in English Learning
156 浅析《傲慢与偏见》中伊丽莎白和达西关系的转变
157 《榆树下的欲望》之农场意象－－基于生态女性主义的分析
158 幻灭的美国梦：《夜色温柔》的象征意义解读
159 爵士时代美国东西部的差距在盖茨比的人生悲剧中所扮演的角色
160 The Influence of Westward Movement on American National Character
161 Eco-Critical Reading of The Call of the Wild
162 福克纳短篇小说《献给爱米莉的玫瑰》叙事技巧分析
163 A Study of the Characters and Their Influence on the Hero of The Catcher in the Rye 164 Jude the Obscure and Hardy’s World View
165 英语法律文本翻译原则
166 从“爱的习惯”看多丽丝•莱辛笔下的两性关系
167 中西幽默异同探析
168 A Reflection upon American Heroism Based on Reviews ofHollywood Movies
169 Whose Portrait Is This—Exploring Oscar Wilde’s Complex Personality
170 Bertha Is Jane:A Psychological Analysis of Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre
171 《了不起的盖茨比》中象征主义的研究
172 Double Vision in Characterization in The Great Gatsby
173 美国校园俚语发展的促动因素看美国的自由精神
174 浅析《道林•格雷的画像》中的女性形象
175 《动物农场》中隐喻的应用及其政治讽刺作用
176 论旅游指南的翻译
177 中西文化差异在家庭教育中的体现
178 中英姓氏差异及其原因探究
179 The Environmental Influence on Emily Brontë and “Wuthering Heights”
180 案例教学法在英语口语教学中的应用
181 析《瑞普•凡•温克尔》三个译本的翻译策略
182 爱米莉•狄金森诗歌中的植物隐喻
183 从《一个干净明亮的地方》解析海明威的冰山理论
184 An Analysis of Marguerite’s Tragedy in The Lady of the Camellias
185 埃德娜： 一个孤独的女战士——解读凯特•肖邦的《觉醒》
186 浅析《警察与赞美诗》中欧•亨利的写作风格
187 Research on the Re-creation in the Translation of the Trademarks in Different Cultures 188 英汉习语中的文化差异及翻译研究
189 中美不同家庭教育观念对孩子语表达的影响－－从个人主义与集体主义的角度分析 190 试析与地理环境有关的英语成语及其文化内涵
191 背诵在中学英语学习中的作用
192 功能对等理论指导下的广告翻译
193 Interpretations of Cultural Differences in Temporal Aspect by Comparing Lin Shu’s Translation of Uncle Tom’s Cabin with Later Translator’ Versions
194 An Analysis of Gothic Atmosphere in The Shining
195 解读《金色笔记》中的女性主义
196 从功能翻译理论的角度论中文菜单的英译
197 汉英习语翻译中文化因素的处理
198 浅析托妮·莫里森《宠儿》中人物的身份建构
199 论《太阳照常升起》中的象征主义
200 对《璃琅三部曲》中爱尔兰人的人性分析
第五篇：汉英翻译技巧
汉英翻译技巧
第一节 汉语无主语句的英译处理
一、祈使句对应为祈使句
e.g.小心轻放。
Handle with care.量体裁衣，看菜吃饭。Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes.宁为鸡首，不为牛后。Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse.二、采用英语的被动结构译出 采用英语被动结构翻译的汉语无主语句一般的情况：一是某些表示事物存在的无主语句；二是有些句子突出宾语部分，在翻译时可以不用补出主语而用原句中的宾语来充当主语。e.g.这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。More apartments will be built here.利用发电机，可以将机械能转变为电能。
The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator.在合同中，详细地规定了双方必须履行的各种条件。
In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in detail.没有爱心，就无法了解人生。
Life cannot be understood without much charity.三、采用倒装语序 e.g.地下埋藏着大量的金银。
Hidden underground is a wealth of gold and silver.随着一声吼叫，忽的从树林里窜出一只老虎来。
Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.山里住着个老和尚。
In the mountain lived on an old monk.四、采用 THERE BE 结构 例句：没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。
Without facility, there would be no difficulty;without difficulty, there would also be no facility.剩下的时间不多了。There is very little time left.萝卜白菜，各有所爱。
There is no accounting for taste.无水则无鱼。
Without water there would be no fish.楼下有人想和你说话。
There is a man downstairs who wants to speak to you.you are wanted downstairs.五、采用 IT 作主语译出
例句：要解决问题，还必须做系统、周密的调查工作和研究工作。
In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study.与自然作斗争，倍感快乐。It is a great joy to battle against nature.活到老学到老。
It is never too old to learn.子曰：学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？
Confucius said, is it not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what one has learnt? Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afar?
六、增添适当的代词或名词充当主语 例句： 知彼知己，百战不殆。
If you know your enemy and yourself, you can fight a hundred battles without peril.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
If one does not enter the tiger’s den, how can he get a tiger’s cub.六、因文制宜，区别对待
例句：未经审批机关批准，合同中不得规定禁止接受方在合同期满后继续使用技术的条款。
Unless approval has been obtained from the examining and approving organ, a contract shall not include provisions prohibiting the recipient from continuing to use the technology after the expiry of the contract term.由于英语被接受为联合国的官方语言之一，这就使英语在国际外交场合使用得更为广泛了。
The use of English in international diplomacy is strengthened by its acceptance as one of the official languages of the U.N.说明白了一切，就再无奥妙可言了。It will leave nothing in obscurity;everything is seen.Exercises: 1.要适可而止，否则就要完蛋。
2.不远处传来了提琴的声音，调子哀enough, or we will die.Enough is 伤。Not far away from the sound of the fiddle, and that'll sorrow.3.在游廊的最左端，靠近一道门，坐着一位将近30岁的男子。
4.他的书桌上放着带有细菌的小碟the left, near a door, sits a nearly 30 years old man.Most of the veranda at 子。His desk is put a little dish of bacteria
All in all, it was two 5.总之，是两点而不是一点。
6.花瓶里没有水了。and not a bit.The vase no water.7.要
很容易看得出来那作家是一位生手，刚从事写作。8.。
Very easy to see the writer is a beginning, just writing
9.不怕一万，就怕万一one thousand.Ten thousand not afraid, afraid of 10.还看不出来他能挑得起这副担子。Also see he can pick up the burden alone.11.去年
12.必须认真做好建厂前的准备工作。The factory must do the preparing work before.Should teach children to 13.应该教导儿童讲实话。
14.必须保证8小时的睡眠。
15.发现了错误，一定要改正。tell the truthhours of sleep.must correct.Must ensure that eight
Find a mistake，第二节、汉语“是”字句的英译处理
一、表示“等同”
例句：他最佩服的就是你。
Of all the people, you are the one he admires most.二、表示“类属” 例句：这台机器是进口的。
The machine was imported from abroad.他是来找你的。He is here to see you.三、表示“事物状态” 例句：要是旧社会，遇上这样大的水灾，早已是哀鸿遍野了。
If a flood of such magnitude had hit the land in the old days, the stricken area would have been a scene of desolation and despair.你现在是身不由己，只能听他的。You have to listen to him whether you like it or not.四、表示“存在” 例句：她满脸是泪，默不作声。She was soundless and her cheeks were bathed in tears.别看他长得胖，其实浑身是病。Despite his stout build, he suffers from all sorts of diseases.五、在两个类似结构中表示“区别”，转换为英语相对的对比结构。例句：他是他，我是我，我们谁也管不着谁。
We have our own wills, he and I, neither is the other’s master.昨天是昨天，今天是今天，情况是不断变化的。
Events are moving very fast;what was true yesterday may not be so today.这个人言行不一，说是说，做是做。This man’s deeds do not match his words;he never practices what he preaches.敌是敌，友是友，必须分清界限。A friend is a friend, a foe is a foe;one must be clearly distinguished from the other.六、表示“让步”，用适当的副词或者让步句型来体现。例句：书是好书，可惜贵了点。It is true that this is a good book, but it’s a bit too expensive.他的本意是好的，只是措辞不当。He meant well, but he didn’t put across his ideas properly.你就是有天大的本事，恐怕也施展不开。
However capable you are, you probably can do nothing in this circumstance.这房子老是老，但离商店近，采购方便。
Indeed, the house is old, but as it is close to the stores, it is convenient for shopping.六、表示“强调”，一般转换为强调句式 例句：是谁教你这样做的？ Who told you to do so? 是这位解放军战士救了你。
It was this PLA man who saved you.我写的信是给她的，不是你。
It was to her that I wrote a letter, not to you.七、表示“凡是”，由英语习惯句型决定。
例句：是人都会犯错误。
Every man is liable to error./ No one is free from error.是孩子他都喜欢。He loves all children.正如一句话所说，是亲三分像。As an old saying goes, blood is thicker than water.是重活他都抢着干。Whenever there is a tough job, he is always the first to do it.八、表示“恰当” 例句：屋里的家具放得都不是地方。The furniture in the room is arranged exactly where it should not be.你来得正是时候。
You have come just in the nick of time./ You can’t have come at a better come.她穿的裙子很是漂亮。
The dress looks very beautiful on her.九、表示“选择”或“疑问” 例句：你是看电视还是听音乐？ 他不是出国了么？
十、表示“确认”，有强调的意思，一般通过助动词、副词或短语来体现。
例句：她爸爸是不同意她和汤姆来往的。
Her father does disapprove of her having anything to do with TOM.这件事他是不知道。
He certainly doesn’t know this.这孩子是可爱。
The child is lovely indeed.我不是不懂，只是不想说。
It is not that I didn’t understand, but that I didn’t want to say anything.十一、表示“特征”，一般直译。例句：马克思主义的基本原理是普遍适用的。
The fundamental tenets of Marxism are universally applicable.本领高强的人，往往是谦虚好学的。Men of capability are often modest and show a desire to learn.作战时他总是身先士卒，故能所向披靡。
He was always at the head of his men in battle, and so his army was invincible.练习题
1、我们是坐船去武汉的。
2、玩弄她的感情是卑鄙的。
3、这个故事好是好，就是长了点。
4、这场火灾是他们不小心而引起的。
5、满屋都是烟，连他衣服上都是烟味。
6、他开办这家工厂完全是白手起7、8、9、10、11、12、家的。
这本书我是有的，可是我一下找不到。
这原来是破旧、窄小的一条旧街。
这人真讨厌，总是死皮赖脸的缠着人家。
既然要搞掉他，罗织罪名还不是易如反掌。
今天开这个会啊，是想听听各方面的意见。
不管怎么样，我是决意要完成这项任务的。
Keys: 1.We went to wuhan by chartered boat.2.It was mean of him to play with her/affections.3.It is a good story all right, but a bit too long.4.The fire resulted from their carelessness.5.Smoke filled the room;even his clothes smelled of smoke.6.He built up his factory literally from nothing.7.I have the book somewhere but I cannot lay my hands on it now.8.This place was originally a narrow, shabby street.9.The man is quite a nuisance;he keeps pestering/bothering others/me shamelessly.10.Now that they have decided to get rid of him, charges can easily be framed.11.Look！We are holding this meeting today to make sure that different opinions are put forward freely.12.I mean to accomplish the task, come what may happen.汉语习语的英译处理
习语是人们在语言发展过程中，经过长期的社会实践提炼出来的短语或者短句，是语言的精华。从广义上讲，汉语习语包括成语、谚语、俗语、歇后语等。具体特点表现在：
1、习语本身是修辞手段的集中体现，如谐音等来增加美感，如“嘴上没毛，办事不牢”，“吃得苦，耐得烦；不怕死，霸得蛮”；英语中的“by hook or by crook”, as red as a rose。
2、习语是语言中独立、不规则而固定的因素。如“露出马脚”不能说成“露出猪脚”，“雪中送炭”不能说成“雪中送煤”。基于上述特点，翻译过程中必须注意：
1、尽量保存原文的民族特色和风格，在可能的情况下以直译为主。
2、不能把习语当做普通语句处理，注意修辞美感。
一、汉语习语英译的常用方法
1、英语同义句借用法
A: 借用意义和形象相同或相似的 B: 借用意义相同但形象不同的 例如： A:
随大流，以牙还牙 隔墙有耳 一文不名绞尽脑汁 针锋相对 时时刻刻 千钧一发 浑水摸鱼 swim with the tide a tooth for a tooth walls have ears
without a penny to one’s
name
to rack one’s brain give tit for tat every now and then hung by a thread to fish in troubled water
如坐针毡 a bed of thorns 谋事在人，成事在天
Man proposes, God disposes 星星之火可以燎原
Little chips light great fire.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳 Once bit, twice shy.空中楼阁、君子协定、事实胜于雄辩、有其父必有其子、B:
半斤八两 six of one and half a dozen of the other 无足轻重
of no account 锦囊妙计
ace in the hole/sleeve 非公莫入
no admittance 徒劳无益
hold a candle to the sun 茫然若失
be all adrift 水中捞月
fish in the air 乳臭未干
the smell of the baby 寿终正寝
die in the bed 一丘之貉
birds of a feather(flock together)
2、直译法
蓬头垢面 with disheveled hair and dirty face
求同存异 see common ground while reserving differences 扑朔迷离
complicated and confusing
朴实无华
simple and unadorned 能者多劳
the abler a man, the busier he gets.自力更生 regeneration through one’s own efforts 顺水推舟 push the boat with current 欺软怕硬 bully the weak and fear the strong 半途而废 give up halfway 口蜜腹剑 with honey on one’s lips and murder in one’s heart.有钱能使鬼推磨
If you have money you can even make the devil turn your mill(serve for you).十年树木百年树人
It takes ten years to grow trees but a hundred years to rear/cultivate people.路遥知马力，日久见人心。
A long road tests a horse’s strength, while a long time proves one’s heart.天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福
Storms gather without warning in nature, while bad luck befalls men overnight.3、意译法
畏首畏尾 over-cautious
不到黄河不死心
Not stop until one reaches one’s goal 独木不成林
One person cannot accomplish much.4、节译法 汉语习语中有些是对偶词组，往往前后两对含义相同
无影无踪 vanish without a trace 长吁短叹 千真万确 一朝一夕 根深蒂固 不屈不挠 自给自足 经久耐用 同心同德 清规戒律 油头粉面 惊心动魄
sigh deeply be quite true overnight deep-rooted unswerving self-sufficient durable with one mind taboos(regulations)high-painted soul-stirring
5、直译加注法
东施效颦 Dongshi, an ugly woman, knitting her eyebrow in imitation of the famous beauty Xi Shi only to make herself uglier—blindly copying others and making oneself look foolish.二、汉语习语中数词的英译
1、直译法
千金难买一笑
A thousand pieces of gold can hardly purchase a smile.一寸光阴一寸金
An inch of time is an inch of gold.一着不慎满盘皆输
One careless move loses the whole game.百花齐放，百家争鸣
Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.听君一席话，胜读十年书
One evening’s conversation with a gentleman is worth more than ten-year study.2、保留部分数字
杀一儆百 punish one as an example to others 三心二意 two-minded 两面三刀 double-faced and tricky 十拿九稳 ninety percent sure
3、省略法（当数字是虚指时）昙花一现 be a flash in the pan 一干二净 neat and tidy;不三不四 dubious；inappropriate 百无聊赖 to be overcome with boredom 白问不厌 to serve patiently and tirelessly 三言两语 a few words 五谷丰登、五光十色、五湖四海、十万火急、才高八斗、千秋万代（throughout the ages）
点击咨询 