第一篇：托福英语考试作文题选编50题
托福英语考试作文题选编50题
1.Some people think that parents should plan their children’s leisure time carefully.Other people believe that children should decide for themselves how to spend their free time, Which idea do you agree with? Give reasons for your choice.2.People should be realistic rather than romantic in order to live a better life.Do you agree or disagree with the statement.Use specific reasons to support your answer.3.People should never be satisfied with what they have;they should always want something new or something different.Do you agree or disagree with the statement.Give reasons for your choice.4.Some people think that the family is the most important influence on young adults.Other people think that friends are the most important influence on young adults.Which view do you agree with? Use examples to support your position.5.Some students participate in school activities such as clubs and sports.Other students do not take part in such activities because they spend more time on their studies.Tell why you think the two groups of students spend their time differently? Which type of student do you prefer to be? Explain why.6.Travelling is more important than reading books insgroupsto understand the people and the world.Do you agree or disagree with the statement.Use specific reasons to support your answer.7.Some people like different friends.Others like similar friends.Compare the advantages of these two kinds of friends.Which kind of friend do you prefer.Explain why? 8.After they complete their university studies, some students live in their hometowns, others live in different towns or cities.Which do you think is better, living in your hometown or living in different towns or cities? Give specific reasons for your answer.9.Some people believe that newspaper are the best source of news.Others think that the news is presented better on radio or television.Which of these sources of news do you prefer? Use specific examples to support your choice.10.Some people learn best when a classroom lesson is presented in an entertaining , enjoyable way.Other people learn best when a lesson is presented in a serious, formal way.Which of these two ways of learning do you prefer? Give reasons to support your answer.11.Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to be cooperative.Others take the opposite view and say that learning to be competitive is the best preparation.Tell which one you agree with and explain why.12.Some people pay money for the things they want or need.Other people trade products or goods for what they need.Compare the advantages of these two ways of obtaining things.Which way do you prefer? Explain why.13.Some people believe that growing up in a large family, with several sisters and brothers, offers more advantages than disadvantages.Other people think that being the only child is more advantageous.Write a short essay in which you discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each position.Explain which position you support.14.Some people think studying in a university is worthwhile only because you can get a degree.Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Give specific reasons to support your answer.15.Inventions such as eyeglasses and the sewing machine have had an important effect on our lives.Choose another invention that you think is important.Give specific reasons for your choice.16.Someone think that playing a game is fun only when you win.Do you agree or disagree with the statement.Use specific reasons to support your answer.17.A research center is going to be established in a university.There is an argument whether to establish an agricultural center or a business one.Which do your think is better.Use specific reasons to support your answer.18.“Fiction(such as short stories or novels)can teach us more about life than textbooks can”.Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Use specific examples to support your answer.19.Living in big cities has more advantages than living in small towns or countryside.Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Use specific reasons to support your answer.20.Some university students want to live in a room alone.Others prefer having roommates.Which do you like better, living alone or living with roommates? Give specific examples to support your answer.21.Some people like to travel alone, others like to travel together with several friends.Which do you prefer, Why? 22.Which is more important for you in your life, knowledge from books you read, or personal experiences in reality? Please use details to explain your answer.23.Newspapers contain many information topics such as sports, current event, business and entertainment.Which topic do you like to read most often.Give reasons to explain your answer.24.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People should always show their strong emotions(such as excitement, anger, or joy).Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.25.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Dissatisfaction leads to progress.Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.26.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement.A student’s main purpose in getting an education is to earn a lot of money.Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.27.Some students like to attend a large university that has many students.Others prefer to attend a small university that has fewer students.Which type of university do you prefer?Use specific reasons and example to support your answer.28.Some students like to have outdoor activities.Others like indoor activities.Which do you prefer? Give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.29.How do movies or TV influence people’s behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.30.Some people like to buy books to read, others like to borrow books from libraries or from other people.Compare the advantages of these two ways of reading.Which do you prefer? Why? 31.Some universities arrange a long period of vacation for students in the school year, others arrange several short vacations.Which kind of vacation do you prefer---a long vacation or a short one? Give specific reasons and examples for your answer.32.Some people like to communicate by telephone, Other people like to communicate by letter.Which do you prefer to communicate-by phone or by letter? Use specific and details to explain your answer.33.Some people like to listen to classical music, others like to listen to popular music(including popular songs).Which kind of music do you prefer? Give specific reasons for your answer.34.Games teach people about life.Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Give specific s for your answer.35.Many important natural resources such as water, forests, oil, etc, are running out in the world today.What should we do to protect them? Give specific examples to support your idea about one kind of these resources.36.“When people succeed, it is because of hard work;luck has nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.37.Sometimes it is fun to think of living in another time and place.If you could experience a different time and place, what time and what place would you choose? Use reasons and specific details to support your answer.38.Neighbors are the people who live near us.In your opinion, what are the qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your answer? 39.Some people like to eat at home and prepare food for themselves, others like to eat outside in restaurants or foodstands.Which way of eating do you prefer? give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.40.Some say that the world would be a better place now if the automobile had never been invented.Decide if you agree or disagree with this statement and give specific reasons for your decision.41.Some people say that the best way to raise children is to encourage them to be independent thinkers.Others disagree and say that children need to be taught discipline insgroupsto become successful.Using specific examples, discuss these two opinions.State which one you agree with and why? 42.Some people like to work or study at night, others like to work or study during the day.Which do you prefer-work or study at night or during the day? Give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.43.Some people like to study alone, others like to study with several people together.Which do you prefer—study alone or study with other people? Give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.44.Some people like to use computers to type letter, others like to write letters with a pen.Which do you prefer and why? 45.Some companies like to employ younger and enthusiastic people, other companies like to employ older and experienced people.If you were a boss, which kind of people do you like to employ.Give reasons and specific examples to illustrate your answer.46.“It’s better to make wrong decision than make no decision at all” Do you agree or disagree with the statement.Give reasons or specific examples to illustrate your answer.47.Some people tend to work only for money, while others believe that people should enjoy what they do.Which opinion do you prefer? Explain why? 48.Some people tend to study a subject in a very intensive way over a short period of time, while others tend to study a subject constantly over a long period of time.What do you think is a better way of learning? Explain why.49.Should the money invested into a university be used to improve the library or to improve the physical training facilities? What do you think? Why? 50.Should the money invested into a university library be used to buy books or to buy computer? What do you think? Why?
第二篇：托福口语第三题
托福口语第三题模板及解析
托福口语第三题形式：阅读+听力+应答托福口语第三题阅读：时间: 40秒至45秒 阅读内容：校园生活话题（75至100words）（大学的政策，规定或者办事程序，大学的计划，校园设施或校园内生活质量）
托福口语第三题听力：
时间：60s至80s内容：话题同阅读，说话者会针对相关话题持鲜明观点,观点分支持反对两种托福口语第三题作答：
依据阅读和听力材料说明学生的观点和学生所给出的理由,考生不需要说明自己的观点！考察的关系：阅读和听力中综合信息的能力：听力必然和阅读相关；答题必须与听力相关，必须清楚听力和阅读之间的关系
时间： 准备时间：30s;陈述时间：60s
TIPS: 注意逻辑组织：开始可以表明说话者的观点 agree or disagree，然后陈述理由。回答尽可能完整。
托福口语第三题备考TIPS:
1、阅读的时候要注意记录主题和支撑的观点
2、听力的部分主要记清楚主要人物的观点，以及他支持或反对的理由
3、结构一定要清楚，要用计时软件，多锻炼几次才能在规定时间内把要点说全说清楚。托福口语第三题备考模版：
1、“The school has implemented a new policy that...due to....And the man/woman holds a positive/negative view towards the announcement.The first reason s/he gives is that....And the second one is based on the fact that....”
2、From the reading material, we know that(the college)is going to...Obviously, the man/woman in the conversation thinks that this is a great/bad idea, due to the following reasons..One reason is that…….Another is…
(万一有时间)So that's all the reasons s/he has to form that opinion.(尽量记，听为主)
3、The man/woman’s opinion about STH is that…….(选择方案型：听选择的原因。1.Firstly, the man/woman states that…….2.And then he/she states that…….)
(提出建议型：听建议的利弊。1.Firstly, the man/woman talks about the positive aspect of this issue.He/she states that…….2.On the other hand, the man/man also talks about the negative aspect of this question.He/she points out that…….)（编辑：陈佳）
4、阅读引用部分的模版
(1)In the reading material,(2)There is a/an announcement/message/notice/proposal about ****(填入记下的关键词)
(3)The university/college is going to****(稍稍展开下)
(4)In the listening material, two students discuss about the***(填入关键词)
听力中人物表达观点的模版:
(1)The man/woman is against/supporting the***
(2)He or she feels unhappy/less satisfied about***
(3)He or She thinks the*** is unfair/inconvenient/unaffordable for the following reasons:
(4)The man/woman’s opinion about STH is that…….理由展开部分的模版:
(1)First, he thinks/says****;Also, he points out that****
(2)Firstly, the man/woman states that…….;And then he/she states that…….(3)支持+反对
Firstly, the man/woman talks about the positive aspect of this issue.He/she states that…….On the other hand, the man/man also talks about the negative aspect of this question.He/she points out that…….5、范例： Bus Service Elimination Planned
Important Points（字数102）
The university plans to eliminate the bus service because it is too expensive to run and too few students use it.（一句话概括阅读材料的内容）The man disagrees with the university plan.（谈话人态度）He believes the reason few students take the bus is that the route goes to
neighborhoods where students do not live.If the routes were changed, many more students would ride the bus.（两句话讲谈话人的第一个观点：校车路线。注意改路线的建议是采用虚拟语气来表述的）The man disagrees with the way the university plans to use the money it saves on the bus service.Building more parking lots on campus will encourage more students to drive on
campus.This would increase noise and traffic on campus.（谈话人第二个观点：增加停车场。首先讲谈话人观点：Disagree with the way…然后将后果讲后果）"
范例：字数147
The man in the scene said he wanted to keep the bus service for the better being of students on campus, because there is some students who can not afford the car, therefore they use the free bus service even though it isn’t that much.The problem with bus service right now is going through wrong neighbour where it is too expensive for students to live, so what they should do is just change the course of bus.And that will take of the problem.Also, they should encourage more students to use the bus service instead of discourage them.Or()if they us the money that they use for bus service to increase the space of the parking lot for the students, which will add to the noise of the campus and will be more congested for all the people who already parking over there.自我测评标准:Self-Assessment Checklist：
1.I noted the main points of the reading passage.2.I noted the main points of the listening
passage.3.I read the question carefully.4.I used careful planning to outline my response.5.I began with an overall topic statement.6.I used b supporting ideas.7.I used transitions to connect the supporting ideas.第三题：In this set of materials, the reading passage describes a notice(the title of the reading passage)and the listening passage is a discussion by two students on_________(summarize each passage with one sentence)
According to the reading passage, the notice explains(discusses)__________
In the listening passage, the students discuss the notice__________
第四题：In this set of materials, the reading passage describes________and the listening passage is a lecture by a professor on________
According to the reading passage ________
In the listening passage, the professor discusses____________
第五题：In this listening material, the woman(man)has a problem________(main points from the listening material).The man(woman)gives him or her two suggestion.One is __________As far as I am concerned, I think __________is better.First, because__________Also, ____________.第六题
In this listening material, the professor describes(explains)______________________(main points from the listening material)
task3 校园事物议论题
1.1
The announcement from the university newspaper says the school is going to add computer classes in the evening.There are two reasons.Firstly, the students numbers are increasing rapidly, Secondly there are limited seats in the computer lab.The man disagrees with this new policy.He has two reasons for holding his opinion.The first reason is that the students have full classes in the daytime, and they want to live personal life in the evening.The second reason is the school must pay the professors extra money for working beyond the regular hours, with that money the school can afford additional computers to meet all the students’ requirement.So that’s why the man disagrees with the new policy.1.2
The announcement from university newspaper says the school is going to close the art gallery and redecorate it into office building.There are two reasons.Firstly, art majors take advantage of the art gallery only occasionally.Secondly, less than half of the students visit the exhibition.The man disagrees with this new policy.He has two reasons for holding his opinion.The first reason is art majors take the chance of exhibiting in the art gallery seriously, they won’t send works to the exhibition until everything is perfect.The second reason is the school publicity of the exhibition is late and inaccurate.There were quite a few time when the school newspaper would introduce the information of new exhibition.1.3
The announcement from university newspaper says the school is going to build off campus apartment.There are two benefits.Firstly, it can save limited campus areas and leave more space for students’ activities.Secondly, it increases students’ daily communications with local community.The woman disagrees with this new policy.She has two reasons for holding her opinion.The first reason is that if the students don’t live on campus, they will drive to campus, thus they need more parking spaces.The second reason is by doing this, the students will lose the chance to participate in the school activities, after all, school activities are more important than social contact.So that’s why the woman disagrees with the new policy.1.4
The announcement from university newspaper says the school is going to postpone the school union election.There are two reasons.Firstly, many students are involved with finals and graduations in May.Secondly, new students are coming in September, they can vote for their favorite candidates.The man disagrees with this new policy.He has two reasons for holding his opinion.The first reason is that in September, they are equally busy, they have to select new courses, talk to professors and find new apartment.The second reason is the first year students’ No 1 issue is becoming familiar with the new environment, they are not familiar with the election candidates.So that’s why the man disagrees with the new policy.1.5
The announcement from university newspaper says the school is going to renovate the
students’ dormitory.Because the lodging rate of students’ dormitory has dropped 20 percent since last year, and many students keep moving out of the dormitory.The woman disagrees with this new policy.She has two reasons for holding her opinion.The first reason is that the whole
renovations will last 2 years, and during this time, it will make a lot of noise, thus the students will be driven to move out.The second reason is the dormitory fee will increase soon after the
dormitory is built because of the worker salary, new materials and new furniture.So that’s why the woman disagrees with the new policy.1.6
The announcement from university newspaper says the school is going to implement online library service.There are several purposes.By doing this, registered students can log into their personal accounts and view digital versions of book online.The man agrees with this new policy.He has three reasons for holding his opinion.The first reason is that by doing this, the school doesn’t need to spend millions of money rebuilding the library.The second reason is it is cheaper and faster than the traditional one.The third reason is there are new desk tops in the living room of dormitories , thus the students can access to the reference without any procedure and trouble.So that’s why the man agrees with the new policy.1.7
The announcement from university newspaper says the school is going to expand its
broadcasting.There are two benefits.Firstly, by doing this, more students would enjoy listening to the school radio.Secondly, the school can make more money by casting commercial
advertisement.The woman agrees with this new policy.She has two reasons for holding her
opinion.The first reason is that by doing this, it can not only broadcast the academic news but also diversify the channel of information, which can help us find job.The second reason is once the school makes money from the commercial, this money will be used to do research and set up the scholarship.So that’s why the woman disagrees with the new policy.1.9
The announcement from university newspaper says that the university has decided best
undergraduate students can attend the course of graduate school and their credits can be taken into grad study in order to encourage more students to learn the grad course in this college.The man disagrees with this new policy.He gives a couple of reasons for holding his opinion.The first reason is that if the undergraduate students take part in the seminar class, the class will be so large and harmful to everyone.The second reason is the students should change a university to study further, thus they can know new teachers and classmates and have a new experience.So that’s why the man disagrees with the new policy.2.0
The announcement from university newspaper says that the university is going to improve the cafeteria.There are two policys.Firstly, the old cafeteria will improve their quality through bringing in another cafeteria.Secondly, the university will force the cafeteria to improve the quality in limited days.The man disagrees with this new policy.He gives a couple of reasons for holding his opinion.The first reason is that there is no room for another cafeteria.The second reason is the time is so short for the cafeteria to improve the quality.So that’s why the man disagrees with the new policy.2.1
The announcement from university newspaper says that the university is going to set up computer classes in the evening.There are several reasons.Firstly, there are two many students who choose the computer classes in the morning.Secondly, the computers are not enough.The man disagrees with this new policy.He gives a couple of reasons for holding his opinion.The first reason is that many students may not choose the evening class, because they are busy in the
activities, such as going to club and social activities.The second reason is it must pay the teacher
extra wage, and it is better to buy more computers.The third reason is the computer room is large enough to place more computers.So that’s why the man disagrees with the new policy.2.2 activity of protecting environment
The letter from professor says that the university should terminate recycle program, because the students do not pay attention to it and it’s a waste of money.The man disagrees with this new policy.He gives a couple of reasons for holding his opinion.The first reason is that the university did not emphasize this program and the students didn’t know where the recycle sites were.The second reason is this program is supported by the city government, not the school, so this policy won’t save money for the university.So that’s why the man disagrees with the new policy.2.3 computer class
The letter from professor says that the university should set up the computer classes and teach more computer knowledge, because he didn’t master the computer skills when he graduated from the university 25 yeas ago.The man disagrees with this new policy.He gives a couple of reasons for holding his opinion.The first reason is that it is common to use computer, even in English class, so it is possible that almost everyone has master the computer skills and it’s a waste of money for the university to set up the class.The second reason is students who don’t master computer skills can learn them in the computer training organization after graduation.So that’s why the man disagrees with the new policy.
第三篇：雅思 托福是大学生留学必考的英语考试
雅思 托福是大学生留学必考的英语考试
GRE则是在外读研究生所需的GRE最难 词汇量要求在2W 分2组 阅读和写作 都是机考
新托福其次 词汇量要求在8000左右 分4组 听，说，读，写。主要以听力为主 注重学校实践交流 机考
雅思 词汇量在5000左右 分4组 听，说，读，写，以阅读 写作为主 笔试
第四篇：商务英语考试真题1
全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语及答案 课程代码：05844 Ⅰ.Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese.(10%)1.in a detour 迂回 2.competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值 3.consignor 寄售人 4.customer mobility 客户流动性 5.escape clauses 豁免条款 6.share holders 股东 7.potential loss 潜在损失 8.carrying vessel 运载船只 9.negligent 粗心大意 10.specific duty 从量税
Ⅱ.Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English.(10%)11.债权国 The credit country 12.国际合同
International contract 13.定期付款/分阶段付款 Term payment 14.被保险人 The insured 15.人口计划 The population plan 16.特惠税 The preferential duty 17.基础设施项目 Infrastructure construction project 18.装箱单 Shipping list 19.破产 Disrupted 20.土地和劳动力 Land and labor force Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right.(10%)21.facilities(d)a.the price or cost of transportation 22.premises(g)b.easily to go bad 23.middleman(f)c.not to do something that has been arranged or decided upon 24.perishable(b)d.something designed, built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particular service 25.access(j)e.the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc.26.controversy(i)f.trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the customer 27.carriage(a)g.a tract of land including its buildings 28.settlement(e)h.an official group of persons who direct or supervise some activities of a firm 29.board(h)i.public argument about something which many people disagree with 30.cancel(c)j.a way by which a place, esp.property can be reached or entered or used Ⅳ.Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.(10%)31.term draft 远期汇票
A draft which requires to pay after sight or in a given period of time after representation of relevant documents.32.transferable credit 可转让信用证
Credit which can be transferred to other parties during the transportation of goods.33.direct quote 直接报价
A certain amount of foreign currency, usually one unit or one hundred unit, is marked with equivalent amount of home currency.34.acquisition 收购
Buying existing facilities 35.GATT 关税和贸易总协定 The General Agreement of Tariff and Trade.V.Answer the following questions in English.(20%)36.What are the five major modes of the modern freight transportation system? Water, air, road, rail, pipeline 37.What do ―valued‖ policies mean? Valued policies mean that a country provide investors with preferential policies for insured return in order to attract foreign investment.38.What is the purpose to establish GSP(the Generalized System of Preference)? The purpose of GSP is to help development of developing countries by provide tariff concession to them.39.What is the relationship between MNEs and their host countries? The relationship of MNEs and their host countries is interdependable and interactive.Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese.(15%)40.The Bank for International Settlement(BIS)is a unique institution.Many of its operations are of types normally performed by a commercial bank, but it is owned principally by central banks, and managed by central banks and its principal customers are central banks.The objects of BIS are to promote the cooperation among central banks and to provide additional facilities for international operations.国际结算银行是一个独特的机构。尽管它拥有商业银行的许多常规业务，但它却是由中央银行拥有，管理并将各国央行作为其主要客户。它的目标是促进各国央行间的合作，从而为国际贸易提供额外的支持。
41.In the 1970s and 1980s counter trade was different from the old practice although some similarities remained.Current counter trade partners are not necessarily familiar partners and goods exchanged are sometimes vertically related.Current counter trade can be categorized as follows.20世纪七八十年代，对销贸易尽管保留一些与过去相似的地方，但它却与过去明显不同。它的贸易伙伴不再是熟悉的伙伴，交易的商品也并不总是垂直相关的。现行的对销贸易可分类如下。Ⅶ.Translate the following into English.(25%)
42．跨国公司是在一个以上国家拥有、控制和经营资产的商业组织。
MNC refers to an commercial organization which owns, controls and manages asset in more other one country.43．世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域：高收入国家，中等收入国家和低收入国家。
Countries in the world are grouped into four categaries by the World Bank:high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries.44．企业投保的主要刺激是他们可以腾出资金，进行其他项目的投资。
The main stimulas for intreprises to insure is that they can release their funds and invest in other projects.45．信用证的付款方式对买卖双方都提供了保障。The payment of credit provides assurance to both the buyers and the sellers.46．世界上任何一个地方任何一种社会的经济增长都与利用运输有直接的关系。In any place of the world, the economic growth of any society has a direct relation with the adoption of transportation.
第五篇：医学博士英语考试词汇题总结
词汇题总结
辅导班综合练习册
Drill plus 1 1.in the long run: 从长远来看, 终究
at a stroke: 一下子, 一口气儿, 一蹴而就
at a stretch: 一口气（做完某事）;不休息地(一口气地)in the same breath: 同时 at a time: 每次,一次
2.designed: 设计好的;故意的 distinctive: 有特色的, 出众的
dynamic: 动力的;动态的;动力学的
intrinsic: 本身的;固有的;本质的;内在的 on the move: 在活动中
3.persistent: 固执的, 持续的, 坚持的
tranquilization: 镇定;平静;宁静 go beyond: 超过(胜过)get over: 克服;把...忘怀;从中恢复过来;熬过 pull through: 度过难关;恢复健康
give way to: 让路;让步(退却,消除,衰退,代替,毁坏)4.unprecedented: 空前的
publish: 出版, 公开, 发行;出版, 发行;发表作品 estimate: 估计, 判断, 评价 turn up: 出现;发生
bring forward: 提出;显示;提前 put down: 放下;镇压;拒绝 make up: 弥补;缝制;虚构
5.institute: 学会;协会;学院;/创立;制定;开始
type: 类型, 模范, 典型;/作为代表, 用打字机打, 测定类型;打字 allocate: 分派,分配,分配额
expand: 使膨胀;扩张;详述;张开;发展
sponsor: 发起者;倡议者;主办者;保证人;/发起;倡议;主办;为...做保证人 sum: 总数, 金额, 和;/计算...的总和;概括;总结;概述 6.threaten: 恐吓, 预示...的凶兆, 威胁;威胁, 可能来临, 恫吓
fundamental: 基本原则, 根本法则;纲要;/基本的, 原音的, 重要的 formidable: 强大的, 艰难的, 可怕的
fatal: 致命的;命运注定的;重大的;毁灭性的 favorable: 有用的,良好的,赞成的;有利的 fantastic: 极好的,难以相信的,奇异的,幻想的
7.publicist: 政治评论家;国际法学家或学国际法的学生;政治记者;打广告者, 做广告的公司
abruptly: 突然地;唐突地, 鲁莽地;意外地;陡峭地
publicity: 公众的注意,宣传,宣扬,宣传品,广告;公开,人尽皆知 call off: 取消;喊走
call down: 祈求(责骂,命令)call up: 打电话;召集;打电话给;召唤, 使人想起, 应征入伍, 提出议案 call for: 需要,邀请,要求
8.variable: 变数, 可变物;可变的, 易变的, 不定的
data: 数据, 资料
informative: 情报的, 见闻广博的, 使知道消息的 inconclusive: 非决定性的, 不得要领的, 不确定的 inconspicuous: 不显眼的, 不引人注意的
indisputable: 无可争辩的(无可置疑的,明白的)9.sterilization: 消毒,灭菌;绝育
proportional: 比例的, 成比例的;成常比的;均衡的, 相称的 subjected: 易受......的;受制于...的;服从的,易患的
susceptible: 易被感动的, 易动感情的;易受...影响的;多情的;敏感的, 过敏的 liable: 有义务的, 有...倾向的, 应负责的 10.element: 成分;要素;分子
compose: 组成, 作曲, 写作;作诗, 构图, 作曲;排字 contributing: 贡献的,起作用的
11.religious: 宗教性的, 宗教上的, 虔诚的;修道士;/和尚;修女;尼姑
significance: 重要性, 重要;意思;意义, 含义 install: 安装;使就职;安置
charge: 指控, 冲锋, 费用;电荷
/索价;课;对...索费;把...记入帐册, 赊购;控诉, 使充满, 加罪于;索价;冲锋;收费;充电
12.dramatically: 戏剧性地;引人注目地
accordingly: 因此,于是,如前所说 照着 相应地 markedly: 显著地,醒目地,明显地
absolutely: 绝对地,完全地;独立地;确实地;一点不错;正是如此 eventually: 最后;终于
13.turn down: 向下折转;拒绝
despise: 轻视
dissipate: 散失, 浪费, 驱散;消散, 放荡 there is no point in: 做某事没有意义
14.attribute: 归于, 属于;/属性;标志, 象征;特质, 特性;定语
expose: 使暴露, 陈列, 揭穿 endow: 捐赠, 赋予, 捐助
entitle: 取名为,给与名称,叫做,使有权利 ascribe: 归因于;归咎于 15.indeed: 真正地;当然;确实
crucial: 决定性的, 严厉的, 重要的;关键的 vigorous: 精力旺盛的, 健壮的, 有力的
acknowledge: 承认;告知收到;对...打招呼;答谢;确认;报偿 recognize: 认出, 识别;正式承认;认识;认可, 认定
document：证明, 为...引证;记载,用文件等证明;/文件, 公文;证书;契约, 书写文件 appraise: 评价, 鉴定, 估价
administer: 管理;经营;掌管;实施, 执行;担任管理者;执行遗产管理人职责;帮助, 提供服务
16.desire: 愿望,欲望,情欲;/向往,要求,请求;渴望
split away from: 分裂(分离)symbol: 符号,标志,象征
inspiration: 灵感;妙计, 好办法;鼓舞人心的人;吸入, 吸气 application: 申请;要求;完成;坚持, 勤勉;运用;适用 aspiration: 渴望;热望;（医）抽吸，吸引术，吸气 motivation: 动机, 推动, 刺激
17.peril: 危险, 冒险;/使有危险, 使临险境;危及
prospect: 景色, 展望, 希望;/勘探, 寻找;勘探, 有前途
hazard: 危险;危险之源;危害物;机会;/冒...的危险;使遭危险;赌运气
adventure: 冒险, 冒险精神;激动人心的活动;冒险活动;投机活动;/冒险去做;大胆说出;使冒险;
18.substance: 物质, 主旨, 实质;基本内容
property: 财产, 性质, 所有权
original: 起源,原件,原稿;/最初的, 独创的, 原始的 universal: 普遍的, 通用的, 全体的;宇宙的;/一般概念 genetic: 遗传的;起源的
homogeneous: 同种的, 均质的, 同质的 19.consensus: 一致;舆论;合意;共识
sharply: 锋利地;激烈地;锐利地;突然地, 猛烈地;严厉地,厉害地 resolution: 决心;正式决定, 决议;决定;分解, 解析;坚定,果断 20.overwhelming: 压倒性的, 无法抵抗的
convinced: 确信的;有坚定信仰的 persuasive: 有说服力的;善说服的
skeptical: 怀疑论的, 不可知论的;怀疑的, 多疑的;怀疑宗教教条的 perplex: 使困惑;使复杂化;使费解;使难办 critical: 批评的,决定性的,危险的,挑剔的;临界的 Drill plus 2 1.impact: 冲击, 碰撞, 撞击;影响;冲击力, 撞击力;作用;/挤入;压紧;撞击;冲击, 碰撞, 撞击;产生影响
launch into: 热心于;狂热于;投入, 进入
translate into: 译成;转化为
dissect: 解剖;仔细分析;切开;细心研究
convey: 传达,运输,转移 2.turn up: 出现;发生 bioactive: 生物活性的
miniature: 缩图, 小画像;/ 小规模的, 纤小的 bizarre: 奇异的, 异乎寻常的, 极不协调的 invisible: 看不见的;无形的 3.induce: 劝诱;导致;促使 rule out: 排除
divide up: 瓜分,分配
bring apart: 把(机器)拆开 sort out: 分出, 分类, 归类 4.expectation: 期待;指望;预料
usher: 引座员, 传达员, 招待员;/ 引导, 引领；展示;作招待员 era: 时代;时期;纪元 prenatal: 产前的,出生前的
meet up with: 意外碰到(不期而遇)come up with: 赶上;提出
shed light on: 照亮;阐明,把...弄清楚
live up to: 实行;达到预期标准;不辜负...的希望 5.redundant: 多余的, 冗长的, 过多的 lay off: 解雇;休息;停止工作 lay down: 放下;记下,拟定,建造
lay out: 花费;投资,展开,设计,布置,划定 lay away: 把...留待后用;积蓄
lay aside: 把...搁置一旁,留存,储存
6.privilege: 特权, 基本人权, 特别恩典;/ 给与...特权, 特免
issue: 发行, 后果, 问题;/ 发行;造成...结果;流出;使流出;发行;放出 principle: 原则;主义;原理;信条 priority: 优先权,优先顺序,优先
7.modify: 更改, 修改;修饰;缓和, 减轻
adjust: 调节;校正;改变...以适应;校准;调整, 适应于, 校准 contract: 合约, 契约, 婚约;/使缩短, 订约, 感染;承包 8.distinction: 差别,不同,对比,区分,区别
subtle: 微妙的,敏感的,精细的,狡猾的 sufficient: 足够的,充分的
superficial: 表面的, 浅薄的, 肤浅的
superior: 上好的, 高傲的, 出众的;/上司;长辈;长官;优势者, 优胜者 9.internal: 本质, 本性;内部器官, 内脏;/内在的;国内的
anatomy: 解剖学, 骨骸, 剖析 supreme: 最高的, 极端的, 终极的
superb: 堂皇的, 宏伟的;极好的, 一流的, 上乘的;华丽的 superfluous: 多余的, 过量的, 过剩的
10.resident: 居民, 定居者;住院医生;侨民;/ 居住的, 定居的;住校的;常驻的;住院的
garbage: 垃圾;废物
break up: 打碎;破碎;分裂;破坏;开垦;解散,结束,衰弱 dispose of: 解决, 处理;除去, 扔掉;让或卖掉
check out: 结帐离开;仔细检查;检查;看看, 试试;死去, 逝世 hand out: 把...拿出来;施舍;分发
11.trace: 跟踪;查出,探出,调查,追踪,回溯,描绘;/痕迹,踪迹,微量
hypothetical: 假设的, 假定的 meditative: 爱沉思的, 冥想的
presumptive: 根据推定的, 给与推定之根据的, 假定的 thoughtful: 深思的, 体贴的, 有思想性的 deceptive: 迷惑的, 骗人的;欺诈的;虚伪的 12.fulfill: 完成,履行;满足;实现
standardize: 使标准化, 用标准检验, 使合于标准 13.perpetuate: 使永存, 使不朽
sustain: 支撑;维持, 供养;承受, 承担;支援 modulate: 调整, 调制, 使转调;转调, 调制 14.fad: 时尚, 一时流行的狂热
heed: 注意, 留心
cue: 提示,尾白;线索,暗示;信号;角色;/把...插入演出;给...暗示;暗示 play down: 降低;减少;贬低 put up with: 忍受;容忍 give attention to: 注意;关心 get rid of: 摆脱;除去
15.asset: 资产,有用的东西,优点,长处
essence: 基本, 原素, 本质
enterprise: 企业;事业；主动力, 努力;公司, 商行, 生意
16.stroll: 漫步, 四处流浪, 闲逛;/ 散步, 溜达;流浪, 辗转各地;缓步走;巡回演出;在...散步
pick up: 掘地;获得;捡起
dilate: 使扩大;使膨胀;扩大;膨胀;详述
multiply: 乘, 使相乘;使繁殖;使增加;增加;做乘法;繁殖 17.arthritis: 关节炎
joint: 连接处, 关节, 接合/连接;使有接头;接合/共同的;连接的;联合的 involvement: 连累;包含
disorder: 杂乱, 混乱/扰乱, 使失调
knuckle: 指关节;肘;膝关节;蹄 /以指节打,以手指射 dislocation: 脱臼, 位置错乱, 转位
18.prone: 有...倾向的, 易于...的;倾斜的;俯卧的, 面向下的;陡的
osteoporosis: 骨质疏松症
fracture: 破碎, 骨折/使破裂;使折断;使断裂;使骨折;破裂;折断;断裂 post-menopause: 绝经后期;更年期 reliable: 可靠的, 可信赖的
liable: 有义务的, 有...倾向的, 应负责的
compatible: 谐调的;兼容的;一致的;能共处的,可并立的,适合
19.hamper: 妨碍, 阻碍;束缚;牵制/障碍物;障碍船具;束缚;食盒, 食篮 constant: 经常的,不变的;坚决的;持续的/常数;恒量
hold up: 抢劫;举起...展示抢劫;举起...展示;提出,支持住,阻挡 cut off: 切掉, 切断, 删去 carry out: 完成;贯彻;实现 give up: 放弃, 抛弃, 停止
20.session: 开会;会议, 会, 集会;开庭;会期
revised: 经过修订的
community: 社区, 共同社会;社会, 公众;共同体;共有 climate: 气候;思潮;风土;风气, 气氛
portion: 部分;一份遗产;一份, 一客;命运, 定数/把...分成多份;给...一份嫁妆;分配
term: 学期, 期间, 期限;术语,名词/把...称为, 把...叫做
Drill 1 1.prospective: 有希望的, 将来的, 预期的
perspective: 远景, 透视, 看法
prospect: 景色, 展望, 希望 / 勘探, 寻找;前途 prosperity: 繁荣, 成功, 幸运
editorial: 社论, 评论 / 编辑的, 社论的, 主笔的
2.comprehensive: 全面的;能充分理解的;广泛的;综合的
comprehensible: 可理解的, 易于了解的
understandable: 可理解的;可了解的;能懂的 understanding: 谅解, 理解
3.arrangement: 安排;约定, 非正式协议;准备工作;调停
management: 经营;处理;管理 organization: 组织, 团体, 机构
programme: 节目,程序,规划 / 为...规划程序,拟...节目,制作节目 4.win: 获胜, 影响, 达到;赢得, 成功, 打胜 / 赢, 胜利
gain: 增益,获得,利润 / 得到,增进,获利
reward: 报酬, 赏金, 酬谢 / 奖赏, 报应, 酬谢
take: 拿, 收成, 取 / 拿, 抓, 取;起作用
5.sunk: 凹陷的, 下陷的;完蛋了的, 无法挽救的;情绪低落的
saturated: 饱和的, 深颜色的, 渗透的 immersed: 浸入的;专注的;受浸礼的 drowned: 水淹的;淹死的 6.synopsis: 概要, 大意, 摘要
synthesis: 合成,综合
symposium: 讨论会;专题论文集;座谈会;评论集 symmetry: 对称, 匀称, 调和 7.unprecedented: 空前的
unpredictable: 不可预知的
unexpected: 料想不到的, 意外的, 突然的 unforeseeable: 无法预见的,无法预料的 8.aspect: 外观, 方向, 方面
shade: 荫, 荫凉处, 阴暗;遮光物 / 遮蔽, 使渐变, 使阴暗;逐渐变化 phase: 时期, 阶段, 局面 / 使调整相位, 实行, 逐步执行 matter: 事件, 原因, 物质 / 有关系, 要紧;化脓 9.under consideration: 在考虑中
effect: 结果, 效果, 影响 / 造成;招致;产生;实现, 达到 touch: 触, 接触, 触觉 / 接触, 触及, 触摸;涉及, 接近concern: 关心, 忧虑 / 涉及;关系到 hearing: 听力;听取意见;听觉
10.profit: 利润, 利益, 赢利 / 有益, 赚钱, 获利;有益于
influence: 影响;势力;感化 / 影响;改变 prosperity: 繁荣, 成功, 幸运 asset: 资产;有用的东西 11.avenge: 为...报复;报仇
revenge: 报仇, 报复, 复仇 / 替...报仇, 复仇 avenue: 大街, 途径, 林荫路 imperil: 使陷于危险中,危及
justify: 替...辩护, 证明;证明合法
ignite: 点燃, 使燃烧;使发光;使灼热;激起;着火, 开始燃烧, 发火 12.baffle: 困惑;挡板;障碍;隔板 / 困惑, 使挫折, 为难
enchanted: 陶醉的;着了魔的;入迷的;施过魔法的 lull: 暂停, 稍息, 间歇 / 使平静;使安静;哄骗;变平静 inspired: 有灵感的;得到启示的 13.behold: 看到, 注视;看
endow: 捐赠, 赋予, 捐助
mystify: 使神秘化, 迷惑, 使难解
preface: 序文, 前言, 绪言 / 为...加序言;作为...的开端 14.bestow: 授予,适用;给予;安放
overflow: 泛滥,溢出,充溢 / 溢值,超值,泛滥;充足, 足够;多余, 过剩 15.impending: 逼迫的, 悬空的, 迫切的
install: 安装;使就职;安置
(install to: 安装到)attached: 依恋的, 充满爱心的;附属的;归属的(attach to: 加入,依附,附属)loaded: 有负载的,装着货的,装有弹药的,加重的 inspect: 检查;检阅;审查;视察 16.discrepancy: 相差;矛盾;差异
disadvantage: 缺点, 坏处, 不利 / 使处于不利地位;损害 misunderstanding: 误会;误解 17.at that: 而且
after all: 毕竟;到底;终究 at all: 丝毫;究竟;根本 as yet: 迄今为止 as well: 也;又;还
18.attentive: 注意的, 留意的
by and large: 总的来说(从各方面来看,大体上,基本上,全面地)above all: 首先;最重要的是;尤其是 by the way: 顺便说,顺便问一下 in a word: 总而言之
in general: 总之(一般,通常,一般说来)19.at my wit’s end: 束手无策;不知所措 at a loss: 困惑,不知所措 at last: 终于,最后 wit: 智力,才智
20.haste: 急速,急忙 / 赶紧, 匆忙;催促
paradox: 似非而是的论点, 自相矛盾的话;逆说, 悖论 orthodox: 正统的, 惯常的, 传统的
quest: 探索,寻求 / 寻求;探求;请求, 要求 clue: 线索, 提示, 迹象 / 为...提供线索;为...提供情况, 告知
Drill 2 1.alone: 单独的, 独自的;单单;仅, 只有 / 独自地
personal: 人事消息栏;人称代名词 / 私人的, 身体的, 亲自的 peculiar: 奇怪的,古怪的,特殊的,独特的;罕见的 private: 私人的, 私立的, 秘密的
2.secondary effects: 次级效应, 次要效果 side effects: 副作用
subsidiary: 辅助的, 附带的;隶属的, 附设的;次要的;贴补的 3.put down: 放下;镇压;拒绝 send out: 发送;放出;派遣
write off: 一口气写成;注销;写信寄出 throw away: 扔掉,抛弃 4.on account of: 由于;因为
in accordance with: 与...一致;依照 with reference to: 关于(根据)in event of: 万一,如果...发生
5.indifferent: 漠不关心的, 中立的, 无重要性的 6.put to: 应用(增加,连接,着手,套上,委托,强迫)direct to: 指向(对着,送往,寄往,呈送,呈交)adapt to: 适应
place: 地方,处境,职务 / 放置,任命,安排 7.sensible: 有感觉的, 明智的, 有判断力的
afford: 给予;供应得起;提供
offer: 提供, 贡献, 出价;出现, 提议, 献祭;/ 出价, 意图, 提议 8.pave: 铺设, 为...铺路, 安排
suggest: 提议, 促成, 建议;提出
9.raise: 举起, 抬起;提高;增加;提升;升起 / 加薪;提高, 升, 举;高处
overcome: 战胜, 胜过, 克服;得胜 10.region: 地区,地域,地带
scope: 范围, 广度, 机会
entrance: 入口, 门口;进入的权利;进入, 就任, 登场;入学许可 area: 地区,区域,面积,范围 11.concede: 承认,让步,退让
stated: 指定的;定时的;定期的;交待明白的 admitted: 被承认了的,公认的 assigned: 给定的(赋予的,已知的)12.installment plan: 分期付款方式
monthly payment:(按每月付款方式分期偿还的)月付款数 piece by piece: 一部分一部分(一件件,逐渐)cash and carry: 现金出货的
13.a man of modest means: 财产不多的人;中等收入的人
miserly: 吝啬的;贪婪的
14.fabulous: 传说的, 难以置信的, 无根据的 amazing: 令人惊异的 sad-ending: 悲情结局的
15.furrow: 犁沟,皱纹;/ 犁;弄绉;耕;犁田;形成车辙;开沟;犁出浪迹
mark: 痕迹;瘢疤;污点;记号;分数/做记号于;标明;留痕迹于;标志;留下痕迹, 弄污;注意;作记号
impression: 印象, 盖印, 意念
trench: 沟渠, 管沟, 堑壕 / 蚕食, 侵犯, 挖;挖战壕, 侵犯, 接近16.shine——shone——shone: 照耀, 发亮, 发光;使发光
unsteadily: 不平稳地;不规则地;易变地;反复无常地 ruffled: 有褶饰边的
litter: 乱丢;弄乱;铺草;产仔;乱丢垃圾 / 垃圾, 杂乱, 轿
flicker: 闪烁,闪光,颤动 / 闪动,闪烁,摇动;忽隐忽现;使闪烁不定 tickle: 搔, 发痒, 胳肢 / 胳肢,发痒,使快乐 17.flawed: 有缺点的;错误的
imperfect: 不完美的;有瑕疵的;有缺点的;不完整的 discard: 丢弃, 解雇, 抛弃;去牌;垫牌 / 垫牌, 抛弃 18.simple: 简单的,简朴的,单纯的
rustic: 乡村的, 手工粗糙的, 纯朴的 wayward: 任性的, 刚愎的, 不定的 greedy: 贪吃的;渴望的;贪婪的 exclusive: 独占的, 排外的, 唯一的 19.eloquence: 雄辩;修辞;口才
skeptical: 怀疑的
sketch: 素描, 小品, 草图 / 描绘略图,写生 ignorant: 不知道的,无知的,愚昧的 unconvinced: 不信服的;可疑的 20.at odds: 争吵(不和,不一致)in trouble: 处于困境 in minority: 占少数
strangeness: 陌生;不可思议;奇妙 Drill 3 1.contaminate: 弄脏;毒害;污染;使受毒气影响
decay: 腐朽, 腐烂;衰败;蛀牙;衰退 / 使腐朽, 使腐烂;使蛀坏 mouldy: 发霉的;旧式的;腐朽的 stale: 不新鲜的;疲倦的;陈腐的 2.abstain from: 戒;弃权;避免
decline: 下降;衰退, 衰落;减少;最后部分 / 下降, 下跌;衰退, 衰落;减少;倾斜;婉拒
dodge: 闪避, 闪身躲开;躲避, 巧妙地回避;闪开 elude: 逃避, 使困惑, 规避
3.applicable: 可应用的;可适用的;合适的,适用的
congenial: 同性质的, 趣味相同的, 适意的 eligible: 符合条件的;合格的 convenient: 方便的, 合宜的 5.sign: 符号,正负号,手势,迹象,招牌 / 签，做手势，做标记 6.emotion: 情绪, 强烈的情感, 激动
tone: 音调,语气,品质 / 用某种调子说;给...定调子;装腔作势地说;给定音调;呈现悦目色调;颜色调和
mood: 心情,情绪,语气;心境;基调, 色调
sense: 感官;感觉;官能;意识 / 感到, 认识, 理解
7.special: 特别的, 特殊的;额外的, 增设的;专门的, 专用的;具体的
exhaustive: 无遗漏的;详尽的;彻底的 peculiar: 奇怪的,古怪的,特殊的,独特的 particular: 特别的, 挑剔的, 独有的
8.give sb.away: 暴露(自己的真实情况或身份),出卖 give off: 发出;长出;放出,排出
give sb.up: 把...送交,表示对..不抱希望,不与某人来往 give out: 分发;公布;用尽 9.pigment: 色素, 颜料
blush: 脸红, 羞愧
shade: 逐渐变化;色度
10.take on: 穿上;承担;呈现;接受
take to: 喜爱(开始从事,养成,走向,容易学会)take in: 接受(理解,包括,定阅,欺骗,收进,吸收,对...加以考虑)take down: 写下;病倒;记下
11.lodge: 安顿, 提出, 容纳;临时住宿, 寄宿, 倒伏
invisible: 看不见的;无形的 blurry: 模糊的;污斑的;污脏的 deposit: 存放;堆积;沉淀
isolate: 使隔离;使绝缘;使孤立 12.slope: 斜坡, 倾斜, 斜面
slant: 倾斜,斜面, 歪斜;偏见;观点, 倾向, 看法;一瞥;pit: 深坑,核,矿井,陷阱,(英国剧场的)正厅后排 surface: 面, 表面;外观, 外表;水面 curve: 曲线, 曲球, 弯曲
13.turn over: 滚动(翻过来,营业额为,周转,移交,翻阅);倾覆
foster: 养育;培养;抚育
flutter: 摆动, 烦扰, 鼓翼;拍;使焦急
flip: 掷;轻击;弹;用指轻弹, 蹦跳, 抽打 / 无礼的;轻率的;冒失的
skip: 跳来跳去, 蹦蹦跳跳;跳绳;跳跃;略过;跃过, 跳过;使掠过水面;跳 14.buckle: 使弯曲;屈服,变弯曲
scratch: 搔痒,抓,抹掉
bent(bend): 使弯曲, 使屈服;弯曲, 屈服
tarnished: 暗晦了的;有污点的(tarnish: 使生锈,沾污)install: 安装;使就职;安置
15.ponder: 仔细考虑;反思, 回想;衡量;沉思, 默想;scheme: 计划;策划, 密谋;设计;拟订计划;搞阴谋
deliberately: 慎重地;故意地, 蓄意地;谨慎地;从容不迫地, 不慌不忙地 16.raze: 毁灭, 把...夷为平地, 刮去
construct: 建造;创立;构造
demolish: 毁坏, 破坏;推翻, 打败;拆除;驳倒 17.incessant: 不断的;不停的
unexpected: 料想不到的, 意外的, 突然的 18.maim: 使残废, 使伤残, 使不能工作
intended: 有意的, 已订婚的, 故意的 expanded: 展开的;扩充的 crippled: 跛腿的, 残废的 19.ebb: 潮退;衰退
vanish: 消失, 成为零, 突然不见
flood: 使泛滥, 淹没, 注满;被淹, 涌进, 溢出 flow back: 回流
20.partake of: 参加;分享(吃完,带有一点)swallow up: 吞下去(耗尽,吞没)Drill 4 1.query: 疑问, 质问;预定;疑问号
hint: 暗示, 提示
clue: 线索, 提示, 迹象;情节 2.get down to: 开始,着手
take up with: 采纳,开始与...来往,同意,赞成 get off with: 结识,与（异性）交好 put down to: 归因于
3.junk: 废弃的旧物;垃圾;假货;废话;平底帆船, 舢板
litter: 垃圾, 杂乱, 轿
scrap: 碎片, 些微, 残余物;争吵, 打架 deposit: 存款, 堆积物, 定金 4.commemorate: 纪念;庆祝
memorize: 记住, 记下, 记录 remind: 提醒;使想起, 使记起
5.hold: 抓住, 握住;可手攀的东西, 支撑点;握法;掌握;延迟, 延期
grip: 紧握;夹住;紧咬;理解;掌握;把手;控制 grasp: 抓住, 领会, 紧握;掌握
seizure: 抓住, 捉住;占领;夺取;没收
6.barn: 谷仓, 粮仓;大车库, 大车棚;马房, 牛舍
stable: 马厩,马棚 / 稳定的, 牢固的;可靠的, 稳重的, 可信赖的;平稳的;坚定的 kennel: 狗舍,狗屋,沟
shed: 车棚,小屋,脱落之物
7.drain: 排出沟外;耗尽;喝干;排水;流干
drop: 滴下;掉下;落下;下降;使滴下, 丢失, 放下 spill: 使溢出;洒;使散落;溢出;充满;涌流
drip: 滴下;漏下, 撒下;滴水, 湿淋淋, 滴下液体;充溢, 充满;使滴下;溢出, 发出 8.rinse: 以清水冲洗, 漂清, 漱
wipe: 擦,消除,拭去 sweep: 扫;扫去;清扫, 打扫;清除;扫, 袭击, 打扫 scrub: 用力擦洗, 摩擦, 擦掉;擦洗干净, 进行手臂消毒 9.absorbed: 专心一意的;被吸收的;全神贯注的
attentive: 注意的, 留意的 consumed: 对着迷的;充满的 intent: 专心的;热心的;决心的
10.appeal: 诉请;求助;要求;对...上诉, 将...上诉 / 请求, 呼吁;上诉;感染力, 吸引力;诉诸裁判
claim: 要求,请求,主张,声称,说明,断言
beg: 乞讨;请;请求, 恳求;假定...为正确;乞讨;请求, 恳求
plead: 辩护, 恳求;为辩护;以...为理由, 以...为口实;作为答辩提出;承认(plead with: 恳求)plea: 恳求, 辩解, 请求
12.intrepid: 无畏的, 豪勇的, 勇猛的
fearless: 大胆的, 无畏的, 勇敢的 reliable: 可靠的, 可信赖的
fearsome: 吓人的, 害怕的, 可怕的
13.explicit: 详尽的;明确的;清楚的;直率的
definite: 明确的;一定的
deficient: 有缺陷的;不足的, 缺乏的;有缺点的 harsh: 粗糙的, 严厉的, 刺耳的 imprecise: 不严密的;不精确的
14.germinate: 使发芽, 使发达;发芽, 开始发育, 萌芽
deteriorate: 使恶化;使退化;使下降;使堕落;恶化;退化;质量下降;堕落 rot: 腐烂, 堕落, 烂;使腐烂, 使堕落, 使腐朽
bloom: 开花;青春焕发;生长茂盛;容光焕发;使茂盛, 炼成钢坯 boom: 激增, 暴涨;声音隆隆而过;迅速发展, 兴旺;使出名 15.meet with: 碰见(遇到,经受)protest: 力言, 声明, 断言;声明拒付;抗议, 对...提出异议;抗议, 反对;personnel: 人员, 职员 / 个人的,人事的 scholarship: 学问, 奖学金, 学术成就 grievance: 不满, 不平;抱怨, 牢骚
16.vulnerable: 易受伤害的, 易受攻击的, 有弱点的
susceptible: 易被感动的, 易动感情的;易受...影响的;多情的;敏感的, 过敏的 futile: 无用的, 无效果的, 琐细的 feasible: 能实行的, 适宜的, 可行的
17.acclaim: 欢呼;称赞;喝彩 / 向...欢呼;称赞;为...喝彩;宣布;欢呼;喝彩
witty: 富于机智的, 诙谐的
colorful: 华美的;有趣的;色彩的
18.affluent: 富裕的;富饶的;丰富的;流畅的
advanced: 在前面的;开明的;先进的;高级的, 高等的;年老的 19.impromptu: 即席的,即兴的
unrehearsed: 未经排练的 forceful: 有力的, 强烈的 unrestrained: 没有抑制的, 放纵的, 无限制的 absurd: 不合理的, 荒谬的;可笑的, 愚蠢的
remark: 备注, 注意, 评论 / 评论, 谈及, 注意;谈论, 议论 20.inert: 惰性的, 无生命的, 迟钝的
inflammable: 易燃的;易怒的
Drill 5 1.temptation: 诱惑, 诱惑物
obstruct: 阻隔, 阻塞, 妨碍
resist：抵抗,耐得住,压制;忍耐, 忍住
struggle: 努力, 挣扎, 奋斗;尽力使得, 使劲移动 challenge: 向...挑战, 怀疑, 要求;挑战, 反对 2.practice: 练习,习惯, 实行
intention: 意图, 目的, 意向;意思, 含义;求婚意图;愈合 state: 状况, 状态;形势;情况;形态 occasion: 场合, 机会, 时机 3.arouse: 唤醒,鼓励,引起
arise: 升起, 上升;起立;产生, 形成, 出现;复活 raise: 举起, 抬起;提高;增加;提升;升起;饲养 rise: 上升;上涨;升起;升高;使飞起 4.base material: 基材;基体材料;基质
prime material: 打底材料;首涂材料
(prime: 最初的;基本的;原始的;原有的)raw material: 原料
rough material: 粗制材料 5.capacity: 容量, 才能, 能力
opening: 开始;开会;开始的部分;公开, 空旷, 户外 range: 山脉, 范围, 行列 scope: 范围, 广度, 机会
6.dispose: 处理, 布置, 排列;处置, 决定
dispose of: 解决, 处理;除去, 扔掉;让或卖掉 7.obtain: 得到, 获得;得到公认;流行;通用;存在
benefit from: 得益于;从...得到好处 8.proficiency: 精通;熟练
capability: 能力, 才能;耐受力;性能, 功能;潜力, 未展现的特色 strength: 力量,力气,长处,强度;效力;实力 capacity: 容量, 才能, 能力;生产能力；产能 9.loss: 损失;失败;遗失;丧失, 损耗
poverty: 贫穷, 缺乏, 贫困 scarcity: 缺乏,不足,缺少
10.reject: 拒绝, 抵制;驳回;去除, 丢弃;否决
deny: 否定, 否认;拒绝...的要求;拒绝给予;节制 withhold: 扣留, 抑制, 保留;忍住 deprive: 剥夺;使丧失
11.jerk: 痉挛,急拉,急推,急动;颠簸, 摇晃;猛推
clap: 鼓掌,轻敲 rub: 擦, 摩擦, 搓;擦破
abruptly: 突然地;唐突地, 鲁莽地;意外地;陡峭地 12.subsequent: 随后的,后来的 13.dubious: 可疑的;不确定的
confident: 有信心的, 有把握的
articulate: 明确有力地表达;清楚地讲话；使成为系统的整体;用关节连接起来;接合 14.depression: 不景气, 沮丧, 消沉
uneasiness: 担心;局促;不安;拘束
gratification: 满足;喜悦;满意;使人满意之事 absorption: 专心, 热中, 吸收 15.bashful: 害羞的
haughty: 傲慢的, 不逊的, 骄傲的 discreet: 小心的, 朴素的, 慎重的 timid: 胆怯的,害羞的
16.evacuate: 疏散,撤出,排泄
notify: 通知, 报告, 通告
remove: 移动, 搬开;搬家;离开;脱掉;去掉, 消除;迁移, 调动 17.apparel: 衣服, 服装;外观;衣着
manner: 样子,礼貌,风格,方式 18.apprehension: 恐惧, 逮捕, 理解
eagerness: 渴望;热切;热心
hesitation: 踌躇, 犹豫;口吃;含糊
19.singular: 单数的;独个的;单一的;非凡的, 卓越的
funny: 好笑的, 滑稽的, 有趣的
peculiar: 奇怪的,古怪的,特殊的,独特的 20.canyon: 峡谷;溪谷
barn: 谷仓, 粮仓;大车库, 大车棚;马房, 牛舍 valley: 山谷, 流域, 溪谷 Practice test 1 1.blend: 使混和, 使混杂;使交融;协调, 相称;
fill up: 填补;淤积;装满 mix up: 混淆;调好
2.as against: 比...(对照...)as regards: 关于;至于 as with: 正如，与...一样 as from: 从...时起
3.insistent: 坚持的, 显著的, 迫切的
resistant: 抵抗的;防...的;抗...的 assistant: 辅助的, 副的, 有帮助的 persistent: 固执的, 持续的, 坚持的 4.get along: 生活;进展;融洽相处 get through: 到达;通过;做完
get about: 徘徊(传播);（消息）传开，到处走动
get over: 克服;把...忘怀;从中恢复过来;熬过 5.capricious: 反覆无常的, 任性的, 善变的
amusing: 有趣的,引人发笑的
instinctive: 本能的, 直觉的, 天生的 carefree: 无忧无虑的, 不负责的 6.imprudence: 轻率行为
impudence: 轻率;厚颜无耻 impunity: 不受惩罚, 无患, 无事 implicit: 暗示的;含蓄的;盲从的
7.documentation: 文件;资料;凭证;史实
recommendation: 推荐;劝告, 建议;推荐信, 介绍信;优点, 长处 mediation: 仲裁;调解;调停 pre-election: 预选
commit: 委托(托付),犯罪,作...事,承诺 9.stoic: 坚忍克己之人;禁欲的;quack: 庸医, 骗子;江湖医生;冒充内行的人 swindler: 骗子
blockhead: 笨蛋, 傻子 10.with a run: 突然
crisis: 危机, 紧要关头, 危险期
11.spring into: 投入战斗;立刻行动起来;干起来 vivacious: 活泼的, 多年生的, 快活的
enthusiastic: 狂热的, 热烈的, 热心的;热情的 sturdy: 强健的, 健全的;毫不含糊的, 坚定的 languid: 疲倦的, 阴沉的, 无力的 lively: 泼的, 生动的, 鲜明的 12.definition: 定义, 清晰度, 精确度
dearth: 缺乏, 饥谨, 粮食不足 13.dispense: 分发;分配;免除;省掉
distribute: 分发;散布;分配 congeal: 冻结;瘫痪;凝结;rinse: 以清水冲洗, 漂清, 漱
compensate: 补偿, 赔偿;酬报;偿还;抵消 14.the small hours: 深夜(午夜刚过的一段时间)15.lucid: 明白易懂的,清晰的,头脑清楚的
fabulous: 传说的, 难以置信的, 无根据的 astounding: 令人惊骇的
contradictory: 反驳的;抗辩的;反对的;互相矛盾的 16.rendition: 译文;表演;解释;演奏
interpretation: 解释, 翻译, 演出 imitation: 模仿;冒充;效法
reparation: 补偿;赔偿金;赔偿;赔款 17.complexion: 肤色, 局面, 情况
clue: 线索, 提示, 迹象;情节 18.trace back: 追溯 advance: 使向前移动;将...提前;推进, 促进;预付;前进;进展;进步 intricate: 复杂的,错综的,缠结的,难懂的 speculation: 思索;推测;沉思;投机
intrinsic: 本身的;固有的;本质的;内在的 fancy: 想像的, 新奇的, 精美的 manifest: 显然的;明白的 19.oversee: 向下看, 监督, 了望
spring up: 跳起(发生,萌芽,出现)supervise: 监督;指导;管理 overlook: 俯瞰, 没注意到, 远眺 outlook: 观点,见解,展望,前景
emphasize: 强调, 着重, 加强语气 evaluate: 评估, 赋值, 评价
20.authenticity: 确实性,真实性;可信赖性
practicability: 实用性;可行性 feasibility: 可行性;可能性
genuineness: 真实;真诚;名副其实;真心 exactness: 确切;精密;精确 Practice test 2 1.put to bed: 使上床;安置...上床睡觉
take to bed: 卧床
lay on the bed: 躺在床上
get up out of the wrong side of the bed: 有什么(发生了)不愉快的事 2.go a long way toward: 大大有利于,对...大有用处
3.involve with: 涉及
(involve: 包含,含有,使陷入,使卷入,牵涉)tamper with: 窜改
(tamper: 损害, 削弱;影响;窜改;贿赂;篡改)saturate with: 使饱和
(saturate: 浸透;使湿透;渗透;使充满)4.quit: 离开, 解除, 放弃;离开, 停止, 辞职
abstain from: 戒;弃权;避免
(abstain: 戒;避开;自制, 弃权)isolate from: 使隔离
(isolate: 使隔离;使绝缘;使孤立)attach: 附上,系上,贴上,使依恋 5 stipulate: 规定;约定
erode: 腐蚀, 侵蚀;受腐蚀
eradicate: 根除, 根绝, 扑灭
extort: 勒索,敲诈,强要
extract: 摘录, 吸取, 析取
6.available: 可用的,有效的,空闲的
hostile: 怀敌意的, 敌对的
hospitable: 好客的, 招待周到的;殷勤的;热情的 attractive: 吸引人的;有魅力的 8.normal delivery: 正常交付;正常分娩
regular delivery: 正常发货
express delivery: 限时专送,快递 general delivery: 邮件的存局候领 special delivery: 邮件快递
9.disillusion: 使醒悟, 使幻想破灭
contemptuous: 轻蔑的, 瞧不起人的, 侮辱的 disinterested: 无私欲的,廉洁的,公平的 disbelieving: 怀疑的, 不相信的
10.go to any lengths to: 竭尽全力，不惜一切代价 11.per se: 本身;本质上 by itself: 单独地,独自地
itself: 它自己;它自身, 它本身(是代词，而不是副词)12.avidly: 热望地;渴望地;贪婪地;贪心地
eagerly: 渴望地;热切地
aversive: 反感的, 嫌恶的;避开的 casually: 偶然地,临时地,随便地 intensively: 强烈地;集中地 13.by crisis: 骤然地
by lysis: 逐渐地
all of a sudden: 突然地;出乎意料地 by degrees: 渐渐;逐渐 14.assume: 假定,设想,承担
mucous: 粘液的;粘的;分泌粘液的 give rise to: 引起(使发生,导致)secondary diseases: 继发病
trickle: 滴流, 细细地流;使滴, 使细流 trigger：引发, 触发, 引起
triplicate: 使成三倍;把...作成一式三份 trifle: 开玩笑, 玩忽, 闲聊;浪费;虚度
15.incontrovertible: 无可争议的;明白的;无疑的
unquestionable: 无疑问的, 无可挑剔的, 确实的 inconsistent: 不一致的, 矛盾的, 不合理的unconfirmed: 未经认可的;未经证实的 incredulous: 怀疑的, 不轻信的 16.essential: 必要的, 本质的, 重要的
accessory: 附加的, 附属的;帮凶的, 同谋的;辅助的;非主要的 massive: 大而重的, 宏伟的, 宽大的 resolute: 坚决的,果断的
17.plethora: 过多, 多血症, 过剩
category: 种类;范畴;类别 core: 果心,核心,要点
18.phenomenon: 现象;非凡的人, 稀有的事, 奇迹
pneumonia: 肺炎
prophecy: 预言, 预言能力
enticement: 引诱;引诱物;怂恿
observable: 看得见的;应遵守的;显著的;可奉行的 occurrence: 发生,事件,发现 19.be tailored to: 加以修改来迎合
illuminate: 照明,阐释,说明
aggravate: 加重;使恶化;增剧;激怒 confine: 限制, 禁闭, 闭居;邻接, 接壤 20.deficiency: 缺乏;不足
feebleness: 衰弱, 无力, 虚弱 prevalence: 传播,流行,普及
irritation: 激怒, 生气, 恼怒;恼人事;刺激物;刺激
Practice test 3 1.frustrated: 挫败的;泄气的;失意的
depressed: 沮丧的;降低的
approved: 被认可的;经过检验的;众所公认的
distracted: 心烦意乱的(distract: 转移, 使发狂, 分心)2.promise to: 许诺或答应做某事 commit to: 把...托付给,把...置于 attribute to: 归因于
convert to: 改变为(转换成,兑换为)3.in honor of: 为纪念(为向...表示敬意,为庆祝)in search of: 寻找,寻求 in place of: 代替
in favor of: 赞成(支持,有利于,较大)4.accomplishment: 成就;教养, 才艺;成绩;造诣
qualification: 资格, 限制, 条件
eminence: 显赫, 高处, 崇高
patent: 专利权, 专利品, 执照 5.tailor: 使合适;修改;使...适应
administrate: 给予,投(药),经营,实施,掌管,料理 entail: 使必需;使承担;使蒙受 accustom: 使习惯于 in circulation: 在流通中(在传播中)under consideration: 在考虑中 on hand: 在手头;在场;即将发生 at stake: 在危险中;在危急关头 7.plain: 简单的,平常的, 明白的
wholesome: 有益健康的, 健全的, 合乎卫生的
tasteful: 鉴赏力的, 有审美力的;雅致的, 优美的, 高雅的;有滋味的,好吃的 edible: 可食用的
8.show up: 揭露;露面;露出 pile up: 堆积;搁浅;积累 put on weight: 体重增加 take on: 穿上;承担;呈现
9.irregular: 不规则的, 不合法的, 不整齐的
illiterate: 不识字的;没受教育的 illegible: 难辨认的;字迹模糊的 irrational: 无理性的, 不合理的 handwriting: 笔迹;书法;书写体 10.denote: 指示,表示
donate: 捐献, 捐赠
relate: 讲,叙述,使联系,有关系 resort: 诉诸, 求助, 凭借;经常去
11.alarming: 惊人的;告急的;令人担忧的
appalling: 令人震惊的;骇人的, 可怕的;十分低劣的 appealing: 上诉的;有魅力的;哀求的;动人的 alert: 灵敏的, 警觉的, 留心的
12.contaminate: 弄脏;毒害;污染;使受毒气影响
purify: 纯净,净化,去除 multiply: 繁殖,乘,增加
taint: 污染,中毒;腐败;败坏
blend: 混和, 混杂;协调, 相称;交融 13.liberty: 自由;随意;特权
democracy: 民主,民主制,民主国家 variety: 变化, 种种, 多样性 origin: 起源;起因;由来;出身 diversity: 差异;多样性 14.controversy: 争论,争议
resentment: 愤慨, 怨恨, 忿怒
consensus: 一致;舆论;合意;共识 notion: 概念, 想法, 观念 dispute: 争论
15.retreat: 撤退, 退却;使往后移;使后退
retrieve: 取回,恢复,补偿
sprawl: 伸开四肢躺;蔓生, 蔓延;笨拙地爬行;无计划地扩展
consume: 消耗;消灭;消费;消灭;毁灭 withdraw: 撤回, 撤消, 取回;撤退, 离开 16.catastrophic: 悲惨的,灾难的
influential: 有影响的;有势力的
disastrous: 灾难性的;损失惨重的;悲伤的 apparent: 明显的,表面上的
critical: 批评的,决定性的,危险的,挑剔的 17.potent: 强有力的;有效的
bitter: 苦的,痛苦的
irritant: 刺激的, 刺激性的
effective: 有效的, 实际的, 有力的 powerful: 强有力的;有权力的 transient: 短暂的;瞬间的;一时的;暂住的, 路过的
permanent: 永久的, 固定的, 不变的 residual: 剩余的, 残留的
irreversible: 不可逆的;不能取消的;不能翻转的;不能倒置的
fleeting: 快速的;转瞬即逝的;敏捷的;短暂的 19.stem from: 源于(基于,出于)inconsiderately: 不替别人考虑地,考虑不周地,轻率地 give rise to: 引起(使发生,导致)originate in: 起源于(发生于)dominate over: 超过,凌驾,支配 20.heredity: 遗传;形质遗传
shape: 定形,使...成形,塑造;形成;成长, 发展
Practice test 4 1.clutch: 抓住;攫取;踩汽车之离合器,孵小鸡
clarify: 澄清,阐明,使...明晰 clap: 鼓掌,轻敲
clash: 冲突, 抵触;使发出撞击声 2.cigarette stub: 烟蒂
ignore: 不顾,不理,忽视 immerse: 沉浸;使陷入 illuminate: 照明,阐释,说明
ignite: 点燃, 使燃烧;使发光;使灼热;激起;着火, 开始燃烧, 发火 3.serve to: 用来(足以)retard: 延迟, 阻止, 使减速;减慢;受到阻滞 revolve: 旋转,考虑,循环
repel: 击退;拒绝;驱除;排斥;使人厌恶, 使人反感;抵抗;相互排斥 replay: 重新进行;重播;重演 4.guidance: 指导;领导;引导
desirable: 值得向往的;令人满意的;值得拥有的;富有魅力的 apply for: 申请
apply to: 适用于;向...申请;运用于 exploit: 功绩, 勋绩 / 开拓;开采;开发 initiative: 开始的;创始的;初步的 5.resent: 愤恨, 怨恨, 憎恶
revive: 使苏醒, 使振奋, 使复兴;复活
sadden: 使悲伤;使黯淡;使难过;使阴暗;悲哀, 悲痛, 忧愁 solidify: 凝固,团结;使结晶;弄坚固 6.confront with: 使面临
fantastic: 极好的,难以相信的,奇异的,幻想的 formidable: 强大的, 艰难的, 可怕的 functional: 功能的
frustrated: 挫败的;泄气的;失意的 7.dismay: 使惊慌, 使气馁, 使沮丧
disperse: 分散, 散开, 传播;消散, 消失 dismount: 下车;下马;使下马;卸下;拆开 distress: 使悲痛, 使忧伤, 使苦恼;使贫困 8.infinite: 无穷的, 极大的, 无限的
infrared: 红外线的 infectious: 有传染性的;有感染力的;易传染的 inherent: 固有的, 与生俱来的;内在的 9.institute: 创立;制定;开始
initiate: 开始,创始,启蒙;传授;发动 uphold: 支撑, 鼓励, 赞成
integrate: 综合, 使成整体, 使结合;成一体 interface: 界面,接口 10.dialect: 方言;语调
apparent: 明显的,表面上的 displace: 移置;取代;转移
diversify: 使成形形色色,使多样化,使变化;从事多种经营 dread: 惧怕;担心
thread: 穿线于, 穿过;通过;穿透过 threaten: 恐吓, 预示...的凶兆, 威胁 dominate: 支配,占优势
11.substance: 物质, 主旨, 实质
root: 根,根源
flavor: 味道;香料, 调味料;韵味, 风味 powder: 粉,粉末
12.symptom: 症状, 征兆, 征候
diagnosis: 诊断
sign: 符号,手势,迹象,招牌 anomaly: 异常,反常 retort: 反驳,回嘴,反击
13.responsible: 有责任的, 责任重大的, 负责的
largely: 大部分,主要地 principally: 主要地
scarcely: 几乎不,简直没有,勉强
rarely: 很少, 难得;出色地;异乎寻常地, 极度 hardly: 刚刚, 勉强是, 几乎不 14.inflammation: 发炎,红肿,炎症
ailment: 小病,疾病 arthritis: 关节炎
digression: 离题;脱轨 malady: 病, 弊病, 疾病 lament: 悲叹, 恸哭, 悔恨 menace: 威胁, 胁迫
15.maintenance: 维护, 维修, 保持
upkeep: 维持, 维修费
demise: 死亡;转让;终止;遗赠
cessation: 停止
downfall: 衰败;大雨;垮台 16.trauma: 外伤, 伤口;创伤
infection: 传染, 传染病, 影响
travail: 分娩的痛苦, 辛劳, 阵痛 17.tangible: 实体的, 有形的, 明白的
tangle: 缠结,混乱 / 使缠结,纠纷 elusive: 难懂的,易忘的,难捉摸的
concrete: 具体的,实在的;/ 水泥, 混凝土 / 凝结,结合 vague: 含糊的, 茫然的, 不清楚的 fragile: 易碎的;脆的
18.consequence: 结果;推论;推理
outcome: 结果;后果;结局 origin: 起源;起因;由来;出身 source: 来源, 根源, 水源;起点 resource: 资源, 办法, 财力
19.array: 数组,排列,陈列,大批,一系列
morbid: 病态的,不正常的
disposal: 处理, 支配, 排列
(at one’s disposal: 由某人掌握，控制，使用)service: 为...服务;支付利息;检修, 保养, 维护 dissuasion: 劝止,谏言 settling: 解决,安顿,定居
dissension: 意见不合,纠纷,倾轧 20.adrenalin: 肾上腺素
spur: 刺激,激励
depress: 使沮丧;压低;使消沉 inhibit: 禁止, 抑制
retard: 延迟, 阻止, 使减速;减慢;受到阻滞 Practice test 5 1.landlord: 房东;地主;主人, 老板
tenant: 房客,佃户
client: 客户, 委托人, 顾客 proprietor: 所有者, 经营者 2.swarm: 云集、充满
wasp: 黄蜂, 易怒的人, 胡蜂
nuisance: 讨厌的人或东西, 损害, 麻烦事 disturbance: 扰乱, 忧虑, 不安 annoyance: 烦恼, 讨厌的事
3.refresh: 使清新, 使得到补充;消除...疲劳, 提起精神,恢复精神
recover: 恢复,复原,补偿
4.vision: 视觉, 眼光, 先见之明 / 梦见, 显示, 想象
illusion: 幻觉,错觉,错误的信仰(或观念)5.work: 工作, 职业, 劳动
career: 生涯,职业,事业 post: 邮件,标竿,职位
employment: 雇用, 工作, 职业
6.sensible: 有感觉的, 明智的, 有判断力的
tough: 强硬的, 坚强的, 艰苦的;棘手的,严厉的 8.punch: 以拳重击,开洞,剪票
slap: 拍击,侮辱,申斥;掴...耳光, 用手掌打 whip: 鞭打,挥动,突然攫取
9.shiny: 有光泽的, 辉煌的, 发光的do over: 重做
do with: 与...相处;处理;忍受;对待
do out: 打扫,收拾
do up: 修缮(刷新,收拾,使整洁);打扮
10.bring forward: 提出(把...提前,涌现出,转帐)
bring about: 带来,发生,引起
bring on: 引起(使成长,发展,前进,提出)
bring up: 教育, 提出, 培养 11.retirement benefit: 退休金
bonus: 奖金;红利 subsidy: 补助金, 津贴
commission: 佣金;任务, 职权, 权限;委任, 委托;委员会 pension: 退休金;抚恤金;养老金;津贴, 补助金 12.mounting: 逐渐增加的
torturing: 拷问的;使受苦的;使痛苦的 13.trivial: 琐碎的,不重要的
significant: 有意义的,重要的,重大的 influential: 有权势的,有影响的
critical: 批评的,决定性的,危险的,挑剔的 14.terror: 恐怖, 恐怖时期, 可怕的人
in spasms: 间歇出现
as it were: 宛如;好像;可以说,在某种程度上
by accident: 偶然
by fits: 间歇地
15.trouble with: 在...方面有困难(在...方面有麻烦)solitary: 单独的, 独自的;隐居的;单个的, 唯一的;孤独的 hot-tempered: 性急的, 易怒的, 暴躁的 lonely: 孤单的, 荒凉的, 孤寂的
talkative: 喜欢说话的;健谈的;饶舌的, 多嘴的 sociable: 好交际的, 增进友谊的, 友善的, 社交的 16.utmost: 极度的,最远的 / 极限, 极端, 最大限度
amount to: 总计为;相当于;意味着
17.desirable: 值得向往的;令人满意的;值得拥有的;富有魅力的 18.integrity: 诚实,正直,完整,完善;廉正
upright: 正直的, 合乎正道的, 诚实的 / 垂直, 竖立 19.seize: 抓住;夺取;捉住;攻占, 卡住, 咬住
dread: 恐惧, 可怕的事, 可怕的人 / 惧怕;担心 / 可怕的,可怖的 overjoyed: 狂喜的, 极度高兴的 frightened: 受惊的;受恐吓的 20.excursion: 远足;短程旅行;游览 symposium: 讨论会;专题论文集;座谈会;评论集 04 年真题
1.imaginable: 可想像的,可能的
imaginary: 想像中的;幻想的;虚构的;虚数的imaginative: 富于想象力的imagining: 想像,幻想,猜测
2.dismiss: 解散;开除;下课;驳回
eliminate: 除去, 剔除, 排除 3.actress: 女演员
prosecute: 进行,实行,起诉 ratify: 批准;认可
violate: 违犯, 冒犯, 亵渎
4.admission: 许可,入会费, 承认
(admission office:入院处；招生办)inquiry: 打听,询问,调查,查问
annoy: 使生气, 惹恼;困扰, 打搅;使烦恼;令人讨厌
thrill: 震颤,抖颤,激动
trample: 踩, 践踏;蔑视;蹂躏;伤害 reproach: 责备, 使丢脸, 申斥
5.candidacy: 候选人的地位,候选资格
enforce: 强迫;坚持;执行 endorse: 支持,赞同,背书于
follow up: 穷追, 把...探究到底;跟踪,重复补充,继承,监督,贯彻到底 put forward: 放出;提出;拿出
6.heroism: 英雄品质;勇敢的事迹;英勇
earn: 赚得,获得,博得
bestow: 授予,适用
(bestow upon: 授予)(这是习惯搭配)credit: 归功于, 信任, 赞颂 / 信用,荣誉,贷款,学分 grant: 授予,同意,承认(是及物动词，不用upon)7.tackle: 固定, 处理, 应付;捉住
taper: 逐渐变小;逐渐减少、变弱、变细, suppress: 镇压,平定;查禁;压制;废止 tangle: 使缠结,纠纷
make every effort to: 尽力做(某事)8.harmonize with: 符合于(与...相称,与...相合)cling to: 抱住(抱定,固守,贴近)depend on: 依赖(依靠,取决于,随...而定)adjust to: 适应;调节
9.decline: 降低,婉谢;衰退,减少,倾斜 ascend: 上升,攀登
descend: 下降, 屈尊, 传下 plunge: 投入,跳进,使...陷入 10.let alone: 不打扰,不惊动,更别提 let down: 放下;辜负;使失望 let off: 宽恕;放(不惩罚)let up: 减少(减缓,停止,中止)11.elevation: 海拔, 提高;标高
altitude: 高度,海拔
aptitude: 资质, 才能, 自然倾向 latitude: 纬度;回旋余地, 自由 longitude: 经度;经线
12.stubborn: 倔强的, 顽固的;不屈不挠的
determined: 坚决的;决定了的 obstinate: 倔强的, 顽固的 13.chain: 链,连锁,束缚
decorate: 装饰,装修 ornament: 装饰, 修饰
dispose: 处理,处置,销毁, 布置,排列;决定 pack: 包装,捆扎,塞满
14.stand for: 代表;主张;象征;支持, 拥护
agony:(极度的)痛苦,创痛
sufferance: 忍受, 忍耐;痛苦;忍耐力;苦难 suppuration: 脓;化脓 plague: 瘟疫, 灾祸, 麻烦 torment: 苦痛,拷问;苦恼 15.identical: 相同的,同一的
offspring: 子孙, 产物, 后代
horrible: 可怕的, 极讨厌的, 极可憎的 outraged: 震惊的,义愤填膺的
enlightened: 被启发的, 文明的, 进步的 calm:平静的, 冷静的
provoke: 激怒, 煽动, 挑拨 moved: 被移动的，被感动的 16.eligible: 符合条件的;合格的
obliged: 感激的(oblige: 强制, 束缚, 施恩惠于;表示好意)intelligible: 可理解的, 明了的, 易理解的 competent: 有能力的,胜任的,足够的 qualified: 有资格的
17.foul: 污秽的;肮脏的;邪恶的 / 弄脏,妨害,污蔑 / 犯规;缠绕 call off: 取消;喊走 delay: 耽搁,延迟
forbidden: 被禁止的, 禁止的 18.catastrophe: 大灾难;大祸
calamity: 灾难;不幸事件
frustration: 挫败;受挫;挫折
depression: 不景气, 沮丧, 消沉
19.contribute to: 有助于(贡献给);捐助;促成 well-being: 健康;幸福;福利
obedient: 服从的, 孝顺的, 顺从的 efficient: 生效的;效率高的,有能力的 painstaking: 辛苦的, 小心的, 勤勉的 submissive: 服从的, 柔顺的, 顺从的 20.applaud: 拍手喝采,称赞,赞同
lament: 哀悼;悔恨;悲叹 discipline: 训练, 纪律 mourn: 哀悼,忧伤,服丧 prosecute: 进行,实行,起诉 condemn: 判刑,责备,处刑 08 真题
1.account for: 说明;对...负有责任;证明;(在数量方面)占 call for: 需要,邀请,要求 look for: 寻找;招来;惹来
make for: 走向;导致;攻击;有助于(对...有利,促进)deterioration: 恶化, 变坏;堕落;退化 2.generous: 慷慨的,宽宏大量的affliction: 苦恼, 苦难, 痛苦
allocation: 配置,分配,安置
alliance: 结盟,联盟,联姻
3.put into: 使进入;把...放进;翻译成(进港,插入)expensively: 昂贵地;高价地
exceptionally: 例外地(格外,特别);特殊地;异常地 exhaustively: 用尽一切地;彻底地;详尽无遗地 exclusively: 专门地;独占地;专有地;排外地 4.potent: 强有力的, 有效的
conditional: 有条件的,假定的 inseparable: 不能分的
cardinal: 主要的, 深红色的
5.cohesive: 粘性的(有结合性的,有粘聚性的)cognitive: 认知的;认识的,有认识力的 collective: 集体的, 共同的, 聚集的 comic: 滑稽的, 喜剧的, 有趣的 6.mortgage: 抵押
defect: 缺点, 不足之处, 缺陷 deficit: 赤字,不足，缺乏
default: 缺席;不履行;拖欠；违约 deception: 骗局,诡计,欺骗,欺诈 7.exaggerate: 夸大,夸张
exacerbate: 加重(使...恶化,激怒)exceed: 超过, 胜过, 超越 exhibit: 展现,陈列,展览 8.facility: 设备, 灵巧, 容易
fascination: 魔力;魅力;入迷 fabrication: 制造,建造,虚构的谎言 faculty: 才能, 全体教员, 能力 9.rule out: 消除(排除,划线隔开)salvage: 海难救助;挽救;抢救;救助酬金 safeguard: 保卫, 防护设施, 保护措施
sabotage: 怠工,(人为地)破坏,(人为地)破坏活动 sacrifice: 牺牲,供俸,祭品
10.take up on: 对...提出相反的意见(对...提出质疑)take up: 拿起(开始从事,吸取,接纳);占用 check up on: 校对(检验,检查,调查)check up: 校对(检验,检查,调查)work out: 可以解决, 设计出, 作出, 计算出, 消耗完 look into: 窥视;观察;浏览;调查 11.transformation: 变化;转变;转化
mass: 块;质量;大多数 / 使集合, 集中;聚集 / 群众的;集中的;大规模的 dominate: 支配,占优势 boost: 推进,提高
pioneer: 提倡,作先驱,开劈
12.get a second opinion: 征求一下别人的意见 take action: 采取行动, 提出诉讼 sensible: 明理的,明智的
realistic: 现实的, 实际可行的, 注重实际的
sensitive: 敏感的;神经过敏的;易受伤害的;易怒的 sensational: 轰动性的, 极好的;使人感动的
13.veneration: 尊敬;崇拜
hold a person in great veneration: 极为尊敬某人
recognition: 认出, 识别;承认;确认 sincerity: 诚挚;真挚;真实 heritage: 遗产;传统;继承权
honor: 荣誉, 信誉;光荣的事或人
hold a person in great honor: 极为尊敬人 14.managerial: 管理的
requisite: 需要的, 必备的, 必不可少的 exquisite: 精致的, 敏锐的, 细腻的 unique: 独一无二的,独特的,稀罕的 15.hasten: 赶快, 急忙;催促;加速
index: 索引,指针,指数
instance: 例证, 情况, 建议 indicator: 指示器;指示剂 appearance: 外表,出现,出场 option: 选择权, 选项;选择
16.strenuous: 奋发的, 辛苦的;艰辛的；热心的
arduous: 费力的,辛勤的, 艰巨的;困难的 demanding: 要求多的, 吃力的 potent: 强有力的, 有效的
continuous: 连续的, 连续不断的, 继续的 17.hold accountable for: 对...负责 practicable: 可实行的, 可用的, 可做的 reliable: 可靠的, 可信赖的
flexible: 灵活的,易弯曲的,柔韧的 18.appraise: 评价, 鉴定, 估价
esteem: 尊敬, 认为, 尊重
appreciate: 赏识;鉴赏;感激;涨价;增值;领会;充分意识 approve: 赞同,核准,证实 evaluate: 评估, 赋值, 评价
19.bleak: 萧瑟的,严寒的,阴郁的;无希望的
chilly: 寒冷的, 不友好的, 冷淡的 dismal: 阴沉的,凄凉的,暗的 fanatic: 狂热的,盲信的
20.bore upon: 涉及(与...有关,影响)ruin: 毁灭, 毁坏;破产;变成废墟;堕落 相近单词：
potent: 强有力的, 有效的
patent: 专利权, 专利品, 执照 / 取得...的专利权, 请准专利 / 专利的,显著的,新奇的 potential: 潜在性, 可能性 / 有潜力的, 潜在的, 可能的
proponent: 建议者, 支持者
opponent: 对手, 反对者, 敌手 / 敌对的, 反对的 exponent: 说明者, 说明物;指数
determent: 威慑;妨碍;制止;威慑物 determinable: 可决定的
determinate: 确定的, 决定的, 一定的 determination: 决心;果断 determinative: 决定的;限定的
determine: 决定;判决, 裁定;使下决心;确定;终止 determined: 坚决的;决定了的 determinedly: 决然地;断然地
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