unit3中英对照[精选多篇]

第一篇：unit3中英对照

Professor Hawking thinks it important to keep everybody in touch with what science is about.In this article he explains why.------------------霍金教授认为使每个人都了解科学是干什么的非常重要。在这篇文章中，他对其中的缘由作了解释。

------------------Public Attitudes Toward Science Stephen Hawking

Whether we like it or not, the world we live in has changed a great deal in the last hundred years, and it is likely to change even more in the next hundred.Some people would like to stop these changes and go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age.But as history shows, the past was not that wonderful.It was not so bad for a privileged minority, though even they had to do without modern medicine, and childbirth was highly risky for women.But for the vast majority of the population, life was nasty, brutish, and short.------------------

公众科学观 斯蒂芬·霍金

无论我们是否愿意，我们生活的世界在过去一百年间已经变化了许多，而且在未来的一百年里可能变化更多。有人想中止这种种变化，回到那个他们认为更纯洁更朴素的时代。但正如历史所表明的，过去并非那么美妙。过去对享有特权的少数人不算太糟，但即便他们也无从享受现代医疗，而生育对妇女来说风险极大。对占人口大多数的民众而言，生活是艰难、残忍而又短暂的。

Anyway, even if one wanted to, one couldn't put the clock back to an earlier age.Knowledge and techniques can't just be forgotten.Nor can one prevent further advances in the future.Even if all government money for research were cut off(and the present government is doing its best), the force of competition would still bring about advances in technology.Moreover, one cannot stop inquiring minds from thinking about basic science, whether or not they are paid for it.The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new,and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn't succeed.All it would do is slow down the rate of change.------------------

不管怎样，即使有人想这么做，他也无法将时钟拨回到早先的时代。知识与技术不可能说忘就忘了。也没有人能阻止未来的进一步发展。即使所有用于研究的政府资金都被取消（现政府最擅此事），竞争的力量仍将继续带来技术的发展。更何况，没有人能阻止探究求索之士去思索基础科学，无论他们是否会为此得到酬劳。惟一能阻止进一步发展的办法或许是一个压制任何新事物的全球政府，但人类的进取心与创造力如此旺盛，即便这个政府也不会成功。它所能做到的只是延缓变化的速度。

If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to ensure that the changes they make are in the right directions.In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science, so that it can make informed decisions and not leave them in the hands of experts.At the moment, the public is in two minds about science.It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of living that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn't understand it.This distrust is evident in the cartoon figure of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein.It is also an important element behind support for the Green parties.But the public also has a great interest in science, particularly astronomy, as is shown by the large audiences for television series such as The Sky at Night and for science fiction.------------------

如果我们承认，我们无法阻止科学技术改变我们的世界，我们至少可以努力确保科技带来的变化方向正确。在一个民主社会里，这意味着公众需要对科学有一个基本的了解，从而可以作出明达的决定，而不是把决定留给专家去作。目前，公众对科学存有矛盾之心。公众期望科技新发展带来的生活水准的稳定提高能继续，但又怀疑科学，因为他们不懂科学。那个在实验室里设法制造弗兰肯斯泰因的疯狂的科学家的卡通人物清楚地体现了公众的这种怀疑。这也是人们之所以支持各种绿色组织的一个重要因素。但公众同时也对科学深感兴趣，尤其是对天文学，诸如《夜空》之类的电视系列节目观众不少以及科幻小说读者甚多就是明证。

What can be done to harness this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools.But in schools science is often presented in a dry and uninteresting manner.Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they don't see its relevance to the world around them.Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations.Although equations are a brief and accurate way of describing mathematical ideas, they frighten most people.When I wrote a popular book recently, I was advised that each equation I included would halve the sales.I included one equation, Einstein's famous equation, E=mc2.Maybe I would have sold twice as many copies without it.------------------

怎么样才能利用这种兴趣，向公众提供所需要的科学知识，以便其在酸雨、温室效应、核武器以及基因工程等问题上作出明达的决定呢？显然，必须把基础建立在学校课程上。但在学校里，科学往往被教得枯燥乏味。孩子们死记硬背应付考试，他们看不出科学与他们的周围世界的联系。更有甚者，科学常常是用公式来教的。虽然公式是阐述数学概念的一种简单而精确的方式，它们却使大多数人望而生畏。前不久我写了一本通俗读物，当时有人告诫我说，我每使用一个公式就会使销量减半。我只使用了一个公式，即爱因斯坦那个著名的公式，E=mc2。如果不用这个公式的话，也许我能多卖出一倍的书。

Scientists and engineers tend to express their ideas in the form of equations because they need to know the precise values of quantities.But for the rest of us, a qualitative grasp of scientific concepts is sufficient, and this can be conveyed by words and diagrams, without the use of equations.------------------

科学家和工程师倾向于用公式阐述观点，因为他们需要知道量的精确值。但对我们其余的人来说，对科学概念有个质的认识就已足够，这可以用文字和图表来表述，大可不必使用公式。

The science people learn in school can provide the basic framework.But the rate of scientific progress is now so rapid that there are always new developments that have occurred since one was at school or university.I never learned about molecular biology or transistors at school, but genetic engineering and computers are two of the developments most likely to change the way we live in the future.Popular books and magazine articles about science can help to put across new developments, but even the most successful popular book is read by only a small proportion of the population.Only television can reach a truly mass audience.There are some very good science programmes on TV, but others present scientific wonders simply as magic, without explaining them or showing how they fit into the framework of scientific ideas.Producers of television science programmes should realize that they have a responsibility to educate the public, not just entertain it.------------------

人们在学校学到的科学知识可以提供一个基本的框架。但如今科学进步的速度如此之快，一个人离开学校或大学后新的发展层出不穷。我在学校从未学过分子生物学或晶体管，但基因工程和计算机是极有可能改变我们未来生活的两项发展。有关科学的通俗读物和杂志文章能帮助人们了解新发展，但即使是最畅销的科普读物也只有一小部分人阅读。只有电视能赢得真正广大的观众。电视上有一些相当优秀的科学节目，但其他的节目把科学奇迹简单地作为魔术播出，既不加以说明，也不展现它们与科学观念的整体框架的关系。电视科学节目的制片人应该认识到，他们负有教育民众的重任，而不仅仅是为他们提供娱乐。

The world today is filled with dangers, hence the sick joke that the reason we have not been contacted by an alien civilization is that civilizations tend to destroy themselves when they reach our stage.But I have sufficient faith in the good sense of the public to believe that we might prove this wrong.------------------

当今世界充满危险，因此就有了那个令人毛骨悚然的玩笑，说我们尚未受到外星文明造访的原因在于：但凡文明发展到我们目前的程度，它们往往就自我毁灭了。然而我对公众的明智充满信心，因而相信，我们将证明这一说法是错误的。"

第二篇：中英对照

行政主体在对行政相对人作出不利行政决定时，是否必须说明理由，二战之后伴随民主法治的发展，经历从无到有的过程。法国、德国、美国、日本及我国台湾地区和澳门地区的行政程序法都有相关规定，说明理由已成为行政程序中一项重要的制度。行政主体在作出影响对人权利义务的行政行为时，向相对人说明作出该行为的事实根据、法律根据及进行自由裁量时所考虑的公共利益、社会习惯、政策考量等因素。这一方面有利于规范行政主体依法行使行政权，保障行政合法性和合理性，降低行政恣意和专断的风险；另一方面，将作出行政决定所依据的事实、法律根据及裁量因素告知行政相对人，可以增强相对人对行政决定的理解和认同。此外，如果相对人对行政决定不服，可根据行政决定的依据和理由寻求法律救济，保障其合法权益。本文以行政程序中的说明理由制度为视角，以我国工商系统推行的说理式行政处罚决定的相关案例，总结我国工商系统说明式行政处罚决定书的特点和问题，并在此基础之上提出完善建议，以期将说理式行政决定书推广适用到行政处罚、行政强制等执法领域，增强行政决定的合理性和正当性，更有效地规范行政权力，保障公民合法权益。

Whether the administrative subject has to give the reasons why making negative administrative decision on administrative counterpart, which appears accompany with the development of democracy and the rule of law.The administrative procedure law in France, Germany, the United States, Japan, Taiwan and Macao of china has relative regulations, and giving the reasons has become an important system in administrative procedure system.When the administrative subject takes administrative actions that will impact the rights and obligations of the administrative counterpart, it should explain to the administrative counterpart the fact and foundation and the law, on which it take the action, also it should explain the public interests, social habits, policy considerations and other factors that it has to take into account when make discretions.on one hand, this is conductive to standardize the administrative subject to execute administrative power according to the law, and guarantee the administrative legality and rationality, reduce administrative arbitrariness and abuse of administrative power;on the other hand, to inform the administrative decision basis of facts, law and discretion factors to the administrative counterpart could enhance the understanding and recognition of the decisions for the administrative counterpart.Besides, if the administrative counterpart doesn’t accept the decisions, could according to the foundations and reasons of the administrative decisions seek for legal redress to protect his/her legal interests.This report base on the reasons explanation system to summarize the characteristics and existing problems of the persuasive administrative penalties notifications in our country’s industrial and commercial systems, and make suggestions on how to improve it, in order to make the administrative decision be applicable to administrative penalty, administrative compulsory enforcement and other executive fields, to enhance the rationality and legitimacy of the administrative decision, effectively regulate the use of the administrative power, protect the legal rights and interests of the citizens.本文分为五部分：

The report has five parts:

引言部分简单介绍我国学界关于行政程序中说明理由制度的研究概况，说明当前关于说明理由制度研究重心和热点问题。

The brief introduce the general situation of the study of the reasons explanation system in administrative procedure of our law circles, and illustrates the focus and hot issues in current study of the reasons explanation system.第一部分为全文概述，简要介绍选题依据和来源，从宪政角度分析行政决定的说理性理论基

础，并从行政机关、行政相对人和受理争议机关复审三方面分析行政决定说理性的价值所在。第二部分着重研究我国工商系统推行的说理式行政处罚决定书案例，总结工商系统说理式行政处罚决定书的特点及存在的问题。

The first part is the general overview of the report, give a brief introduction to the basis and resource of the selection of the topic, analyze the rationality theory foundation of the administrative decision from the constitutional perspective, and analyze the value of the administrative decision rationality from the administrative organ, the administrative counterpart and the request of the controversy dispute acceptance organ.Part two focuses on the study of the cases on the persuasive administrative penalty notification pushed by our country’s industrial and commercial system, and summarize the characteristics and existing problems of the persuasive administrative penalties notifications in our country’s industrial and commercial systems.第三部分对我国目前关于行政决定说理性的立法规范进行分析，指出当前我国相关立法存在的缺陷和问题。

The third part analyzes the current legal regulations in our country on the rationality of the administrative decisions, and point out the existing defects and problems in our country’s relative laws.

第三篇：新编大学英语第三版Book 4 Unit 2中英对照

The Power of a Note 便笺的力量

[1] On my first job as sports editor for intrigued by a letter

the Montpelier(Ohio)Leader Enterprise, 我当体育编辑，最早是为蒙彼利埃（俄亥俄州）I didn't get a lot of fan mail, so I was intrigued by a letter that was dropped on my desk one morning.[2] When I opened it, I read: “A nice piece of writing on the Tigers.Keep up Don Wolfe’s inspiring comment made the good work.” It was signed by Don

me confident

我看到了下面的话：“关于老虎队的述Wolfe, the sports editor.Because I was a 打开来信，沃teenager(being paid the grand total of 评很不错，再接再厉。” 签名的是体育编辑堂·15 cents a column inch), his words couldn't have been more inspiring, I got rag-eared.Whenever Idoubted I had the right stuff to be a writer, I would reread Don's note and feel confident again.[3] Later, when I got to know him, I

Don wrote encouraging word to 尔夫。当时我只有十几岁（为每一竖栏写一英寸文字，稿酬总计达15美分），因此他的话最鼓后来它的边角都卷起来了。每当我怀疑自己不是当作家的料时，重温一下堂的便笺，就又会树起信心来。的《企业导报》工作，当时我很少收到体育迷的来信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸引住了。

kept the letter in my desk drawer until it 舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉里，learned that Don made a habit of writing people

a quick, encouraging word, to people 后来，我逐渐对堂有所了解，知道给各行各业的in all walks of life.“When I make others 人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。他feel good about themselves,” he told me, “I feel good too.”

告诉我说：“当我使别人充满信心时，自己也感觉好极了。”

[4] Not surprisingly, he had a body of Don had a body of friends as a result of friends as big as nearby Lake Erie.When(paragraph 3)he died last year at 75, the paper was 因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利湖flooded with calls and letters from people who had been recipients of his spirit-liftingwords.[5] Over the years, I've tried to copy the example of Don and other friends who care enough to write uplifting comments, because I think they are on to something important.In a world too often cold andunresponsive, such notes bring warmth and reassurance.We all need a boost from time to time, and a few lines of praise have been known to turn

那么大。去年他去世了，享年75岁。电话与悼函像潮水般涌向报社，都来自于曾经得到过他激励（文字）的人们。

I copied the example;importance of uplifting comments

多年来，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他们关心别人，常写一些鼓舞人心的话语，因为我觉得，他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷漠、无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺给人们带来了温暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。around a day, even a life.[6] Why, then, are there so few upbeat note writers? My guess is that many who shy away from the practice are too self-conscious.They're afraid they'll be misunderstood, sound sentimental or insincere.Also，Why so few upbeat note writers? reasons

那么，这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若晨星呢？我猜想很多人回避写，是因为他们太看重人们的看法。他们担心会被误解，怕别人觉得他

们自作多情或者言不由衷。还有，写也要花时间，writing takes time;it's far easier to pick

远不如打电话方便。

up the phone.[7] The drawback with phone calls, of course, is that they don't last.A note attaches, more importance to our well-wishing.It is a matter of record, and our words can be read more than once, savored andtreasured.[8] Even though note writing may take longer, some pretty busy people do it, including George Bush.Some say he owes, much of his success in politics to his ever-ready pen.How? Throughout his career he has followed up virtually every contact with a cordial response—acompliment, a line of praise or a nod of thanks.His notes go not only to friends and associates, but to casual acquaintances and totalstrangers—like the surprised person who got a warm pat on the backfor lending Bush an umbrella.[9] Even top corporate managers, who have mostly affected styles of leadership that can be characterized only as tough, cold and aloof, have begun to learn the lesson, and earn the benefits, of writing notes thatlift people up.Former Ford chairman Donald Peterson, who is largelycredited for turning the company round in the 1980s, made it a practice to write positive messages to associates every day.“I'd just scribblethem on a memo pad or

top managers have begun to learn the lesson: Donald Peterson

那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且从中获益匪浅。唐纳德·彼得森，福特公司的前主席，把每天写便笺鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在20世纪80年代时走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。“我只不过匆匆地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话，然后传递出去，”他说道。“每天最重要的一段时间，就是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。”

writing notes, busy people do it: George Bush

尽管写便笺会多花一些时间，但一些非常忙的人也在这么做，其中包括乔治·布什。有人说，他政治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备写字的笔。这是怎么回事呢？在他整个职业生涯中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信，内容亲切——一句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他的人，后来收到他热情的赞扬信，感到很惊讶。

phone calls vs.notes

当然打电话的缺点是：说过的话留不住。而一张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍贵。便笺是白纸黑字记录在案的东西，而且我们写下的字可以反复阅读，细细品味并珍藏起来。the corner of a letter and pass them along,” he says.“The most important ten minutes of your day are those you spend doing something to boost the people who work for you.” [10] “Too often,” he observed, “people people thrive on positive we genuinely like have no idea how we reinforcement(following 9)feel about them.Too often we think, I “太多的时候，”他说，“那些我们真正喜欢的人并haven't said anything critical;why do I 不知道我们是怎么看待他们的。太多的时候，我have to say something positive? We forget that human beings need positive reinforcement—in fact, we thriveonit!” [11] What does it take to write letters that lift spirits and warm hearts?, Only a the 4 “S”s: general willingness to express

怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢？只需our appreciation.The most successful 要我们愿意表达我们的赏识。写这种便笺的高手practitioners include what I call the four 都具有我所谓的 “4S”技巧。“S's” of note writing.[12] 1)They are sincere.No one wants

１）真诚（sincere）。没人要听虚假的赞美。

false praise.[13] 2)They are usually short.If you can't say what you want to say in three sentences, you're probably straining,.[14] 3)They are specific.Complimenting a business colleague by ３）具体（specific）。赞扬一位业务伙伴 “演告诉他“关于沃伦·巴菲特的telling him “good speech” is too vague;讲精彩”太笼统含糊；“great story about Warren Buffet's investment strategy” is precise.[15] 4)They are spontaneous.This gives them the freshness and enthusiasm that will linger in the reader's mind long afterward.[16] It's difficult to be spontaneous

４）自然（spontaneous）。这使得便笺充满了生气，洋溢着热情，并使读者的心灵长久地感受这种生气和热情。

投资策略讲得很精彩”才是一语中的。

２）简短（short）。如果不能用三句话表达出你的意思，你很可能过火了，写得太长。们会以为，我并没有说过什么批评的话，为什么非得去说好话呢？我们忘了，人类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上，我们靠这个取得进步，获得成功！”

writing material

when you have to hunt for letter-writing

当你非得到处找写信用品时，写出来的东西就难materials, so I keep paper,envelopes

以自然，因此我总是把纸、信封和邮票放在手边，and stamps close at hand, even when I

甚至在旅行时也是如此。信封信笺不需要很花travel.Fancy stationery isn't

哨，重要的是要表达的思想。

necessary;it's the thoughtthat counts.[17] So, who around you deserves a looking for a reason for the note note of thanks or approval? A neighbor, 那么，你周围又有谁值得你写便笺表示感谢或鼓your librarian, a relative, your mayor，励呢？一位邻居？为你服务的那位图书馆管理your mate, a teacher, your doctor? You 员？一位亲戚？你的市长？你的伙伴？一位教don't need to be poetic.If you need a reason, look for a milestone, the anniversary of a special event you

师？你的医生？你不必富有诗意。如果你需要一个写的理由，就找一个生活中的重要事件，例如你们共同参加的某个特殊事件的周年纪念日、生shared, or a birthday or holiday.For the 日或者节日。例如，过去的25年里，我总是为last 25 years, for example, I've prepared 远方的朋友每年准备一张圣诞卡，而且常常在上an annual Christmas letter for handwritten word of thanks or congratulations.Acknowledging some success or good fortune that has happened during the year seems particularly appropriate considering the spirit of the Christmas season.[18] Be generous with your praise.be generous with your praise

面亲笔写上一句感谢或祝贺的话。鉴于圣诞节的表示谢忱似乎是最恰到好处的。long-distance friends, and I often add a 氛围，就一年来所取得的成功与得到的好运特意

像“最了不起的”、“最聪Superlatives like “greatest”, “smartest”, 不要吝啬你的赞美之言。

“最漂亮的”这种最高级的表达法使大家都“prettiest” make us all feel good.Even if 明的”、your praise is a little ahead of reality, the parents of dreams fulfilled., [19] Today I got a warm, complimentary letter from my old boss andmentor, Norman Vincent conclusion: a letter today(echoes 1)Peale.His little note to me was full of typewriter to compose a know if they will make anybody else's

今天，我收到了以前的老板和精神导师诺曼·文森满是鼓舞人心的词句，这促使我坐到了打字机前不会使别人的一天别有意义，但是，对我而言确

皮尔的一封温暖的赞扬信。这张小小的便笺上uplifting phrases, and it sent me to my 特·few overdueletters of my own.I don't 来完成几封我早就该写的信。我不知道这些信会沃尔夫所说的：使别人day, but they made mine.As my friend 实如此。正如我的朋友堂·Don Wolfe said, making others feel good 充满信心，也就使自己感觉很好。about themselves makes me feel good too.(978 words)

感到高兴。即使你的赞美之词与现实相比稍稍超于期望之中。remember that expectations are often 前了一点也没关系，记住，梦想的实现往往孕育

第四篇：成语故事(中英对照)

抱薪救火

战国末期，秦国向魏国接连发动大规模的进攻，魏国无力抵抗，大片土地都被秦军占领了。到公元前273年，秦国又一次向魏国出兵，势头空前猛烈。

魏王把大臣们召来，愁眉苦脸地问大家有没有使秦国退兵的办法。大臣们由于经过多年的战乱，提起打仗就吓得哆嗦，谁也不敢谈“抵抗”二字。在这大兵压境的危急时刻，多数大臣都劝魏王，用黄河以北和太行山以南的大片土地为代价，向秦王求和。

谋士苏代听了这些话，很不以为然，忙上前对魏王说：“大王，他们是因为自己胆小怕死，才让您去卖国求和，根本不为国家着想。您想，把大片土地割让给秦国虽然暂时满足了秦王的野心，但秦国的欲望是无止境的，只要魏国的土地没割完，秦军就不会停止进攻我们。”

说到这里，苏代讲了一个故事：从前有一个人，他的房子起火了，别人劝他快用水去浇灭大火，但他不听，偏抱起一捆柴草去救火，是因为他不懂得柴草不但不能灭火反而能助长火势的道理。大王若同意拿着魏国土地去求和，不就等于抱着柴草救火吗？”

尽管苏代讲得头头是道，但是胆小的魏王只顾眼前的太平，还是依大臣们的意见把魏国大片土地割让给秦国。到公元225年，果然秦军又向魏国大举进攻，包围了国都大梁，掘开黄河大堤让洪水淹没了大梁城，魏国终于被秦国灭掉了。

故事出自《史记·魏世家》。成语“抱薪救火”比喻用错误的方法去消灭祸害，结果反而使祸害扩大。

Carrying Faggots to Put Out a Fire In the last years of the Warring States period, the State of Qin attacked the State of Wei on a large scale repeatedly and occupied large areas of land, for the State of Wei was too weak to defend itself.In 273 B.B., the qin army launched another attack upon the State of Wei with a momentum more vigorous than ever.The king of the State of Wei summoned his officials,and asked with a worried look if anyone could propose a way to defeat the Qin army.After years of chaos caused by the wars,the officials trembled when fighting was mentioned, and no one dared to speak ofresistance.At the critical moment when a large enemy force was bearing down upon the border, most of the offinials persuaded the king to sue for peace, at the cost of giving away to the State of Qin the large area of land north of the Huanghe River and south of the Taihang Mountain.However Su Dai, a counsellor, did not agree.He hurried up to the king and said:“Your Majesty, they don't think about the interests of the country at all.It is just because they are cowardly and afraid of death that they ask you to sue for peace by betraying the country.Of course you can temperarily satisfy the ambition of the king of the State of Qin is insatiably greedy.It will never stop assaulting us until our land is totally given away.”Once there was a man whose house was on fire.People told him to put out the fire with water, but he would not listen.Instead, he carried a faggot to put out the fire, only to make the fire fiercer.That was because he didn't know that,instead of putting out the fire, faggots could only make it burning more vigorously.Isn't it equivalent to carrying faggots to put out a fire if you agree to sue for peace at the cost of the land of the State of Wei?“Though Su Dai's argument was very convincing, the king accepted the suggestion of those officials and gave away to the State of Qin a large area of the land of the State of Wei.For the king of the State of Wei was cowardly and only cared for peace at the moment.As might be expected,the Qin army assaulted the State of Wei on a large scale in 225 B.C.,surrounding the capital city Daliang and flooding it by digging open the dykes of the Huanghe River.The State of Wei was finally destroyed by the State of Qin.This story appears in the Historical Records Written by Sima Qian.The set phrase”carrying faggots to put out a fire"is used to mean adopting a wrong method to save a situation and ending up by making it worse.

第五篇：公司简介(中英对照)

波音公司是全球航空航天业的领袖公司，也是世界上最大的民用和军用飞机制造商。此外，波音公司设计并制造旋翼飞机、电子和防御系统、导弹、卫星、发射装置、以及先进的信息和通讯系统。作为美国国家航空航天局的主要服务提供商，波音公司运营着航天飞机和国际空间站。波音公司还提供众多军用和民用航线支持服务，其客户分布在全球90多个国家。就销售额而言，波音公司是美国最大的出口商之一。

Boeing is the world's leading aerospace company and the largest manufacturer of commercial jetliners and military aircraft combined.Additionally, Boeing designs and manufactures rotorcraft, electronic and defense systems, missiles, satellites, launch vehicles and advanced information and communication systems.As a major service provider to NASA, Boeing operates the Space Shuttle and International Space Station.The company also provides numerous military and commercial

airline support services.Boeing has customers in more than 90 countries around the world and is one of the largest U.S.exporters in terms of sales.波音公司一直是航空航天业的领袖公司，也素来有着创新的传统。波音公司不断扩大产品线和服务，满足客户的最新需求，包括开发更高效的新机型，通过网络整合军事平台、防御系统和战斗机，研发先进的技术解决方案，制订创新型的客户融资方案。

Boeing has a long tradition of aerospace leadership and innovation.The company continues to expand its product line and services to meet emerging customer needs.The broad range of capabilities includes creating new, more efficient members of its commercial airplane family;integrating military platforms, defense systems and the warfighter through network-centric operations;creating advanced technology solutions;and arranging innovative customer-financing solutions.波音公司的总部位于芝加哥，在美国境内及全球70个国家共有员工160000多名，主要业务基地集中在美国华盛顿州的普吉特湾、南加州和圣路易斯。公司2007年营业额为664亿美元。Headquartered in Chicago, Boeing employs more than 158,000 people across the United States and in 70 countries.This represents one of the most diverse, talented and innovative workforces anywhere.More than 90,000 of our people hold college degrees--including nearly 29,000 advanced degrees--in virtually every business and technical field from approximately 2,700 colleges and universities worldwide.Our enterprise also leverages the talents of hundreds of thousands more skilled people working for Boeing suppliers worldwide.波音公司下设两个业务部门：波音民用飞机集团和波音防务、空间与安全集团。支持这两大业务部分的有：提供全球融资服务的波音金融公司，为全球的波音机构提供各种服务的共用服务集团，以及开发、收购、应用及保护创新性技术和流程的波音工程、运营和技术部。Boeing is organized into two business units: Boeing Commercial Airplanes and Boeing Defense, Space & Security.Supporting these units is Boeing Capital

Corporation, a global provider of financing solutions;the Shared Services Group, which provides a broad range of services to Boeing worldwide;and Boeing

Engineering, Operations & Technology, which helps develop, acquire, apply and protect innovative technologies and processes.波音民用飞机集团

40多年来，波音一直是全球最主要的民用飞机制造商。随着1997年波音与麦道的合并，波音在民用飞机领域的传统优势因麦道系列飞机的加入而进一步加强，也使合并后的波音在民用航空领域拥有了70年的领先历史。波音现有的主要民用飞机产品包括737、747、767、777系列飞机和波音公务机。新产品研发的重点是波音787梦想飞机和747-8。全球现役的波音民用飞机接近12000架，约占全球机队总量的75%。波音民用航空服务部通过一流的全天候技术支持帮助用户保持飞机的最佳使用状态，同时为全球用户提供一整套具有国际水准的工程、改装、物流和信息服务，服务对象包括客运和货运航空公司，以及飞机维护、修理和大修厂商。波音翱腾航训公司是全球最大最全面的航空培训提供商，为100座（含）以上的飞机市场培训飞行及维护人员。

Boeing has been the premier manufacturer of commercial jetliners for more than 40 years.With the merger of Boeing and McDonnell Douglas in 1997, Boeing's

leadership in commercial jets, joined with the lineage of Douglas airplanes, gives the combined company a 70-year heritage of leadership in commercial aviation.Today, the main commercial products are the 737, 747, 767 and 777 families of airplanes and the Boeing Business Jet.New product development efforts are

focused on the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, and the 747-8.The company has nearly 12,000 commercial jetliners in service worldwide, which is roughly 75 percent of the world fleet.Through Boeing Commercial Aviation Services, the company provides unsurpassed, around-the-clock technical support to help operators

maintain their airplanes in peak operating condition.Commercial Aviation Services offers a full range of world-class engineering, modification, logistics and

information services to its global customer base, which includes the world's

passenger and cargo airlines, as well as maintenance, repair and overhaul facilities.Boeing also trains maintenance and flight crews in the 100-seat-and-above airliner market through Boeing Training & Flight Services, the world's largest and most comprehensive provider of airline training.波音防务、空间与安全集团

波音防务、空间与安全集团为全球的国防、政府和商业用户提供大规模系统的“端对端”服务。这些大规模系统将复杂的通信网络和基于陆、海、空及太空的平台结合起来，提供非常广泛的国防和空间系统、产品及服务。它设计、制造、改装战斗机、轰炸机、运输机、旋翼机、空中加油机、导弹及武器系统并提供相关支持，而且处于无人驾驶系统军事技术领域的前沿。防务、空间与安全集团还支持着美国政府的数个重要国防项目，包括防御署的地基中程防御项目、国家侦察办公室的未来成像系统、美空军运载火箭项目，以及美国航空航天局的国际空间站项目等。作为系统集成商，波音防务、空间与安全集团承接了一些新项目，包括美国陆军的未来作战系统和联合战术无线电系统，美国国防部的先进超视距终端系列，以及美国国土安全部安全边境项目中的SBInet部分。

Boeing Defense, Space & Security(BDS)provides end-to-end services for

large-scale systems that enhance air-, land-, sea-and space-based platforms for global military, government and commercial customers.In addition to designing,producing, modifying and supporting fighters, bombers, transports, rotorcraft, aerial refuelers, missiles, munitions and spacecraft for military, civil and commercial use, BDS is developing enhanced capabilities through network-centric operations, communications and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance technologies.BDS also supports the U.S.government as a system integrator on several programs of national significance--NASA's space shuttle and International Space Station programs, the Missile Defense Agency's Ground-Based Midcourse Defense

program, the Army's Brigade Combat Team Modernization program and SBInet, a critical component of the Secure Border Initiative managed by the Department of Homeland Security.波音金融公司

波音金融公司是全球融资解决方案提供商。该公司与波音民用飞机集团和波音综合防御系统密切合作，负责安排、组织和/或提供资金，以促进波音民用飞机和军用飞机、卫星以及运载火箭的销售和交付。波音金融公司2007年底的资产总额为65亿美元，其优势在于整合了波音的融资实力、全球性业务、对波音客户和设备的充分了解、以及经验丰富的金融专家队伍。Boeing Capital Corporation is a global provider of financing solutions.Working closely with Commercial Airplanes and Defense, Space & Security, Boeing Capital Corporation arranges, structures and/or provides financing to facilitate the sale and delivery of Boeing commercial and military aircraft, satellites and launch vehicles.With a year-end 2009 portfolio of approximately $5.7 billion, Boeing Capital Corporation combines Boeing's financial strength and global reach, detailed knowledge of Boeing customers and equipment, and the expertise of a seasoned group of financial professionals.波音共用服务集团

波音共用服务集团为其他各业务部门在全球的运营提供基础性保障支持服务，以支持其专注于保持利润增长。共用服务集团的服务范围包括设备维护、员工福利和服务、人事、招聘、员工健康、公司帮助中心、安全、防火、现场运营、灾难预防、建筑、回收、储备、虚拟工作场所、创造性服务、运输、业务持续能力、全部非生产型产品和服务的采购等。该集团还通过波音旅游管理公司提供广泛的旅行和预订服务。此外，服务集团还负责管理波音所有的房地产。共用服务集团通过整合服务带来了更大的价值，创造了“精益”流程和运营模式，同时更好地利用了采购能力，也使服务更方便易用。

Shared Services Group allows business units to focus on profitable growth by providing the infrastructure services required to run their global operations.The group provides a broad range of services worldwide, including facilities services, employee benefits and services, staffing, recruitment, wellness programs, security, fire protection, site operations, disaster preparedness, construction, reclamation, conservation programs, virtual workplace, creative services, transportation,business continuity and the purchase of all non-production goods and services.It also offers comprehensive travel services to Boeing employees and manages the sale and acquisition of all leased and owned property for Boeing.By integrating

services, Shared Services Group delivers greater value, creates “lean” processes and operations, leverages buying power and simplifies access to services for all of Boeing.工程、运营和技术部

波音工程、运营和技术部在正确的时间和地点，为分布在全球各地的波音机构提供合适的人员、技术、流程和性能，以支持波音各业务部门及发展战略。这一目标战略由特种工程部、知识产权管理部、信息技术部等主要下属部门完成，其在工程、运营、质量和信息技术流程委员会中的领导地位也发挥了重要作用。工程、运营和技术部通过提供先进的新战略方案、创新性的技术和流程方案，致力于将波音转变为以网络为中心的全球化企业，同时强化并保护公司的知识财富，加强创新的文化，确保波音取得成功。Boeing Engineering, Operations & Technology supports Boeing's business units and growth strategy by providing the right people, technologies, processes and performance at the right time and in the right place across the company worldwide.This strategy is delivered in various ways by the primary organizational groups--Research & Technology, Intellectual Property Management, and Information Technology, and its leadership role in the Engineering, Operations, Quality, and Information Technology process councils.Through all its activities, Engineering, Operations & Technology helps ensure the future success of Boeing by winning strategic new programs, providing innovative technology and process solutions, transforming Boeing into a global network-centric enterprise, enhancing and

protecting the company's intellectual capital, and fostering a culture of innovation.