当代研究生英语课后习题答案(上册、下册)总结好的,供期末考试用英语复习（样例5）

第一篇：当代研究生英语课后习题答案(上册、下册)总结好的,供期末考试用英语复习

1.The Bill has incorporated many of the suggestions put forward by the opposition.2.New technologies are needed to invigorate the country’s economy.3.The soldier suppressed his fear and went on fighting.4.The noise of cars passing along the road is a continual disturbance to our quiet life.5.This country is suffering from its economic stagnation.6.The old man cherished the girl as if she were his daughter.7.Do not lose hope;remember the motto “Never say die”.8.The temple is high in the mountain, and is inaccessible to the public in winter.9.The child showed defiance by refusing to eat.10.I am defending my communist ideology my ideals, the content and significance of my whole life.11.The car ran down the hill under its own impetus.12.There a canal was being built to facilitate commerce between these two cities.13.My first parachute jump was a(n)exhilarating experience.14.Is my conviction that you did not try hard enough.15.“Worldly wealth is transient;heavenly wealth lasts for ever.” said the priest.1.In order to strengthen his arguments, Toffler（）respectable social scientists who agree with him.A.quotes

B.confirms

C.recites

D.convinces 2.He could scarcely resist taking another drink of the delicious wine, but remembering the doctor’s advice, he（）.A refrained

B withdrew

C avoided

D retreated 3.When people have their basic needs satisfied, they begin to think of other things to fulfill their life（）.A necessities

B requirements

C appreciations

D expectations 4.Within seconds, the experienced instructor（）the situation and decided to attempt rescue.A assumed

B assured

C assessed

D affirmed 5.Most good writers use every means at their（）to make the reader’s way smooth and easy.A will

B disposal

C request

D convenience 6.The new apartment house built a few months ago is large enough to（）over two hundred people.A accommodate

B locate

C settle

D reside 7.A river（）through the narrow wooded valley below.A pours

B twists

C expends

D expands 8.To use a Chinese saying, this is “a punishment which they well（）”.A desert

B deserve

C reserve

D preserve 9.The captain of the ship（）the passengers that there was no danger.A secured

B ensured

C assured

D guaranteed 10.The growth of cities and suburbs throughout the region has（）the residents to build houses wherever they could find open land.A converted

B appealed

C justified

D encouraged Unit 2 1.The kitchen was small and（）so that the disabled woman could reach everything without difficulty.A complete

B complex

C composite

D compact

2.His authority and（）make him an excellent teacher.A self-consciousness

B self-confidence C self-centeredness

D self-regard 3.Being both spoilt and lazy he（）everyone else for his lack of success.A accused

B charged

C criticized

D blamed 4.When I learned that I had passed the exam, I felt（）and relaxed.A careless

B trouble-free

C negligent

D care-free 5.A very large cat was watching us intently from the top of a（）car.A careless

B stationery

C motionless

D stationary 6.This is the（）piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A actual

B real

C genuine

D contemporary 7.Your usual teacher has lost his voice and（）I am taking his place today.A nevertheless

B however

C moreover

D accordingly 8.A（）woman is needed to take care of two small children.A confident

B reliable

C trusty

D faithful 9.I have had a（）of misfortunes.A continuation

B repetition

C continuity

D succession 10.He had an（）habit of emptying ash trays out of his upstairs window onto our doorstep.A objectionable

B afflicting

C uneducated

D offending 11.The music aroused a(n)（）feeling of homesickness in him.A intense

B hopeless

C intensive

D sad 12.The jury（）him of having committed the robbery and he was then sentenced to five year’s imprisonment.A accused

B charged

C convicted

D acquitted 13.The book proved to be very unreliable and so was quite（）to him in his research.A unimportant

B disused

C useless

D unusable 14.The plan was（）when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.A resigned

B abandoned

C released

D redeemed 15.The blow at the end of round three knocked the champion（）.A insensitive

B stupefied

C senseless

D nonsensical Unit 3 1.The Roman empire()under pressure pressure from uncivilized northern tribes.A trembled

B crumbled

C hurdled

D smashed 2.the police are()a war against crime in the city.A committing

B breaking

C undertaking D waging 3.the sign was no longer legible because much of the lettering had()。A worn down

B worn on

C worn away

D worn out 4.they()whether an international loan was possible.A dissolved

B disputed

C dissented

D distorted 5.he is always()his knowledge in public A airing

B praising

C assuming

D retorting 6.flowers are blooming in scarlet profusion on the()of the rice-fields.A spaces

B clearings

C margins

D vacuums 7.the young soldier’s hearing was()after the explosion A strengthened B trapped

C manipulated

D impaired

8.black death was()in england in the summer of 1348 without any warning and, most importantly, without any cure.A current

B circulating

C prevailing

D universal 9.the good news is that as people infected with HIV keep taking the triple-drug(),they have an excellent chance of surviving the infection for a long time.A antigen

B cocktail

C microbe

D therapy

10.because it has long been known that HIV kills CD4 cells when it replicates inside them, many researchers have been too ready to()that this is the reason they all die.A discover

B assume

C retort

D pronounce Measure some unless however

separate when

environmentally happen

opportunity capable in difference demonstrate up average with but

fail isolate never There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence.The first is the sort of brain he is born().Human brains differ considerably,()being more capable than others.()no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence()he has opportunities to learn.So the second factor is what()to the individual---the sort of environment in which he is brought().If an individual is handicapped(),it is likely that his brain will()to develop and he will()attain the level of intelligence of which he is().The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be()by the case history of the identical twins, Peter an John.When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in()foster homes.Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an()community with poor educational().John,(),was educated in home of well-to-do parents who had been to college.This environmental()continued until the twins were()their late teens,()they were given tests to()their intelligence.John’s I.Q.was 125,twenty-five points higher than the()and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.Creativity so stimulate control on substance mind carry chemicals they learning efficient affect discover interest Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in some interesting discoveries.Scientists believe that a way to improve the power of the brain may soon be possible.Scientists have()that the brain can make its own drugs.The brain contains a protein()which can act directly()the brain to change aspects of mental activity.Some may change or improve, for example,(), intelligence, imagination, and good memory.Chemicals found in the brain()messages.In recent years scientists have found chemicals that()mood, memory and other happenings of the().About 25 have been found()far.Today the role of()and protein substance in human behaviour is creating much(), Research seems to show that they may help()insomnia, pain, and mental illness.They have a great capacity to()the brain to conquer deficiencies.()also improve the qualities of memory and()already in the brain.They hold the secret to mood and emotion.Some day there may be a chemical way to create a better and more()brain.Sample

immune

which

ways

lead to

number

take rebuild

at all

further

drug

that

argue

disrupt

cope with

trap

alongside

finding

loss

prolong By measuring the amount of HIV’s genetic material in various representative tissue samples from infected people, and extrapolating from these(sample)to the entire body, Haase estimates that at most 1 in 2,500cells, maybe fewer ,is infected with HIV.This is nowhere near enough for direct cell killing to account for the depletion in their numbers that(leads to)AIDS.Haase says that his own work now shows that large numbers of CD4 cells are becoming(trapped)in lymph tissue, and he believes that HIV also(disrupts)the production of new cells.In common with a number of other researchers, he also believes that HIV may cause the(loss)of uninfected CD4 cells by triggering abnormally high levels of cell suicide, or apoptosis—a separate process that has been a subject of research throughout the 1990s.Taken together , these(findings)clearly suggest that HIV keeps the(immune)system in state of constant activation, and unbalances it in four(ways):by trapping mature cells, by killing a small but significant(number)of cells directly.Their combined impact leaves the immune system depleted and unable to(cope with)opportunistic infections.How will any of this affect treatments ? Would better knowledge of the ways in(which)the virus disturbs the immune system enable researchers to(rebuild)it, broadening the depleted repertoire of CD4 cells? Roederer, at least, thinks that drugs that directly affect the immune system will be needed.Others go(further).Jay Levy at the University of California, San Francisco, worries that(prolonged)treatment with cocktails of antiviral(drugs)might even fool the immune system and “put it to rest”, by keeping levels of HIV so low in the body(that)they fail to trigger any immune responses(at all).This night make individuals who stop(taking)the durgs even more vulnerable.He(argues)that immune-restoring treatments should be given(alongside)antiviral drugs.Already, some researchers are working on novel approaches such as developing genetically engineered T cells to replace lost CD4 cells.Unit 4 Transaction

refer to through across

focus on

cover

at all levels of

nothing

in the case of

come into

necessarily make community

be prepared to have access to Economic “globalization” is a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress.It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows.The term sometimes also()the movement of people(labor)and knowledge(technology)()international borders.There are also broader cultural, political and environmental dimensions of globalization that are not()here.At its most basic, there is()mysterious about globalization.The term()common usage since the 1980s, reflecting technological advances that()it easier and quicker to complete international()---both trade and financial flows.It refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have operated for centuries()human economic activity---village markets,urban industries, or financial centers.Markets promote efficiency()competition and the division of labor—the specialization that allows people and economies to()what they do best.Global matkets offer greater opportunity for people to tap into more and larger markets around the world.It means that they can()more capital flows, technology, cheaper imports, and larger export markets.But markets do not()ensure that the benefits of increased efficiency are shared by all.Countries must()embrace the policies needed, and()the poorest countries may need the support of the international()as they do so.在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的看法要经历四个感知方面的微妙变化：第一，在内心中对自己和他人的看法；第二，在生活中的各种威胁面前所具有的安全感；第三是我们对时间的认识，是感到来日方长，还是开始感到时日无多？最后是对自己的精力和活力的直觉意识，是感到精力充沛，还是感到力不从心？这些都是我们内心里产生的若明若暗的感觉，他们构成了我们生活的基调，影响着我们采取行动前的种种决定。

人生这一阶段的任务是，在同龄人中、在性别角色中、在期望的职业中、以及在思想意识和世界观方面确立自己的位置。这样，我们既有了离家独立的动力，也有了离家独立的心理准备。

由于幻想的鼓舞和支持以及对自己的意志充满信心，我们在二十岁时普遍认定自己所选择的道路是人生真正的事业所在。如果有人说我们很想自己的父母，说我们的言行举止是父母二十多年来教育和熏陶的结果，我们会很不高兴。

几年之后此病毒从刚果荒蛮浓密的丛林中爆发出来。一旦流传开来，它就随着反叛部队穿越大陆的各个战区；随着货车司机驶过各个妓院；最终，可能随着空中乘务员飞往美国，并在那里于20世纪80年代初被发现。

在津巴布韦的25个受监控的地区，怀孕的妇女接受了HIV病毒的检测。1997年只有两个地区显示其感染率在10%以下。

这是因为在贫穷国家许多人对正常的经济发展不起作用。说得再残酷些，在一个拥有大量非技术劳力的国家里，死去的劳力很容易被取代。

当一家之主染上了艾滋病，他或她的家庭损失就不是一个人的事了。以为不只是他的收入没有了，他的亲属还要花时间和金钱去照料他。

泰国政府认为没有必要向肯尼亚那样由于害怕吓走了旅游者而淡化HIV传播的严重性。泰国人被反复告知HIV的危害性，以及如何避免它，最后由他们自己去做出选择。

近四年来，病毒引起免疫系统灾难性崩溃从而导致艾滋病这一理论一直主宰着人类对HIV的研究。但是这种理论的一致性现在正在动摇，部分原因是由于免疫学家费兰克。米德马 领导的一支荷兰小组对HIV的研究工作。如果荷兰小组是正确的话，其影响将是深远的。感染HIV的人将有望得到新方法的治疗。而一些话费几十亿美元的研究项目中最具权威的理论就会被推翻。

总体而言，世界贸易组织采纳了有利与跨国商务活动的规则，拒绝了商务活动反对的规则。世界贸易组织的政策遭到了来自“民间社团”的代表，如工会、消费者积极分子、环境保护主义者、土著民居、妇女团体等的反对。墨西哥在执行北美自由贸易协定不久，货币危机使国家陷入经济萧条，小业主们也走向街头反对“自由贸易”。不同意北部联盟有关劳动保护条款的南半球的贫穷国家也认为世界贸易组织并不为大多数人谋福利。

第二篇：当代研究生英语下册课后Close原文1-4

Unit 1，There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence.The first is the sort of brain he is born with.Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others.But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with ,an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn.So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is brought up.If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of，intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individuals intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and John.When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes.Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities.John, however, was educated in home of well-to-do parents who had been to college, This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were，given tests to measure their intelligence.Johns I.Q was 125,twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.Unit 2

Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in some interesting discoveries.Scientists believe that a way to improve the power of the brain may soon be possible.Scientists have discovered that the brain can make its own drugs.The brain contains a protein substance which can act directly on the brain to change aspects of mental activity.Some may change or improve, for example, creativity, intelligence, imagination, and good memory.Chemicals found in the brain carry messages.In recent years scientists have found chemicals that affect mood, memory and other happenings of the mind.About 25 have been found so far.Today the role of chemicals and protein substance in human behaviour is creating much interest.Research seems to show that they may help control insomnia, pain, and mental illness.They have a great capacity to stimulate the brain to conquer deficiencies.They also improve the qualities of memory and learning already in the brain.They hold the secret to mood and emotion.Some day there may be a chemical way to create a better more efficient brain.Unit 3，By measuring the amount of HIVs genetic material in various representative tissue samples from infected people, and extrapolating form these samples to the entire body, Haase estimates that at most 1 in 2,500 cells, maybe fewer, is infected with HIV.This is nowhere near enough for direct cell killing to account for the depletion in their numbers that leads to AIDS.Haase says that his own work now shows that large numbers of CD4 cell ate becoming trapped in lymph tissue, and he believes that HIV also disrupts the production of new cells.In common with a number of other researchers, he also believes that HIV may cause the loss of uninfected CD4 cells by triggering abnormally high levels of cell suicide ,or apoptosis-a separate process that has been a subject of research throughout the 1990s.Taken together, these findings clearly suggest that HIV keeps the immune system in a state of constant activation, and unbalances it in four ways :by trapping mature cells ,by stopping the production of new cells, by triggering abnormally high rates of apoptosis and by killing a small but significant number of cells directly.Their combined impact leaves the immune system depleted and unable to cope with opportunistic infections.How will any of this affect treatments? Would better knowledge of the ways in which the virus disturbs the immune system enable researchers to rebuild it ,broadening the depleted repertoire of CD4 cells ? Roederer , at least, thinks that drugs that directly affect the immune system will be needed.Others go further, Jay Levy at the University of California , San Francisco, worries that prolonged treatment with cocktails of antiviral drugsmight even fool the immune system and “put it to rest”, by keeping levels of HIV so low in the body that they fail to trigger any immune responses at all.This might make individuals who stop taking the drugs even more vulnerable.He argues that immune-restoring treatments should be given alongside antiviral drugs.Already, some researchers are working on novel approaches such as developing genetically engineered T cell to replace lose CD4 cells.Unit 4what is Golbalization?

Economic “globalization” is a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress.It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world , particularly through trade and financial flows.The term sometimes also refers to the movement of

people(labor)and knowledge(technology)across international borders.There are also broader cultural, political and environmental dimensions of globalization that are not covered here.At its most basic, there is nothing mysterious about globalization.The term has come to common usage since the 1980s, reflecting technological advances that make it easier and quicker to complete international transactions –both trade an financial flows, It refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activity-village markets, urban industries ,or financial centers.Markets promote efficiency through competition and the division of labor-the specialization that allows people and economies to focus on what they do best.Global markets offer greater opportunity for people to tap into more and larger markets around the world.It means that they can have access to more capital flows, technology, cheaper imports, and larger export markets.But markets do not necessarily ensure that the benefits of increased efficiency are shared by all.Countries must be prepared to embrace the policies needed, and in the case of the poorest countries may need the support of the international community as they do so.

第三篇：《高等学校研究生英语综合教程_下》课后习题答案

Task 1

Unit One

1.provinces b.2.woke a.3.haunt b.4.trouble a.5.weathers d.6.wakeb.7.coined c.8.trouble b.9.weather c.10.province c.11.coin a.12.value a.13.haunts a.14.has promised a.15.trouble c.16.coin b.17.promise d, 18.Values c.19.Refrain b.20.valued e.Task 2

1.tranquil 2.ultimately 3.aftermath 4.cancel out 5.ordeal 6.drastic 7.legacy 8.deprivations

9.suicidal 10.anticipated 11.preoccupied 12.Adversities 13.aspires 14.nostalgia 15, retrospect

Task 3

1.a mind-blowing experience 2.built-in storage space 3.self-protection measures 4.short-term employment

5.distorted and negative self-perception 6.life-changing events 7.all-encompassing details 8.a good self-image

Task1

Unit Two

I.A.entertainmentB.entertaining2.A.attached B.attachment3.A.historically B.historic4.A.innovativeB.Innovations5.A.flawed B.flawless

6.A.controversy B.controversial 7.A.revise B.revisions

8.A.commentary B.commentator9.A.restrictive B.restrictions10.Task 2

10.A.heroicB.heroics

1.ethnic 2.corporate 3.tragic 4.athletic 5.underlie

6.stack 7.intrinsic 8.revenue 9.engrossed10.award

Task 3

1)revenues 2)receipts 3)economic 4)rewards 5)athletes 6)sponsor 7)spectators 8)maintain 9)availability10)stadiums11)anticipated12)publicity

Task 1 Unit Three

B Task2

1.B 2, D 1 A 4, C 5, A 6.B 7,C 8.A 9.10.C LA.discrete B.discreet C.discretion

2.A.auditors B.auditorium C.audit D.auditoryE.auditedA.conception B.contrivance C.contrive D.conceive

4.A.giggling B.gasped C.gargling D.gossip 5.A.affectionate B.passion C.affectionD.passionate

6.A.reluctant B.relentless C.relevant 7.A.reverence B.reverent C.revere

8.A.peeping/peep B.peered C.perceive D.poring

Task3

1)gain 2)similarities 3)diverse 4)enrich 5)perspective 6)discover 7)challenging 8)specific 9)adventure 10)enlightens)opportunities 12)memories 13)joyful 14)outweighs 15)span)

Task 1

Unit Four

1)uncomfortable 2)reading 3)immerse 4)deep 5)access 6)concentration 7)stopped 8)altered 9)change 10)different 11)decoders12)disengaged 13)variations 14)words 15)tighter

Task 2 Task 1

1.D 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.C

Step 1

l)i 2)f 3)a 4)b 5)h 6)j 7)c 8)e 9)d 10)g Step 2

1)fidgety2)crushing3)pithy4)foraging5)definitive , 6)propelled7)applauded8)ubiquity9)duly10)curtail

Task 2 1.above 2.on 3.to 4.on 5.on/about 6.to 7.with 8.at 9.Task 3

on/about10.in

1.may have a subtle effect on 2.provide free access toe-books 3.isinthe midst ofa sea change

4.has been onthe faculty ofHarvard University 5.a voracious book reader 6.you'll stay focused onit 7.the conduit for information

8.your check came asanabsolute godsend 9.lost the thread ofthe story 10.stroll through elegant prose

Task 1 Unit Five

1.A2.C3.D4.B5.C6.B7.C8.D9.A10.C11.B12D.13.D14Task2

.A15.B

1.sheer2.slip3desert4.revenge5.sheered6.level7.deserted8.skirted9.protested10.duplicates11.level12.revenge13.skirt14.protests15.slip16.duplicate

第四篇：研究生英语课后翻译总结

1单元：一种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。在信息空间，我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度——知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制度等。有些群体允许任何人加入，而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加入。能够自持的群体会兴旺发展（或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊，而发展成为几个分支）。有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣，或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来，它们将渐渐萎缩消亡。2单元：2一旦问题得到理解，情况自然有所改善。那些通常因丈夫不倾听或不谈论每天发生的事情而感到被遗弃、感到丧失生活乐趣的女性会高兴地发现，她们的丈夫一旦知道了不起眼的谈话在女性关系中的地位后，正努力地在适应。如果丈夫不适应，妻子仍然能够得到安慰，因为她知道，对男人来说，这不是不亲密的表现。当妻子接受了男女存在区别这一事实后，便会去找自己的朋友或家人说一说话。那些不能够给予妻子谈话快乐的丈夫，也不应该觉得妻子提出了无理要求。仍然会有一些夫妻决定离婚，但起码他们的决定是建立在比较现实的期望基础上的。3单元：2在形成的初期，地球上很可能没有我们今天称之为海洋和大气层之类的东西。4.在20亿到30亿年前期间，一部分地球表面的水在太阳能的作用下，形成了结构复杂的化合物，这些化合物灵活多变，足以形成我们称之为“生命”的东西。7.整个星球是一种由无机部分和各种各样的有机生命构成的生命形式(正如我们自己身体那样，既是由各种各样的有机部分构成，又是由骨骼中的无机晶体和血液中的无机水分所构成)。9同样，从全地球的规模考虑，砍掉一整片森林不会在总体上对地球生命构成威胁，但是这样做会对该地区的生态形式造成严重的影响，甚至会造成水的流失，因此引起地质结构的细微变化。11.如果排除外界的干扰，食肉动物和被吃动物都保持一个适当的数量，这样对双方都有好处。16目前世界人口的急剧增长率使人类可以被称为生态恶性肿瘤。这种恶性肿瘤肯定会摧毁生态环境，正如普通的癌细胞会摧毁人的肌体一样。4单元：英语屈从美语的速度不断加快。新词汇、新习语、甚至新发音都以无法抗拒的势力源源不断传入东方。从前我们常常借用很多英语词或短语，但现在很少这样做。但英语却吸纳我们创造的词，我们创造有多快，其吸纳的速度几乎就有多快。我认为，美国电影固然对这一变化起了很大作用，但毫无疑问，还有更深刻的原因。英语依然有点太严格、有点僵硬，且过于矫揉造作。而美语的发展却像伊丽莎白时代一样繁荣。所有那些在英国莎士比亚时代应用的构词方法，现在依然在美国应用着，新词源源不断地产生。如果莎翁健在，这些新词一定会使他欣喜若狂，就像他所生活的时代产生的新词曾使他欣喜若狂一样。5单元：1.其目的是弄清世界的运行机制，寻求其间可能存在的规律，洞察事物之间的联系——从构成一切物质的亚核粒子，到生物有机体，人类社会群体，以至整个宇宙。2.世界上每一文化群体都以这样或那样的方式提出过这些问题。所提供的答案几乎都带有“就这么回事”的性质，而试图做的解释总是脱离实验，甚至没有经过细心的比较观察。3.要透彻地领悟一件事物，哪怕是一桩小事——比如惠特曼所说的一片草叶，也会经历一种喜悦，这种喜悦，在整个世界的所有生灵中只有人类才能感受到。4.有时我们听到一些科学家发表的宣言，他们充满信心地宣称，每一件值得弄清的事物将很快会为大家所知，或者说有些已经众所周知。他们描绘的是狄奥尼修斯和波利尼西亚时代的图画，在这些画中，人们对知识探索的热情已经衰退，取而代之的是一种被征服的怠惰，成了饮用发酵椰子汁和其他一些温和迷幻剂的安逸度日者。8.如果我们可以缩小身体进入这个水晶的世界，我们可以看见一排排原子形成有序的点阵，呈一种有规律的交替结构——钠原子、氯原子、氯化钠原子，这些点阵结构详细地勾画出我们所站的这一层原子以及在我们头上、头下的所有原子层的示意图。6单元：2杰克正想入非非时，瞥见绿灯亮了，他只顾开动汽车，盯了一眼那些有固定工作的人，以示再见。当他扭过头来，面对前方时，已经晚了一秒钟。他猛地一下踩住刹车，调转方向，以避免撞上前面那辆车上小小的刹车红灯，但还是砰然一声撞上了。如果他动作再快一秒钟，也许只会离这辆车很近，不会撞上。而如果再晚一秒钟，他的车就会爬上这辆丰田车的行李箱。实际上，他好像没有把前面的车撞坏，而后面的车撞上了他车后部的保险杠，那一撞却严重多了。7单元：1.就在这同一天，我的车又坏了，电冰箱不制冷了；而且我还得知我的右后臼齿牙根管需要镶补。3.如果我们突然看到油漆又跃回旧楼房的墙面，我们准会感到有问题。如果我们看到一个鸡蛋自己拼凑在一起又跳回蛋壳，我们准会开怀大笑，就像看一组倒放的电影镜头那样。7.婚姻中很容易出现熵，当伴侣们过于忙于自己的事而忽视了弥补小小裂痕时，几乎可以肯定他们的婚姻要破裂。13.它朝背离冰箱方向运动的概率也是50％。但是如果数十亿个冷热空气分子混合在一起，那么所有冷空气分子朝冰箱方向运动，同时所有热空气分子背离冰箱运动的概率实际上是零。17.如果在厨房里只有十几个的空气分子，那么我等上一年左右，或许在某个时刻6个最冷的分子会聚集在冰箱里。但是，这一等式中的变量越多、参加这一游戏的角色越多，那么他们的路径井然有序地相互吻合的可能性就越小。

8单元：1.第一次浪潮涉及有形产品——硬件，它与构成软件的计算机程序相对而言。本世纪六七十年代，圣何塞和旧金山地带的圣克拉拉谷的一些公司为计算机生产出存储器硅芯片，于是便有了“硅谷”的名字。4.财富形成的第二次浪潮涉及软件——包括人们用于工作或娱乐的“应用”软件，就像文字处理程序或者计算机游戏之类，以及用于管理业务和计算机网络自身运行的“系统”软件。6但是无论是硬件革命还是软件革命，与现在因特网上所发生的情况相比，其财富创造的影响力都显得非常缓慢。短短数年之前，在日内瓦CERN研究中心工作的英国物理学家Tim BernersLee 发明了一种方案，用以连接与某一主题或一系列主题相关的数据，这些数据贮存在各地各种不同的计算机内。9.eBay网点的在线拍卖同样有利可图，因为它每拍卖一次都要向买卖双方收取一定的佣金。但是如今大多数国际互联网公司都承受着重大的短期损失，证券市场投资者通常认为这种损失会在商业计划里某个似乎永远不会到来的“第三年”中转为盈利。11尽管上述这些获利的基本模式最终将证明是站不住脚的，但到目前为之，它们却足以使很多人十分富有。实际上所有这些财富都是由技术公司股组成的，在今后10年中，其中的一些股份或大多数股份会逐渐散失。

第五篇：综合英语2 课后习题 答案

Unit1 1.2.1.I chose the car for its speed, comfort and, most important, for its reliability.2.A good teacher should help his / her students earnestly instead of pretentiously displaying how knowledgeable he / she is.3.Examinations are a nightmare to some students, for they could not apply themselves seriously to revision.4.The boy quarrelled bitterly with his girlfriend, and I am afraid they will end their relationship sooner or later.5.Why won't that telephone ring? He promised to call me and he would not disappoint me.6.She is a very sociable girl and is on good terms with her colleagues.7.Soon after the satellite was launched into space, it was lost to the scientists on the earth.8.Doctors tell us that a good-tempered person is less likely to get ulcers.3.我的父亲

—— 一位著名演员女儿的自述

我并不是真正了解我的父亲，与他相处不太容易。在我看来，他总以自我为中心，还有一点自负，在某种程度上难以接近。公众一定以为他很随和，但在家里，他总是拒人于千里之外。

在我小的时候，他很少在家，因为在我的记忆里关于他的事不多。他总有点游离家庭生活之外。工作总是位于第一，他总是离家去拍戏或排练。他喜欢别人索要他的亲笔签名，喜欢得到赏识。他获得过几项大奖，并引以为荣。他还被英国皇室授予爵位，为此我们不得不去白金汉宫领取勋章。授勋典礼简直无聊透顶。由于有数百人获此勋章，因此你就不得不在那儿等上好几个小时。不管谁来我家拜访，他都要向来访者炫耀那些奖章。

我上了公立学校，由于对功课毫无兴趣，再加上无故旷课，我被勒令退学。我本来就不愿去那儿上学，因为我不得不离开我所有的朋友。把我送进那所学校父亲一定很满意，可到头来纯粹是在浪费钱。我猜我一定让他失望至极。我试过几份工作，但总无法安下心来。后来，我意识到我真正想做的就是在乡下照料家畜，这正是我现在所做的工作。

作为一家人，我们不仅住的不近，在情感上也不那么亲近。这些天我们很少互相走动。父亲和我性格迥异，或者说是外貌相似而性情不同。乡村是我的乐趣所在，而父亲却对我所讨厌的书本，音乐，尤其是歌剧感兴趣。就算他们真的来看我，也是穿着极其“不合地宜”的衣服---貂皮大衣，漂亮小巧的皮鞋，根本不适合在田间远足。

对于我的婚姻，他极力反对，并一直希望我们分手。我想是因为杰拉德出身太卑微了。父亲一定是想让我和名人结合，但我没有，就这么回事。我和丈夫不想要小孩，可父亲却不停地唠叨说想要个外孙。但总不能因为你想要个外孙就让别人生小孩吧。

我从不看他演的电视节目，不怎么想看。何况他还常忘了告诉我播出的时间。4.1.她似乎与新同学相处不好。(get along with)2.我与玛丽失去联系多年，但昨天我与她在电话里联系上了。(out of touch, get in touch)3.那老兵喜欢对每一位来访者炫耀他的勋章。(show off)4.她丈夫似乎非常反对她出国。(opposed to)5.因为托马斯不安心工作，他的父母非常担忧。(settle down)6.我口袋里总装着各种各样的小东西。(bits and pieces)7.她母亲通过一些私人关系使她进入商界。(pull strings)8.我希望这些菜合你的胃口。(to somebody's liking)9.那些男孩太吵闹，我把他们骂了一顿。(tell off)

Unit2 1.2.retrace one's steps retire from rip from grope knock over resolve to do something in search for rise to one's feet bring oneself to do something mount on

1.The girl was crossing the street when she was hit by a car and fell to the ground.2.The police were determined to take action to save the hostages after the unsuccessful negotiations with the terrorists.3.Mr.Bennett could not make himself approve of his daughter's marriage.4.The visiting Prime Minister stood up to deliver his speech.5.It was getting dark and we went around the town to look for a missing child.6.When the violent wind swept the area, it tore the roof off the newly-built house.7.Since his assistant has taken over all the work, the old manager will soon stop doing his job.8.To provide clear information on the bus service, the tourism office has a city map put on a billboard.9.She lost her key somewhere on the way to the station, so she had to go back to look for it.10.As the light suddenly went out, the audience had to feel their way out of the theatre.3.叔公辞去牧师职务之谜

下面讲述的是一个有关我叔公的伤感而真实的故事。他是一个极好的、快活的、受人爱戴的人，身高超过6英尺4英寸，体重近300磅。他受过良好的教育，在20世纪初成为一个全职的牧师。尽管身躯庞大，但他温文尔雅，心地善良。叔公阿尔登 · 本特利唯一的缺点就是行动笨拙。年轻的时候，有一次，他去南卡罗林纳州的底谷给一个女教友布道。在落座时，一不留神把女主人椅子上的宠物狗 “叮吱” 给压死了。当女主人满屋子找狗时，阿尔登才意识到他臀部底下坐着的是什么。他手忙脚乱地把那条狗塞入大衣，尽管心虚害怕，但他始终没能鼓起勇气告诉那个女人真相。

五年后，他旧地重游，要在那位女教友家逗留一夜。叔公下定决心要一吐为快，告诉女主人的 “叮吱” 的死因。女主人刚刚为他准备了一个客房，并换上了崭新的窗帘。为了表示对他的欢迎，她还在他床边的桌子上摆上一大罐冰水和杯子，还有笔和墨水，以便他休息之前准备布道的文稿。

阿尔登叔公喜欢开着窗户睡觉，所以他半夜里起来开窗。在起床时，打翻了一杯东西，他以为是那杯水。他沿墙摸索想找到电灯开关，却怎么都找不到，只好又返回原路再找，如此反复几次，直到最后开了窗，他才回床安歇下来。第二天早上醒来睁眼一瞧，他惊呆了：两面墙上的新墙纸都沾上了黑乎乎的墨水印，雪白干净的窗帘上布满了他污黑庞大的手掌印，原来他夜里爬起来打翻的不是水杯，而是那瓶墨水。

阿尔登叔公惊恐万状。他知道，自己必须直面女主人了。他胡乱穿好衣服，飞奔下楼。由于走得太急，在楼梯口滑了一跤。叔公拼命想找个东西支撑平衡，情急之下一把逮住了最近的东西，恰好是个安在楼梯口墙上的漂亮的铜烛台。烛台被他一把从墙上硬拽下时还在咝咝地冒烟，即使“轰”的一声落在下面的楼梯平台上时，还被叔公死死地攥在手里。

“伤着您了吗？” 女主人叫着跑到他身边。

“还好，” 阿尔登叔公边说边挣扎着站了起来，“只是我弄乱了你的房间。” 边说他边飞快地向门外逃去，但到了尽头他停下来，回过头，怀着深深的敬意，对女主人说：“你的狗 „叮吱‟ 是像基督徒一样被埋葬的。”

此后，阿尔登叔公就辞去了牧师的职务，到麻省州的一个私立预备学校教哲学，一直教了很多年。

4.1.他决定立即着手这项复杂的工程。(resolve, work on)2.他们看见一位老人被对面驶来的汽车撞倒。(knock over)3.他在黑暗中摇摇晃晃，摸索着寻找电灯开关。(grope)4.病了3个月之后，他几乎站也站不稳了。(rise to one's feet)5.由于人手不足，无法按期完成任务。(a shortage of)6.在经济萧条期间，公司遭遇到财政困难。(run into)7.那盲女上了拥挤的公共汽车，乘客们给她让出了地方。(make room for)8.他终于抓住了悬崖上的岩石，止住了下滑。(hold on to)

Unit3 1.2.in the end set out out of reach be / get level with intend to do something run out of something roar with laughter slow up / down send somebody for something

1.Food production in this nation has increased in proportion to the population growth.2.My great-uncle planned to take up teaching in a private school when he resigned from the ministry.3.Early in the morning, the father got on his way to visit his daughter on a farm.4.To his disappointment, the boy found that he was too short to reach the bird nest up in the tree.5.My nephew always uses up his pocket money before the end of each month.6.At first, he refused to accept any suggestions but eventually he gave in.7.The driver got lost in the mountains.He had to drive slowly to look for road signs.8.In a slip of the tongue, the speaker said in his opening remarks “Good ladies, morning and gentlemen.” The audience laughed hilariously.9.The editor was not satisfied with the news story and asked the journalist to get more information.3.因错得救

那是一个阴霾的下午，杰瑞 · 克莱姆动身去猎浣熊。随他同行的有他的老牧羊狗和两只猎兔犬幼仔。至少他说它们是小猎兔犬。一个月以前，当杰瑞告诉他哥哥鲍勃说自己花了五美元买了那两只小狗时，鲍勃吼笑道：“你又犯傻了，杰瑞！”因而，鲍勃称呼两只幼仔为“错误1号”和“错误2号”。

杰瑞猎捕了好几个小时，一无所获，直到最后用尽了子弹，他不得不承认这两只幼仔无多大用处。临近傍晚，他在一棵山毛榉树高处发现了一只浣熊。这棵树四十英尺高，极古老，数年前就枯死了。树干顶部被风暴卷走了，树干本身由于腐烂和虫咬已毁损了。

然而，杰瑞还是爬上了树，想用手抓浣熊。但是他未能碰到这只动物。正当他到达残缺的树干的顶尖时，他踩的树枝在脚下不幸断裂了。他马上跳到树干的边缘，树干的边缘立刻被压断了。他一下子跌入了朽树的深洞里，事情发生的太突然了，杰瑞都没来得及叫一声。

他直摔下去，途中一根伸出的树枝挂住了他的衣服，悬空片刻，接着他又跌倒了。他颤抖地、茫然地爬起来，但奇怪的是没有受伤。

树洞里一片漆黑。他头顶上仅有圆盘大的灰蒙蒙的天空。脚下梨状小孔映出一小块淡淡的光。他可以听见两只幼仔朝着他叫，牧羊狗后退并且惊慌地叫着。

杰瑞害怕了。过了一段时间，他平静下来了，开始寻找出路。树干里没有东西可以抓着爬出去；他无法抓住帮助阻止他下跌的那根根株。他竭尽全力，却不能把脚下的那个孔踢大。求救也无用，当时他离家太远。最后他决定派狗去寻求帮助。“回家，牧羊狗，回家！”他喊道。牧羊狗尖叫一声。“回家！”他又喊了一声。牧羊狗转身飞快地跨过田野，但两只幼仔仍原地不动，用叫声鼓励着主人。

夜幕来临。暴风雨袭来。闪电在头顶上闪过，雨水浇入了树洞。树洞里的空间仅够杰瑞站着，他被雨淋透了。他曾担心自己是否会淹死在那儿。但是雨水从顶部流入的同时又从脚下的那个孔流了出去。杰瑞可以听到两只幼仔在外面呜咽。他们被暴雨吓坏了，但并没有离开。相反，它们更接近树了，用嘴穿过小孔去舔主人的脚以示安慰。

同时牧羊狗跑过田野到了克莱姆家。它猛烈地叫着，以便鲍勃跟着它返回。但是当他们到达牧羊狗回家时曾奋力跃过的那道篱笆旁时，这只狗太累了再也不能跳过去了。最后，仅靠那两只双眼充满悲伤的幼仔的叫声引导鲍勃到了那棵树前。

营救队伍花了15个小时用绳子把杰瑞从浸透了的囚笼里拖出来------这时杰瑞浑身湿透了，又饿又累。

他们把他拖上来后，杰瑞反复唠叨：“哎，天哪，我一直在想我会死在这儿，这是杰瑞的最后一次错误。但是幼仔没有放弃希望！牧羊狗去求助，幼仔自始至终陪着我！错误1号和错误2号---他们救了我的命。” 4．

1.母亲立刻派汤姆去叫医生。(send...for)

2.由于糖用完了，她没做成蛋糕。(run out of)

3.我知道您现在忙极了。(desperately)

4.汤姆说错了话，惹得全班学生哄堂大笑。(roar with)

5.针、剪刀这类东西必须放在小孩够不着的地方。(out of...reach)

6.战士站在烈日底下，被晒得大汗淋漓。(drench)7.他最后终于回到了他的祖国。(in the end)

Unit4

assign all in all come up have(no)knack for in the process an alternative to experiment with in sorry shape be(not)meant for

1.It is believed that news reporters have special skills at creating sensational stories.2.Auto-manufacturers suggest that solar energy could be used instead of petrol.3.Ernest Hemingway tried a new literary style even when he was a very young writer.4.My father enjoys publicity, and loves to be recognised and asked for his autograph.He likes to show off his awards to visitors.In general, he is a little bit vain.5.All the boys were directed to work on the farm.6.If our footballers fail to keep up vigorous training, they will be in a bad state during the World Cup qualifying competitions.7.A teacher is different from an actor in that he must be ready to handle any unexpected problems which might arise in the classroom.8.My great-uncle was groping along the wall in search for the light switch.As he did so, he knocked over a bottle of ink.9.I always prefer classical music.Pop music is not my cup of tea.3．

胶

我从报纸上看到空军正在试验一种新型胶，希望能将他们的几架飞机粘在一起。他们认为可以能够用胶代替机身上的铆钉，在生产过程中也许减轻机重和降低成本。我希望空军与胶打交道时能比我更幸运。

我们大多数人在用胶时所遇到的问题不能归咎于制胶商。这并不是他们的错。我们只是对胶要求过多罢了，无可否认，他们所展示的几张用一滴胶提起一头大象的图片，使我们过高地估计了胶的性能。用这种胶，我连一个盘子都粘不起来，他们却可以提起大象，连足球队员艾德 · 怀德都掰不开用这种胶粘起来的两片木块。

非常有趣的是，在生活中我们经常用胶粘东西。我一生用胶粘过许多东西，但大多数经历总是令人失望。我对胶的幻想早就破灭了。一个一年级的小孩告诉我，他妈妈说用面粉和水调成浆糊可以粘东西。对我而言，孩童时代，面粉和水的混合物从来没有有效过。

也许我没有掌握用胶的诀窍。很难想起当地五金店停止推行新型奇效粘合剂的时候。但在我看来，没有哪种胶真正有过奇效。

这则空军消息说，他们将物品的两面粘起后，置之于“一个250摄氏度、烤箱般的压力锅中一小时之久”。嗨，我只是碰巧没有用来加热的压力锅。也许这就是我粘的一半材料有分开的原因。

在办公室周围，我用水泥粘纸。这东西很好玩，而且粘稠度适宜则有效。问题是，大约一月左右我才用一次，放在坛子里它会变得很稠。我们有个一加仑罐装满了水泥稀释液，过了一年后，我用的稀释液比用的水泥还要多。

在地下室，我粘了许多木料。我曾尝试过用水调成的催化粉胶，也曾尝试过双组份环氧树脂胶、酪蛋白乳胶、胶泥、水胶以及新型超强力胶。胶和我简直不能相容。如果我夹起四条雌雄榫接合的支腿放进用榫接合的框架后用胶固定，就会发现一条腿比其他的三条短一英寸，因为在一个方向夹得太紧。胶顺腿流下，总而言之，我的工作一团糟。如果我在地下室中为空军粘飞机，国防部将非常遗憾。

当我修复破损的东西时，用胶的成功率很低。如果椅子的横档松了，你不得不把椅子拆开，在所有的横档孔里涂上胶，而后想方设法夹紧不平的两个面。

每当厨房里有破的瓷器珍品交给我去地下室修复时，我总将各部分对齐涂胶。由于无法用夹板夹住盘碟，所以我尽可能长时间地把它们拿在手里。当我一松劲儿，总会出现原来用胶粘在一起的两片不再对齐了。

我唯一能做的就是为空军部提供我最好的建议。我建议他们考虑别的方法，比如，带弹性的橡皮圈比胶强多了。我很少用带弹性的橡皮圈来解决棘手的问题。线或绳子可能是胶的替代品。空军部若是想用一滴液体提起一吨重的大象，我想他们会用胶水，但他们若想将东西连在一起，我推荐用胶水以外的其他东西。4．

1.我显然是高估了自己的方向感，下次我一定记着带地图。(overestimate)2.母亲对她那个自私不孝的儿子彻底失望了。(be disillusioned)3.她很不善于见什么人说什么话。(have no knack for)4.从一开始他就和足球结下了不解之缘。(be meant for)5.老板指派我在第一个月里做秘书工作。(assign)6.驾驶员违反交通规则，除了罚款之外，还有别的处罚办法吗？(alternative to)7.他老是笨手笨脚，因而常常遭人嘲笑。(subject to)

Unit5 1．

2．embark on variety of bits and pieces after all in question to the extent that collide with in contact with

1.The government hopes to gain enough support for the project under consideration.2.The rescue party set about the job of freeing the boy trapped in the hollow tree.3.The expedition travelling in outer-space has kept communicating with the scientists on the earth.4.I had had many different experiences with glue.But glue and I are simply not meant for each other.5.Dad and I differ completely and don't see much of each other.Despite all this, I still love him, for he is my father.6.With restrictive bindings applied to my knees, I was clumsy to such a degree that I could only hobble along.7.The carpenter could only find some small things to do in the basement.8.It often happens in many families that the value system of the older generation is in conflict with that of the younger generation.3.学一门语言

当我们谈到学习一门语言，诸如英语、日语或西班牙语时，我们讲并且认为正在谈论中的语言是固定不变的。我们期望象学几何或学骑车一样系统学习并且最后的成功明了可见。许多人发现这仅是一种误解时便放弃了。实际上，他们开始了一份可以持续终生的工作。这种经验使他们不仅意识到如果想要成功就不得不努力工作，而且意识到在很多情况下，他们连自己所谓的母语也算不上精通。

其实，学习任何语言就像是一次永无止境的航行。当今世界上使用的成千上万语言中的每一种语言都是一件复杂的事情。许多语言确实有一种标准形式-----特别是书面语---这就是我们要学习的，然而，它们也可能有各种各样的地区方言和社会文体，许多是历史进程中和其他语言融合的产物。英语就是这样一种混合语言。大约不到二千年前开始使用。首先是一种古德语形式，与一种特殊的古法语发生了冲突，其后又吸取了一些拉丁语和希腊语。自那以后又吸收了它的使用者所接触的其他所有语言的点点滴滴。

关于语言的第二种常见误解是单词意思固定清楚。这种想法---无论不幸还是有幸---是远远不正确的。举个十分简单和具体的英语单词“man”为例。似乎足够清楚，指的是“成年男子”。当然的确如此，但是考虑一下下列句子： 1）There are several men missing in that chess set.那副象棋缺了几颗棋子。

2）The boat was manned entirely by women and children.这艘船全由妇女和小孩掌舵。

你可能争论说这些句子有点不自然。是的，它们不是单词“man”的日常主要用法，而是其中心意义的合理延伸。尤其有趣的是在第二个句子中它作动词用而不是名词。这表明我们期望成年男子做水手，而不是妇女，当然更不是小孩。语言中的一些乐趣和天赋很可能是由这种单词的细微差别的误用而产生的。别忘了，如果你叫一个人“猫”或“卷心菜”，虽然你不是表达字面意思，但它们会被理解成许多意思。

关于语言的第三个误解是：每一种语言都被-----或者说应该被它的所有使用者在任何地方同样地使用和理解。当然，一般说来，使用英国英语标准形式的人都能理解其在美国英语中的对等词。英语这两种主要形式相似程度极大。这些国家的讲方言的人在互相理解对方时有严重的障碍，甚至到了怀疑他们是否真正使用同一语言的程度。一个来自纽约布鲁克林的人与来自伦敦的伦敦佬交流有困难，一位古板的英国上校不会和一个加利福尼亚的“花孩儿”谈笑风生。然而他们都属于20世纪世界英语的巨大群体中的成员。

4．1.那天晚上詹姆斯(James)和你一起吃晚饭了吗？(in question)2.教练对比赛的最终结果表示满意。(untimate)3.为了排除各国人民交往中的语言障碍，许多语言学家都在研究新的世界语。(embark on)4.合资企业的出现使我们有了更多接触外国人的机会。（contact with)5.妈妈嘱咐他收拾起桌上的零碎东西，把它们放进抽屉里。(bits and pieces)6.因为一句小小的玩笑，他们之间发生了一场争吵。(arise out of)7.照片不清楚，我认不出其中的女孩。(identify)8.如果有人说他自己能和鬼神交流，你会信吗？(claim)

Unit61、2、fall for might as well in bulk serve somebody right regard...as for the sake of provided that accuse somebody of all the same make a living out of

1.Though the couple could only make a marginal profit, they could depend on the small business for a living.2.In some supermarkets, goods can be made very cheap if they are bought in large quantities.3.Since you have to pass the exam, you had better do some revision.4.With many safety devices missing, my bike would have flunked an inspection.But, nevertheless, I could ride it very fast.5.Some women are the victims of the businessmen's trick that cosmetics can make them look younger and prettier.6.The boy was punished by the man because he often kicked down his mailbox.I think that he deserved the punishment.7.As long as water is found on Mars, humans can establish settlements there.8.The Customs officers charged the traveller with drug-trafficking.9.Automobiles are subjected to an annual inspection for the purpose of traffic safety.10.Many teenagers think of exams as a nightmare.3、甩卖

让我们给“甩卖”这个词下一个传统定义，即商家推出的物美价廉的产品，也是一次让人们以低于实际价值的价格买到商品的机会。而近来又有了这样的定义：甩卖是商家使用的从傻子与无头脑的人们口袋中骗取钱财的伎俩。

我从未参加过任何一家大型公司的董事会议，但可以肯定这样的会总是围绕以下事宜展开。以牙膏为例，生产一种新产品的成本费使得80便士为其合理价格，而我们将其市场价格定为1英镑20便士。这种牙膏不算很差（尽管不是很好，但也不坏），加之人们乐于尝试新事物的心理，因此起初它销量会很可观。但是新鲜的吸引力一过, 销量自会下跌，于是我们将价格降到1英镑15便士，还打着甩货的幌子贴出“买一盒牙膏省五便士”的海报，人们则争先恐后地抢购，尽管抢购价比合理价位高出大约43%。

有时不是省5便士，而只是省1便士而已。“只要您购买香皂、洗衣粉、狗食或其他商品均可享受1便士的优惠。” 这样的广告是一种让人难以忍受的屈辱。即使是最穷困的高龄养老金领取者也应当认为这是一种侮辱行为，然而却没有人这样想。甩货是不能错过的嘛！而这1便士的礼物就像你应邀去参加一场丰盛的晚宴却只提供一粒烹饪考究的豌豆。即使1便士真实地反映了产品的降价，可它仍然是一种侮辱。然而，人们会说，反正我们不能没有洗衣粉这样的东西，还是买那个能省1便士的好了。记得当我在匈牙利时，还是个孩子，有一个人就因为1 pengo（等值于1先令）而被指控谋杀，并且他认了罪。法官义愤填膺：“就为了1先令去杀人……你还要为自己辩护什么？”凶手答道：“这儿1先令……那儿1先令。”这也正是今天的商家所说：这儿1便士……那儿1便士。

随着那些完全没有必要的东西成了“便宜货”，真正的危机也如期而至。一大群人都无法抵制甩卖和降价的诱惑。只要他们在买甩卖品，他们就会买这辈子都不会穿的衣服，没有地方安置的家具。老太太会买溜冰鞋，不吸烟的人则买烟斗通条。我还听说一个人在甩卖时买了一个电动圆锯，结果第二天就割掉了两根手指，可他并不后悔：这个锯子真是很便宜啊！

事实上，很多人都相信买甩货是有利可图的。我认识一个楚楚动人，似乎心志很健全的女士，她常给我讲这样的故事：今天太走运了，只花120英镑就买到了一件原价400的连衣裙。那感觉好像是她赚了280英镑。我确信她也认为如果再多花点时间购物，就可以靠此谋生了。

由于商品的贱价出售，有人则大批量购买。我听说有一对夫妇忍不住购买了大量的糖，他们认为这是万万不能错过捡大便宜的好时机，于是买足了供他们一辈子用的糖，就连他们的孩子辈和子孙辈都够用了。可当糖运到家中时，他们意识到没有地方储存，直到发现卫生间还算宽敞，糖理所当然被堆在那里。每当他们往客人咖啡里加糖时，不仅客人总觉得古怪，而且连卫生间也变得粘粘糊糊的。

主动甩卖是一种商业诡计，使穷人变得更穷。如果那些贪婪的傻子上当受骗，那也是活该。无论如何，如果甩卖被依法禁止的话，我们的生活标准会立即上涨7.39个百分点。

4、1.毕业后，他先是做工程师，然后当了厂长。(to start with)

2.我想我还是接收他的邀请为好，因为你不能老是拒绝别人。(may as well)

3.为了安全起见，车上每个人都必须系上安全带。(for the sake of)4.把温度降到摄氏零度，水就会变成冰。(reduce to)5.他被指控犯盗窃罪。事实上，他是无辜的。(be accused of)6.除了女主角的表演有点过火外，这是一部优秀的影片。(otherwise)7.有时大人也会上小孩的当。(fall for)8.如果她和你分手，那是你活该，谁让你老对她撒谎呢？(serve somebody right)

Unit7 1．

2.be deprived of be frightened of be wrapped in in the wrong be unknown to get into a temper be up to to pieces have a...job to do...refuse to do...1.He didn't listen to his father's advice because he thought it was not practical.2.“We won't take the necessities of life from you.” I explained.3.The book had brown paper around it.4.She suddenly got very angry and left the room.5.The man, whose name I didn't know, came into the office and said he had an appointment.6.It was so difficult for us to find George yesterday.7.I'm sorry.I realise that it is my fault.8.Our annual steel production has reached 2 million tons now and is still rising.9.“Are you afraid of the dark?” I asked the little boy.10.In a rage the girl destroyed the new jacket with a pair of scissors.3．走出迷雾

我对于第一次世界大战的记忆是十分模糊的，因为1914年的时候我才一岁，所以那段日子很快就被忘记了。我记得我的父亲是皇家炮兵上尉，大多数时间都在前线冲锋陷阵，并获得了十字勋章。我和我的母亲、比我年长七岁的姐姐玛丽、小我两岁的弟弟约翰，还有我们的保姆住在贝斯沃德的小阁楼上。我们还偶尔去勃克沙尔度假。（后来我们才知道约翰的癫痫病已经病入膏肓，这象一团阴影笼罩了我们的生活，但当时我们是一无所知。）

不知对于我的这种情况在心理学上是否有解释，但我最清晰的战时记忆是半夜被弄醒。如果有空袭发生，我们小孩子就被弄醒来，裹在毯子里送到我的住在邻街公寓的祖父母的地下室里。这是一种躲避一战时那种空投弹的合理措施。我们小孩子是最喜欢那种激动人心的场面了。我还记得父亲常常没有预先通知就回家而把我们弄醒的情景。有一次，我们全住在乡下的一个小农舍里（这里后来成了我们经常度假的地方），父亲花了老大工夫来找我们。当时已是深夜，他已经到达了离我们七英里的瑞丁车站，他找不到任何交通工具，所以不得不一路步行走向通往我们村庄的乡间小路，而他对这条路也不熟悉。后来父亲告诉我们他在离我们住处两英里远的一个叫“日出”的小酒店叫醒女店主问路，结果女店主对于被吵醒非常地愤怒，不肯给父亲指路，把我们气死了。最后父亲终于找到了我们，我们热情地拥抱在一起。一战时许多村民都很安全，但他们把自己裹在自私的蚕茧里，但是在最后一场战争中人们拥有大部分相似的经历，因而人与人之间也变得宽宏大量，不再斤斤计较了。

五岁之前我记得的唯一的事情就是发脾气时把一条该死的灯笼裤剪成了碎片。那条灯笼裤是一条绿色的弹力裤，剪开后抽出亮亮的丝。但我为此付出的代价是相当恐怖的。我们家是不体罚孩子的，我们的惩罚就是“取消”，我被剥夺了那渴望已久的“圣诞童子会”。我更不能因为不小心打碎了杯子而不受惩罚，就连今天在情景喜剧中那种为搏一笑而打破瓷器的事情都让我战栗不已。我惧怕我的双亲。我出生得太早，没有享受斯博克医生所倡导的抚养小孩的方法，却赶上了维多利亚女王时期的那种父母亲永远是对的，小孩子总是错的哲学末班车。当时教育孩子最正当的目标就是没完没了的批评。这些使我在同伴面前非常害羞，而且当我是个孩子的时候，我没有一点我那幸运的孙子孙女们的社会优越感，除非能证明这一切恰好相反，否则他们认为成人应是他们的朋友。

4.1.我没按父亲的意思去学做生意，他非常生气。(cross)2.这些孩子虽然现在很调皮，但他们长大后会明白，做坏事是逃不了惩罚的。(with impunity)3.她请人把东西用一块蓝布包好，装进箱子。(have...wrapped)4.我下个月回家度假。(on leave)5.我们费了九牛二虎之力将门弄开。(have...job to do)6.他们不知道，其实她就在附近。(unknown)7.这个罪犯被剥夺了一切政治权利。(deprive)8.对不起,是我错了。(in the wrong)

Unit81、2、take one's toll warn of / about prefer...to...hinge on turn to cry out for fear of at one's own expense in conflict with 1.The problem of the ageing population is an urgent warning to society that certain products and services in future must meet the needs of the elderly.2.My father is a little vain and he loves publicity more than a quiet life at home.3.The girl is waiting for her boyfriend's call in such anxiety that it seems as if her fate depended totally on the ringing.4.Having failed to make a living out of the small business, he changed his occupation and began to work as a taxi driver.5.Years of political upheaval in this country were beginning to have a serious effect: the nation's economy was on the verge of bankruptcy.6.The explorer used his own money to travel across the great desert.7.His suggestion was novel to us.And it was completely the opposite of the conventional idea.8.Yes, you are free to choose whether to do cosmetic surgery or not.But I have to caution you against the dangers involved.9.I did not have enough courage to say what was on my mind, fearing this would start trouble.3、天赋为失败而献祭

我年轻时去过美国的阿巴拉契亚山，从那儿我了解到农民们都重男轻女。这主要是因为男孩子们更适合做繁重的农活。在当今的美国仅有3% 的人口从事农业，脑力劳动取代了体力劳动。然而，人们的文化偏见就像恶习，易立难破。但历史教训时刻警示着世人们不要随意否定那些所谓的性别上的弱者的能力，否则将会付出悲剧性的代价。

大约在150年以前，在英国的约克郡有个乡村牧师，他有三个聪明伶俐的女儿，然而他却把毕生的希望全都寄托在他惟一的儿子勃兰威尔身上。这个年轻人在艺术与文学方面有着非凡的天赋。

勃兰威尔的父亲和姐妹们拿出家里所有的积蓄把他送到英国皇家艺术学校深造，但是，如果把艺术作为他人生的目标的话，他显然选错了方向。短短几周不到，他迅速离开学校返回家中，失败得毫无价值。

家人对他依旧抱有很高的期望，他们为他找了份私人家教的工作，希望这能使他有足够自由发展的空间，提高写作技巧，最后获得他本应获得的成功和名誉。但又一次以失败告终。

多年来他无私的姐妹们一如既往地支持着他，为了支援她们债台高筑的兄弟，她们努力压抑自己的追求，劳累奔波, 做着老师和家庭女教师。她们深信总有一天兄弟的才华会为世人瞩目。然而她们的兄弟在经过一次又一次的失败打击后，开始酗酒，吸毒，自暴自弃，最终由于不得志抑郁而死。他的去世带走了家人深厚的期望，但那同样出类拔萃的三姐妹后来怎样了呢？

在勃兰威尔最后的几年里，三姐妹自费出版了一部诗集（用的是笔名，怕引起评论家的性别歧视），但只售出了两本。可能连勃兰威尔也暗地里嘲笑过此事。

然而她们并没有因此而灰心丧气，在闲暇时她们仍是不停地写，时常写到深夜。在微弱的烛光里不停地写，尽情地宣泄着被压抑的情感，写她们最能够体会的关于女人的东西----即女人的自然欲望与世俗的抵触与矛盾----都很现实，没有自传那么夸张、脱离实际。这三姐妹的作品：安的《艾格尼斯格雷》，爱米莉的《呼啸山庄》和夏洛特的《简爱》，在19世纪的文坛引起轩然大波。

长年累月为勃兰威尔劳累奔波终于使她们付出了代价，爱米丽在他兄弟的葬礼上病倒了，三个月后去世，死时才29岁；安在五个月后也去世了，年仅30岁；而夏洛特只活了39岁。要是她们也像她们的兄弟一样被呵护、培养，而不只是付出和牺牲的话，就不会出现这样的悲剧了。

没人记得勃兰威尔是谁，更别提他的文学艺术成就，然而他的姐妹们那悲惨而又短暂的一生留给后人的人生道理超过文学本身。她们的牺牲提醒我们在现代我们不能从体力和性别来估价孩子，因为那都只是表面肤浅的东西，我们要看中他们的诚实、坚强、专注和勇气—--男孩、女孩双方的精神世界是否丰富。

勃朗特培养了勃兰威尔，更重要的是他的三个女儿。要是今天他仍然活着的话，他一定会鼓励世人抛开腐朽观念，以免重蹈他的覆辙。像他那样孤注一掷造成了无可挽回的过失。

4、1.春天和秋天我都喜欢，但是我更喜欢春天。(prefer over)2.我相信电子汽车总有一天会取代汽油汽车。(supplant)3.他们提醒他攀登喜马拉雅山很危险，可他偏不听。(warn of)4.老师告诉学生，他们的前途取决于这次考试成绩。(hinge on)5.她获得了最佳演员奖，大家都觉得她当之无愧。(deserve)6.这个孩子每次碰到困难都去找妈妈，而不是自己想办法。(turn to)7.丈夫去世后，她一如既往地培养3个女儿。(nurture)8.现在人们学英语，似乎不是在学习一门有实用价值的语言，而是在学一种语法。(less...than...)