英语语篇型语法填空题解题指导

第一篇：英语语篇型语法填空题解题指导

英语语篇型语法填空题解题指导

[摘 要]语篇型语法填空题要求考生通读语篇，综合运用所掌握的词汇、语法等知识，填出能使语篇通顺、结构完整的单词或短语。解题的关键是语法知识要扎实，总的原则是一看语言结构，二看篇章关系。

[关键词]语篇型语法填空 命题特点 解题指导

[中图分类号] G633.41[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 16746058（2016）310061

语篇型语法填空题又称开放式语篇填空题，有短文体和对话体两种形式。其中，短文体选材多以记叙文为主。它的难度与高中课文材料相当，长度在200词左右，一般没有超出课标的单词，但会有课标单词的派生词。语法填空题的命题形式有“纯空格题”和“用括号中所给词的适当形式填空”（通常只有2―3个空白处给出参考词汇）两种。“纯空格题”主要考查冠词、介词、代词和连接词以及功能性副词等五类词；“用括号中所给词的适当形式填空”主要考查谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词性转换等。从该题型的形式上看，语法填空只给出空缺，没有选项，要求学生从全文出发，根据语境、行文逻辑和自己已有的语法与词汇知识来填空，体现“突出语篇”的命题风格，对学生的语言、知识提取以及运用能力提出了较高的要求。

语篇型语法填空题要求考生通读语篇，掌握语篇大意，综合运用所掌握的词汇、语法等知识，填出能使语篇通顺、结构完整的单词或短语，考查学生灵活运用所学语言知识的综合能力。因此，语篇型语法填空题与传统的完形填空题的解题思路和方法相差不大，要注意“瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，承上启下，前后照应”。解题的关键是语法知识要扎实，总的原则是一看语言结构，二看篇章关系。可以遵循如下的解题步骤。

一、阅读全文

阅读全文是解题的必要准备，只有读懂全文才有可能正确填写10个空白处。通读全文的目的是把握其大意，理清逻辑关系，为下一步填空做好语义上的准备。在通读全文的过程中，很有必要弄清篇章的话题、中心思想、段落层次及主题句等，这有利于读懂全文和在填空时进行必要的逻辑推理。

二、尝试填空

在基本把握文章大意之后，就可以着手尝试填空了。考生可采用下列方法。

1.根据上下文语境来确定答案。篇章的上下文之间常常存在并列、对比等关系，互相提示，所以根据上下文之间的关系就可以得出正确的信息。例如：

He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.Suddenly，he（find）that he had run out of salt.解析：根据上一句的过去进行时可知，文章讲述的是过去的事情，所以find的形式应为found。

2.依据句子结构分析来确定答案。句子结构是服务于语义内容表达的，因此，学生必须具备句子结构分析能力。如动词填空，首先应考虑句中是否已有谓语动词，如果有且有起连接作用的连词，则可考虑填谓语动词形式；如果有但没有起连接作用的连词，则可考虑填非谓语动词形式。例如：

He suddenly appeared in class one day，（wear）sun glasses.解析：句中的谓语动词是appeared，没有连词连接逗号后的内容，wear 的形式应为非谓语动词形式wearing。

3.依据词汇的搭配确定答案。形容词用来作定语修饰名词，副词用来作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词，冠词用来修饰名词，代词用来代替名词作主语、宾语等。另外，每年高考一定会考到一个固定搭配。固定搭配形式多样，但是根据文章的意义，只有一个答案是正确的。例如：

So Nick called to his son，“Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it： neither too much too little.”

解析：neither...nor...为固定短语，故填nor。

4.依据综合分析来确定答案。综合分析法就是在做题时，有时我们不能单一地使用某种方法，而要同时使用多种方法。例如：

It might have made it a little（hard）for everybody because it meant they had to turn around，but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.解析：根??语境来判断，这里要表达“对于每个人来说这可能更难一点”，a little正好可以修饰形容词的比较级，故填harder。

三、查读

填好所有空白处后，将整篇文章再读一遍。经过阅读填空，对篇章已经有了全面、理性的认识。查读有两个目的，一是看篇章填上答案后是否流畅、连贯，是否符合语境，逻辑是否合理，二是检查答案是否有语法上的错误，从而最大限度地避免错误，提高答案的准确率。

总之，要做好语篇型语法填空题，需要考生平时打下扎实的语法知识基础，培养语言运用能力和逻辑思维能力。教师应注重从以下几个方面引导学生进行训练：不断记忆，积累词汇；夯实基础，学好语法；大声朗读，培养语感；坚持不懈，多做练习。这样，考生在该题上取得好成绩就水到渠成了。

（责任编辑 周侯辰）

第二篇：2014年高考英语新题型——语篇型语法填空题(20篇)

高考新题型：语篇型语法填空题20篇

根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。

1.Hi, Jim, there is an interesting picture conveying a message vividly that a difference 1(between)reality and dream may as well be recognized in our life.Evidently, realizing this difference and trying to shorten this gap is the key to 2(achieve)our accomplishment 3(otherwise)nothing will be gotten in the end.In our daily life, some people are aware of their ability, making great efforts to improve themselves, 4(while)others ignore the disparity between their earnest wish and poorest actuality, doing nothing but complaining.Conceivably, the confused man in the picture is exactly the latter one.In this picture, a man 5(fish)on a big stone, waiting and waiting.6(However), the small fish he has caught is totally different from the big one he is longing for.Now, there are two options in front of him: face the reality and keep trying 7(till)get the dreamy fish, or drop his fishing rod and feel desperate.Apparently, he chooses the second one.Such a situation seems fairly common in our society.We 8(face)with this kind of intriguing

question all the time, and every choice we make has great influence on our way to 9(succeed).Making an

accurate estimate of our realities and dreams, then sparing no efforts to approach the tip is the only option for us to make, provided that we are in great want of achieving our goals.10(base)on the above statement, a conclusion will be arrived at that learning to accept the reality and adopting a positive attitude towards the dream is what we are supposed to do, when confronting our less-satisfying situation.How Learning Habits Influence On Learning Results.It’s useful and necessary to discuss learning habits.There is a famous saying “Good habits lead to good endings.”, 1 shows the importance of habits.“An apple a day keeps doctor away.”also shows how a healthy everyday habit helps to build up our body.2 , good learning habits can help us gain great learning results 3(include)high scores and abundant knowledge.At first, learning habits form our ways of thinking and attitudes 4 the content of our learning.Obviously, a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.5 we

can see, cultivating a good habit is so important __ 6 I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habits----keep a learning diary every day.We can start the

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habit by 7(write)learning summary and remember to In the English Reading Week, one of my classmates record something impressive and 8(mean).Keep it in recommended a quote to us, mind, and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and 1 goes like this;“Your future depends on many things, benefit from it.2 mostly on you.” I can't agree 3(much)with this What’s more, I find out that I still have some bad view.It's true that our future 4(determine)by many learning habits as well.I can 9 concentrate on reading things, such as opportunities and help from others, but our for a short time and I 10(conquer)this problem by own attitude, determination, 5 hard work play a more spending more effort on concentration practice.important role.In 6 words, we are the master of our own I believe that through my efforts, I can gain good future.learning results by having good habits.Take Abraham Lincoln, for example.He was born in a poor family, and only received a 7(limit)education in his

3.childhood.Yet through his painstaking efforts, he changed My deskmate admires my fluent English very much and I not only his own fate but also the history of America.8 to usually feel 1(encourage)by his compliments.this day.Lincoln(regard)as one of the most One day, 2 we learned the new word “eccentric” inspiring figures in the world.10 , I firmly believe that in class, we 3

(ask)to make a sentence with it.I our future is in our own hands.volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is an eccentric 5.boy 4 clothes never fit him.” Hearing this, the whole Dear Tom, class burst into 5(laugh)and my deskmate’s face How are you doing? You 1(ask)me in your last letter turned red.6 class, I learned from the teacher that my about my plan for the coming summer vacation.deskmate 7(drop)out of school if he hadn’t been I am sorry that I didn’t reply 2 _delay.How I wish helped by others.My mindless words must 8(hurt)him I 3(read)and reply your email as soon as I received it.deeply.4 , I was busy preparing for my final exam at that time, Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in 5 is vital for me.As a result, I had no choice but 6 9 positive and negative ways.We should avoid hurting(focus)on my study completely.I believe that if you 7 others if we can’t always 10(encourage)when we speak.(be)me, you would make the same choice。

4.2 / 8

By the way, I have a busy schedule for my summer vacation.contribution to the society, which is able to 9(rich)First and foremost, I would do a part time job, so that my my life.interpersonal skills 8(improve).(Additionally), I I 10(sincere)apologize again for my mistake.By will take a short trip to Beijing to take a summer course the way, what’s your plan to spend your summer vacation? in the New Oriental School.Last but not 9(little), I am looking forward to your reply.maybe I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching Yours assistant.sincerely, These are my plan for the summer vacation.What’s yours? 7.I am looking 10__to your earliest reply.To whom it may concern: I’ve learned that an art exhibition is 1(hold)and

6.that you’re collecting suggestions on its location.I’m Dear Tom, writing this letter to share with you my 2.How is everything going? I feel 1(terrible)sorry for In my opinion, it is 3(advisable)to hold the art missing the chance of answering your letter in time.You know, exhibition in Shanghai Museum than in community libraries.I 2(prepare)for the final exams these days, so I forgot My reasons are as 4(follow).to write back.In your letter, you asked me for my plans on On one hand, it is more convenient for people to get to summer vacation.Now, I 3(write)to tell you some Shanghai Museum which 5(locate)in the center of the city.specific details.And the museum is much more spacious than community 4 , three things will make my summer vacation libraries, 6 provides visitors 7 a more comfortable meaningful.To start 5 , doing a part-time job is my dream environment for appreciating art.and I intend to work as a salesman 6 not only can I earn On the other hand, as a well-known museum, Shanghai money by 7 , but also it will broaden my horizons.In Museum is more 8(profession)and experienced in holding 8(add), it is a fabulous choice to visit some famous scenic art exhibitions.Its professional security guards and spots such as Mount Tai during the vacation, in order to advanced facilities can better protect those famous enjoy appealing scenery and make more friends.What is more, paintings from 9(damage)or stolen.doing voluntary work, I think, will make a great Therefore, I suggest the exhibition 10(hold)in

the museum.3 / 8

Wang Min

8.Good afternoon, my dear friends.My name is Li Jin.I’m outgoing and get 1 well with my classmates and teachers.I am 2(skill)in organizing all kinds of activities.I’d like to run 3 the vice president of the English club in our school.I know as the vice president, I must do the 4(follow)things for the club: I will try to make 5 known to every student and more students 6(involve)in the activities organized by the club.Also, 7(improve)our English and get 8(many)students interested in English, I intend to organize some activities at school like lectures and English parties and Last Sunday, I went sightseeing with my friends in the inter-school 9 such as English debate competitions and

Fairy Lake Park.The park was full of freshness and beauty speech contests.I hope all of you 10(vote)for me.of spring, with the sun 1(shine)and birds singing.I Thank you.(enjoy)the fantastic scenery around 3 something

9.unpleasant caught my eye.A young 4 in a boat were.To many people , 1 the word “work” sounds unpleasant ,not necessarily because they are lazy.The same eating, talking and laughing loudly 5 if they were the man, 2 dislikes his job in the factory 3 even in the only people in the world.What's 6(bad), they spat and office ,may work hard at the weekend ,painting the house or

even threw rubbish into the lake, totally 7(ignore)the digging the garden.What is the reason ,then ？ 4 most cases ,it is because noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.What a shame!these people simply do not enjoy the job they are doing.It

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does not give them any real satisfaction.It may be quite easy ,like making up wooden boxes , 5 it is very boring.Very often they are doing a job which is just a small part of a much 6(large)one ,such as attaching a door handle to a car.But the part they play in actually making the car is so small that they can 7 say :I have made something!Yet in modern society somebody has to do ordinary jobs 8 as cleaning streets 9 this is the way society is organized ,No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect.Society cannot function a single day 10 the “dull and boring” jobs.10.burden.The picture convinces me it is even Such behavior left me deep 8 thought.If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did, the lake will(important)to be a good daughter.12.be severely polluted and soon(turn)into a huge

Good morning, everyone, dustbin.I think all of us should mind our behavior in public I am Li hua from Xingguang Middle School.The topic of

my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”.places.10 in this way can we live in more comfortable

As 1(know)to us all, the improvement of people’s living standards, cars 3(become)a popular and beautiful surroundings.means of transport, 4(bring)great convenience to our

life.5 , they have also caused some problems such as 11.air pollution and traffic jams.The burden of students 1(be)a hot topic for years，How can we solve the problems then? As far as I 6 but the load of parents has received

attention,(concern), bicycles is a good solution.For one thing, especially from their own children.bicycles don’t need any petrol and they are energy-saving.The picture shows us a touching moment 3 a little For ,bicycles are

(environment)friendly girl comes to greet her working mom.4(Realize)her mom because they won’t give off waste gas.What’s more, riding must be very tired after a day’s work, the girl helps to bicycles

is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial remove the bag from her shoulder.In response, the mom kneels to our health.down to show how happy and 5(thank)she feels., let’s take the 10(responsible)to build up All this reminds me of my mother who has been doing 6 a carbon city by riding bicycles.Come on and join us!she could to let me have the best.But, totally engaged in my own study, I 7 pay attention to what mother needs and hank you!feels, and always think studying well is the only thing I

could 8 return.Now I know I can do my bit to help with

13.the everyday washing, bedroom cleaning, or at 9(little)

When Sam first got to his boarding school with his prepare breakfast myself, so as to share mother’s daily parents, he was very happy.He thought he 1(be)able to

go home every weekend.When he 2(tell)he would not, he

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Tstarted crying 3 the thought of not seeing his parents was driving him crazy.He was given uniforms and all 4 things that he would need for the term.He started crying 5 it was time for his parents to leave.He was then taken to the dorm, 6 he saw other children happy.He tried as much as he 7 to fit in but could not because his mind was at home.He started feeling homesick and wanted to go home as soon as possible.He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food.He could not concentrate 8 the classroom.All he could think was being at home with his family.He had 9 mobile phone or other means to get in touch with his parents.He was angry and felt lonely.He thought his parents hated him and that was 10 they left him in a boarding school.14.The story is about Sam felt about his first boarding school life.2 a child, he never left his parents, so he didn’t get used to(deal)with everything in school independently.Once I had a similar experience.I finished my junior middle school in a boarding school.At the age of 13, I 4 dealt with the daily things, such as washing clothes, taking care of money etc, 5 I felt lonely because I hardly knew any people.At first, I could not get on well with my classmates and I always looked forward to 6(be)on

holiday to meet my parents.I could not concentrate on my subjects.As time went by, I gradually adapted 7(me)to the school life.I made several friends with our classmates and often took part in the activities, in which I improved my communicating skills.As I had a lot of

interesting things to do, I 8 enjoyed my school life.Now, 9 I think of my first boarding school life, I think 10 instructive and unforgettable.` 15.No body language can be more attractive/ fascinating than smiling.Not only can a beautiful smile make 1(us)happy, but also it enables others to feel 2(delight).3 a smile is so powerful that it gives people(suffer)from disasters great courage.A little boy 5(name)Lang Zheng, for instance, impressed and encouraged a great many people 6 a serious earthquake happened in Wen Chuan.Right after he(rescue)by the soldiers from the ruins, he saluted and smiled to them.His smile was like sunshine which warmed people who were in 8(sad).It is safe/ no exaggeration to say that without smile our life 9(be)colorless and difficult.It is suggested that we 10(smile)as much as possible.16.6 / 8

Jim, look at this picture!The man seems 1(look)is beginning to learn Chinese just like many other for water.He has dug several holes, but all of them 2 foreigners abroad, 10 I know it may be an enjoyable(leave)unfinished.reality, many people lack challenge for him.18.willpower and patience 4 doing something difficult.Last week, our class was 1 duty in the cafeteria for Just 5 the man in the picture, he didn’t dig any of them student self-management.On the first day, I 2(shock)further.If he 6(do)so, he would have got water.to see so much leftover food thrown away by students.What In my opinion, when we do something, we 7 have the a waste!Being concerned about it, my classmates and I had willpower to finish 8.We must firmly carry it 9 to a 3(heat)discussion on how 4(solve)the problem.the end if we want to get a fruitful result.A man who gives Lots of good ideas came up, such as holding class meetings，putting up wall newspapers and charging a fine for wasting up halfway will achieve 10.food.Finally, we all agreed that wall newspaper would be(good)choice.The next day, we put our idea into reality.Towards

17.lunch time, we put up a wall newspaper outside the school In recent years, learning Chinese 1(become)

cafeteria, 6(call)on students not to waste food.Many popular among people around the world.Last month, I 2

students gathered around to read and 7(express)their(receive)an email from my cousin Jack in Canada.He said

support.To my great delight, there were changes soon.In he was enthusiastic about Chinese, and asked me to find him

the cafeteria, I found the trays returned after lunch all some books 3(intend)for Chinese beginners.I was very

empty 8 any leftover.Food 9(save)and the dining pleased to do 4 a favor.So I went from one bookstore

hall was cleaner.Seeing this, I felt relieved and proud of to 5 , hoping to find something suitable for him.6 we had done.I selected a set of Chinese textbooks among a variety of

similar ones.Then I went to a post office to have them 7

(deliver)by air without delay.Several days later, I

received Jack’s email,(say)that he really

19.appreciated the books I 9(send).I’m very glad that Jack

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As you can see, the girl 1(is trying)to reach an apple at the top of the tree.It’s 2(so)high that she has to stand on a stack of stools and 3(may)fall any time.4(Down)at the lower part of the tree, there are many big apples 5(within)her reach.But she just ignores them.Isn’t it ridiculous? I think the picture tries to tell us that we should set a proper goal for ourselves.If we ignore the readily attainable goals and choose one 6(beyond)our reach, we may fall and end up with 7(nothing).In our daily life, there are many such “little girls”, 8(who)only aim at what is up high.Sometimes, they even take risks in getting the apple, the result of 9(which)is most probably only a fall.Actually, if we set a more realistic goal, not only 10 we get big apples, but also achieve confidence and happiness.8 / 8

第三篇：语篇型语法填空解题技巧

语篇型语法填空解题技巧

一、语篇型语法填空的形式

在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容，所填写词语不得超过三个。

二、语篇型语法填空的测试点

主要包括动词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、复合句、强调句、感叹句、倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句、定于从句的连接词和it的用法等。

三、语篇型语法填空的解题思路

考生在对题目进行作答之前，要先对题干进行详细阅读，检查题目中是否有提示词语存在；而后判断出所填词语在句子中所充当的句子成分，例如，主语、谓语等；最后根据其所充当的句子成分，加之其所处句子的语态等，选择词语的正确形式，例如，动词的现在分词或者过去分词，或者形容词的比较或者最高级的使用等。

在句子中没有提示词或者标志词存在时，考生要根据句子中所填词语的位置，判断所填词语的词性，例如，连接词、定冠词或者不定冠词、代词或者介词等。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前，起到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词则分为形容词性物主代词、名词性代词、指示代词和不定代词等。在运用介

词的时候，往往考查介词的固定搭配，其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。

语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大，考查范围相对较广，考生失分现象较为严重，但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目的命题特点和命题规律，掌握答题的技巧，在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习，熟练语法的运用，及时对经验进行总结，加强在语篇情境下的语法应用能力，在考试中就能提高语法填空题的准确率，取得较为理想的成绩。

四、语篇型语法填空例题 例

一、对话体

Mum:(putting on her coat)I am going to go down to the shop for more bread.Alan: Why?

Mum: I am not sure what 1(happen).I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2 I went to answer the phone.But someone must have taken them because they’re 3(go).Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad.I’m sure he was in the kitchen 4(early).Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished 5(make)them, so he couldn't have done it.6 , he

couldn’t carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so I’m sure 7 wasn’t him.Alan:(opening the fridge door)Well, it wasn’t me.But Mum, look!Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8 fridge?

Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness.I 9(put)them in there when the phone rang.Oh, dear.I really must be losing my 10.Now, why did I put on my coat? 答案：

1.happened 2.when 3.gone 4.earlier 5.making 6.Anyway 7.it 8.the 9.must have put 10.mind/memory 例

二、短文体

One of my father’s favorite 1(say)as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn't say I didn’t like something, 2 it might be, until after I tried it.Over the years I’ve come to realize how much of my success I owe to my 3(accept)of those words as one of my values.My first job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I determined what I wanted to do as a career(职业).4(actual)I believed I would work for a few years, get 5(marry), stay home and raise a family, so

I didn’t think the job I took mattered that much.I couldn’t 6 more mistaken.I mastered the skills of that 7(begin)level position and I was given the opportunity(机会)to move up through the company into 8(differ)positions.I accepted each new opportunity with the thought,“Well, I’ll try it;9 I don’t like it I can always go back to my 10(early)position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years.答案：

1.sayings 2.whatever 3.acceptance 4.Actually 5.married 6.have been 7.beginning 8.different 9.if 10.earlier

第四篇：语篇型语法填空题对高中英语教学的启示111

浅析语法填空题对我在英语教学中的启示

2016年我们安徽省高考使用全国卷，对于英语学科全国卷，2014年2月，国家考试中心公布的《考试说明》标志着新课标题型改革正式开始实施，持续了很长时间的单选填空题型也正式被语法填空的题型所取代，语法填空这一题型的设计有坚实的理论基础，语法填空的题型对学生学习英语有诸多益处。语法填空题旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语用知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。其“突出语篇，强调运用”的命题思路，不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则，也很好地体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念，与《课程标准》所提出的英语课程的性质完全吻合。因此，在我们高中英语教学中加强学生相应能力的培养，不仅符合《课程标准》的要求，也能够增强考生应对此新题型的能力，从而实现教考相互促进的良性循环。因此，我在实际教学过程中，努力做到以下几点，来更好地帮助学生提高这种新题型的答题能力。

首先，转变态度，改变中学英语学习中存在的过分强调语法规则而忽视其语用功能，过分重视接受性技能的学习而忽视产出性语言技能培养的现象。学生们要加强听、说、读、写综合能力的发展，多进行语言产出和交际的机会，将学习英语的关注点转移到语言的社会功能和实际运用上来。其次，加强对学生语篇逻辑分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养。可以通过精读教学、课外阅读、写作练习等方式，促进学生的语篇分析能力和对语言的理解力和控制力的发展。

再次，继续重视语言的准确性。语法和词汇知识是综合语言运用能力的基础，因此巩固对语言基本知识的掌握依然重要。但语法和词汇不是孤立的语言项目，语法和词汇知识的学习要和真实的交际场景和语篇运用紧密结合起来。

最后，进行恰当的适应性训练有助于增强学生应对此题型的能力。语篇型语法填空题取代单句型语言知识运用题之后，基于语篇的针对性练习势必比句子层次的语言知识练习更能满足学生的需求和测试的要求。

第五篇：如何有效地提高学生语法填空题的解题能力

如何有效地提高学生语法填空题的解题能力

摘要：认真学习语法知识，加强语言运用，夯实语言基础，形成扎实的语法基本功。引导学生理解语法填空题的命题特点，要求熟练掌握语法填空题常见的考点和具体的做题方法。形成正确的做题思维和强大的语感能力，只有进行反复训练，不断激发学习兴趣，增强信心，巩固所学，及时反馈，认真推敲体会，才能有效地提高解题综合能力。

关键词：语法填空；解题能力；有提示词；无提示词

中图分类号：G632.0 文献标?R码：A 文章编号：1992-7711（2017）03-0041

众所周知，学生在做语法填空题时，会出现各种各样的问题，难以得高分。做好这类题型，需要具备扎实的语法基本功，需要掌握语法填空题的命题特点和熟练运用解题方法，需要经过强化训练，才能有效地提高语法填空题的解题能力。

首先，要求学生认真学习语法知识，加强语言运用，夯实语言基础，形成扎实的语法基本功。

其次，引导学生理解语法填空题的命题特点。语法填空题要求阅读一篇200字左右的短文，根据句子语法结构和上下文的逻辑关系完成10小题，每小题1.5分。一般说来，根据句子语法结构确定词性变化，根据上下文的逻辑关系确定词类选用。题型设计分分为两类：1.写出括号中提示词的正确形式（一般不超过三个词）。2.在空格处填入一个适当的词。理解了语法填空题的命题特点，平时学习目标更加明确，学习语法更加认真，更加关注重要的单词、短语和句型，记住常见的前缀、后缀变化。

最后，要求学生熟练掌握语法填空题常见的考点和具体的做题方法。通过选自高考题和平时练习中经常出现的例句，归纳总结出常见的考点和具体的做题方法，让学生逐步学会如何做好语法填空，明确解题步骤和方法，进一步强化解题能力。浏览全文，抓住大意，先处理较容易的，后做难度大的，最后核查校对，确保语法正确，语意贯通，符合逻辑。通过学生的自主学习和训练，认真体会和掌握做题的方法，提高解题能力。

下面，我们共同探讨语法填空题中常见的考点和具体的做题方法：

一、有提示词

1.动词

（1）谓语动词，判断时态和语态

【2015全国卷2】...they warm up again for the night.This cycle（go）day after day.答案：goes 考查时态 根据上下文，用一般现在时。

（2）非谓语动词，判断过去分词，现在分词，不定式。

【2016全国卷3】People probably cooked their food in large pots，（use）twigs（树枝）to remove it.答案： using 考查非谓语动词，people和use是主动关系，用现在分词using。

2.名词

【2016全国卷1】The nursery team switches him every few

（day）with his sister

答案：days 考查名词，few后面接可数名词复数。

3.形容词

【2016全国卷2】If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify（识别）those of 1（great）and less importance.答案：greater 考查形容词，根据and less可知用比较级。

4.副词

【2016全国卷3】Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs（树枝）which（gradual）turned into chopsticks.答案：gradually 考查副词，副词修饰动词短语turned into。

5.词性转化

【2015全国卷2】In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings（土坯房）admirable is their（able）to “air condition” a house

答案：ability 考查词性转化，形容词able转变为名词ability。

二、无提示词

1.冠词

【2014全国卷1】Now，years later，this river is one of ___ most outstanding examples of environmental clean-up.答案： the 考查冠词，定冠词the用于形容词的最高级前。

2.代词

【2016全国卷1】I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been selected by mother.The nursery team switches him...答案：his考查代词，根据下文him指代小公熊猫，用形容词性物主代词his。

3.连词

【2014全国卷1】But the river wasn’t changed in a few days

even a few months.答案：or 考查连词，or表示选择关系。

4.介词

【2016全国卷3】Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat their hands.答案：with 考查介词，with+表示具体工具的名词。

真题演练

【2016全国卷1】Chengdu has dozens of new（上接第41页）millionaires，Asia’s biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top 1（attract）.So it was a great honor to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base，where pocket money helps pay for research.I 2（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre center.From tomorrow，I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 3（official）given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back 4 my days on the TV show in the mid―1980s，5 I was the first Western TV reporter 6（permit）to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include 7（introduce）British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been selected by 8 mother.The nursery team switches him every few 9（day）with his sister so that the one is being bottle-fed，10 other is with mum-she never suspects.答案：1.attraction 2.was allowed 3.officially 4.to 5.when 6.permitted 7.introducing 8.his 9.days 10.the

?之，在平时教学过程中，我们一定要积极地引导学生，只有不断夯实语言基础，加强语言运用，具备扎实的语法基本功；只有洞察命题特点，熟练掌握常见的考点和具体的做题方法，形成正确的做题思维和强大的语感能力；只有进行反复训练，不断激发学习兴趣、增强信心、巩固所学、及时反馈、认真推敲体会，才能有效地提高解题综合能力。

（作者单位：安徽省庐江裴岗中学 231500）