第一篇：从考研英语翻译真题特点看英语三大从句译法
从考研英语翻译真题特点看英语三大从句译法
从对近三年考研命题形式以及翻译试题的分析来看，考研翻译体裁固定，但内容广泛。主要涉及人们所普遍关心的社会、政治、经济、文化、科技、道德、历史、文化、哲学、心理等问题。从考查方向来看，更加注重考查考生的综合能力。从句型结构来看，相对复杂，词义灵活多变，尽管考查点比较灵活多变，但主要还是以长难句、结构复杂句为主，以考查学生根据上下文准确理解概念并用汉语正确予以表达的能力为主。
英语的三大从句是：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句。由于它们本身就是句子，放到大的句子中会让句子变得复杂，从而也增加了翻译的信息量和难度。由于此部分是考试的重点也是难点，杨老师将对这三大从句分别进行讲解。
（1）名词性从句的译法
名词性从句通常表达一种具体的概念，如“how things stand”实际上是表达“情况”这一概念，如果直译为“事物是如何站着的”就不准确，同时也违背了原意。所以通常采用概略法来翻译，使从句陈述的内容更明确化。
例：While we converse with what is above us, we do not grow old, but grow young.译文：与高于自己的思想进行交流，人不会变得年老，只会变得年轻。
（2）定语从句的译法
在翻译英语的定语从句特别是复杂的定语从句时，最基本的方法是把它从整个句子结构中解放出来，即把原文的定语从句从其修饰地位中分离出来，使其相对独立地叙述所要表达的信息。从结构上分，英语定语从句可以译为前置定语、并列分句、状语从句、独立句子等。在2007年的真题中有这样一个句子：
On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.译文：另一方面，法律以一种方式把这些观念同日常实际联系起来——这种方式类似于新闻记者在报道以及评论新闻时根据日常规则所形成的联系方式。
我们可以看出这个定语从句已从整个句子结构中脱离出来，并用破折号表明。
（3）状语从句的译法
英语的状语从句无论在结构外形上还是内涵表意上都与汉语的状语从句大致对等，这里只强调几个应该注意的问题：
①连词能省则省，只要能把意思说清楚，尽量不使用连词。
②如果条件或让步状语从句在整句中语气较弱，可以把主句译在前面，从句译在后面。
③状语从句的位置可以灵活变动，以便使译文更流畅。
另外，不常见的人名、地名可以保留原文。万一遇到不认识的词，最好忽略不译，切忌胡乱翻译。最后，祝大家学有所成，考研顺利！
第二篇：考研英语真题考研真相特点
考研英语真题考研真相特点
最新版 考研真相 第一本专为基础薄弱者编著的真题书，是一本不可多得的好书！具有以下四个特点：
一、词汇 分类注释
读不懂文章的第一个原因，首先是对词汇的认知程度达不到要求，即对词汇的掌握无论在数量上还是在深度上都不够。因此，本书通过对10年考研英语试题中词汇出现频率的数据统计及对英语水平一般的考生进行测试调查和抽样分析，最终确定了10年考研英语试题每篇文章中的重点词汇和难点词汇，并将其划分为：大纲词汇、超纲词汇和重点词组。对列出的“大纲词汇”，分别从国际音标、词性、词义、例句、同义、反义、派生和辨析等多个方面进行了解析，力求挖掘大纲词汇的深度；对“超纲词汇”和“重点词组”的注释侧重使考生加深了解和认识。为了使考生复习方便，我们特意将词汇注释部分另外印刷成册，这样考生既可以先掌握10年真题词汇，然后再做真题；亦可在做真题时便于查词，从而大大提高复习的效率。
二、难句 图文剖析
读不懂文章的另一个重要原因是文章中出现了“长难句”的缘故。“长难句”无疑是阅读理解和英译汉的“拦路虎”。长难句无非有两大特点：一是复杂的句子结构；二是句子中的词汇经常会出现一词多义和熟词僻义的现象。第一点重在考查考生对语法的掌握和运用能力；第二点则是考查考生对词汇掌握的深度。因此，本书分别从上述两个方面对“长难句”进行了图解和文字剖析，特别对英译汉部分的划线长难句更是不遗余力地从句子结构、翻译要点和词汇难点等几个方面进行了细致的分析。从而有效地帮助考生学习和攻克考研长难句。
三、答案 详细解析
对考生来讲，如何在读懂了句子和文章的的基础上快速、准确地答题呢？一方面，考生必须了解考研英语试题各部分（英语知识运用、阅读理解、写作）的出题形式、考核知识点、考核题型及评分标准；另一方面，考生必须熟练掌握各部分题型的解题思路、解题方法和解题技巧。本书在答案解析过程中，本着简洁明了、有理有据、分析现象、抓住本质的原则，对英语知识运用（完形填空）、阅读理解（A、B部分）分别从“答案及答对率”、“考核题型”及“选项判断分析”等方面进行了详解；对英译汉部分则给出了“考核知识点”、“翻译要点”、“词汇难点”和“评分样题”；对写作部分则突出了两点：一是使考生学会正确审题，二是使考生能够掌握应用文和一般性短文的写作方法，并且对重点句式和考研常用写作词汇也有所学习和掌握。
四、考点 分析点评
每一道考试的题目都是命题人有意设置的。通过这些题目，一方面是要起到考查考生的英语书面语言的能力和水平；而另一方面也是命题人在与考生“斗智斗勇”。因此，通过对每道题目的分析，搞清命题者的出题思路和命题方法，这无疑是找到了破解密码的钥匙。通过对“考点设计点评”，我们力求对考生找到“密钥”能有所帮助。
第三篇：从三大方看2015考研数学真题整体特点
从三大方看2013考研数学真题整体特点 2013-01-10 15:
42从试卷类型上来看：众所周知，2013年硕士研究生入学统一考试是有史以来最严的一年，多个省区采取了一题多卷存在于英语，政治，还有管理类联考的试卷中。数学由于咱们主要就是解答题部分，占的比重比较多，客观题也仅仅8个小题，所以数学卷子还是保持着往年的这样一个考试规则。
从考试内容上来看：我觉得就这个卷子的整体情况而言，尤其是今年这个卷子呈现出一个什么特点呢?可能对大家基本概念，性质定理考察比较多，去年考导数应用部分考的是不等式的证明，今年考的微分中值定理，另外还有一个突出的特点，微分方程和幂级数的结合，考了微分方程幂级数解法，这个特点比较显著，还有一个题的话数1第19题求曲面方程和形心坐标，这个题运算量相对来说是比较大的，所以说我感觉每年得分数线不会有太大的变化，这一点各位网友心中要有数，只要前期复习得到位，扎扎实实把基本功做到了，这个线不会对你产生太大的影响。
就我自己感觉而言，因为这个题运算量比较大，网友和考生做起来可能存在一定难度，可能会有一些浮动，浮动也就在2、3分范围内，分数线的话各位网友不要过于担心。
从复习方法上而言：老师传授给学生的仅仅是一些方法，比如说数学的方法，这个解题思路怎么样，数学题型怎么样，看到什么样的题套用什么样的解法，这是老师传授给学员比较多的一个方面，除此之外，老师给学生传达很有限的，最后在考场上的也是咱们学生本人，除了老师教给你的方法融会贯通，你要做到手勤和脑勤，手勤就是重在计算上了，也就是说老师教给你的方法，这个方法必须在自己复习过程当中不断加以运算实践。把这个运算熟练到位，那么这时候在考场上才能凸现出你的实力，你和其他考生可以拉开档次，毕竟数学考试是一个选拔性考试。针对这几年真题下来，我发现实际上很多考生都是输在了运算上，这一点的话我们在平时复习当中，这是完全可以避免的，也就是说只要下苦工夫，多在计算上下工夫，讲完以后看一下，过一下就过去了，这样是不行的。我每年跟学生讲要做到手勤，实际上把我话听进去学生占少数，每年考卷分析下来，好多学生输在了运算上。所以我希望今年在座各位网友把我的话听进去以后，明年考试就会有惊喜在里面。另外就是做到脑勤，也就是说我这个计算题目出来了，我一定要先想一想，多想一想这个题解题思路在哪，在手算之前，看一下有没有简单的方法，包括咱们辅导班上老师经常传授的一些数学解题思路，方法技巧，先想一下有没有这方面的思路，把自己解题思路拓宽下，这是做到脑勤，所以对于准备考研，或者准备考研数学复习的这一部分学生，我给他的建议就是平常复习当中做到手勤，脑勤。这样在考场上你会非常欣慰的。
第四篇：2018考研英语翻译：举例before和good具体译法
凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！
2018考研英语翻译：举例before和good
具体译法
(一)连词before的含义是“在??以前”(previous to the time when)。在句法上，它引导状语从句。可见它的词义颇为单纯，功能比较专一。然而，由于汉英表达习惯的不同，在将before汉译时，其译法却多种多样。常见的有以下几种：
1，直译成“(在)??(以或之)前”。这时主句与before从句中的两个动作按时间先后依次发生。
Before I enter on the subject I have something to say.在讨论这一问题之前，我有些话要说。
They led a miserable life before their hometown was liberated.他们家乡解放前生活很苦。
2，译成“(后)??才”。副词“才”在汉语中表示某事发生得晚或慢。如果在含有before从句的复合句中，强调从句动作发生得晚或慢时，就可以应用这种译法。这里又有两种情况，一种是主句主语为名词或代词，另一种是主语与非人称it。The train had left before he got to the station.火车开了他才到车站。
It seemed a long time before my turn came.似乎过了好大一会儿才轮到我。
3，连词before与barely, scarcely, hardly连用时还可译成“刚??就”。在汉语中，“就”强调事情发生得早或快。如果原文突出主句与从句的动作一前一后紧接着或几乎同时发生，即可用此译法。
We had barely sat down before we heard bicycles outside.我们刚坐下就听到外边有自行车的声音。
We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.我们刚离开学校天就下起雨来。
4，如果原文主句中谓语动词是否定形式则可译成“就”、“便”、或“快”。这又分主句主语为名(代)词和it两种情况。
I had not waited long before she came.我没等多久她就来了。
It was not long before he got to know it.不久他就知道了。
5，假使原文目的在于渲染从句动作发生之前，主句动作业已发生，可译成“未??就”或“还没有(来得及)??就”。
The day began to break before we got to the hilltop.我们还没有到达山顶天就开始亮了。
Before I could say a single word, he ran away.我连一句话也没来得及说他就跑了。
另外，像before he knew it一类习惯说法，则可译成“不??(就)”。The boy fell down from the ladder bvefore he knew it.那个男孩不知怎么一来就从梯子上摔了下来。
6，译为“趁(着)”，或用反说，译成“不然会”、“要不就”、“没”、“不”等。
Study hard before it is too late.趁早努力学习。
I'll do it now before I forget.趁着还没忘记，我现在就做。She arrived before I expected.凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！
我没料到她来的这么早。
7，某些习语中的连词before可译成“先??然后”、“先??再”或“而后”等。One must sow before one can reap.先有播种后有收获。Look before you leap.三思而后行。
有些习语中的before也可译成“未??先”。
Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.鸡蛋未孵，勿先数雏。
此外，连词before还作“与其??(宁愿)”(rather than)讲，通常可以为“宁可??也不(肯)”、“宁愿??决不”等。例如： We will die before we give in.我们宁死不屈。He would die before he lied.他宁死也不肯说谎。
以上罗列了连词before的几种常见的译法。英汉表达方式很不相同，具体译法，须根据具体情况而定。
(二)Good一词，在英语中该算是最熟悉、最常用的了。它的搭配能力很强，而且也常见于科技文章中。一看到good,我们便自然而然得会想到“好的”这一词义。然而，在一些场合，good的译法却是颇费踌躇的。
1，可译为“好的”，但概念模糊：如good fish(好鱼)，是指品种，大小还是新鲜程度呢?
2，勉强可译为“好的”，但不搭配：如Good fire若译为“很好的炉火”是可以理解的，但不如译为“旺盛的炉火”。
3，译成“好的”反而错了：如good hard work不是指“一项好的但却艰巨的工作”，而是指“一项十分艰巨的工作”。
为什么这样普通的词在翻译时却难处理呢?其原因有二：
凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！
4，a good river畅通的河道
5，good English规范的英语
6，Good switches move quickly.优质开关动作灵活。(good引申为“优质的”)
7，That engine sounds good.那台发动机听起来很正常。(good引申译为“正常”)
8，the rocket travels better through vacuum than it des through the air.火箭穿过真空比穿过空气容易。(good引申译为“容易”)
9，A good example of a case where electricity is changed to power is the electric streetcar.电变为动力的典型例子是电车。(good example引申译为“典型的例子”)
10，In the absence of an outdoor aerial this telescopic aerial will give a good picture if the transmitter signal is sufficiently strong.在无室外天线时，若发射机的信号很强，这种拉杆天线可产生清晰的图象(good picture引申译为“清晰的图象”)
11，Laser possesses a series of remarkable properties, which make it a better light source in a number of cases.激光有许多显著的特性，这些特性使它在许多情况下成为一种更理想的光源。(good引申译为“理想的”)
(2)、有益的
Milk is good food for children.牛奶对小孩是有益的。汉译时引申：
1，good gradient平缓的坡度
2，It is no good heating the material to such a temperature.把材料加热到这样的温度是不恰当的。(good引申为“恰当的”)
(3)、能胜任的;有能力的;能干的 汉译时引申：
1，a good chess player高明的棋手
2，A good human translator can do perhaps 2000 to 3000 words a day.一个熟练的翻译人员一天也许能翻译两千到三千个词。(good引申译为“熟练的”)
(4)、彻底的;完全的
The workers gave the machine a good checking.工人们对机器进行了彻底的检查。汉译时引申：
1，have a good drink喝个痛快
2，It has been thought of making good use of the sun"s energy to serve the well-being of the people.我们早就设想过充分利用太阳能来为自己造福。(good引申译为“充分”)
3，This set consumes so little power that a good 12 volt car battery can still start your car after you have been watching TV for 10 hours.本机耗电极少，因而具有12伏足电的汽车蓄电池在你看电视十小时后仍能用于开车。(good引申为“充足的”)
4，Rivers provide good sources of hydropower.河流具有丰富的水力资源。(good引申译为“丰富的”)
5，The CE circuit is widely favored since it can be designed for good voltage and current gains.CE电路得到广泛的使用，因为它能获得高电压增益和高电流增益。(good...gains引申译为“高??增益”)
(5)、可靠的;安全的;确实的
a car with good brakes刹车可靠的汽车 a good investment安全的投资汉译时引申： good debts确可偿还的债务
凯程教育：
凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！
凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；
凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里； 信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；
使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构； 激情：永不言弃，乐观向上；
敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；
服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。
如何选择考研辅导班：
在考研准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。
师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由
一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集，李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。
对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元，考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士10人，人大金融硕士15个，中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人，北师大教育学7人，会计硕士保录班考取30人，翻译硕士接近20人，中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研，他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。
建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久，积累的人脉资源更多。例如，凯程教育已经成立10年（2005年），一直以来专注于考研，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。
有没有实体学校校区：有些机构比较小，就是一个在写字楼里上课，自习，这种环境是不太
凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！
好的，一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境，大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区，有吃住学一体化教学环境，独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全，这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外，最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。
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第五篇：历年考研英语翻译真题2
2002年英译汉试题
(31)One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.(32)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.(33)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.(34)They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.(35)Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.2003年英译汉试题
(36)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.(37)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(38)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.(39)Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”
(40)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture," like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.2004年英译汉试题
(41)The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(42)We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.(43)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.1
(44)Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society.(45)Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.2005年英译汉试题
(46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed--and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(47)In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.(49)Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice
(50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”
2006年英译汉试题
(51)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底)way about moral problems.(52)His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.(53)I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.(54)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.(55)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.2007年英译汉试题
(56)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.(57)On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.(58)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.(59)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.(60)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.2008年英译汉试题
(61)he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.(62)He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.(63)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.(64)He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”
(65)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.2009年英译汉试题
(66)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience;but this effect is not a part of its original motive.(67)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.(68)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.(69)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.(70)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of education--that of direct tuition or schooling.2010年英译汉试题
(71)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.(72)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.(73)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species.(74)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such ,within reason.(75)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.2011年英译汉试题
(76)Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature
(77)while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”
(78)This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.(79)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.(80)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us;where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.46.yet, when onelooks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes onethat, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various otherfundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression。
【参考译文】然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然想到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求
47.A sacred placeof peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed toshelter, which is a distinctly animal need。
【参考译文】无论地方多么简陋不堪，寻求一片静谧圣土是人类特有的需求，而动物需要的仅是仅是避难栖息之地。
48.The gardens ofthe homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urbanenvironment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such。
【参考译文】无家可归者的乐园，实际上是一个毫无家气息的地方，给城市环境带来了一种新的形式。
无家可归者描绘的花园实质上是无所依附的，这些花园把一种形式引入城市环境中，而这样的城市环境中，形式要么根本不存在，要么就完全不是以这种明显的方式存在。
49.most of usgive in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychologicalconditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppressionvanish as if by magic。
【参考译文】我们大多数人会深陷于精神萎靡的状态，并常常将此归咎为一些心理原因，直到某天我们发现自己置身花园中，感到如魔法般烦闷尽消
50.It is thisimplicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of theword garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these syntheticconstructions。
【参考译文】正是对自然的这种或隐晦含蓄或清晰直白的提及，充分证实了用“花园”一词来描述这些虚拟建筑是合乎情理的，即使是从毫无拘泥的意义来讲的。
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