第一篇：英语句子结构知识讲义与练习
英语写作讲义与练习
英语句子结构知识讲义与练习
一． 词类
英语的词有实词与虚词两种。
实词都有实义，共有六类：
1）名词（noun），如book,water
2）代词(pronoun),如I ,you
3）形容词(adjective)，如beautiful,happy
4）数词(numeral)，如four,third
5）动词(verb)，如come,take
6）副词(adverb)，如there,today,carefully
虚词没有实义，共有四类：
1）冠词(article)，如a,an the
2）介词(preposition)，如in, at,on,of
3）连词(conjunction)，如and,or
4）感叹词(interjection)，如oh
二． 句子成分
一个句子一般皆由两部分组成，即主语部分和谓语部分。
如：I get up early every day.主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或从句担任，一般位于句首。
如：I respect his privacy.谓语：是说明主语的动作或状态的，常用动词担任，置于主语之后。
如：The sun rises in the east.宾语：是表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象的，常由名词或相当于名词的词担任，置于及物动词或介词之后。
如：She gave a roar of pain.定语：是限定或修饰名词或相当于名词的词的，常由形容词或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词常置于名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句常置于名词之后。
如：John had a great desire to travel.状语：是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的，常同副词或相当于副词的短语或从句担任。修饰动词时，可置于动词之前，亦可置于动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时，常置于它们之前。
如：She speaks English well.补语：是用来补充主语和宾语的意义的，一般都着重说明主语或宾语的特征，常由名词或形容词担任。
如：I consider the book expensive.表语：就是位于连系动词之后的主语补语。
如：I am a teacher.三． 句子
第1页
英语只有三种句子结构，即简单句、并列句和复合句
1）简单句，一个含有主语（或并列主语）和谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。Caroline came into the classroom and sat down.2）并列句，由等立连词把两个或两个以上的简单句（叫做分句）合成的句子。I came home early, but she remained to the end of the concert.3）复合句，由关联词把主句和一个或一个以上从句合成的句子。
He said that he would come in the evening.根据句子的目的或用途，句子又可分为：
1）陈述句用以陈述事实。The sun sets in the west.2）疑问句用以提出问题。Who is standing at the window?
3）祈使句用以表示请求、命令等。Open the window, please.4）感叹句用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。How handsome he is!
在英语里，句子的基本结构有下列五种：
一． 主+谓
I study in a middle school.He works.for ABC company.She will go there.1．自从改革开放以来我们家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化
Great changes have taken place in our hometown since the reform and opening-up.2．这场大火持续了约2小时。
The fire last about two hours.3．我在一家旅行社工作了两个月。
I worked in a travel agent for two months.4．我们约定在上午6：30校门口碰面。
We are to meet at the gate at 6:30 a.m.5．目前世界上只有几千只大熊猫。
Currently only several thousand of giant pandas exist in the world.6．本课程开课时间9月10日。
The course starts on September,10th.7．我的家乡位于长江之滨。
My hometown lies on the Changjiang River.8．他工作努力。
He studied hard.9．我将在今年七月份毕业。
I will graduate in July this year.二． 主+谓+宾
She can speak fluent English.My mother made a sweater specially for me.I dislike watching TV.I will consider the matter.1．为了提高英语口语我们将要举行高中英语演讲比赛
To improve our oral English we will hold the English Speech Compitition for senior students.2．一家美国公司想在我市建一个纸厂。
An American company wants to build a paper factory.3．我们可以在因特网上欣赏音乐、观看球类比赛、交友。
We can enjoy music, watch ball games and make friends on the internet.4．我每天用英语写日记。
I keep a diary in English every day.5．电视在日常生活中扮演着重要的作用。
TV plays an important role in our daily life.6．这可以提高工作效率、降低产品成本。
It can raise the work efficiency and reduce the cost of the products.7．节日期间，人们会拜访亲朋好友。
During the festival, people will call on their relatives and friends.8．我市有超过100万人口。
My city has a population of more than 1 million.9．如今人们过上了幸福的生活。
Nowadays people live a happy life.10． 大多数人都拥有了自己的房子。
The majority of people have a house of their own.11． 本公司已开发出了名为阳光牌的新型小轿车。
The company have developed a new kind of car with Sunshine as its brand.12． 放烟花能营造一种幸福吉祥的氛围。
Setting off fireworks can create an atmosphere of happiness and joy.13． 我获得全国大学生英语演讲比赛一等奖。
I won the the first prize in the national English Speech Compitition for college students.14． 我懂法语和日语。
I know French and Japanese.15． 我们可以通过手机发短信和上网。
We can send short messages and surf the internet through mobile phones.16． 他最近取得了很大的进步。
He has made great progress recently.17． 她在与他人沟通上方面感到有点困难。
She has some difficulty communicating with others.18． 我带领他们参观了一些名胜。
I showed them around some places of interest.19． 我们以米饭为主食。
We live on rice.20． 在他的帮助下，我的口语水平大提高了。
With his help, my oral English has improved a lot.21． 自从改革开放以来，我的家乡呈现出一派新的景象。
My hometown has taken on a new look since the reform and opening-up.22．
三． 主+谓+双宾
My father gave me a bike as a gift.She bought me a book.Mr.Wu teaches us English.1.他向我解释迟到的原因。
2.他经常发EMAIL给我。
3.他把书递给我。
四． 主+谓+宾+宾补
What he said made us happy.I find the book very interesting.I find it hard to learn English well.I consider her my younger sister.1．你能看到河上来来往往的船只，一片繁忙的景象。
You can find ships and boats coming and going busily on the river.2．他的医生建议他不要演出了。
His doctor advises him not to perform.五． 主+系+表
I am a student.The apple tastes nice.The food goes bad easily in Summer.My cousin becomes a teacher.1．春节是中国最重要的传统节日之一。
The Spring Festival is one of the most important festivals in China.2．大熊猫濒临灭绝。
Giant pandas are on the point of dying out.3．街道宽敞、干净，两旁绿树成荫。
The streets are wide and clean with green trees on both sides.4．晚上，灯火通明，格外漂亮。
At night, it looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.5．本产品很受顾客欢迎。
The products are popular with customers.6．欢迎所有高中学生参加本次比赛。
All the senior students are welcome to take part in the contest.7．并非所有人都赞成这个计划。
Not all the people are in favor of the plan.8．他成为第一个游过长江的中国人。
He is the first to swim across the Changjiang River.9．人们不再为食物而担忧。
People are no longer worried about food.10． 中餐往往含有丰富的纤维和少量的脂肪和糖。
The Chinese food is rich in fibre and low in fat and sugar.11． 如今的娄底与以前不一样了。
Nowadays Loudi is different from what it used to be.12． 学生对本课程很感兴趣。
Students are interested in the course.13． 尽管这些，优点还是多于缺点。
In spite of these, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.14． 桥长50米，宽10米。
The bridge is 50 meters long and 10 meters wide
15． 张家界因自然美景而出名，有深谷，奇峰，怪石。
Zhangjiajie is famous for natural beauty, with deep valleys, peculiar peaks and strange stones.复合句：
一． 定语从句
1．凡有意参赛者须在五月二十五号前到学生会办公室报名。
2．我认为首页的名人头像太大了，有点占空间。
3．我们学到了课堂上学不到的东西。
4．据报道，中国世界上拥有手机最多的国家。
5．大厅的右边是起居室，是休息，看电视，娱乐的地方。
6．四月和十月是到张家界旅游最的月份，这时温度20度左右，景色宜人。
二． 名词性从句
I． 主语从句
II． 宾语从句
1．有人认为我们应该提高保护环境的意识。
Some people think that we should increase the awareness of environmental protection.2．我们正在激烈地讨论中学生是否应该上网。
Now we’re having a head discussion about whether middle school students should surf the internet or not.3．我建议政府应采取措施解决这一问题。
4．III． 表语从句
IV． 同位语从句
三． 状语从句
I． 时间状语从句
II． 条件状语从句
III． 原因状语从句
IV． 让步状语从句
V． 目的状语从句
VI． 结果状语从句
1．我们建议应多组织学生外出旅游以便更多地了解校外的情况。
VII．
特殊句型：
一． There be 句型
1．出国留学有很多好处。
2．大厅的右边有一间电脑室和一间书房。
二． 强调句型
1.正是因为手机我们才能够随时随地联系。
2.三． It 句型
1．该是禁止放烟花的时候了。
It’s time that setting off fireworks should be forbidden.2．修建这座桥花了十八年。
It took us 18 years to build the bridge.3．我认为出国留学是明智的。
四． 非谓语动词
1．全家坐在一起吃团圆饭。
We sit together having a reunion dinner.2．晚餐后，他们会看电视到深夜，迎接新年的到来。
After supper, they will watch TV till into the night, greeting the coming of the new year.3．有些商贩在学校前面的街道上摆滩买食物及其它物品。
五． 过渡衔接词
六． 被动语态
1．本次比赛时间：六月九日下午四点钟。比赛地点：教学楼五楼大礼堂。
The contest will be held in the auditorium on the fifth floor in the teaching building at 4:00 p.m.June 9th.2．将为前五名颁奖。
The first five winner will be given prizes.3．观点不同。
Opinions are divided.4．机器人可以用来取代人做一些危险的重活。
5．上课时间是每周二下午3：00至5：00。
6．别墅配有现代设备。
第二篇：句子结构讲义
Lecture Two What is a loose sentence?
从修辞的角度来看，句子有松散句、圆周句和对偶句之分。松散句把主要意思放在次要意思之前，先说最重要的事情，因而读者在看到几个词后就知道这句话的主要内容了。
She decided to study English though she was interested in music.The Wangs must have gone away for the summer holidays, for we have not seen them for two or three weeks.松散句比较易懂，简单，自然和直接。
What is a periodic sentence?
再比较下面的句子：
Although she was interested in music, she finally decided to study English.观察上面的句子，可以知道：虽然意思表达和之前相同，主要意思都是她决定学英语。第一句中，主要意思放在句子的开头，在第二句则放在句子末尾。第一句的第一部分在结构上已经完整，而第二句的第一部分只是个状语从句，不加上第二句就不能成为一个句子。
把最重要的意思放在最后面或者靠后的位置上，并且句子的结构直到最后一个词时才完整。这样的句子叫做圆周句。例如：
It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.(Jane Austen)上面的句子明显是个圆周句（掉尾句）。因为它的结构和意思在最后一个词之前都不完整。圆周句的结构按照逐步推向高潮的递进顺序形成。圆周句比较复杂、正式和文雅。
What is a balanced sentence?
两个结构相似但意思相反的平行从句便是对偶句。
On hearing the new, he was angered, and I was saddened.The politician is concerned with successful elections, whereas the statesman is interested in the future of his people.In Plato’s opinion man was made for philosophy;in Bacon’s opinion philosophy was made for man.对偶句会给人留下深刻的印象，因为它含有相反的意思，而且因节奏和谐而悦耳。对偶句主要用于说明文，议论文及演说等正式文体中。
What is an effective sentence?
1.Completeness(完整)完整是好句子的第一要点。一个完整的句子表达单一的完整思想,意思必须紧密相关。
例1.（Faulty）Born in a small town in South China in the early 50s, he grew up to be a famous musician.(Revised)He was born in a small town in South China in the early 50s.In his childhood he liked to sing songs.Later he entered a conservatory.In the 70s he became a famous musician.例2.Faulty：Do Fu was one of the greatest poet.Revised: Du Fu was one of the greatest poets of the Tang Period.2.连贯(Coherence)
连贯是指句子各部分之间清楚而合理的联系。句子中的词语和部分应恰当地衔接，它们之间的关系应十分清楚。不连贯的句子通常有以下几种毛病： a.平行结构使用有误
例1． A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.Revised: A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.Revised: A man is judged not only by his words but also by his deeds.例2．We thought she was charming, intelligent, and a very capable young woman.Revised: We thought she was charming, intelligent, and very capable.Revised: We thought she was a charming, intelligent, and very capable young woman.例3． We have great faith and high hopes for her.Revised: We have great faith in and high hopes for her.b.代词指代不清楚
例1.She told my sister that she was wrong.例2.He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious.Revised：He was knocked down by a bicycle, but was not badly hurt.例3.I'm gonging to the lecture on modern Chinese drama, because he is a dramatist I like.c.修饰语和被修饰语之间的关系不明确
例1.Looking out of the window, the grassland stretches as far as the eye can reach.例2.On entering the classroom, the students stood up and said, “Good morning!” 例3.To get ready for the trip, all the things she needed were put into a suitcase.这些句子因为用了悬垂结构，句子缺少了连贯性，句子意思就让人费解。当然，也有一些固定的说法，如：to be frank, generally speaking, judging by…, speaking of…, just to name a few…
再看下面的一些句子：
例1.She put into her bag the picture books she had bought for her children.例2.She bought several pictures books and put them into her bag, which she intended to give to her children.Revised: She bought several picture books for her children and put them into her bag.例3.The idea he mentioned at first sounded good.例4.The idea he mentioned sounded good at first.Revised: The idea he first mentioned sounded good.例5.He gave a reason for not attending the meeting, which nobody believed.例6.He gave a reason for not attending the meeting, a reason which nobody believed.Revised: He gave a reason, which nobody believed, for not attending the meeting.d.人称、数、语气和语态上变动混乱
例1.An important thing for the student to remember is that when writing a paper, you should not plagiarize.例2.Those who wish to take Linguistics are expected to sign his name on this sheet of paper.例3.Students should learn to analyze and solve problems independently.Don’t rely on your teachers’ help.例4.She reviewed the lesson taught last week and all the exercises assigned by the teacher were done.以上句子前后不一致，变动混乱，写作时应该避免不必要的变动。3.简洁性（Conciseness)
句中不应有任何不必要的词。只要意思充分表达了，用词越少越好。用词过多只会意思模糊，而不是更清晰。人们常常用不必要的词，所以最好在写完一篇文章后，仔细检查一两遍，看看有没有一些可删去而又不影响意思表达。试比较： 例1.Wordy：It was blue in color.例2.It was small in size.例3.Mary is a quiet and careful woman.例4.He returned in the early part of the month of August.Concise:
1.It was blue.2.It was small.3.Mary is quiet and careful.4.He returned in the early August.请看下面的句子，想想如何更加简洁：
(1)He gave many reasons for the failure, but the reasons he gave were not convincing.(2)In my opinion, I think your plan is feasible.(3)This machine was jointly designed by the old engineer in collaboration with some of his younger colleagues.(4)There was a pine tree that stood like a giant on the top of the mountain.It towered over the trees around it.(5)Mr.Smith usually like to drink all kinds of wines that are produced in France.(6)Li Qing, who was a first-year student of the college, would go to a park near her school every day in the morning.She would bring a small recorder with her.In park she would find a quiet corner and listen to a tape of English stories.Revised:
(1)He gave many reasons for the failure, but none of them was convincing.(代词指代重复内
容使得句子更加简洁）
(2)In my opinion, your plan is feasible.I think your plan is feasible.(3)This machine was jointly designed by the old engineer and some of younger colleagues.This machine was designed by the old engineer in collaboration with some of his younger colleagues.(4)The pine tree on the top of the mountain stood like a giant and towered over the trees around it.The giant pine tree on the top of the mountain towered over the trees around it.On the top of the mountain was a giant tree which towered over the trees around it.(5)Mr.Smith prefers wines produced in France.Mr.Smith prefers French wine.(6)Every morning, Li Qing, a first-year student of the college, would go to a nearby park, bringing a small recorder with her.There she would listen to a tape of English stories in a quiet corner.小结：好的句子要做到完整，连贯，逻辑关系清晰，简洁，这四条是基本要求；当然除此以外，如果重点内容突出，句式多变，则更加锦上添花。这些都不是一朝一夕可以做到，需要大量练习。
Exercises 下列句子不够完整或不够连贯或不够简洁，请加以修改：(1 I read the novel on the train, which didn’t interest me at all.(2)A well-dressed man admitted us to the house, and we later learned that he was a thief.(3)I lost some important documents and found them three days later.The police had helped me.(4)Tell Helen, if she is at home, I will come to see her.(5)Listening attentively, a faulty sound was heard.(6）On entering the room, no one was seen.(7)Fred is energetic, capable and a man you can rely on.(8）My watch is either fast or yours is slow.(9)He nearly finished reading ten books during the vacation.(10)To tell my friend the good news the letter was posted at once.(11)I will go to the lecture, for I like his poems.(12)Dickens’ novels offer no solution to the social injustices he exposes in them.(13)There are more books in their library than in our library.(14)We planned to meet just before sunrise very early in the morning.(15)The cause of the flood was due to the heavy rain in late spring.(16)It seemed to his friends that his attitude was of a puzzling nature.(17)He did not tell the truth with an honest attitude.(18)Zhao was the person who was elected the representative of the class by the whole class.(19)What I am trying to say is that in my opinion he has not done his work very well and its needs improving.(20）You must first work out an outline for your paper, and then after you have done that, you need to collect all kinds of material to support your point of view.(21)This pretty actress keeps appearing in Tv serials repeatedly.(22)One reason why people are well informed in this country is because of the fact that there are many newspapers which can easily be bought or subscribed to.(23)There are about 50 patients or so in this ward, among whom many are being given acupuncture treatment.(24)Whatever he does, he works seriously with great care, and does his best so as to do it well.(25)She said that she would come if she could, but not to wait for her.练习题答案：
1.On the train I read the novel, which didn’t interest me at all.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.We later learned that the well-dressed man who admitted us to the house was a thief.The police helped me to find some important documents which I had lost three days before.Tell Helen that I will come to see her if she is at home.Listening attentively, I heard a faulty sound.I entered the room and saw no one.Fred is energetic, capable.You can rely on him.Either my watch is fast or yours is slow.He finished reading nearly/almost ten books during the vacation.To tell my friend the good news, I posted the letter at once.I will go to the lecture, for I like the speaker’s poems.Dickens’ novels offer no solution to the social injustices exposed in him.Their library has more books than ours.去掉very early 去掉the cause of To his friends his attitude was a puzzle.He did not tell the truth.The whole class elected Zhao their representative.I mean that he has not done his work well enough.去掉first, after you have done that 去掉repeatedly 去掉because of the fact , which can, be There are about 50 patients in this ward, and many are being given acupuncture treatment.去掉with great care, so as to do it well 后半句改为but we needn’t wait for her
第三篇：英语句子结构
英语句子结构
一、英语语句基本结构分析：
（一）主谓宾结构：
1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般
英语句子结构
在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！
eg: The boy comes from America.He made a speech.Tow and tow is four.To be a teacher is my dream.Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.2、谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词（vi.）没
有宾语，形成主谓结构，eg:We come.Many changes took place in my home town.注（以下这些词是不及物动词：表发生、出现的，如：take place, appear, happen, break out;表来、去，如：com
e, go 等）
3、宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外，名词，动名词，不定式等可以作宾语。
eg：I will do it tomorrow.The boy needs a pen.I like swimming.I like to swim this afternoon.（二）主系表结构：
1、主语：同‘主谓宾’结构。
2、谓语：联系动词（Link verb）：be动词（am,is,are,was,were,have been）；其他联系动词如：become成为，turn变
成，go变和感官动词如：feel, touch, hear, see等。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词
或副词，既，不可能是宾语。
3、表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。（1）当联系动词不是be，而其后是名词和代词时，多表达‘转变为’之意，注意与动宾关系的区别。
eg: He became a teacher at last.His face turned red.（2）感官动词多可用作联系动词
eg: He looks well.他面色好。
It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。
I feel good.我感觉好。
The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。
例：Tom is a boy.（Tom是个男孩）主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is，表语为a boy
（三）There be 结构：
There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’
试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。
二、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；
或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
（一）形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。
（二）数词作定语相当于形容词：
Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
（三）形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
（四）介词短语作定语：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。
（五）名词作定语：
The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语：
The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
不定式作定语：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
（六）分词（短语）作定语：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
（七）定语从句：
The boy who is reading needs a pen.那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔。
三、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等
状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须
在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动
词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教
室里的女孩‘（此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此时in the classroom为地
点状语），最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'
（一）副词（短语）作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）
（二）介词短语作状语：
In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）
Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前，汤姆总是一个男孩子。（条件状语）
On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.星期天，教室里没有学生。（时间状语）
（三）分词（短语）作状语：
He sits there,asking for a pen.他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）
Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）
（四）不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）
（五）名词作状语：
Come this way!走这条路！（方向状语）
（六）状语从句：
时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，目的状语从句，比较状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句
四、直接宾语和间接宾语：
（一）特殊的同源宾语现象： fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.（二）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
eg:Give me a cup of tea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。eg:Show this house to Mr.Smith.Mr.五、宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。
（一）名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士。
（二）名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松。
（三）名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作。
（四）名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户。
（五）名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running acrothe road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路。
六、同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：
We students should study hard.（students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）
We all are students.（all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）
七、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分（注意：区别于分词独立结构）。
感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes否定词no称呼语：称呼人的用语。插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如： The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信，这个故事还远没结束。
情态词，表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）：perhaps也许，maybe大概，acturely实际上，certainly当然，等。
八、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致！否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。
例：错句：Studying hard,your score will go up.正确：（1）Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或（2）If you study hard,your score will go up.解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score.显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分数）。正确句（1）更正了句子的主语，使其与分词逻辑主语一致（同为you）；正确句（2）则使用条件分句带出study的主语，（不过已经不是分词结构了）。
分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being…’的场合不能省略。
如：
Game（being）over,he went home.He stands there,book（being）in hand.独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如：
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.无事可做，他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）
第四篇：一年级句子结构练习
一年级句子结构练习
1、谁 干什么； ①往南 ②飞 ③燕子 ④一群 ⑤排队
仿写：
2、谁 在什么地方 干什么； ①做游戏 ②小朋友 ③在操场上
仿写：
3、谁 在怎么样的地方 干什么；①小马 ②池塘边 ③在 ④喝水 ⑤清清的 仿写：
4、谁 为 谁 干什么； ①为 ②买了 ③皮球 ④妈妈 ⑤一个 ⑥我仿写：
5、谁 带 谁 干什么； ①带 ②秋游 ③我们 ④老师 ⑤去
仿写：
6、谁和谁 在什么地方 干什么；①小兔 ②草地上 ③在 ④和 ⑤赛跑 ⑥小马
仿写：
7、什么地方有 什么；①美丽的 ②有 ③池塘 ④一朵 ⑤荷花 ⑥里 仿写：
8、什么地方有什么在干什么；①树林里 ②啄木鸟③在 ④为大树 ⑤有 ⑥治病 ⑦一只
仿写：
9、什么时候，谁 怎么样地 干什么；①秋天 ②一群 ③往南飞 ④小燕子 ⑤排着队 仿写：
第五篇：英语句子结构分析网站
英语句子结构分析
句子的划分
i.根据结构划分：①简单句:s+v（主+谓）s+link-v+p(主+谓+表)s+v+o（主+谓+宾）
s+v+o+o（主+谓+间宾+直宾）s+v+o+c（主+谓+宾+宾补）
②并列句 and, but, or等
③复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同）
副词从句（状语从句）
形容词从句（定语从句）ii.根据功能划分： 陈述句
疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反义疑问句，修辞疑问句）
祈使句
感叹句
一．五种句型
1.i am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。
chatting on the internet is interesting.我喜欢网上聊天。2.internet dating hurts.网恋有害。
3.i like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。
4.chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。5.we can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。
② 保持某种状态：continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay.③ 看起来，好像：appear, look, seem.④ 感官动词：feel, smell, sound, taste.ii.跟双宾语的动词
1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt.+ sth.+ to + sb.”
如:he lent some money to me.类似动词的还有：get,mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等
2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt.+ sth.+ for + sb.”。
如:mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购）,reach等。
3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后
如：richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西 give it to me。把它给我
4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.i asked john.我问约翰
i asked a question.我问了一个问题
i asked john a question.我问了约翰一个问题
5、suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to, 不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。could you explain your point of view to us? =could you explain to us your point of view? iii.复合宾语结构
1,verb（动词）＋object（宾语）＋to do sth his father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。2, verb（动词）＋object（宾语）＋doing sth my father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.3, verb（动词）＋object（宾语）＋done yesterday i had a picture taken with two americans.4, verb（动词）＋object（宾语）＋adj(形容词)you should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。5，verb（动词）＋object（宾语）＋prep(介词短语)my father kept me at home 6，verb（动词）＋object（宾语）＋n(名词)we made him our monitor.● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。● 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：
1)the boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。
2)i heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。
二,各种句子成分 1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象.students study.(学生学习。)we are friends.(我们是朋友)if you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。
the secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。
the painter painted a very nice picture.(画家画了一幅漂亮的画。)they fought against sars bravely.(他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。)to see is to believe.(耳听为虚眼见为实).helping animals is to help people.(帮助动物就是帮助人类。
eating too much is bad for your health.(=it is bad for your health eating too much.)(吃得太多对你的身体不利。)充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式.2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如：
students study.(学生学习。)we are friends.(我们是朋友)i have a dream.you don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。
he travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。)who teaches you english this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？)the pizza has gone bad.(那块烤馅饼已经变坏。)he can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel.(他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。)something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out.(该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂）
3）宾语：表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： they are teachers.(他们是老师。)i play with him.(我和他一起玩。)you don’t find opportunities„you make them.你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。
you probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。篇二：英语句子结构分析
摘要：文章是由句子有机组合而成的。单词好比语言的一个个零散的部件，只有组成了句子才有真正的意义。因此，读懂句子是读懂文章的基础，也是我们做对题目的关键。当然，读
懂句子需
文章是由句子有机组合而成的。单词好比语言的一个个零散的部件，只有组成了句子才有真正的意义。因此，读懂句子是读懂文章的基础，也是我们做对题目的关键。当然，读懂句子需要我们具备一定的语法知识，而语法又是让同学们感到最为头痛东西。但是我们要知道，在英语文章阅读中，语法归根结底是为我们读懂文章而服务的，只要能够掌握基本的语法规律，无障碍的读懂复杂的句子，语法的任务就圆满的完成了。那些挣扎并纠结在复杂语法中的同学们则是掉进了语法学习的误区。下面就来介绍句子的基本结构以及读懂句子的快
捷方法。
英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句，就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句，下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。
1、简单句
简单句，即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况，英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语)，有时候还有宾语；而且除了倒装句等特殊句型，一般情况下，主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的，不可能宾语跑到谓语前面，或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上，英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式：
主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语；i hate grammar.主语 + 谓语(不及物动词)； grammar sucks.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 grammar is hell.所以，我们在阅读句子的时候，不管句子有多长，不管是并列句还是复合句，都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语（或表语），有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中
英语句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干，句子的基本意思就清楚了。
2、并列句
并列句就是两个或以上的简单句，由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词：and, not only...but also, neither...nor...or, either...or...otherwise，but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子，一般情况下是以连词为界限，将句子分成前、后几个部分，并分别来分析，各句的意思一般可以单独理解，最后将各句合 并即可。
i hate grammar, / while he loves it.（以while为界，可分为前后两个小句子）摘要：
3、主从复合句 主从复合句即是复杂句，它也是由两个以上的句子构成。与并列不
同的是，各分句之间的意思是紧密相连的，所以我们不能简单地把各个句
3、主从复合句
主从复合句即是复杂句，它也是由两个以上的句子构成。与并列不同的是，各分句之间的意思是紧密相连的，所以我们不能简单地把各个句子拆开来看，而必须将各分句综合起来
进行理解。有时候，分句里面有可能还包含分句。
说到从句，我们还要介绍一下英语中的三大从句：名词性从句，形容词性从句和副词性
从句。三大从句之下又包括纷繁复杂的从句形式：
名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
形容词性从句（定语从句）：限制性，非限制性
副词性从句（状语从句）：时间，地点，原因，条件，目的，让步，方式，结果看到这里，可能有些同学又会产生抵触情绪了，其实这些细致的划分我们可以跳过，对于具体句子中的从句如何解决其实很简单，你只需知道从句做什么成分就可以了，从句做什
么成分，就是个什么功能的从句。
the sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone.（表语）
what the ugly man chooses is living alone.（主语）
we all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.（宾语）
the thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone.（同位语）
the ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.（定语）
although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.（状语）在阅读这样的复杂句的时候，首先要找出主句或从句从哪儿开始，到哪儿结束，首先理
解主句的意思，最后再把从句的内容与主句综合起来。
介绍完句子结构，就该说说复杂句子的解决方法了，那就是优先提取主干法。这种方法顾名思义就是先把句子的主干提取，因为主干是句子的精髓所在，然后再看其他补充或修饰的成分。
one of the results of the conflict between the two factions was 【that [ what in previous years had been referred to as the american, native, or, occasionally, new york school(---the most representative school of american art in any gee---)主语从句](had by 1890)was firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the hudson river school.表语从句】
首先找到句子主干成分：one of the results was...很明显的主系表结构，that 引导的显然是个表语从句，表语从句中又有一个由what引导的主语从句，主干结构是...was firmly established.最后再加上修饰成分，句子就很容易分析了，也可以轻而易举的翻译并理解了：两个派别斗争的结果之一是：直到1890年，这个曾经被称作美国的、本土的、或者偶尔被称作是纽约的美国艺术题材中最有代表性的学派，以哈德逊河学派命名
被稳固的建立在批评家和公众的思想之中了。
优先提取主干是一个很有效地方法，如果我们具备了基本的句子结构知识，了解了句子的成分构成，先提取主干，抓住句子精髓，再看从句和其他部分，理清各个部分之间的关系，任何复杂的句子也就迎刃而解了。
以下是两个有趣的句子,你能分析其句子成分并理解其大意吗?1.i saw a saw saw a saw.2.i don’t think that that thatthat that student pronounced iscorrect.分析与理解:1.i saw a saw saw a saw.(saw n.v.锯)分析:i是主语,第一个saw是see的过去式,作谓语;第二个saw是名词
英语句子结构分析
教学重点：
1：掌握五种基本句型
2：了解除be以外的其他四种系动词。
3：了解接to和for的双宾语的动词有哪些。4：能够区分双宾语和复合宾语得区别。
英语句子结构分析
句子的划分
i.根据结构划分：①简单句 s+v（主+谓）s+v+p(主+谓+表)s+v+o（主+谓+宾）
s+v+o+o（主+谓+间宾+直宾）s+v+o+c（主+谓+宾+宾补）
②并列句 and, but, or ③复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同）
副词从句（状语从句）
形容词从句（定语从句）ii.根据功能划分： 陈述句
疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反义疑问句，修辞疑问句）
祈使句
感叹句
iii.根据句子成分：单个词汇
短语
从句
一．陈述句（五种句型）
1.i am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。
chatting on the internet is interesting.我喜欢网上聊天。2.internet dating hurts.网恋有害。
3.i like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。
4.chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。5.we can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。口诀解读：
go 一般表示事物由好变坏，结果是不好的。
如：its such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.今天太热了，菜都馊了。
grow 表示逐渐变化，强调的是缓慢变化的过程，后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。
如：i want to grow old with you.我想和你一起慢慢变老。run 与grow 是对应的，其主语多为能流动，能消耗的东西。
如：still water runs deep.静水深流。turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词，侧重于表达与之前大不相同。
如：the weather suddenly turned hot.天气突然变热了。in spring the trees turn green, the flowers
一、简单句句子成分 01 主语 谓语主谓 状语主谓 地点状语
主语：动作的执行者，名词、代词、-ing形式、不定式to do等可以作主语。
谓语：表示动作，由动词担任。英语句子不同时态、语态形式都在谓语部分体现。
状语：修饰谓语，由副词或其它结构担任，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、原因、目的、条件等。02主谓宾语主谓 间宾 直宾时间状语
宾语：动作的对象，名词、代词、-ing形式、不定式to do等可以作宾语。有的动词如bring、give、buy、offer等可以带两个宾语，一个指人（间接宾语），另个指物（直接宾语）。
注意：只有及物动词（vt.）才能直接带宾语，不及物动词（vi.）后面不能直接跟宾语。03定语 主 谓 间宾 定语 直宾时间状语
定语：放在（主语或宾语）名词前修饰名词，由形容词或其它结构担任。(祈使句，省略主语you)谓 间宾 直宾 定语（后置）04 主 系动词表语（“系动词+表语”构成“系表结构”，作谓语）05 主 系动词表语 主 系表 主系 表
注意：以上动词若表示其它含义，就不是系动词，而是行为动词，后面就不能带形容词作表语。注意下面两句中look的不同含义：
定 主 谓宾 状语（副词）定 主 系 表（形容词）主 定语（后置）谓语（被动语态）原因状语
主 谓 宾目的状语主 系 表 结果状语 主谓 宾宾补 方式状语
宾补：宾语补足语，补充说明宾语。09主（形式）真正主语
注意：当句子主语结构太长时，往往用it放在谓语前面充当形式主语，而真正主语放在句尾，以保持句子的平衡。注意：there be 句型的主语在be动词后面。
主语
how wonderfully ∣ how beautiful ∣ how + adv.∣ 主 谓 how + adj.∣ 主 系
what an intelligent girl ∣ what important advice ∣ what + a/an+ adj.+n.∣ 主 系 what + n∣ 主 谓
注意：感叹句的句子结构1）how感叹句：how + adv.(adj.)+主谓?!2)what感叹句：what +（a/an）+ adj.+n.+主谓?！注意反义疑问句结构：陈述部分+反问？
二、复合句句子结构（主句、从句）主 谓 间宾宾语从句（引导词that）宾语从句（引导词whether/if是否）宾语从句（引导词what什么）注意：该句中could表示客气语气，不是过去时。
宾语从句（引导词whose谁的）i don’宾语从句（引导词how怎样）宾语从句（引导词what什么）
let’.→ let’.宾语从句（引导词when and where）不定式短语作宾语
注意：宾语从句在句中作宾语；引导词有that、whether/if（是否）、what、where、when、how等疑问词；1）宾语从句中用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）；2）如果主句是过去时，从句用相应的过去的时态（一般现在→一般过去，现在进行→过去进行，一般将来→过去将来，现在完成→过去完成，一般过去→过去完成）；但是如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，从句仍用一般现在时；3）疑问词引导的宾语从句常常可以转换成“疑问词+to do”结构。（主将从现）
条件状语从句，引导词if（如果）21 he won’unless = if not 条件状语从句，引导词unless（除非，如果不）
注意：条件状语从句中不能用将来时，若要表示将来的动作，必须用一般现在时代替。时间状语从句，引导词as soon as（一??就）时间状语从句，引导词when（当??的时候）24 the workers didn’时间状语从句，引导词until（直到??）
注意：时间状语从句中不能用将来时，若要表示将来的动作，必须用一般现在时代替。
提醒：注意主句、从句时态搭配。时间状语从句，引导词since（直从??以来）26 i didn’
原因状语从句，引导词because（因为）原因状语从句，引导词now that（既然）让步状语从句，引导词although（虽然，尽管）让步状语从句，引导词though（虽然，尽管）结果状语从句，引导词so„that（如此„„以至于）目的状语从句，引导词so that„（为了）比较状语从句，引导词as„ as„（和„一样）比较状语从句，引导词than（更）
三、并列句 并列句，连接词and，表示“和”
and连接的两个并列句子，时态往往一致 并列句，连接词but，表示“但是” 36 the doctor felt very tired, but he still went on working.该句可以换种方式表达although 并列句，连接词or，表示“否则”
注意：该句可以换种方式表达if 并列句，连接词so，表示“因此，所以”
注意：该句可以换种方式表达because
四、反义疑问句
the old man can hardly read or write.（改为反意疑问句）the old man can hardly read or write, ______ ______? 40 there is no important information in the newspaper.（改为反意疑问句）there is no important information in the newspaper, ______ ______? 41 he failed to swim across the river in ten minutes.（改为反意疑问句）he failed to swim across the river in ten minutes, ______ ______? 42 mike’s already got much information about the suspect.（改为反意疑问句）mike’s already got much information about the suspect, ______ ______? 注意：反义疑问句的反问部分由“助动词+人称代词主格”组成，若陈述部分是肯定句，反问部分就用否定，即：“肯定-否定式”；若陈述部分是否定，反问部分就用肯定，即“否定-肯定式”。但应注意除not、no表示否定外，还有never、hardly、rarely、seldom、few、little都表示否定。
点击咨询 