第一篇：现代大学英语6 修辞总结
高英II 修辞总结
Unit 1 : 1.Satire:
1)This is associated with the names of David Ricardo, a stockbroker, and Thomas Robert Maltus, a divine.2)Murray is the voice of Spencer our time;he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles.2.Irony:
1)This is, in some ways, an admirable solution.2)Couples in love should repair to R.H.Macy’s, not their bedrooms 3)```Social Darwinism came to be considered a bit too cruel.4)It has again become a major philosophical, literary, and rhetorical
preoccupation, and an economically not unrewarding enterprise.5)In the enduring words of Professor Milton Friedman, people must
be “free to choose”.6)All, save perhaps the last, are great inventive descent form
Bentham, Malthus, and Spencer.3.Critical attitude: The only form of discrimination that is still permissinle```is discrimination against people who work for the federal government, especially on social welfare activities.Unit 2: 1.Simile:
1)Its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons constantly unrolling, and the trees held thick sprays of wild orchids.2)The burly arms of the oaks were huge with ferns and blooming bromeliads.3)The native whites feared him as you would a rattlesnake, but``` 2.Foreshadowing: I heard that countless human skeletons were left bare in his bayouonce when a hurricane blew the water out.3.Suggestion: He had secluded himself in this remote area of the Everglades because he was not welcome elsewhere;from time to time he was halfheartedly sought for trial,```
4.Understatement: There was the little shack, not the most gracious of living quarters, and there was a murderer for our nearest and only neighbor, about thirty miles away.5.Quotation :(a legend): But these marks o wild country called to my father like the legendary siren song.6.Comparison: 1)King Richard in his gluttony never sat at a table more sumptuous than ours was three times a day.2)With the weight of this new stillness on it, this seal.Unit 3:
1.Allusion: Like Creation, the portending global events are cosmic: They
change the relationship between the planet Earth and its star, the sun.2.Metaphor: 1)It is not so much a battle cry for one side or the other,as a design for negotiating and end to suicidal war—for making peace with the planet.2)How all my town territory would be altered, as if a
landslide had gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike.3.Pun: But unlike the conventional marketplace, which deals in
goods—things that serve a useful purpose—this scheme creates a marketplace in “bads”—things that are not only useless but often deadly.Unit 4:
1.Personification: Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and a
presence—the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby.3.Alliteration: She did not ask me—was it delicacy or disapproval? 4.(通感)：
1)All afternoon while the men were gone I was full of happy
energy.(happy 实际上是用来修饰“我”)
4.Parallel structure: Against the belief in the all-encompassing power of singleexplanation, against```, against```(unit 5)
Unit 6:
1.Pseudo-serious tone: The creams, slightly muffled by oil,```as thoughtorture were being carried out but they didn’t last long: It was all over rather suddenly, and, his legs released, thepig righted himself.2.Biblical allusion:
1)From then until the time of his death I held the pig steadily in the bowl of my mind;
2)The pig’s lot and mine inextricably bound now, as though the rubber tube were the silver cord.3.Alliteration: But even so, there was a directness and dispatch about animal burial.4.Symbolize: He had evidently become precious to me, not that he represented a distant nourishment in a hungry time, but that he had suffered in a suffering world.(对作者来说，the suffering of the pig symbolizes the suffering of human beings.)
5.Humorous:
1)The frequency of our trips down the footpath through the orchard
to the pig yard delighted him, although he suffers greatly arthritis, moves with difficulty, and would be bedridden if he could find anyone willing to serve him meals on the tray.2)I have come to believe that there is in hostesses a special power of
divination, and that they deliberately arrange dinners to coincide with pig failure or some other sort of failure.(humorously accuses the hostesses)
3)This was slapstick—the sort of dramatic treatment that instantly
appealed to my old dachund, Fre,```presided at the interment.4)This uncertainty afflicts me with a sense of personal
determination;if I were in decent health I would know how many nights I had sat up with a pig.6.Parallel structure:
1)```with the fog shutting in every night, scaling for a few hours in
mid-day, then creeping back again at dark, drifting in first over the trees on the point, then```
2)```everything about the last scene seemed overwritten—the dismal
sky, the shabby woods, the imminence of rain, the worm``
第二篇：高级英语修辞总结
1)Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词2)Metaphor：(暗喻)喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成3)Analogy:(类比)
4)Personification:(拟人)5)Hyperbole:(夸张)6)Understatement:(含蓄陈述）
7)Euphemism:(委婉)
8)Metonymy:(转喻）转喻又称换喻，或借代。
9)Synecdoche(提喻）整体代部分，部分代整体
10)Antonomasia(换喻）11)Pun:(双关语）12)Syllepsis:(一语双叙）
13)Zeugma:(轭式搭配）把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一个句子里一个词可以修饰或者控制两个或更多的词，它可以使语言活泼，富有幽默感。
14)Irony:(反语）运用跟本意相反的词语来表达此意，却含有否定、讽刺以及嘲弄的意
15)Innuendo:(暗讽）16)Sarcasm:(讽刺）17)Paradox:(似非而是的隽语）即短而机智之妙语，名言警句
18)Oxymoron:(矛盾修饰）
19)Antithesis:(对照)
20)Epigram:(警句）21)Climax:(渐进或递升法）22)Anti-climax or bathos:（突降，渐降)
23)Apostrophe：(顿呼）
24)Transferred Epithet:(移就，转类形容词）就是有意识的把描写甲事物的词语移用来描写乙事物。一般可分为移人于物、移物于人、移物于物三类。
25)Alliteration:(头韵）头韵是指一组词、一句话或一行诗中重复出现开头音相同的单词，简明生动，起到突出重点，加深印象，平衡节奏，宣泄感情的作用。
26)Onomatopoeia:(拟声）
27)Synaesthesia：(通感,联觉,移觉)
28）Parallelism(排比，平行)29）Allegory（讽喻，比方，寓言）30）Parody（仿拟）31）Rhetorical question（修辞疑问，反问）32）Rhetorical repetition（叠言）33）Allusion（典故，隐喻）34）anaphora（首语重复法）
第三篇：英语修辞
1.Anacoluthon：n.句法前后不一致；前言不搭后语
n.破格文体；错格；句法不一致，说话时句子中途变更语型以致前后结构不一致名词（An abrupt change within a sentence from one syntactic structure to another）“I will have such revenges on you both, That all the world shall--I will do such things, What they are, yet I know not.”
2.Anadiplosis（联珠法）A rhetorical term for the repetition of the last word of one
line or clause to begin the next.“When I give I give myself.”
3.Analogy比拟;类推,类比Analogy is a form of comparison, but unlike simile or
metaphor, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities of points of resemblance.4.Anastrophe(倒置法)A rhetorical term for the inversion of conventional word
order“Intelligent she was not.In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.”
5.Anesis缓和A figure of addition that occurs when a concluding sentence,clause, or phrase is added to a statement which purposely diminishes the effect of what has been previously stated.“ Now Naaman, captain of the host of the king of Syria, was a great man with his master, and honorable, because by him the LORD had given deliverance unto Syria: he was also a mighty man in valor,6.Antithesis对照，对语juxtaposition（并列）of contrasting ideas in balanced
phrases or clauses.“Many are called, but few are chosen.”
7.archaism ['ɑ:keiizəm,-ki-]n.古语；拟古主义；古体is the use of a form of
speech or writing that is no longer current.“the odd man out”, which originally came from the phrase “to find the odd man out”, where the verb “to find out” has been split by its object “the odd man”, meaning the item which does not fit.8.Cacophony : n.刺耳的声音, 杂音is the demonstration of unpleasant
phonaesthetics.1.blare(像喇叭般)发嘟嘟声;发出响而刺耳的声音
2.screech(表示惊恐、痛苦的)尖叫;尖锐刺耳的声音，猴子尖叫
3.roar 表示机器的轰鸣声，尖锐刺耳的声音
4.howl鬼哭狼嚎的尖锐刺耳的声音
5.squeak老鼠的尖叫，猪尖叫
6.nicker & whinny马嘶
7.grating 刺耳的（人因为音色而说话刺耳）
8.raspy 刺耳的（人因为生病而说话刺耳,9，chiasmus n.交错法in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first with the parts reversed.“I flee who chases me, and chase who flees me.”
10，Climax 高潮 is one kind of expressive rhetorical devices． The proper use of it can not only strengthen the power of sentences，express the meaning more clearly，but also make the sentence pattern more orderly and more rhythmic，and thus it impresses the readers more deeply． 例子：I came，I saw，I conquered．（Julius Caesar）came，saw，conquered并列，词语之间在意义上由弱到强依次递升达到高潮。这是典型的层进辞格句。
11，Etymology词源学 A rhetorical term for repetition of a word or phrase for
emphasis, usually with no words in between.例子：“It's a twister!It's a twister!”(Zeke in The Wizard of Oz, 1939)“这是龙卷风！这是龙卷风！”（齐克在绿野仙踪，1939年）
12.Exemplum 例证figure of amplification using an example, brief or extended, real or fictitious, to illustrate an example;
The use of exemplum is similar to “for example”
13，hyperbaton 倒置法Hyperbaton is a figure of speech in which words that naturally belong together are separated from each other for emphasis or effect.例子 “Bloody thou art;bloody will be thy end”
14，Hyperbole(修辞的夸张法)is that describes something as better or worse than it really is.Hyperboles are exaggerations to create emphasis or effect.例子“Her wrinkles weigh more than she does!” Elizabeth（她的皱纹比她更重）15，The hysteron proteron词语的前后倒置，逆序法 is a rhetorical device in which the first key word of the idea refers to something that happens temporally later than the second key word.例子 “shoes and socks,” rather than socks and shoes,16，Metaphor 暗喻A metaphor is a figure of speech where comparison is implied.例子The years have slivered her hair.岁月已使她鬓发如霜
17，Metonymy借代 Metonymy is a figure of speech has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another.例子The White House supports the bill(using White House instead of President.The President is not like the White House, but there is contiguity between them).It uses closely related subjects。Oxymoron矛盾修辞法is a figure of speech which is formed by the conjoining
of two contrasting, contradictory terms to produce a special effect.An oxymoron is a compressed paradox.（用两种不相调和或截然相反的词语来形容某一事物, 在矛盾中寻求哲理, 这种修辞手法叫做矛盾修饰法。）noble lie 高尚的谎言 19 paradox（似非而可能正确的议论）a statement or expression so surprisingly
self‐contradictory as to provoke us into seeking another sense or context in which it would be true“I am lying,” for example, and we assume that his statement is true, it must be false.The paradox is that the statement “I am lying” is false if it is true.praeteritio(=paraleipsis)假省笔法(省略重要部分反而加强意义的方法或故意
省略重要部分而引人注意)suggesting by deliberately concise treatment that much of significance is omitted;pretended omission for rhetorical effect;e.g Let us make no judgment on the events of Chappaquiddick, since the facts are not yet all in.A political opponent of Senator Edward KennedySarcasm讽刺;嘲笑;挖苦is “a sharp, bitter, or cutting expression or remark;a
bitter jibe or taunt”, usually conveyed through irony or understatement.例子critical comments may be expressed in an ironic way, such as saying “don't work too hard” to a lazy worker.22.Syllepsis一语双叙法；兼用法；轭语法 use of a word to govern two or more
words though agreeing in number or case etc.with only one.例子“The sky—and my hopes—is falling.”
23，A transferred epithet“移就修饰”，亦称“转移修饰a figure of speech where an epithet(an adjective ordescriptive phrase)is transferred from the none it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really belong.例子 His story achieved nothing but cheap laughs.他的故事仅仅赚了点廉价的笑声。
24，trope 比喻，修辞，转译is the usage of figurative language in literature, or a figure of speech in which words are used in a sense different from their literal
meaning.例子The ship of state has sailed through rougher storms than the tempest of these lobbyists.“ 25，Zeugma [zewg‐mă], a figure of speech by which one word refers to two others in the same sentence.轭式修饰法 例子“Mr.Jones took his coat and his leave”26，Aporia 难点a rhetorically useful expression of doubt.Euphony 悦耳的声音Euphony is achieved through the use of vowel sounds in words of generally serene imagery例子The mild-eyed melancholy Lotos-eaters came.”
28，Hypophora设问in which the speaker poses a question and then answers the question.例子“Do you know the difference between education and experience? Education is when you read the fine print;experience is what you get when you don't.”
29，pun 双关语a humorous play on words eg1.例子 Seven days without water makes one weak.七天不进水，人就会虚弱。weak和week是同音异义词。因此这句话听起来可以理解为：Seven days without water makes one week.Litotes 间接肯定法(Litotes)是指用反对语的否定表达肯定的正面的意义的一种修辞手段。间接肯定法也称曲意法。间接肯定法与夸张法恰恰相反Understatement for rhetorical effect(especially when expressing an affirmative by negating its contrary)例子.This is no small all accomplishment.这可是一个不小的成就。（用no small表示great)
Scesis Onomaton 同意句重复 emphasizes an idea by expressing it in a string of generally synonymous phrases or statements.例子Wendy lay there, motionless in a peaceful slumber, very still in the arms of sleep.32 Epanalepsis（语句间隔反复）1.Our eyes saw it, but we could not believe our eyes.
第四篇：现代大学英语5册修辞解释(1、4、5、9四单元)
1.Where do we go from here?
<1>,as long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free.Antithesis: mind vs.body;enslaved vs.free.对仗手法
<2>psychological freedom is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.Metaphor: comparing the long history of slavery to a long night.The word” night” is used here to indicate a period of darkness and gloom, a period of moral degeneration.<3>,love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love.Antithesis: the speaker works on the two words ”love” and “power” in order to bring out the contrast.<4>what is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic.Parallel structure
<5>power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.Parallel structure
<6>wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.Metaphor
<7>it is something like improving the food in the prison while the people remain securely incarcerated behind bars.Simile
<9>without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don’t solve answers that don’t answer and explanations that don’t explain.Paradox and parallel structure
<10>you may murder a murder but you cannot murder murder
Antithesis and parallel structure
<11> and I have seen too much hate… too great a burden to bear.Parallel
<12>we are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life’s marketplace.Metaphor
<13> let us be dissatisfied…
①parallel structure
②antithesis: Dark yesterday vs.bright tomorrow
③metaphor and simile
④biblical allusion(典故)
⑤anaphora(首语重复法)
<14>there will be those methods when the buoyancy(浮力，轻快的心情)of hope will be transformed into the fatigue of despair.Antithesis
<15> when our days become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantism mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows.Let us realize the arc of the moral universe is long but it bends towards justice.①metaphor ②antithesis ③paradox
4.Professions for women
Metaphor（暗喻）
（1）killing the angel in the house
（2）The process of fishing is compared to the process of creative writing.(58页中间)
（3）Not only space for living,but also space for creative activity.Here a room is compared to freedom,while the house is compared to the whole society.（58页下面）Metonymy（转喻）
“the White House” for “the president”, “the crown” for “the king” or for “the queen”
5.Love is a fallacy
<1>it is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect
Hyperbole夸张
<2>it is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.Antithesis对仗对偶, “beautiful dumb” and “smart” are balanced against “ugly smart” and “beautiful”
<3>back and forth his head swiveled旋转, desire waxing, resolution waning
Antithesis对仗对偶, “desire waxing” is balanced against “resolution waning”
<4>… he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat
Hyperbole,夸张 it’s an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as “mad lust”
<5>I will wander the face of earth, s shambling, and hollow-eyed hulk
Hyperbole（夸张）
1.Metaphor
(para.5)a giant intellect(para.34)the field would be open
(para.61)the size of my task(para.78)a wave of despair
(para.98)the extinct crater in her mind;embers;flame
(para.118)a glimmer of intelligence(para.138)the tide of panic
3.metonymy 转喻
(para20)My brain, the precision instrument, slipped into high gear.The precision instrumentmy brain is compared to an instrument
Gearmy brain is compared to a machine.4.antithesis 对仗对偶
(para27)It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dump girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.Smartdump;beautifulugly
(para.50)„ desire waxing;resolution waning
5.alliteration 押头韵
(para.23)„let my heart rule my head
(para.50)„ desire waxing;resolution waning
6.parallelism 排比
(para.25-para.27)Beautiful she was.Gracious she was.Intelligent she was not
7.Hyperbole夸张
(para.42)he repeated fifteen of twenty times
8.Parody仿拟:
(para.53)“What’s Polly to me or me to Polly?”
---“Hamlet”第二幕第二场:”What’s Hecuba to him or him to Hecuba that should weep for her?”
(para.97)a logic-proof heade.g.water-proof;dust-proof;shock-proof
9.allusion 用典
Pygmalion: the sculpture loved by his creator
Frankenstein: the creature who destroyed his creator
10.Simile
(para.147)bellowing like a bull
9.The way to rainy mountain
Metaphor
„and in summer the prairie is an anvil’s edge.(paragraph 1)
personification
At a distance in July or August the steaming foliage seems almost writhe in fire.(paragraph 1)
Simile
„popping up like corn to sting the flesh.(paragraph 1)
synecdoche metaphor
My grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years, but she must have known from birth the affliction of defeat, the dark brooding of old warriors.(paragraph 3)
Metonymy
„and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground.(paragraph 4)Simile
The skyline in all directions is close at hand, the high wall of the woods and deep cleavages of shade.(paragraph 6)
Alliteration
This is a perfect freedom in the mountains, but it belongs to the eagle and the elk, the badger and the bear.(paragraph 6)
The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent and blind in the wilderness.(paragraph 6)
Simile
The great billowing clouds that sail upon it are shadows that move upon the grain like water, dividing light.(paragraph 7)
Simile
„they could see the dark lees of the hills at dawn across the Bighorn River, the profusion of light on the grain shelves, the oldest deity ranging after the solstices.(paragraph 7)simile personification
At the top of a ridge I caught sight of Devil’s Tower upthrust against the gray sky as if in the birth of time the core of the earth had broken through its crust and the motion of the world was begun.(paragraph 8)
Metonymy
There are things in nature that engender an awful quiet in the heart of man;Devil’s Tower is one of them.(paragraph 8)
SynecdocheMetonymy
There, in a very little while, wood takes on the appearance of great age.(paragraph 11)SynecdocheMetaphor
The windowpanes are black and opaque;you imagine there is nothing within, and indeed there are many ghosts, bones given up to the land.(paragraph 11)
Alliteration
The aged visitors who came to my grandmother’s house when I was a child were made of lean and leather and they bore themselves upright.Metonymy
„ the scars of old and cherished enmities(paragraph 12)
„battles that took place in the past and were remembered fondly by those old warriors MetaphorPersonification
Now there is a funeral silence in the rooms, the endless wake of some final word.(paragraph 14)
Simile
My line of vision was such that the creature filled the moon like a fossil.(paragraph 14)Synecdochemetaphor
There, where it ought to be, at the end of a long and legendary way, was my grandmother’s grave.Here and there on the dark stones were ancestral names.Looking back once, I saw the mountain and came away.
第五篇：现代大学英语-课程情况汇总
现代大学英语--课程情况汇总
课程名称：现代大学英语
任课教师：
授课班级：级商务英语3、4班
教师简介：
教师：张梅毕业院校：学位：硕士专业：外国语言学及应用语言学参加工作时间：2007年7月 教师教学能力:
英语精读课是大学英语专业教学的重点，也是大学英语教学比较难以处理与把握的一个重要环节。本人能够独立承担本课程的教学任务, 在备课的过程中能够做到认真、仔细，在充分理解教材的基础上认真备好每一堂课。能够熟练驾驭课堂，清楚讲解每堂课的内容，做到有条理、层次清楚，便于学生对单词、重点短语以及课文的理解的掌握。针对一年级学生应首先以打基础为最终教学目的，在阅读的基础上以语音、语调、词汇、语法结构为讲解的出发点，对主要的语法结构有规律地循环练习。精读的阅读材料一般都具有大量启发式口、笔头练习；在每个单元中通过练习题的讲解也使得学生对英语的语音语调、语言结构、情节和语言功能有一定的认识。
学生情况：
级商务专业的大部分的学生学习热情高,课堂上能够做到全神贯注,积极思考 问题。
教材选用:
《现代大学英语精读》
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