第一篇:2011年高考英语作文高分秘籍分享:倒装更妙
书面表达一直在历年高考中占有很重要的地位,而且相对于其他题型,书面表达最容易在短期内有所突破,因为其他的题都是客观题,只有书面表达是主观题。主观题就意味着需要人工阅卷而不是机器阅卷,也就是说只要考生可以抓住阅卷老师的心里,按照他们所期待的模式去写,必定能在高考中取得高分。在历年的高考评卷过程中,阅卷老师是如何评判一份卷子的,阅卷人最注重的是什么,是每个高考考生迫切想知道的,笔者将结合多年的高考阅卷经验,告诉大家如何在高考中胜人一筹,在书面表达上拿到高档次的分数。书面表达在评阅时遵循语言第一位(语言高级),内容第二位(要点齐全),结构第三位(文章分段)的原则,也就是说阅卷老师最注重的是语言,换句话说是亮点,根据语言使用情况,亮点的多少而定出档次,所以考生在书面表达中语言上的亮点是得高分的关键。亮点一共有四种:
一、高级词汇和语法;
二、修辞手法;
三、有效的连词;
四、名人名言或谚语。首先简单介绍亮点当中至关重要的高级语法,以及修辞手法当中的一些技巧的使用。
肯定不如双否好
修辞的使用在书面表达中算作很大的亮点,在高中阶段很少有学生会注重修辞的应用。双重否定也是种修辞,而且对于考生来说,只要稍加注意,可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。例如想表达“邮递员天天准时到”,如果写成The postman comes on time every day,就不如变成双重否定,The postman never fails to come on time,就变成了亮点句,起到强调作用。几乎每个人对生活的态度都不同程度受到地震的影响,写成双重否定There was hardly a man or a woman whose attitude towards life had not affected by the earthquake.应用类似的修辞会在高考中为考生加分。
陈述不如倒装妙
在书面表达中阅卷老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种:倒装,强调,从句,独立主格和分词结构,以及虚拟语气。倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式,足以应对书面表达,如何应用倒装,有很多方法和技巧。
1.否定词开头:如果写出的句子中有否定词,例如I will never marry you.不如变成倒装,用否定词开头Never will I marry you.就算作使用了高级语法。其他的否定词,如not,seldom,hardly等开头后面的句子倒装都是比较好的句子。
2.地点状语开头:在很多年的高考书面表达中都有表达地点的句子,一个建筑位于什么位置,或什么地方有什么东西,都可以应用倒装。例如在2006年的全国卷中,图书馆位于学校的中央,Our library is in the center of our school.变成倒装就用地点状语开头:In the center of our school lies our library.其他的例子,想表达河岸上有很多花:On the bank stand some flowers.天空中繁星点点:In the sky hang little stars.总之在想表达地点时就把地点状语放在句首后面主谓倒装。这样做的好处之一是倒装本身就是高级结构,第二是倒装后把真正的主语放到了句子的末尾,后面还可以继续加从句,使整个句子再呈现更多的亮点。例如In the center of our school lies our library,which
is between the garden and the teaching building.3.Only+介词短语:例如在2007年全国卷中,让外教帮你找个笔友,有一句可以表达成只有通过这种方式我才能提高英语,这句话可以写成Only in this way can I improve my English.其他的例子还有Only by taking exercises can we keep healthy.4.形容词+as+主语+必动词:例如Young as I am,I can manage it;Rich as our country is,we have a lot of problems.2000年书面表达中:Badly injured as he was,he managed to take down the car’s number.还有其他的倒装结构,很高兴收到的你的来信:So glad am I to hear from you.在高考中要尽量使用一两个倒装。
主动不如被动巧
在近些年的阅卷中,发现考生在写作中很少使用被动语态,也许是受中文思维的影响,几乎整篇文章都使用主动语态。其实在英文中,被动语态的使用是很重要的。因为英语是一门客观的语言,而汉语是主观的语言,具体体现在英语中经常用被动语态,汉语经常用主动语态;英语中经常用物称或形式主语开头,强调一件事发生在什么人身上,而汉语经常用人称开头强调一个人发生了什么事。所以使用被动语态符合英语的习惯,如果能将整个文章中两个句子变成被动语态,就会呈现句型的变化,使整个文章句型丰富。例如在2006年的高考中,很多学生在表达我们每次可以借五本书最多借十天时,都是用:We can borrow five books at most,and we can keep them for ten days.这句话如果写成:At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days,分数会更高。
分词结构不能少
在前文提到,在书面表达中老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种:倒装,强调,从句,独立主格和分词结构,以及虚拟语气。在所有的高级语法中,阅卷老师最喜欢看到的是独立主格和分词结构,其次是剩下的几项。但很多学生不知道如何在文章中使用这个最大的亮点。其实几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分词结构,时间状语从句,原因状语,条件状语等。例如条件状语从句:If such is the case,you should apologize to her.如何变成独立主格或分词结构呢?学会下面的口诀,如果你的作文中有状语从句,马上可改成独立主格或分词结构这个最大的亮点。
口诀:一去,二看,三改。一去:去连词;二看:看主语;三改:改分词。
If such is the case,you should apologize to her.按照这个口诀来改,第一步,去掉连词if;第二步,看前后两句话的主语,前后主语不一致,所以要改成独立主格;第三步,改分词,is 变成分词是being,所以最后变成Such being the case,you should apologize to her.就变成了独立主格。如果前后两句话主语一致,就变成分词结构,例如2005年高考书面表达中的一句话Because I am a student,I’d like to know the price for students.改成Being a student,I’d like to know the price for students.其
他想表达状语从句的时候几乎都一样。所以想表达由于,因为,如果等都写成独立主格或分词结构会让阅卷老师多给几分。
总之,高考的书面表达重在设计,如何设计出让阅卷老师看了眼前一亮的句子,写出有分词,倒装,强调,修辞的句子,使整篇文章句型丰富,不单一,有效的使用连接成分使文章连贯,方能在高考中拿到高分。
文中,被动语态的使用是很重要的。因为英语是一门客观的语言,而汉语是主观的语言,具体体现在英语中经常用被动语态,汉语经常用主动语态;英语中经常用物称或形式主语开头,强调一件事发生在什么人身上,而汉语经常用人称开头强调一个人发生了什么事。所以使用被动语态符合英语的习惯,如果能将整个文章中两个句子变成被动语态,就会呈现句型的变化,使整个文章句型丰富。例如在2006年的高考中,很多学生在表达我们每次可以借五本书最多借十天时,都是用:Wecanborrowfivebooksatmost,andwecankeepthemfortendays.这句话如果写成:
Atmostfivebookscanbeborrowedatatimeandtheycanbekeptfortendays,分数会更高。
第二篇:考研英语作文最新高分秘籍
考研英语作文最新高分秘籍
一、背诵、默写范文
背诵不能不说是积极备战快速提高写作成绩的一条捷径。考生可以选择历年真题的范文和一些与真题作文相近的文章进行背诵。同时,基础稍好些的同学,可以背一下小作文的优秀模板,及大作文的模板框架和句式,然后依据模板进行训练。
语言要求:
用词准确:用词准确是最基本的要求之一。
语法正确:语法错误是考试的失分点所在,在小作文的写作中应尽量少用缩略语和口语。句型多变:既有并列句,也有复合句,还有从句。
小作文的考查要求中会体现出文章的背景场合和写作目的,考生应针对不同情境选择不同表达。不同的应用文有不同的用语,建议2015年的考生对某些应用文的格式和习惯用语加以熟悉和背诵,以便运用自如。
二、活用模板,注重素材的积累,适当加入自己的内容。
我们在初练写作的时候套用模板是正常的事情,也是一个必经的过程,只有先试用别人的东西,才能学习和积累写作素材。模板要活学活用,不要一字不差的照抄无误,而是要根据自己所要表达的内容进行更改。写作不一定要字字句句都是难词,长句,而是要学会运用一些常见词的常见短语去表达,这样才能真正显示写作的水平。这就要求学生在平时的学习中注意积累常用的短语或者词组,以备写作之用。
另外,关于写作素材,不仅仅指写作常用的词汇,句型或者语法结构,还要包括所用的事例。比如:2001年的写作真题,要求写“爱心”,第二段要求用实例证明主题。有的考生见题就写“我考试面临很大的压力,我的朋友是如何帮助我排解压力的”,这显然就是素材贫乏造成的后果。题目中的“爱心”是指“大爱”,陌生人互帮互助的心态。如果写“汶川地震,希望工程”这类事例,显然非常符合题目要求,而且事例又广为人知,比写“朋友如何帮助我”更生动,更有说服力。因此,在平常的练习中要注意从阅读中积累素材,积累词句,而不要仅仅局限于模板之中。
三、使用谚语,增加闪光点
有些意志品质类的文章,如果加入一句相关的谚语会让你的文章大放光彩。但是不能直接写句子。加一个模板句型:An ancient oriental philosopher said,“谚语”:一位古老东方的先哲曾经说过,„„有同学说西方的谚语为什么用东方的先哲呢?比如:Where there is a will, there is a way.是西方的谚语,中国也有有志者,事竟成的语句。文化都是相通的,可以放心来用。建议大家在闲暇的时候多翻看一下英文的谚语,积少成多,相信对大家一定有所帮助。
第三篇:英语作文高分秘籍
高考英语作文高分秘籍,非常管用哦!
(一)掌握技巧:
(1)注意篇章结构,合理布局
开始部分(opening paragraph)——说出文中的要点、核心问题。
正文部分(Body paragraphs)——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。
结尾部分(concluding paragraphs)——对全文的总结和概括。
要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系,内容完整、连贯。前后呼应,祛除与主题无关的内容.(2)确定主题句
主题句是对全文的概括,是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头,而后,全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释,扩展。
写主题句应注意以下几点:
①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点
②提炼出一句具有概括性的话
③主题句应具有可读性,抓住、吸引读者。
(二)巧用连接词
要想使文章有整体性、连贯性,就要学会正确使用连接词
表示罗列增加
First, second, third,First, then / next, after that / next, finally
For one thing … for another…,On(the)one hand…on the other hand,Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,Especially / In particular,表示时间顺序
now, at present, recently,after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in the beginning, to begin with,later, next, finally,immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment
form now on, from then on,at the same time, meanwhile,till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,表示解释说明
now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover
furthermore, in fact, actually
表示转折关系
but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other
hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except(for), instead, of course, after all,表示并列关系
or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor
表示因果关系
because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result(of), otherwise, so…that, such…that
表示条件关系
as(so)long as, on condition that, if, unless
表示让步关系
though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever,whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how(who, what, which, where, when, whom)
表示举例
for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example
表示比较
be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with(to)…just like, just as,表示目的
for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,表示强调
in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,obviously, above all,表示概括归纳
in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we
all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion,(三)掌握常用句型:
1.in order to
为了实现他的梦想,他学习非常努力。
He worked very hard in order to realize his dream.2.in order that
她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备就绪。
She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 o’clock..3.so…that
他们太累了,除了伸懒腰什么都做不了了。
They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.4.such…that
天气非常冷,以致于街上一个人都没有。
It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.5.would rather do…than do
他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。
He would rather listen to others than talk himself.6.prefer doing to doing
他宁愿在精心准备后去做报告。
He prefers making speeches after careful preparation.7.prefer to do…rather than do
比起女人,男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿花那么多时间来购物。
Compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping.8.not only…but also
在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程,而且还获得了博士学位。
In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received her doctor’s degree.9.either…or
如果考试过关,你可以买一个MP3或去云南玩一趟。
You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.10.Neither…nor
他是一个无聊的人,既不爱娱乐,也不爱读书。
He is a boring man.He likes neither entertainment nor reading.11.as well as
他善良又乐于助人。
He was kind as well as helpful.12.…as well
这个小孩活泼又可爱。
The child is active and funny as well.13.One…the other
你看见桌子上有两只笔吗?一支是红色的,另一支是黑色的。
Have you seen two pens on the desk? One is red, the other is black.14.Some…others
每个人都很忙,有些在读书,有些在写作。
Everyone is busy in classroom.Some are reading, others are writing.15.make…+adj /n
我们所做的可以让世界更美丽。
What we do will make the world more beautiful.16.not…until
直到他告诉我发生的事,我才了解真相。
I didn’t know the truth until she told me what happened.17.as if
他夸夸其谈好像什么事都知道。
He talks a lot as if he knows everything.18.It is no use(good)doing…
假装不懂规则是行不通的。
It’s no use pretending that you didn’t know the rules.19.find it + adj to do…
我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。
I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.20.It is + time since…
我已经有两年没见他了。
It is two years since I last met him.21.It is + time when…
我到电影院时已经八点钟了。
It was 8 o’clock when I got to the cinema.22.It is + time before…
不久我们就会再见面的。
I won’t be long before we can meet again.23.It is…that…
我最珍视的是友谊。
It is friendship that I value most.24.It is + n / adj + that / to do…
每个人都必须懂得如何使用计算机
It is a must that everybody should know how to use computers.7大姑8大姨的英文表达
表姑
Second cousin 表叔
Second cousin 表兄弟 Father's sister's sons;male cousin 表兄弟
Maternal male cousin 表侄
Second cousin 表姊妹
Father's sister's daughters;female cousin 表姊妹
Maternal female cousin 伯父/大爷
Father's older brother;Elder uncle 伯母/大娘
Father's older brother's wife;Aunt 伯叔祖父
Father's father's brother;Great uncle 伯叔祖母
Father's father's brother's wife;Great aunt 长兄/哥哥
Older Brother 长姊/姐姐 Older Sister 大伯
Husband's older brother;brother-in-law 大姑
Husband's older sister;sister-in-law 弟妇/弟妹
Younger brother's wife;sister-in-law 儿子 Son 父亲/爸爸 Father 高祖父
Great great grandfather 高祖母
Great great grandmother 公公
Husband's father;father-in-law 姑夫
Father's sister's husband;Husband of paternal aunt;uncle 姑母
Father's sister;Paternal aunt 姑爷
Father's father's sister's husband;Paternal grandaunt's husband 继父
Step father 继母
Step mother 襟兄弟
Husband of wife's sister 舅父/舅舅
Mother's brother;Maternal uncle 舅母/妗子 Mother's brother's wife;Maternal uncle's wife 妹夫
Younger sister's husband 母亲/妈妈 Mother 内弟/小舅子
Wife's younger brother 内兄/大舅子
Wife's older brother 女儿
Daughter 女婿
Daughter's husband;Son-in-law 婆婆
Husband's mother;mother-in-law 妻子/老婆 Wife 嫂/嫂子
Older brother's wife;sister-in-law 婶母/婶子
Father's younger brother's wife;Aunt 叔父/叔叔
Father's younger brother;Uncle 叔丈母
Wife's aunt 叔丈人
Wife's uncle 孙女
Son's daughter;Granddaughter 孙女婿
Son's daughter's husband;Granddaughter's husband 孙媳夫
Son's son's wife;Grandson's wife 孙子
Son's son;Grandson 堂兄弟
Father's brother's sons;Paternal male cousin 堂姊妹
Father's brother's daughters;Paternal female cousin 同胞兄妹 Sibling 外甥
Sister's son 外甥
Wife's sibling's son 外甥女
Sister's daughter 外甥女
Wife's sibling's daughter 外甥女婿
Sister's daughter's husband
界上最最恐怖的12个英语单词
1.honorificabilitudinitatibus 这个字是由27个字母组成的。出现在大文豪莎士比亚的剧本「空爱一场」Love's Labour's Lost里,意思是「不胜光荣」。
2.antidisestablishmentarianism 这个字是由28个字母组成的。根据范克和华格若尔斯编的「英语新标准辞」里面的解释,这个字的意思是「反对教会与国家分开学说」。
3.floccinaucinihilipipification 这个字是由29个字母组成的。「牛津英文辞典」里就有这个字,意思是「把某事的价值加以抹杀的行为或习惯」。
4.supercalifragilisticexpiadocious 这个字是由34个字母组成的。出现在一部名叫Mary Poppins的电影里,意思是「好」。
5.hepaticocholecystostcholecystntenterostomy 这个字是由40个字母组成的。出现在高德编的「医学辞典」里,为一个外科术语,亦即在胆囊与胆管之间或肠子与胆囊之间接人工管子的手术。
6.pneumonoultramicyoscpicailicovolcanoconiosis 这个字是由45个字母组成的。出现在韦氏辞典第八版的版本中意思是「吸入硅酸盐细末或石英岩灰而形成的肺尘埃沉着病」。矿工特别容易得这种病。
7.Antipericatametaanaparcircumvolutiorectumgustpoops of the Coprofied 这个字是由50个字母组成的。有个图书馆的书架上,陈列着法国作家拉伯雷着的「葛甘塔和潘特古」故事系列。其中有一本,书名就是这个长长的英文字。
8.osseocaynisanguineoviscericartilagininervomedullary 这个字是由51个字母组成的。它是人体构造一术语,曾出现在英国作家皮考克(Thomas Love Peacock,1785-1866)那本名叫的小说中。
9.aequeosalinocalcalinoceraceoaluminosocupreovitriolie 这个字是由52个字母组成的。它是英国医学作者爱德华.史特罗哲创造的字,专用来形容英格兰格洛斯特夏布瑞斯陀这个地方的矿泉水成分。10.bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonnerronntuonnthunntrovarrhounawnskawntoohoohoordenenthurnuk 这个字是由100个字母组成的。就出现在爱尔兰作家乔埃斯作Finnegans Wake的扉页,象征,代表亚当和夏娃的堕落。
11.lopadotemachoselachogaleokranioleipsanodrimhypotrimmatosilphioparaomelitokatakechymenokichlepikossyphophattoperisteralektryonoptekephalliokigklopeleiolagoiosiraiosiraiobaphetraganopterygon 这个字是由182个字母组成的。它是从希腊字英译过来的英文字,源出自希腊喜剧作家亚里斯多芬尼斯的剧本The Ecclesiazusae中。它是指由剩余的菜和牛肉函煮而成的辣味食物。
12.1913个字母,“色氨酸合成酶A蛋白质”(一种含有267种氨基酸酶)的化学名: MethionylglutaminylarginyltyrosylglutamylserylleucylphenylalanylalanylglutaminylleucyllysylglutamylarginyllysylglutamylglycylalanylphenylalanylvalylprolyphenylalanYlvalythreonylleucylglycylaspartylprolylglycylisoleucylglutamylglutaminylsErylleucyllysylisoleucylaspartylthreonylleucylIsoleucylglutamylalanylglycylalanylasparthlalanylleucylglutamylleucylglycylisoleucylprolylphenylalanylseRylaspartylprolylleucylalanylaspartylglycylpRolylthreOnylisoleucylglutaminylasPfraginylalanylthreonylleucylarfinylalanylphenylalanylalanylalanylglycylvalythreonylprolylalanylglutaminylcysteinylphenylalanylglutamylmethionylleucylalanylleuOylisoleucylarginylglutaminyllysyhistidylprolylthreonylisoleucylprolylisoleucylglycylleucylmethionyltyrosylalanylasparaginylleucylvalylphenylalanylasparaginyllysyglycylisoleucylaspartylglutamylphenylalanylthrosylalanylglutaminylcysteinylglutamyllysylvalylglycylvalylaspartylserylvalylleucylvalylalnylaspartylvalylprolylvalylglUtaminylglutamylserylalanylprolylphenylalanylarginylglutaminylalanylalanylleucylarginylhistidylasparaginyvalylalanylprolylisoleucylprolylisoleucylphenylalanylisoleucylphenylalanylisoleucylcysteinylprolylprolylaspartylalanylaspartylaspartylaspartylleucylleucylarginylglutaminylisoleucylalanylseryltyrosylglycylarginylglycyltyrosylthreonyltyrOsylleucylleucylserylarginylalanylglycylvalylthreonylglycylalanylglutamYlasparainylarginylalanylalanylleucylprolylleucylasparaginylhistidylleucylValylalanyllysylleucyllysylglutamyltyrosylasparaginylalanylalanylprolylprolylleucylglutaminylglgycylphenylalanylglycylisoleucylserylalanylprolylaspartylglutaminylvalyllysylalanylalanylisoleucylaspartylalanylglycylalanylalanylglycylalanylisoleucylserylglycylserylalanylisoleucylvalyllysylisoIeucylisoleucylglutamylglutaminylHistidylasparaginyliSoleucylglutamylprolylglutamyllysylmethionylleucylalanylalanylleucyllysylvalylphenylalanylcalylglutaminylprolylmethionlysylalanylalanylthreonylarginylserine
第四篇:高考英语作文高分
英语作文模板
第一类:观点对比
模板一:
The topic about … is becoming more and more popular in our school recently.There are two sides of opinion about it.Some students prefer to consider doing sth.(Some students say … is their favorite.)they think that…(理由一).What’s more,…(理由二)。Moreover,…(理由三)
However,others believe … is a better choice for three reasons.(然而,其余的人认为做某事是一种较好的选择,有三个方面的理由)to begin with,…(理由一)。Next。In addition,…
From my point of view,the former is surely a wise choice.The reason is that…(或者用:As far as I am concerned,I firmly support the view that…(依我来看,我坚决支持这种观点… that引导同位语从句)
模板二:
There is a widespread concern over the issue that(作文题目)。But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that 观点一。In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place,原因一.Furthermore,in the second place,原因
二。So it goes without saying that 观点一。
People,however,differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that 观点二。In their point of view,on the one hand,原因一。On the other hand,原因二。Therefore,there is no doubt that 观点二。
As far as I am concerned,I firmly support the view that 观点一或二。It is not only because,but also because。The more,the more。
第二类:好处与坏处的对比
模板一:
In recent years,…… has been popular.There are many advantages in…… First,…… Second,…… Third,……
However,there’re some disadvantages.……(之一)。Besides,……(之二)。Also,……(之三)
In my opinion,it is true that advantages are more than disadvantages.(依我看,的确是好处多于坏处)I think…… One big advantage of … is that…。/ One obvious advantage of … is …。/ Finally,…
While it is true that … has many advantages,andit is also important to realize that…。(虽然某事确实有许多好处,但是意识到…也很重要。
第三类:问题与建议
(第一段 提出问题)In recent days,we have to face a problem that……近来,我们面临这样一个问题,就是(that同从)。
(第二段:解决办法:)With the help of modern technology,we now have many means to solve it.By doing ……,we can……What’s the most important is that……
(第三段:结论:)In a word,it is clear / obvious that…… Only when……can we ……。
第四类:要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法
模板:1.有一些人认为… 2.另一些人认为… 3.我的看法…
The topic of ①____________(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②____________(支持A的理由一)What is more,③(理由二)。Moreover,④_____________(理由三)。
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,_________(支持B的理由一)。Secondly(besides),⑥______________(理由二)。Thirdly(finally),⑦_____________(理由三)。
From my point of view,I think ⑧__________(我的观点).The reason is that ⑨__________(原因)。As a matter of fact,there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me,the former is surely a wise choice。
第五类:给出一个观点,要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that ①____________(观点一)。For example,they think ②___________(举例说明).And it will bring them ③_______________(为他们带来的好处)。
In my opinion,I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④__________(我不同意该看法的理由一)。For another thing,⑤____________(反对的理由之二).Form all what I have said/In a word/In conclusion,I agree to the thought that ⑥__________(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).第六类:解决方法题型
模板:要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径:1。问题现状;2。怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)。
In recent days,we have to face a problem A,which is becoming more and more serious.First,_________(说明A的现状).Second,___________(举例进一步说明现状)
Confronted with A,we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,_____________(解决方法一)。For another thing ____________(解决方法二)。Finally,______________(解决方法三)。
Personally,I believe that ____________(我的解决方法)。Consequently,I‘m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ______________(带来的好处)明利弊题型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状,再对比事物本身的利弊,有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发,最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)
1。说明事物现状;2。事物本身的优缺点(或一方面);3。你对现状(或前景)的看法。
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally,its advantages can be seen as follows.First _________(A的优点之一)。Besides ___________(A的优点之二)。
But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that _______________(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,_______________(A的第二个缺点).Through the above analysis,I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore,I would like to _______________(我的看法).From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A,we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,(对前景的预测).)
第五篇:英语倒装
英语倒装
倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。
1.完全倒装
1)完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。
例如:In came the teacher and the class began.(老师走了进来,然后开始上课。)
2)there引出的完全倒装句:除了最常见的there be句型以外,there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等,一般都译成“有”的含义,构成完全倒装句。
例如:There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。)
3)由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头,后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.4)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
Out he rushed.注意: 1)在here, there引出的倒装句中,当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句,但当主语是代词时,就要用部分倒装句。
例:Here comes the postman!(邮递员终于来了!注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。)Here we are.(我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。)
2)当主语是代词,谓语是系动词,表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时,可以使用完全倒装句,起强调作用。
例:Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.(他真幸运,被一所名牌大学录取了。)
Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.(中国典型的是相声表演,两个喜剧演员通过文字游戏逗乐观众)
2.部分倒装
1)部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about(疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活)
2)以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法:
例:Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。)In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.(据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化)
3)以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。
Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.4)一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。
注意:在部分倒装句中,只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前,其它部分都要置于主语之后。
5)此外,一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装,这些结构包括at no time;by no means;for no reason;in no case;in/under no circumstances;in no sense;in no way;on no account;on no consideration;at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.注意:
a)如果含有从句时,只要求主句倒装: 例:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.(只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。)b)如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分,不用倒装:
例: It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.(直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。)
c)如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时,意义类似almost no/ not/ never(几乎不、从不),则无须倒装。
例:Hardly any people having been invited went there.(几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。)
7)由as though引导的部分倒装句:
a)当as作为比较意义时,即用于as + adj./ adv.+ as结构中时,如果把第一个as省略掉,就形成部分倒装句。
例:Cautious as the rest of her family(was), she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.(正如她家里人一样谨慎小心,她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。)She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit(ran).(她跑上楼去,跑得象兔子那么快!)b)当 as引导让步状语时,和although, though一样,当用作“尽管”之义时,可以用于部分倒装句。
Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(虽然他很用功,但他还是没及格)
c)表示原因时,为了强调起见,也可以倒装。
例:Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.(因为他太累了,我们决定不打扰他。)d)等于so时,意义是“也,也是”
例:She worked hard, so/ as did her husband.(她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力。)
3.so, neither, nor倒装
除了构成上述倒装句以外,还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话,构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。
a)当so表示“也,相同,那样”时,通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容,要求使用完全倒装句:
He promised to finish my homework, so did I.b)so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分:例:So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.c)也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调,例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人)
d)neither和nor共有4种倒装形式,其含义分别为:
1)完全倒装时:表示“也不”,和上文a)用法正好相反,表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。
例:You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I.(你不知道现在该做什么,我也不知道。)
2)和其它否定副词连用,表示“也(不)”,也要求用完全倒装句:
例:The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they.(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)
注意:若把这句话改成:“The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)”就不必倒装。
She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.3)用在肯定句里,构成一般否定倒装:
例:All that is true, nor must we forget it.(那全都是真的,我们可不能忘记。)
4.部分倒装
有承上启下作用,表示同意和赞同:
例:A: I couldn't do anything for her.(我帮不了她。)
B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.(你是不能帮她,但你本可以找人帮她的。)
2)在进行比较的句子里,如果主语不是代词时,可以倒装:
例:America consumes more energy than did our country.(美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。)
3)在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。如May you happy.4)在文学作品中常出现倒装,有些是由于语法习惯,有些是为了简单的修辞,如Not even one cloud will I bring away(不带走一片云彩).5.不用倒装的地方
注:如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装.Only Wang Ling knows this.如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的,而且主语是名词时,用倒装结构;主语是代词时,一般不用倒装。
“ Let' go ,” said the man.倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1)句首为否定或半否定的词语如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等 Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题
1)Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A.is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted
C.smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit
2)Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.A.man did know B.man know C.didn't man know D.did man know
倒装结构的用法:
一、副词here,there, in, out,up ,down, away,back,now, then, ahead 等位于句首,当谓语动词是be,come, go, follow,run等表示位置移动的动词,而且主语又是名词时,需要把谓语动词放主语之前,即全部倒装。注意:A 此类倒装不用进行时态度。B若主语是代词时,不用倒装。
1.--Let's hurry.Listen!There________.__Oh,yes.Has the teacher come yet?
---Look!Here________.A the bell goes, is he coming B goes the bell, he comes
C the bell is going,he is coming D goes the bell, comes he
二,含有否定意义的词放句首,部分倒装。
A具有否定意义的副词放句首: not,never,seldom,hardly, rarely.little,scarely,few…
not only, no sooner,hardly.scarely要倒,but also, than, when后面的句子不倒 Neither..nor..两部分都倒装 C, 含有否定意义的介词放句首:by no means, In no time,in no case, on no account,under no
circumstances...On no account must you accept any money against your conscience.三,only+状语,部分到装
6.Only in this way__to make improvement in the operating system.(2003 shang)
A you can hope B you did more C can you hope D did you hope
四、表示上文的状况也适合另外一人或事半功倍有下列:
肯定:so+助动词(动/情态)+主语 *主语与上文一致
否定:neither(nor)+助动(动/情态)+主语
五、as 作“尽管/虽然”,引导让步状语从句,由于语法需要,把表语/状语/动词提于句首.
11.___, he knows a lot of things.A The child as he is B Child as he is C A child as he is D Child as he is
六、so..that.., such..that..的句子结构中,若so,such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首,实行部分倒。
12.So difficult____it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.(2001)
A I have felt B have I felt C I did feel D did I feel
七、若if 引导的虚拟条件句中有were, had, should 时,可将if省,把were, had , should 放主语之前。
13.___it rain tomorrow, we would have put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.(94)
A Were B Should C Would D Will
八、充当地点状语的介词短语放句首,全倒。
In a lecture hall of a university sits a professor.九、在表示愿望的感叹句,倒装。
May our country become rich and strong!
Long live the People's Republic of China!
十、There be 句型,eg,There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….)
There is a man at the door wants to see you.There once lived an old hunter in that house.