第一篇：选用英语倒装
倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。
1.完全倒装
1)完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。例如：In came the teacher and the class began.（老师走了进来，然后开始上课。）
2)there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成“有”的含义，构成完全倒装句。
例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。）
3)由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.4）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
Out he rushed.注意：
1)在here, there引出的倒装句中，当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句，但当主语是代词时，就要用部分倒装句。
例：Here comes the postman!（邮递员终于来了！注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。）
Here we are.（我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。）
2)当主语是代词，谓语是系动词，表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时，可以使用完全倒装句，起强调作用。
例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.（他真幸运，被一所名牌大学录取了。）
Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.（中国典型的是相声表演，两个喜剧演员通过文字游戏逗乐观众）
2.部分倒装
1)部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about（疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活）
2)以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法：
例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。）
In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化）
3)以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。
Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.4）一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。
注意：在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后。
5）此外，一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装，这些结构包括at no time;by no means;by no manner of means;for no reason;in no case;in/under no circumstances;in no sense;in no way;on no account;on no consideration;at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.注意：
a)如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装： 例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。）
b)如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装：
例： It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.（直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。）
c)如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。
例：Hardly any people having been invited went there.（几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。）
6)由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装，因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面，然后才是主语和谓语，形成形式上的部分倒装句：
例：I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.（我一点也不了解这条河，不知道它有多长，多宽或多深。）
7)由as引导的部分倒装句：
a)当as作为比较意义时，即用于as + adj./ adv.+ as结构中时，如果把第一个as省略掉，就形成部分倒装句。
例：Cautious as the rest of her family(was), she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。）
She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit(ran).（她跑上楼去，跑得象兔子那么快！）
b)当 as引导让步状语时，和although, though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。
Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(虽然他很用功，但他还是没及格)
c)表示原因时，为了强调起见，也可以倒装。
例：Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.（因为他太累了，我们决定不打扰他。）
d)等于so时，意义是“也，也是”
例：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband.（她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）
3.so, neither, nor倒装
除了构成上述倒装句以外，还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话，构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。
a)当so表示“也，相同，那样”时，通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容，要求使用完全倒装句：
He promised to finish my homework, so did I.b)so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so /such和that之间的部分：
例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.c)也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调，例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人)
d)neither和nor共有4种倒装形式，其含义分别为：
1)完全倒装时：表示“也不”，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。
例：You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I.（你不知道现在该做什么，我也不知道。）
2)和其它否定副词连用，表示“也（不）”，也要求用完全倒装句：
例：The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they.（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）
注意：若把这句话改成：“The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）”就不必倒装。
She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.3)用在肯定句里，构成一般否定倒装：
例：All that is true, nor must we forget it.（那全都是真的，我们可不能忘记。）
4.部分倒装
有承上启下作用，表示同意和赞同：
例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.（我帮不了她。）
B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能帮她，但你本可以找人帮她的。）
2)在进行比较的句子里，如果主语不是代词时，可以倒装：
例：America consumes more energy than did our country.（美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。）
3）在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。如May you happy.4）在文学作品中常出现倒装，有些是由于语法习惯，有些是为了简单的修辞，如Not even one cloud will I bring away（不带走一片云彩）.5.不用倒装的地方
注:如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装.Only Wang Ling knows this.如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用倒装结构；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。
“ Let' go ,” said the man.【倒装专练】
1.So _________ that even the people in the next room could hear him.A.loudly he spoke
C.loudly did he speakB.he spoke loudlyD.loudly spoke did he
2.Only when one loses freedom _________ its value.A.does one know
C.does know oneB.one does knowD.know one does
3.He never went to see her again, _________ to apologize.A.nor did he writeB.nor he did write
C.he did writeD.nor he wrote
4._________ to sleep than the telephone rang once again.A.No sooner had he goneB.No sooner did he go
C.He no sooner wentD.He had gone no sooner
5.No sooner _________ down than the phone rang.A.had I sat
C.have I satB.I had satD.I have sat
6.No sooner _________ than he was asked to leave again.A.has he arrived
C.had he arrivedB.he has arrivedD.he had arrived
7.Little _________, but we’re flying to Geneva next weekend to celebrate his birthday.A.does he know
C.knows himB.he knows D.did he know
8.Never in my wildest dreams _________ to win first place last time.A.I expectedB.did I expect
C.I have expected D.have I expected
9.Never before _________ so many people here are still starving.A.had I known
C.have I known
B.I had knownD.I have known
10.Little _________ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.A.does he care
C.he caresD.he cared B.did he care
11.Only after my friend came _________.(from)
A.did the computer repairedB.be repaired the computer
C.was the computer repaired D.the computer was repaired
12._________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.A.So curious the couple was
C.How curious the couple were B.So curious were the couple D.The couple was such curious
13.Only by shouting _________ to make himself heard.A.he was able
C.he did ableB.was he able D.did he able
14.Only when we landed _________ how badly the plane had been damaged.A.we realizedB.did we realize
D.we had realized C.had we realized
15._________ was the attack that we had no time to escape.A.So sudden
C.So suddenly B.Too suddenD.Too suddenly
16.Not only _________ a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.A.do the nurses want B.the nurses want
C.did the nurses want D.the nurses wanted
17.Not only _________ to her, I even got her autograph!
A.I spokeB.did I speak
C.I have spokenD.have I spoken
18.The service was terrible and _________ the food.A.so that
C.so was B.so as D.so as to
【参考答案】1—5 CAAAA6—10 CABCB11—15 CBBBA16—18 ABC
第二篇：英语倒装
英语倒装
倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。
1.完全倒装
1)完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。
例如：In came the teacher and the class began.（老师走了进来，然后开始上课。）
2)there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成“有”的含义，构成完全倒装句。
例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。）
3)由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.4）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
Out he rushed.注意： 1)在here, there引出的倒装句中，当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句，但当主语是代词时，就要用部分倒装句。
例：Here comes the postman!（邮递员终于来了！注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。）Here we are.（我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。）
2)当主语是代词，谓语是系动词，表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时，可以使用完全倒装句，起强调作用。
例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.（他真幸运，被一所名牌大学录取了。）
Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.（中国典型的是相声表演，两个喜剧演员通过文字游戏逗乐观众）
2.部分倒装
1)部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about（疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活）
2)以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法：
例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。）In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化）
3)以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。
Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.4）一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。
注意：在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后。
5）此外，一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装，这些结构包括at no time;by no means;for no reason;in no case;in/under no circumstances;in no sense;in no way;on no account;on no consideration;at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.注意：
a)如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装： 例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。）b)如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装：
例： It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.（直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。）
c)如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。
例：Hardly any people having been invited went there.（几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。）
7)由as though引导的部分倒装句：
a)当as作为比较意义时，即用于as + adj./ adv.+ as结构中时，如果把第一个as省略掉，就形成部分倒装句。
例：Cautious as the rest of her family(was), she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。）She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit(ran).（她跑上楼去，跑得象兔子那么快！）b)当 as引导让步状语时，和although, though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。
Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(虽然他很用功，但他还是没及格)
c)表示原因时，为了强调起见，也可以倒装。
例：Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.（因为他太累了，我们决定不打扰他。）d)等于so时，意义是“也，也是”
例：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband.（她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）
3.so, neither, nor倒装
除了构成上述倒装句以外，还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话，构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。
a)当so表示“也，相同，那样”时，通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容，要求使用完全倒装句：
He promised to finish my homework, so did I.b)so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so /such和that之间的部分：例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.c)也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调，例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人)
d)neither和nor共有4种倒装形式，其含义分别为：
1)完全倒装时：表示“也不”，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。
例：You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I.（你不知道现在该做什么，我也不知道。）
2)和其它否定副词连用，表示“也（不）”，也要求用完全倒装句：
例：The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they.（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）
注意：若把这句话改成：“The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）”就不必倒装。
She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.3)用在肯定句里，构成一般否定倒装：
例：All that is true, nor must we forget it.（那全都是真的，我们可不能忘记。）
4.部分倒装
有承上启下作用，表示同意和赞同：
例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.（我帮不了她。）
B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能帮她，但你本可以找人帮她的。）
2)在进行比较的句子里，如果主语不是代词时，可以倒装：
例：America consumes more energy than did our country.（美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。）
3）在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。如May you happy.4）在文学作品中常出现倒装，有些是由于语法习惯，有些是为了简单的修辞，如Not even one cloud will I bring away（不带走一片云彩）.5.不用倒装的地方
注:如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装.Only Wang Ling knows this.如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用倒装结构；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。
“ Let' go ,” said the man.倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1)句首为否定或半否定的词语如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等 Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题
1)Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A.is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted
C.smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit
2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.A.man did know B.man know C.didn't man know D.did man know
倒装结构的用法：
一、副词here,there, in, out,up ,down, away,back,now, then, ahead 等位于句首,当谓语动词是be,come, go, follow,run等表示位置移动的动词，而且主语又是名词时,需要把谓语动词放主语之前，即全部倒装。注意:A 此类倒装不用进行时态度。B若主语是代词时，不用倒装。
1.--Let's hurry.Listen!There________.__Oh,yes.Has the teacher come yet?
---Look!Here________.A the bell goes, is he coming B goes the bell, he comes
C the bell is going,he is coming D goes the bell, comes he
二，含有否定意义的词放句首，部分倒装。
A具有否定意义的副词放句首： not,never,seldom,hardly, rarely.little,scarely,few…
not only, no sooner,hardly.scarely要倒,but also, than, when后面的句子不倒 Neither..nor..两部分都倒装 C, 含有否定意义的介词放句首：by no means, In no time,in no case, on no account,under no
circumstances...On no account must you accept any money against your conscience.三，only＋状语，部分到装
6.Only in this way__to make improvement in the operating system.(2003 shang)
A you can hope B you did more C can you hope D did you hope
四、表示上文的状况也适合另外一人或事半功倍有下列：
肯定:so+助动词(动/情态)+主语 *主语与上文一致
否定:neither(nor)+助动(动/情态)+主语
五、as 作“尽管／虽然”，引导让步状语从句，由于语法需要，把表语／状语／动词提于句首．
11.___, he knows a lot of things.A The child as he is B Child as he is C A child as he is D Child as he is
六、so..that.., such..that..的句子结构中，若so,such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实行部分倒。
12.So difficult____it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.(2001)
A I have felt B have I felt C I did feel D did I feel
七、若if 引导的虚拟条件句中有were, had, should 时，可将if省，把were, had , should 放主语之前。
13.___it rain tomorrow, we would have put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.(94)
A Were B Should C Would D Will
八、充当地点状语的介词短语放句首，全倒。
In a lecture hall of a university sits a professor.九、在表示愿望的感叹句，倒装。
May our country become rich and strong!
Long live the People's Republic of China!
十、There be 句型，eg,There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….)
There is a man at the door wants to see you.There once lived an old hunter in that house.
第三篇：倒装用法归纳
倒装用法归纳
江苏 仲卫东
倒装是中学阶段的一个重要的语法知识点，也是高考命题热点之一。下面笔者就来谈谈它的用法。
一、完全倒装
完全倒装是把谓语动词完全置于主语前，其中主语必须是名词，若为代词则不倒装，这种结构中谓语部分无助动词（be，do，have）和情态动词，但可以有连系动词 be。须用完全倒装的情况有：
1.当句首为副词 out，in，up，down，off，here，there 等，且主语为名词时，应用完全倒装。如：
In came the doctor.医生进来了。There goes the bell.铃响了。
2.当表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且主语为名词时，应用完全倒装。如： On top of the hill stands a big pine tree.山顶上耸立着一棵大松树。
Under the tree were some children.树下有一些孩子。
3.在 there be 结构中，there 为引导词，be 动词之后为句子的主语，属完全倒装，be 应与主语保持一致。除 be 以外，能与 there 连用的动词还有 seem，exist，happen，appear，live，stand 等。如：
There were a lot of people in the park last Sunday.上周日公园里有很多人。
Once there lived a king who was cruel to his people.从前有一位对人民很残暴的国王。
4.作表语的形容词、过去分词等较短，而主语相对比较长，为了保持句子平衡而将表语前置时，句子的主谓也应完全倒装。如： Typical for China is the crosstalk show, in which two comedians entertain the audiences with words.中国典型的艺术形式是相声，两名演员用言语来逗乐观众。Gone are the days when we Chinese were looked down upon.中国人民被歧视的日子已成为过去。
5.某些表示祝愿的句子也可用完全倒装（或部分倒装）。如： Long live the Chinese Communist Party of China!中国共产党万岁！May you succeed!祝你成功！
二、部分倒装
部分倒装则是将助动词调到主语前，主语可以是名词也可以是代词。通常应使用部分倒装的情况有：
1.当句首为否定或半否定词 never，neither，nor，little，seldom，hardly，scarcely，in no way，few，not，no 等时，应用部分倒装。如： Seldom does he spend his time playing cards.他很少花时间去玩扑克。
Never have I heard of that place before.我以前从未听说过那个地方。
2.only 修饰时间、地点、方式、原因等状语时，应用部分倒装。如： Only in this way can we solve the problem.只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。
Only when you told me did I know her name.直到你告诉我，我才知道她的名字。
注意：如果 only 修饰的不是状语，则句子不倒装。如： Only Uncle Li knows how it happened.只有李叔叔知道这件事是怎么发生的。
3.表示对前者的陈述也适用后者时，肯定倒装用“ so + 助动词／情态动词 + 后者”，否定倒装用“ neither / nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 + 后者”。如： He can speak English, so can I.他会说英语，我也会。
If she doesn't go there tomorrow, neither / nor will I.如果她明天不去那儿，我也不去。
注意“ so + 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”与“ so + 主语 + 助动词 / 情态动词”的区别： 前者表示所说的主语和前面主语的情况一样，所谈到的是两个人或物，意为“„„也是这样”；后者所谈为同一人或物，说话者表示同意前者的观点，意为“的确如此”。如： — Li Lei likes sports.李雷喜欢运动。
— So he does and so do I.他的确喜欢，我也是的。
4.so 及“ so + 形容词 / 副词”置于句首时，应用部分倒装。如： So frightened was he that he didn't dare move.他如此惊慌以至不敢动弹。
So quietly did she speak that we could not hear a word.她说话声音这么低，以至我们一个字也没听到。
5.such 及“ such + 形容词 + 名词”置于句首时，应用部分倒装。如： Such is Zhong Cheng, a kind and helpful student.这就是仲成，一个善良、乐于助人的学生。
Such good players are they that they often win.他们是好队员，所以他们经常获胜。6.由 not only...but also...引起的并列句，若将 not only 置于句首时，该分句应部分倒装，but also 引导的分句不倒装。而由 neither...nor...引起的并列句，两个分句都倒装。如：
Not only did he give me some advice, but also he lent me some money.他不但给我提了建议，而且还借给了我一些钱。
Neither does he watch TV, nor does he see films in the evening.他晚上既不看电视也不看电影。
7.由连接词 No sooner...than，Scarcely...when，Hardly...when 引起的主从复合句，主句应倒装，从句不倒装。如：
No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.他一上床就睡着了。
Hardly had I got into the classroom when it began to rain.我刚一进教室天就下起雨来。
8.not until 引起的时间状语置于句首时，句子的主谓应部分倒装。由 not until 引导的时间状语从句位于句首时，主句应部分倒装，从句语序不变。如： Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown.直到 1998 年他才回到家乡。
Not until Father came back did we begin to have supper last night.昨晚直到父亲回来，我们才开始吃晚饭。
注意：当 not until 引导的状语或状语从句用于强调句型时，句子的主语不倒装。如将上两句改为强调句应为：
It was not until 1998 that he returned to his hometown.It was not until Father came back that we began to have supper last night.9.省略 if 的虚拟条件句，可将 were，had，should 提至主语前。如： Were I you, I would go there tomorrow.要是我是你，我明天就会去那儿。Had you been there, you would have met the manager himself.要是你去了那儿，你就会见到经理本人了。
10.表示时间频率且有肯定意义的词语 often，every day，now and again 等置于句首用来强调时，应用部分倒装。如：
Often does he send me e-mails to greet me.他经常给我发电子信件问候我。
三、主谓不倒装的倒装句
1.as / though 引起让步状语从句，可将表语或状语置于句首，但主谓不颠倒顺序。如： Tired as / though he is, he is still working.尽管他很累，他还是在工作。
Carefully as / though she listened, she didn't catch a word.尽管她听得很仔细，她还是什么也没听到。
若将含有不定冠词修饰的表语提前，则应省去不定冠词 a / an。如： Child as / though he is, he knows a lot.尽管他还是个孩子，却已经懂得很多。
2.however, no matter now 修饰形容词或副词时要前置，用以加强语气，该让步状语从句的主谓不倒装。如：
However hard the problem is, I am determined to work it out.不管这道题有多难，我也决心将它算出来。
No matter how heavily it was raining outside, he insisted going there.不管外面下多大的雨，他也要坚持去那儿。
第四篇：中考英语专题 主谓一致和倒装
主谓一致和倒装
Quiz :改错 句中，从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the（only）、1.Both paper and ink is used up.the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only
2.Eating too much are bad for your health.就用复数形式。
3.This pair of shoes are my brother's.He was one of the students who were late for school.4.Each of the boys have a dictionary.He was the only one of the students who was late for school.5 Every one of the students in Class Two have two books.6.I think maths are very difficult to learn.★3.each, either, neither, another, the other 和由some, any,7.A large number of students has gone to work in Xingjiang.no, every + thing/ one/ body构成的复合不定代词作主语
8.The mother with two children often go to the town.时，谓语动词用单数。
9.Bread and butter are her daily breakfast.e.g.There is something wrong with my computer.10.Nobody know the answer to the question.Everyone is ready for the big dinner.I have two sisters.One is a doctor, the other is a nurse.主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在‘人称’和‘数’方面的一致关系。◆注：each作同位语，谓语动词仍与主语一致。主谓一致遵循以下四种原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原They each have a book.则、就近一致原则和就远一致原则。★4.不定式/动名词（短语）作主语，谓语用单数。
e.g.Doing morning exercises is good for your health.一、语法一致原则（主单→谓单；主复→谓复）
★1． 由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，To teach is to learn.谓语动词用复数。如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用e.g.Both milk and coffee are on sale in Walmart 单数形式；如果表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。supermarket.e.g.To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.Zhang Jie and Xie Na are a couple.To work and to live are two different things but they are ◆但是，⑴and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一
事物或同一概念(and 后无冠词)，谓语动词用单数。always together.e.g.The teacher and writer has come.Bread and butter is the breakfast of the western people.★5.all/most/ part /some/none/half/plenty/a lot/lots/the rest/and所连接的表示同一概念的短语有：a horse and cart 马分数/百分数+of+ n.等短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数车, a knife and fork 刀叉, bread and butter 涂有黄油的取决于of后面的名词的数。此名词可数，则谓语用复数；面包 此名词不可数，则谓语用单数。⑵由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, All of the work has been finished.every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。All of the people have gone.e.g.In our country every boy and every girl has the right to Fifty percent of the apples were bad.receive education.Fifty percent of the water was polluted.Part of the work has been done by us.★2.用one, every one, each one, any one, each, either, Let’s eat the food first.The rest is going to be given to them.neither 等+ of +复数名词/人称代词作主语时，谓语用单
★6.成双成套的词如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, 数。，socks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。e.g.Neither of his parents is a doctor.They are both teachers.scissors◆注：如果这类名词前用了a pair /two pairs等修饰，则谓Every one of the students is studying hard.语与pair的单复数一致。◆注：(1)“both of +复数名词/人称代词”作主语时，谓语用The shoes in the shop are beautiful.A pair of shoes was sold out this morning.复数。Both of them are students.(2)none作主语时如果指人或可数的物，表数目，谓语★7． 由“a/this kind of, many kinds of”或‘n.+ of this 动词用单复数形式皆可；如果指不可数名词，表量，谓kind’，以及由与kind 意义相似的type, sort 等词构成的语动词用单数。类似短语作主语时，谓语与of前的名词保持一致。e.g.None of the students have made mistakes this time.A kind of birds has been discovered by them.Machines of this kind are very useful.None of us is/are interested in your new subject.(3)在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语★8.a number of后面加复数名词或代词，谓语用复数形动词的数应与先行词的数一致。式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用但在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从单数。
The number of the students in our school is over 20 thousand.A number of students are coming to our school to learn English.★9.倒装句中谓语单复数要看其后面的主语。There comes the bus.Between the two buildings is a supermarket.二、意义一致原则（主语表单数概念→谓语单数；主语表复数概念→谓语复数）★1.主语表事物的总称，若指有生命的集合体，如people, police, staff，cattle, crew等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。The police are looking for the missing boy.主语表事物的总称，若指无生命的集合体，如traffic, clothing, fruit, equipment等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
★2.复数形式、单数意义的名词作主语
(1)有些词形似复数，实为单数，其作主语时谓语用单数.常见的有：抽象名词news，学科名词maths，physics，politics，报纸、杂志名The New York Times,专有名词James, the United States等
The United States was founded in 1776.Physics is my favorite subject.The New York Times sells well all over the United States.◆但clothes, goods(货物), works(著作)，the Olympics等词或短语作主语时，谓语用复数。
The Olympics are held every four years.His works are translated into so many languages that you can find it in many bookshops easily.(2)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词或短语作主语时，应将它们看作一整体，谓语用单数。Ten years is a long time.Five million dollars is a lot of money.★3.“the +形容词”表一类人（如the poor，the rich，the young，the old，the dead，the sick，the brave 等）作主语，谓语用复数；The rich are not always happy.若“the +形容词”表一种抽象概念或品质，谓语用单数。The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.★4.“the +姓氏的复数”（表一家人）作主语时，谓语用复数。
The Greens are watching TV.★5.集体名词family, class, team, group ,government, audience, crowd, company等若表整体概念时，谓语用单数；若表每一个成员时，谓语用复数。
Her family is a large one.Now the whole family are having dinner in the dinning room ◆注：population表“人口”时，谓语用单数；若population受分数、百分数修饰表“居民”时，谓语用复数。The population of China is about 1.4 billion.Two thirds of the population in China are farmers.★6.疑问代词作主语时，其谓语也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语用单数。
Who is your brother?Who are League members?
★7.what 从句作主语时，表示单数意义，则谓语用单数；表示复数意义，谓语用复数。
What we need is more time.What they need are books.★8.many a ＋单数名词(许多„„)； more than one ＋单数名词(不止一„„)作主语，尽管意思是复数，但谓语动词还是用单数。Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.◆注： “more than +基数词＋复数名词”结构或“more ＋复数名词＋ than one做主语时，谓语用复数。
More than twenty students are playing football on the playground.More members than one are against your plan.★9.算式中的主谓一致
（1）两数相加、相乘：此时谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。E.g.Fifteen and five is/are twenty.Five times six is / are thirty.(2)两数相减、相除；此时谓语用单数 e.g.Fifteen minus five is/ leaves ten.Fifteen divided by five is / makes three.三、就近一致原则（谓语与离它最近的主语保持一致）由连词not…but…, or, either…or, neither…nor,not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，谓语采用就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。There be句型、以here be开头的句子谓语也采用就近一致原则。Not you but he is to blame.Not only students but also their teacher is against the plan.Neither you nor I am a student.There is an apple and three oranges on the table.There are three oranges and an apple on the table.四、就远一致原则 主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，as well as，but ,except, besides, like，including, rather than, in addition to等引导的介词短语+其它名词时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
The women with two children is my aunt.Everyone here, including children and old people, is for the plan.Mary, along with her boyfriend, goes climbing every Sunday.常考点
1.用one, every one, each one, any one, each, either,neither 等+ of +复数名词/人称代词作主语
2.由连词not…but…, or, either…or, neither…nor,not
only…but also,等连接的并列主语，谓语采用就近一致原则。
3.all/most/ part /some/none/half/plenty/a lot/lots/ the rest/
分数/百分数+of+ n.等短语作主语时。
4.主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，as
well as，but, like，including等引导的介词短语+其它名词时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
5.people, police, staff，cattle, crew等作主语时，谓语动
词要用复数。
6.集体名词family, class, team, group ,government,audience, crowd, company等表整体/成员时。
7.成双成套的词如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks,scissors，socks等作主语。
8.a number of和 the number of后面加复数名词或代词
作主语。
9.由“a/this kind of, many kinds of”或‘n.+ of this kind’
短语作主语时，谓语与of前的名词保持一致。
10.表时间、金钱、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词或短语
作主语时，看作一整体，谓语用单数。11.“the +形容词”作主语，谓语用复数。12.and连接的并列主语指同一概念
C．has been2．Look!There ___ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.B．are a number of deers C．is a number of deerD．is a number of deers 3．Both Lily and Lucy ________ to the party yesterday.A．invitedB．was invited C．had invited4．Eachofthestudents______ adictionary.A.haveB.isC.are
5．How time flies!Ten years ________ passed.A.haveC.isD.are
6．Not only his parents but also his brother ________to the Summer Palace.They haven’t been back.A.have beenB.have goneC.has been7．Look!There _______ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.B.are a number of deersC.is a number of deerD.is a number of deers 8．The Smiths ______ sending e-mails _______ letters, because it is faster．
B．prefer，to write C．prefers，to writingD．prefers，to write 9．Everyone except Bill and Jim ______there when the meeting began.B.isC.areD.were
10．Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now． A．wereC．areD.was 11．Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city.Everything ______.A.are changedB.was changedD.had changed
12.The Olympic Games _______ held every______ years.A.is，fourC.is，fiveD.are，five 13.Look, there come some _______.A.dogB.horseD.cow
14.The injured in the tsunami _____ good care of by some medical teams.解题误区：
一、误认主语 1.倒装句
(误填are)
2.主语后带介词for health.(误填are)
3.“one of +名词复数”作主语。4.定语从句中
(误填was)
(误填were)
二、被主语表象迷惑
1.看似复数实为单数physics, maths, news.2.看似单数实为复数police, staff, cattle 3.单复同形Are there any sheep on the farm.4.集合名词作主语 class, team, family
三、主语想当然
1.表时间、金钱、距离、价格等的名词或短语作主
语
Two days is a minute for him when he is with his girlfriend.(误填are)
2.就近一致和就远一致中的主语确定
练习
1．Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace.They haven’t been back.A．have beenB．have gone
A.is takenA.are;areB.is;isD.are;isC.are takingD.is being taken 30.My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____ blue.15.It is not J.K.Rowling but her works that _____ us A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isexcited.31.------Two months _______ quite a long time.A.makesD.are made------Yes.I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.16.On the closet _____ a pair of trousers his parents boughtB.areC.wasD.were for his birthday.32.He is one of the boys who _____ here on time.He is the A.lyingC.lieD.is laid only one of the boys who _____ here on time.17.Each man and each woman _____ asked to help when theA.has come;have comefire broke out.C.has come;has comeD.have come;have comeA.isC.areD.were 33.Either you or he _____ interested in playing chess._____ 18.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south;you or he fond of music at present?
the rest of them _____ from thenorth and foreign countries.C.are;IsD.is;IsA.are;isB.is;isC.is;are34.Many a professor _____ looking forward to visiting 19.They said the eighteenth and last lesson _____ quite easy.Germany now.Many scientists _____ studied animals andA.isC.areD.were plants in the last two years.20.---When are you going to Kunming for your holidays?B.is;hasC.are;haveD.is;are---I haven’t decided.___ this Sunday ___ next Sunday is OK.35.A knife and a fork _____ on the table.A knife and fork A.Both;and_____ on the table.C.Neither;ofD.Not only;but alsoA.is;isB.are;areD.is;are21.The paper for books and new papers ___ made of wood.36.Her family _____ much larger than mine four years ago.A.areC.hasD.have Her family _____ dancing and singing when I came in last 22.Not only my brother but also I______ good at painting.night.Both of us ______good painters.A.are...areC.is...isD.are...is 37.The box of rubbers ____ white.23._______ of them has his own opinion.B．areC．beD．were A.BothB.SomeC.Every38.The writer and teacher ____ coming now.24.Are there any _______ in the zoo?B．areC．hasD．haveA.horseB.duckC.chicken39.The old man has two children but _____ of them lives 25.One-third of the area _____ covered with green trees.with him.About seventy percent of the trees _____ been planted.A.bothB.noneD.all
A.are;haveB.is;hasD.are;has40.How and why Jack came to China _____unknown.When
and where to build the new library _____ not been decided.26.The number of teachers in our college _____ greatly
D.are;have
increased last term.A number of teachers in this school _____ from the countryside.D.were;is27.What _____ the population of China? One-third of the population _____ workers here.B.are;areC.is;isD.are;is28.Not only he but also we _____ right.He as well as we _____ right.A.are;areC.is;isD.is;are 29.What he’d like _____ a digital watch.What she’d like _____ textbooks.
第五篇：英语词汇学教材建设及选用
《英语词汇学》教材建设及选用,《英语词汇学》课程是我院为大三的学生开设的一门限定性选修课。就目前来看我国的英语词汇学的教材建设伴随着英语词汇学学科的壮大而不断发展。
我国的英语词汇学教材建设始于20世纪50年代。1951年,北京外国语大学的前身外国语学校在英语系建立基础英语、口语、翻译、词汇4个专业教研组。1956年2月在院长顾问、苏联专家杜陆尼娜的指导下,英文系率先开出一些语言理论课程:语言史(刘世沐)、词汇学(许国璋)、文体论(王佐良)、理论语法(程镇球)②。从外国语学校开始,国内不少的高校都逐步开设了英语词汇学课程。我国最早的词汇学教材就是从苏联引进的。最早使用的是苏联的英语词汇学原版教材或者使用自编讲义,后来在1959年由彭京将,Е•ф••伏尔诺(苏)等著的《英语词汇学》译成中文出版,这是我国第一本正式出版的英语词汇学教材。1960翻译出版了N••拉耶芙斯卡娅(苏)著的《英语词汇学引论》。英语词汇学在我国作为一门高校英语专业课程历史悠久,但是很长时间里,没有自己正式出版的教材,使用的教材多是采用苏联的教材,或者自编教材。1983年,我国第一部英语词汇学专著《实用英语词汇学》(汪榕培、李冬编著,辽宁人民出版社出版)问世,从而填补了在我国英语界的一个空白。其后,我国词汇学研究日趋繁荣,英语词汇学教材大量涌现。1983年陆国强先生的《现代英语词汇学》、1985年林福美先生的《现代英语词汇学》、1986年张韵斐、周锡卿的《现代英语词汇学概论》、1987年林承樟的《英语词汇学引论》相继出版。
近几年出现了很多新的《英语词汇学教程》，我院所选用的教材是汪榕培主编的《英语词汇学教程》并辅以林承璋的《A study of Lexicology》因为这两本书一本中文，一本英文，能帮助学生们更好地理解英语词汇学中所学的知识，并能够将中文与英文相对应。
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