第一篇:教案1(倒装结构)
教案
(试讲人:张金艳)
教学日期: 教学对象: 教学时间: 教学目标:掌握倒装结构及其用法; 教学重点及难点:部分倒装及其用法; 教学内容: 1.全部倒装及其用法; 2.部分倒装及其用法;
3.as, though 引导的倒装句; 4.其他部分倒装;
教学步骤: Reviewing: 略
Main content:
一、全部倒装及其用法
全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时或用于SV(A)/SVO/SV(C)三个句式结构中,常见的结构有:
1.here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如:
1)There, at the summit, stood the castle in its medieval splendor.(A)[A] V S 2)Then came the chairman.(A)V S 3)Here comes the bus.(A)V S 4)In went the sun and down came the rain.[A] V S [A] V S 5)“Go away!” said one child;“And don’t come back!” growled another.(O)V S(O)V S 6)Equally inexplicable was his behavior towards his son.(C)V S 2.表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。例如:
1)The door burst open and in rushed the crowd.(A)V S 2)Ahead sat an old woman.(A)V S 注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装,这是因为代词的分量很弱,不能位于句子末尾。例如:
1)Here he comes.他来了。
2)Away they went.他们走了。
3.拟声动词位于句首,谓语动词常用come, go.例如: 1)Bang!Bang!came three reports of firecrackers.2)Click-click went the old o’clock.二、部分倒装及其用法
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1.句首为否定或半否定的词语或带有否定意义的词,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until, nowhere, scarcely, barely, at no time, not only, not once, under on condition, hardly … when, no sooner …than …等。例如:
1)Never have I seen such a performance.2)Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.3)Scarcely had he started speaking when heckling broke out.4)Seldom had I seen her so upset.5)Little did I think a few years ago that I would be so lucky to marry a pretty girl.6)Under no circumstances must the switch be left on.7)By no means will I take it as feasible.8)On no account will he accept it as reasonable.9)Only in this way is it possible to explain their action.注意:如果only引导的句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.10)Not a single book had he read that month.11)In no other country do so many newspapers devote so large proportion of their spaces.12)Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.注意:当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如:
a)I have never seen such a performance.b)The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.13)Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.14)No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.15)Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.注意:只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。例如:
Not only you but also I am fond of music.我和你都喜欢音乐。2.表示“也”、“也不” 的so, neither, nor放在句首时,句子作部分倒装。例如:
1)Tom can speak French.So can Jack.2)If you won't go, neither will I.3)He hasn’t met them before and nor has Mary.注意: 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。例如:
1)Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.2)---It's raining hard.---So it is.句型:A is B, so is C.表C也是
A is B, so A is.表确实如此
3.表示频度的副词,如thus, many a time, often等位于句首时,句子作部分倒装。例如:
Thus began a journey the end of which would never come.Many a time has Mike given me good advice.Often did we go for walks together.4.在比较从句中,如果主语不是人称代词,句子可作部分倒装。例如:
Oil costs less than would atomic energy.I spent much more money than did my friends.She was as delighted with the suggestion as were the other classmates.三、as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。此时应注意:1)句首名词不能带任何冠词;2)句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如:
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意: 让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。
四、其他部分倒装
1.so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。例如:
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2.在某些表示祝愿的句型中,例如:
May you all be happy.3.在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。例如:
Were I you, I would try it again.Had I known the result, I would not have told her about the matter.Should you change your mind, please let me know.Be you poor or rich, I’ll follow you wherever you go.巩固练习:
1.Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.A.didn't I realize B.did I realize C.I didn't realize D.I realized 2.Only by practicing a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.A.you can B.can you C.you will D.will you 3.If you don't go, neither ____.A.shall I
B.do I
C.I do
D.I shall 4.No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left.A.had I got,when B.I had got,than
C.had I got,than D.did I get,when 5.----Your father is very strict with you.----____.He never lets off a single mistake of ours.A.So he is B.So is he C.He is so D.So does he 6.____ today, he would get there by Sunday.A.Would he leave B.Was he leaving C.Were he to leave D.If he leave 7.Never in my life ____ such a thing.A.I have heard or have seen B.have I heard or seen C.I have heard or seen D.did I hear or see 8.----Here ____!Where is Xiao Liu?----There ____.A.comes the bus,is he B.comes the bus,he is C.the bus comes,is he D.the bus comes,he is 9.____ , I will not buy it.A.Much as do I like it B.As much I like it C.Much as I like it D.As I like it much
10.----I like football.I don't like volleyball.----____.A.So do I B.Neither do I C.So it is with me D.So is it with me
11._____ the expense, I _____ to Italy.A.If it were not,go
B.Were it not for,would go C.Weren't it for,will go
D.If it hadn t been,would have gone 12.So _____ in the darkness that he didn' t dare to move an inch.A.he was frightened
B.was he frightened C.frightened he was D.frightened was he
13.-In modem times,girls like beautiful clothes.-Yes,_____ and boys.After all,our life has greatly improved.A.so do they; so do you
B.so they do; so you do
C.so do they; so you do
D.so they do; so do you
14.-You have an English class every day except Sunday.---_____.A.So we have B.So we do C.So have we
D.So do we
15.1 wonder if your wife will go to the ball.If your wife _____,so _____ mine.A.does; will B.will; does C.will; would
D.does; do 16.Only after I read the text over again _____ its main idea.A.that I knew
B.did I knew C.1 could know
D.I did know 17.-You seem to have learned all the English words by heart.A.So I do
B.So do I
C.So I have
D.So have I 18.-I seldom watch TV,but listen to the radio a lot.A.So do I
B.Neither do I C.I m the same D.So it is with me 19.So excited _____ that he couldn't say a word.A.he seemed
B.did he seem C.was he seeming
D.he did look 20.Jimmy was so nervous not a single word _____ down in the dictation.A.he wrote
B.he was written C.did he write D.was he written 21.Little ______ when 1 took the trip where it would lead me.A.have I known
B.had I known C.do 1 know
D.did I know A.No,I never have seen anything like that before B.No,never I have seen anything like that before C.No,never have 1 seen anything like that before D.No,I have seen anything like that before never 23._____,1 would accept the invitation and go to the party.A.Were I you
B.Was I you C.Had I been you
D.Would 1 be you 24.You should work less _____.A.and neither should I B.and so should I C.and nor should I D.and so I should
22.-Have you ever seen anything like that before?_____.A.Neither can t I
B.Neither I can C.I can't neither D.Neither can I
40.-You ought to have given them some advice-_____,but who cared what I asked? A.So ought you B.So 1 ought C.So it was
D.So I did
41.So carelessly _____ that he almost killed himself.A.he drives
B.does he drive C.did he drive
D.he drove
42.Little _____ about his own health though he was very ill.A.he cared B.did he care C.he cares D.does he care
43.Well ____ know him and well ____ know me.A.I did; he did B.did I; he did C.did I; did he D.I did; did he 44.No sooner ____ they rushed out into the street.A.did they hear the news than B.did they hear the news when C.had they heard the news than D.had they heard the news when
45.Little wonder _____ up their hands in dismay.A.have some thrown B.some have thrown C.thrown some have
D.have thrown some
46._____,he would have passed the exam.A.If he were to study B.If he studied hard
C.Had he studied hard D.Should he study hard
47.We were lucky enough,for no sooner _____ home _____ it rained.A.we returned; and
B.we had returned; when C.did we return; when
D.had we returned; than 48.So little _____ agree on the plan that they could not settle their difference.A.did they
B.do they C.they did
D.they did not 49._____ he realized it was too late to return home.A.No sooner it grew dark than B.Hardly did it grow dark when C.It was not until dark that D.It was until dark that
参考答案
1~5 BDACA 6~10 CBBCC 11~15 BDDBA 16~20 BADBC 21~25 DCABC
26~30 ADABA 31~35 CBDAD 36~40 DBADD 41~45 CBCCB 46~49 CDAC
Homework: 巩固倒装句所有知识点,并做相应练习
第二篇:文言倒装句式复习教案
文言倒装句式复习教案
古代汉语和现代汉语的句法大致相同,由于语言的发展和演变,也存在一些差异。掌握有别于现代汉语的常见文言句式,是文言文阅读所必需的能力。
先来看一下07年考试大纲的一些叙述。„„ 第一种形式就是直接考句式的极少,一般都是以第二种形式出现。我们今天主要就是通过具体语境来掌握这四种倒装句式。大家先完成讲义(后附)第一大题的24道题目,根据已有的知识快速判断它们分别是何种类型的倒装句,其标志是什么?语序如何调整?
文言句式之倒装句练习
一、翻译下列倒装句式,并说明类别。
1、句读之不知,惑之不解。(《师说》)
2、古之人不余欺也。(《石钟山记》)
• 否定句中宾语代词前置,必须具备两个条件:第一,宾语必须是代词,第二,全句必须是否定句,即必须有否定副词“不、未、毋(无)”等或表示否定的不定代词“莫”。代词宾语要放在动词之前否定词之后。如:“相如度秦王虽斋,决(必定)负约(违背约定)不偿城.”就不是宾语前置句。
3、吾谁欺?欺天乎?(《论语•子罕》)
在疑问句中,疑问代词(安、何、谁、“奚”、曷、胡、恶、焉、孰等)作宾语,一般提前到动词(或介词)前。
4、项伯„„私见张良,具告以事。(《鸿门宴》)
状语后置就是介宾短语后置,现代汉语中,介词结构常常放在动词前作状语,古代汉语里将介宾短语放在动词后面作补语。(介宾短语如果放在动词后面的就是状语后置句)
5、甚矣,汝之不惠!(《愚公移山》)你的不聪明也太过分啦!
6、余虽与晋出入,余唯利是视。(《左传》)用“之”“是”提宾后,又常常在前置的宾语前加上副词“唯”,以强调语气,构成“唯„„是(之)„„”的格式。翻译时调顺语序,“是(之)”不译,“唯”译为“只”,有时也可不译。
7、唯余马首是瞻。(《左传•襄公十四年》)译:只看我的马头行动。
(插06年广东卷)疑问句中代词作宾语,宾语要前置提到介词前。(仲由)
8、人马烧溺死者甚众。(《赤壁之战》)
9、求人可使报(回复、答复)秦者,未得。(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)
10、我无尔诈,尔无我虞。(《左传•宣公十五年》)代词位置在哪儿?
11、每自比管仲、乐毅,时人莫之许也。(《隆中对》)
12、譬若以肉投馁虎,何功之有哉?
13、蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强。(《劝学》)
14、竹床一,坐以之;木榻一,卧以之。(06年江西卷)
15、佚之狐言于郑伯。(《烛之武退秦师》)
16、马之千里者,一食或尽黍一石。(《马说》)
17、安在公子能急人之困也!(《信陵君窃符救赵》)
18、时不我待(成语)
19、良曰:“长于臣。”(《鸿门宴》)20、村中少年好事者驯养一虫。(《促织》)
21、缙绅而能不易其志者,四海之大,有几人欤?(《五人墓碑记》)
22、火烈风猛,船往如箭。(《赤壁之战》)
23、并以为国人之读兹编者勖。(《黄花岗七十二烈士事略序》)
24、不识吾子奚以知之?(04年广东卷15题(2))
从单个句子中我们大致了解了倒装类型及特点后,那在具体的语段中是否也能找出倒装句子?完成第二大题。
二、语段练习:
1、晋平公与群臣饮酒,饮酣,乃喟然叹曰:“莫乐为人君!惟其言而莫之违。”师旷侍坐于前,援琴撞之。公被衽而走避,琴坏于壁。公曰:“太师谁撞?”师旷曰:“今者有小人言于侧者,故撞之。”公曰:“寡人也。”师旷曰:“哑,是非人君者之言也。”左右请除之。公曰:“释之,以为寡人戒。” 1)、从文中找出两个宾语前置句: 2)、从文中找出一个状语后置句:
译:晋平公和大臣们一起喝酒,正喝着高兴时,晋平公感叹地说:“没有人乐意做国君,只有他的话没人敢违背它。”师旷陪坐在平公面前,举琴撞向他,公披着衣服躲避,琴被撞坏在墙上了。晋平公问:“太师,你撞谁?”师旷说:“现在有小人在旁边说话,所以就撞了他。”平公说:“(说话的人)是我啊。”师旷说:“这不是人君该说的话。”侍从们请求赶走他。平公说:“ 放了他吧,把他作为对我的警戒吧。”
2、翻译划横线的句子。(创新P302第七题)五官莫明于目,面有黑子,而目不知,乌在其为明也?„„客有任目而恶镜者,曰:“是好苦我,吾自有目,乌用镜为?久之,视世所称美人,鲜当意者,而不知己面之黑子,泰然谓美莫己若。左右匿笑,客终不悟,悲夫!译:五官中没有哪一个比眼睛更明察的,脸面上有黑点,眼睛却看不到,它的明察表现在哪里呢? „„有人因有眼睛而讨厌镜子,说:“这(镜子)使我好痛苦,我自己有眼睛,要镜子有什么用?”久而久之,看世间所赞许的美人,很少合自己意的,却不知道自己脸上的黑点,安然自得地认为没有谁比得上自己漂亮。周边的人都偷偷的笑(他),他却一直不能醒悟,可悲呀!
三、巩固练习:
1、金玉之贱,人民是宝。(2001年上海卷)宾前 译: 把金玉看得低贱,把人民当作宝贝。
2、诸侯之礼,我未之学也。(《孟子•滕文公上》)宾前
3、今战士还者及关羽水军精甲万人。定后
4、贤哉,回也!(《论语•雍也》)谓前 多么高尚啊,颜回!
5、微斯人,吾谁与归?(《岳阳楼记》)宾前
6、父母唯其疾之忧。宾前
7、求!无乃尔是过与?(《论语•季氏将伐颛臾》)宾前
8、率谢庄少年之精技击者百人。戎狄是膺(抗击),荆舒是惩。(《孟子》)宾前
9、日月逝矣,岁不我与。(《论语•阳货》)宾前 时间一天天地流逝,再也不会有更多的光阴给我。
10、保民而王,莫之能御也。宾前
安抚老百姓而称王天下,便没有谁能抵御他了
11、国胡以相恤?(《论积贮疏》)宾前
国家用什么来救济老百性呢?
12、子何恃而往。宾前
13、与其得罪于能陟我、黜我之君王,不如忍怨于无若我何之百姓。(07年江西卷)状后 译:与其从能够提升我、能够罢免我的君王(那里)获罪,不如在不能把我怎么样的百姓(那里)忍受怨恨。
14、使负栋之柱,多于南亩之农夫。
15、所谓诚其意者,毋自欺也。(《礼记•大学》)宾前
16、亦雁荡具体而微者。(《雁荡山》)定后
17、子归,何以报我?(《左传•成公三年》)
18、太子及宾客知其事者,皆白衣冠以送之。(《荆轲刺秦王》)定后 太子和知道这件事的的宾客们,都穿着白衣戴着白帽来为荆轲送行。
19、甚矣,乌纱之横,皂吏之俗。(《虎丘记》)谓前 20、饰以篆文山龟鸟兽之形。状后
21、君子博学而日参省乎己。
22、唯陈言之务去。宾前
23、唯弈秋之为听。(《孟子•告子上》)宾前
24、君亡之不恤,而群臣是忧。(《左传·僖公十五年》)宾前
25、秉国之均,四方是维。(《毛诗》)宾前
26、戎狄是膺,荆舒是惩。(《孟子》)
27、世溷浊而莫余知也,吾方高驰而不顾。(《涉江》)宾前
28、自县为近畿大郡,近代未之有也。(06年全国卷一11题(2))宾前 译:从县令升任京城附近的大郡长官,近代从未有过这样的事。
29、带长铗之陆离兮,冠切云之崔嵬。《离骚》)30、(宋濂)尝与客饮,帝密使人侦视。翌日问濂:“昨饮酒否?坐客为谁?馔何物?”濂具以实对。笑曰:“诚然,卿不朕欺。”主事茹太素上书万余言。帝怒,问廷臣。或指其书曰:“此不敬,此诽谤非法。”问濂,对曰:“彼尽忠于陛下耳,陛下方开言路,恶可深罪?”既而帝览其书,有足采者。悉召廷臣诘责,因呼濂字曰:“微景濂,几误罪言者。”
译: 宋濂曾和客人一起宴饮,皇帝暗中派人察看。第二天(皇帝)问宋濂:“昨天饮酒了吗?座中的人客人是谁?下酒菜是什么?”宋濂把实情全都禀报了(皇帝)。(皇帝)笑着说:“的确这样,你没有骗我。”主事茹太素上奏章一万多字。皇帝大怒,询问朝中的臣子。有人指着茹太素的奏章说:“这里不敬,这里的批评不合法制。”(皇帝)问宋濂,回答说:“他只是对陛下尽忠罢了,陛下正广开言路,怎么能够重责他呢?”不久皇帝看茹太素的奏章,有什得采纳的内容。把朝臣都招来斥责,于是口呼宋濂的字说:“(如果)没有景濂,(我)几乎错误地怪罪进谏的人。” 倒装句知识总结(课件)
课后完成讲义当中没有做好的内容!附:
★感想:教师完全沉浸在自己的思想里,而看不到学生是怎样感知他的讲述的。表面上看来一切都很顺利,学生在听讲,在思考,然而到了这节课结束时才发现,只有几个最有才能的学生对所学的东西有一点似懂非懂的观念,而班上的大多数学生却毫无所得。应该是:教师始终注视着学生理解知识的过程。他用不着等到下课后再去了解学生是否领会了所教的内容。他在课堂上就能看也学生的脑力劳动的情况。他一边思考自己所讲的东西和让学生理解的东西的含义,同时还在思考自己的教育技巧中一个最重要的问题:在自己所做的事情跟所收到的效果之间有着怎样的依存性?
★思考:课后调查发现:
1、效率不高。因为基础的薄弱,对倒装句式仍是云里雾里,一知半解。本来就对句式掌握不错的学生,可能会通过找标志的方法,更清楚了倒装结构并准确归类。但对于语法知识近于零概念的大部分学生来说,这堂课收获甚微。
2、课堂气氛不够。高三复习没有活跃的课堂气氛,似乎很正常。但是,如果语文学习仅仅只是一个知识的讲堂,做题的赛场,那么学生的学习动力何在,仅仅“个人前途”何以激发、推动他们?我认为即使到了高三,一定的活跃气氛仍然是需要的。只要是语文课,不管是复习课还是新授课,都要遵循语文教学的一般规律。教师需要用精彩的导入激发学生火热的激情,用积极的对话互动让学生保持学习主体的地位,用生动幽默的话语活跃课堂气氛,用有趣的课堂活动激发学习语文的不竭动力。
3、师生互动不足。因为经验不足,为完成事先准备的课堂任务,时常在教学提问环节不作选择地提醒学生,以便学生迅速地作出回答。表面上看,学生掌握得差不多了,回答很准确,互动很成功。实际上,那是我“扇”动的结果,课后学生对剩下的一些练习仍无所适从。★讲义
文言句式之倒装句练习
一、翻译下列倒装句式,并说明类别。
1、句读之不知,惑之不解。(《师说》)
2、古之人不余欺也。(《石钟山记》)
3、吾谁欺?欺天乎?(《论语•子罕》)
4、项伯„„私见张良,具告以事。(《鸿门宴》)
5、甚矣,汝之不惠!(《愚公移山》)
6、余虽与晋出入,余唯利是视。(《左传》)
7、唯余马首是瞻。(《左传•》)
8、人马烧溺死者甚众。(《赤壁之战》)
9、求人可使报秦者,未得。(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)
10、我无尔诈,尔无我虞。(《左传》)
11、每自比管仲、乐毅,时人莫之许也。(《隆中对》)
12、譬若以肉投馁虎,何功之有哉?(《信陵君窃符救赵》)
13、蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强。(《劝学》)
14、竹床一,坐以之;木榻一,卧以之。(06年江西卷)
15、佚之狐言于郑伯。(《烛之武退秦师》)
16、马之千里者,一食或尽黍一石。(《马说》)
17、安在公子能急人之困。(《信陵君窃符救赵》)
18、时不我待(成语)
19、良曰:“长于臣。”(《鸿门宴》)20、村中少年好事者驯养一虫。(《促织》)
21、缙绅而能不易其志者,四海之大,有几人欤?(《五人墓碑记》)
22、火烈风猛,船往如箭。(《赤壁之战》)
23、并以为国人之读兹编者勖。(《黄花岗七十二烈士事略序》)
24、不识吾子奚以知之?(04年广东卷15题(2))
二、语段练习:
1、晋平公与群臣饮酒,饮酣,乃喟然叹曰:“莫乐为人君!惟其言而莫之违。”师旷侍坐于前,援琴撞之。公被衽而走避,琴坏于壁。公曰:“太师谁撞?”师旷曰:“今者有小人言于侧者,故撞之。”公曰:“寡人也。”师旷曰:“哑,是非人君者之言也。”左右请除 4 之。公曰:“释之,以为寡人戒。” 1)、从文中找出两个宾语前置句: 2)、从文中找出一个状语后置句:
2、翻译划横线的句子。(创新P302第七题)五官莫明于目,面有黑子,而目不知,乌在其为明也?„„客有任目而恶镜者,曰:“是好苦我,吾自有目,乌用镜为?久之,视世所称美人,鲜当意者,而不知己面之黑子,泰然谓美莫己若。左右匿笑,客终不悟,悲夫!
三、巩固练习:
1、金玉之贱,人民是宝。(2001年上海卷)
2、诸侯之礼,我未之学也。(《孟子•滕文公上》)
3、今战士还者及关羽水军精甲万人。
4、贤哉,回也!(《论语•雍也》)
5、微斯人,吾谁与归?(《岳阳楼记》)
6、父母唯其疾之忧。
7、求!无乃尔是过与?(《论语•季氏将伐颛臾》)
8、率谢庄少年之精技击者百人。
9、日月逝矣,岁不我与。(《论语•阳货》)
10、保民而王,莫之能御也。
11、国胡以相恤?(《论积贮疏》)
12、子何恃而往。
13、与其得罪于能陟我、黜我之君王,不如忍怨于无若我何之百姓。(07年江西卷)
14、使负栋之柱,多于南亩之农夫。
15、所谓诚其意者,毋自欺也。(《礼记•大学》)
16、亦雁荡具体而微者。(《雁荡山》)
17、子归,何以报我?
18、太子及宾客知其事者,皆白衣冠以送之。(《荆轲刺秦王》)
19、甚矣,乌纱之横,皂吏之俗。(《虎丘记》)20、饰以篆文山龟鸟兽之形。
21、君子博学而日参省乎己。
22、唯陈言之务去。(《答李翊书》)
23、唯弈秋之为听。(《孟子•告子上》)
24、君亡之不恤,而群臣是忧。(《左传》)
25、吏二缚一人诣王。
26、戎狄是膺,荆舒是惩。(《孟子》)
27、世溷浊而莫余知也,吾方高驰而不顾。(《涉江》)
28、自县为近畿大郡,近代未之有也。(06年全国卷一11题(2))
29、带长铗之陆离兮,冠切云之崔嵬。《离骚》)30、(宋濂)尝与客饮,帝密使人侦视。翌日问濂:“昨饮酒否?坐客为谁?馔何物?”濂具以实对。笑曰:“诚然,卿不朕欺。”主事茹太素上书万余言。帝怒,问廷臣。或指其书曰:“此不敬,此诽谤非法。”问濂,对曰:“彼尽忠于陛下耳,陛下方开言路,恶可深罪?”既而帝览其书,有足采者。悉召廷臣诘责,因呼濂字曰:“微景濂,几误罪言者。” 译:
第三篇:英语倒装
英语倒装
倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。
1.完全倒装
1)完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。
例如:In came the teacher and the class began.(老师走了进来,然后开始上课。)
2)there引出的完全倒装句:除了最常见的there be句型以外,there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等,一般都译成“有”的含义,构成完全倒装句。
例如:There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。)
3)由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头,后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.4)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
Out he rushed.注意: 1)在here, there引出的倒装句中,当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句,但当主语是代词时,就要用部分倒装句。
例:Here comes the postman!(邮递员终于来了!注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。)Here we are.(我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。)
2)当主语是代词,谓语是系动词,表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时,可以使用完全倒装句,起强调作用。
例:Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.(他真幸运,被一所名牌大学录取了。)
Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.(中国典型的是相声表演,两个喜剧演员通过文字游戏逗乐观众)
2.部分倒装
1)部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about(疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活)
2)以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法:
例:Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。)In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.(据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化)
3)以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。
Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.4)一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。
注意:在部分倒装句中,只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前,其它部分都要置于主语之后。
5)此外,一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装,这些结构包括at no time;by no means;for no reason;in no case;in/under no circumstances;in no sense;in no way;on no account;on no consideration;at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.注意:
a)如果含有从句时,只要求主句倒装: 例:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.(只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。)b)如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分,不用倒装:
例: It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.(直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。)
c)如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时,意义类似almost no/ not/ never(几乎不、从不),则无须倒装。
例:Hardly any people having been invited went there.(几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。)
7)由as though引导的部分倒装句:
a)当as作为比较意义时,即用于as + adj./ adv.+ as结构中时,如果把第一个as省略掉,就形成部分倒装句。
例:Cautious as the rest of her family(was), she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.(正如她家里人一样谨慎小心,她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。)She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit(ran).(她跑上楼去,跑得象兔子那么快!)b)当 as引导让步状语时,和although, though一样,当用作“尽管”之义时,可以用于部分倒装句。
Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(虽然他很用功,但他还是没及格)
c)表示原因时,为了强调起见,也可以倒装。
例:Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.(因为他太累了,我们决定不打扰他。)d)等于so时,意义是“也,也是”
例:She worked hard, so/ as did her husband.(她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力。)
3.so, neither, nor倒装
除了构成上述倒装句以外,还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话,构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。
a)当so表示“也,相同,那样”时,通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容,要求使用完全倒装句:
He promised to finish my homework, so did I.b)so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分:例:So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.c)也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调,例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人)
d)neither和nor共有4种倒装形式,其含义分别为:
1)完全倒装时:表示“也不”,和上文a)用法正好相反,表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。
例:You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I.(你不知道现在该做什么,我也不知道。)
2)和其它否定副词连用,表示“也(不)”,也要求用完全倒装句:
例:The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they.(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)
注意:若把这句话改成:“The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)”就不必倒装。
She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.3)用在肯定句里,构成一般否定倒装:
例:All that is true, nor must we forget it.(那全都是真的,我们可不能忘记。)
4.部分倒装
有承上启下作用,表示同意和赞同:
例:A: I couldn't do anything for her.(我帮不了她。)
B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.(你是不能帮她,但你本可以找人帮她的。)
2)在进行比较的句子里,如果主语不是代词时,可以倒装:
例:America consumes more energy than did our country.(美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。)
3)在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。如May you happy.4)在文学作品中常出现倒装,有些是由于语法习惯,有些是为了简单的修辞,如Not even one cloud will I bring away(不带走一片云彩).5.不用倒装的地方
注:如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装.Only Wang Ling knows this.如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的,而且主语是名词时,用倒装结构;主语是代词时,一般不用倒装。
“ Let' go ,” said the man.倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1)句首为否定或半否定的词语如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等 Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题
1)Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A.is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted
C.smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit
2)Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.A.man did know B.man know C.didn't man know D.did man know
倒装结构的用法:
一、副词here,there, in, out,up ,down, away,back,now, then, ahead 等位于句首,当谓语动词是be,come, go, follow,run等表示位置移动的动词,而且主语又是名词时,需要把谓语动词放主语之前,即全部倒装。注意:A 此类倒装不用进行时态度。B若主语是代词时,不用倒装。
1.--Let's hurry.Listen!There________.__Oh,yes.Has the teacher come yet?
---Look!Here________.A the bell goes, is he coming B goes the bell, he comes
C the bell is going,he is coming D goes the bell, comes he
二,含有否定意义的词放句首,部分倒装。
A具有否定意义的副词放句首: not,never,seldom,hardly, rarely.little,scarely,few…
not only, no sooner,hardly.scarely要倒,but also, than, when后面的句子不倒 Neither..nor..两部分都倒装 C, 含有否定意义的介词放句首:by no means, In no time,in no case, on no account,under no
circumstances...On no account must you accept any money against your conscience.三,only+状语,部分到装
6.Only in this way__to make improvement in the operating system.(2003 shang)
A you can hope B you did more C can you hope D did you hope
四、表示上文的状况也适合另外一人或事半功倍有下列:
肯定:so+助动词(动/情态)+主语 *主语与上文一致
否定:neither(nor)+助动(动/情态)+主语
五、as 作“尽管/虽然”,引导让步状语从句,由于语法需要,把表语/状语/动词提于句首.
11.___, he knows a lot of things.A The child as he is B Child as he is C A child as he is D Child as he is
六、so..that.., such..that..的句子结构中,若so,such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首,实行部分倒。
12.So difficult____it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.(2001)
A I have felt B have I felt C I did feel D did I feel
七、若if 引导的虚拟条件句中有were, had, should 时,可将if省,把were, had , should 放主语之前。
13.___it rain tomorrow, we would have put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.(94)
A Were B Should C Would D Will
八、充当地点状语的介词短语放句首,全倒。
In a lecture hall of a university sits a professor.九、在表示愿望的感叹句,倒装。
May our country become rich and strong!
Long live the People's Republic of China!
十、There be 句型,eg,There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….)
There is a man at the door wants to see you.There once lived an old hunter in that house.
第四篇:倒装式复合模结构认识与工作过程分析
倒装式复合模结构认识与工作过程分析
中等职业技术学校项目教学法研究 ——倒装式复合模结构认识与工作过程分析 机械科组鲁贤 课型项目式教学 学习目标 1.掌握倒装式复合模具的典型结构 2.了解倒装式复合模具各零部件名称与作用 3.掌握依据图纸对倒装式复合模具的装配 重点 1.倒装式复合模具的典型结构认识 2.倒装式复合模具的正确装配 难点 倒装式复合模具各零部件名称与作用 教具 倒装式复合模具、钳工工具 教学过程
一、课前复习上次课主要讲授了复合模具的基础知识对复合模具的常见结构作了详细的分析并以正装式复合模具为例介绍了凸凹模在复合模具中的应用。通过上次课对正装式复合模具的教学学生基本上掌握复合模具的结构特点以及在冲压过程中每个零部件的作用以及工作原理通过拆卸与装配该模具对结构有了较深刻的认识。
二、新课导入与讲授 本节课程将在上次课程的基础上继续学习复合模具的知识学习倒装式复合模的结构与装配并在此基础上了解倒装式复合模的工作原理。1.倒装式复合模结构特点 2 给出下图模具实体将班级学生分为4组每个小组的同学对所提供的模具进行认真观察并在15分钟内拆卸完该模具的所有零件。在拆卸的过程中思考以下问题
1、指出凸凹模的名称以及在该模具中的位置
2、指出该模具中的冲孔凸模与落料凹模
3、指出该模具中的模柄与打杆 待全体小组拆卸完模具以后开始找同学提问上述问题。给出模具结构图要求各小组按照图纸要求模具装配如下图示 3 待全部小组同学装配好后按照图纸要求互相检查装配是否正确。并准备思考以下问题 1.图中加工涉及到冲孔与落料不同规格的孔的冲压以及落料如何设置冲孔凸模与落料凹模 2.说明该模具的推件装置 3.说明该模具在冲压过程中工件如何实现准确定位 4.比较该模具与正装式复合模的异同 模具分析讲解 1.该模具中凸凹模18与下模座相连正装式复合模具凸凹模与上模座连接 2.推件装置打杆
12、推板
11、连接推杆
10、推件块9 3.定位装置导料销
22、活动挡料销
5、弹簧3 4.正装式复合模与倒装式复合模都具有凸凹模结构分别与上、下模座相连接。正装式复合模用于冲制材质较软或板料较薄的平直度要求较高的工件以及孔边距较小的工件倒装式复合模具不适合冲孔边距小的工件。倒装式复合模一般采用刚性推件装置。绘制该模具的排样图与装配图 要求学生通过游标卡尺以及其它量具来测量该模具的总体尺寸绘制装配图与排样图。根据工件的精度要求合理选用搭边值计算出材料的利用率并画出材料的排样图。装配图的绘制测量模具的整体结构尺寸考虑到各个部分结构画出装配图。
三、小结 本次课主要讲授了正装式复合模的结构、装配以及推件、定位装置从装配与拆卸过程深入认识了倒装式复合模的典型结构要求学生认识了该模具的推件与定位装置并绘制出工件的排样图和装配图。
四、布置作业 1.指出图中工作零件的名称与作用 2.说明该模具的推件与定位原理
五、板书设计 4
一、倒装式复合模结构认识
二、倒装式复合模的定位与推件装置
三、倒装式复合模的排样与材料利用率
六、教学后记 本次教学通过给出一套常见的倒装式冲孔---落料复合模要求学生拆卸与装配该模具从而熟练掌握该模具的结构提高对倒装式复合模具结构的认识。在装拆过程中学生回答了老师的提问对该模具的定位、推件等冲压原理有了一定的认识通过排样计算材料的利用率画出排样图提高了学生对冲压设计过程中坯料排样的认识。
第五篇:高考英语第二轮热点专题复习倒装结构
2009年高考英语第二轮热点专题复习——倒装句
一、考情分析
近年来,特殊句式已经成为高考的热点,而倒装句又是热点之热点。在近五年的高考试卷中考查这一语法现象的试题就有38个,仅在2008年高考试题中,就涉及6道试题,所占比例颇大。命题者加大了对句子结构和知识面的考查,同时注重考查知识之间的交叉和语法知识的力度。这就要求我们在平时的复习和备考中注意总结,全面把握,深入研究。下面我结合本人的教学经验把对这一语法的规律和大家共同探讨一下,希望能对同学们有所帮助。通过分析我认为倒装句有以下六大考点:(1)含有否定意义的副词放在句首引起的部分倒装(2)含有否定意义的连接词置于句首引起的部分倒装
(3)“so(nor, neither)+助动词 + 主语”与“so(nor, neither)+主语+助动词”之间的区别以及与“ so + 主语+ 助动词”的句式区别
(4)省略if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装(5)not until置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装(6)only短语置于句首引起的部分倒装
二、方法技巧点拨
1.考前应认真研读高考题目,了解命题人的意图,对高考方向有所把握。2.倒装句在句式上考生不是很习惯,故考生得从多方面入手,熟悉各种倒装句式,以不变应万变。
3.要注意倒装句中的主谓一致、时态一致及人称一致等问题。
4.加强理解分析能力,切忌机械记忆,注意知识间的交叉,分清句子成分。5.在平时的学习中尽最大努力运用所学知识,达到熟能生巧的目的。
三、倒装句的有关知识
英语最基本的语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调,就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装,只将助动词、系动词、或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。
1.完全倒装的情况:
①Tthere be 句型表示“存在”时,there是引导词,主语在be后,此时为全部倒装。注意:1.be与其后的主语保持数的一致。
2.其中be有时可用live,stand,lie,seem,happen ,appear,come,remain代替。eg.There is a box on the table.②在以here, there,now,then,such等副词开头的某些句子里,谓语动词是be,go,come等时用全部倒装。
eg.There goes the bell.Here is an apple for you.注意:如果主语是人称代词,主语和主要动词的词序不变。Eg.There she comes.③直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时,主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。
eg.“Very well,” said the French student.“Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said he.④地点、方位副词,如 up, down, out, away, in位于句首时用全部倒装。
eg.Away hurried the boy.Out rushed the girl.注意:若主语为人称代词,主语和谓语动词的位置不变,只将副词放在句首。Eg.Out you go.⑤such置于句首时,用完全倒装。
Eg.Such are the facts;no one can understand them.2.部分倒装的情况:
①only放在句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时
eg.Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.Only in this way can we learn English well.注意:如果only后的词组不是状语,不需倒装。eg.Only Wang Lili knows this.②否定副词never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等位于句首时,采用部分倒装。
eg.Little did he say at the meeting.Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.注意:如不放在句首就不要倒装。
eg.I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.③用在以so, nor, neither开头,表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句,表示“也一样”、“也这样”;nor, neither用于否定句,表示“同样也不,也不这样”。
eg.I am watching TV.So is she.My parents didn’t watch TV last night.Neither(Nor)did I.注意:so表示“是的,确实”时,主谓不倒装。Eg.He is a good boy.SO he is.④否定意义的词或词组放在句首时,应采用部分倒装。这类词或词组常用的有:rarely,scarely,not a bit(一点也不),not until(直到„„才),hardly„when,no sooner„than(一„„就),at no time(从不),by no means(绝不),in no,case(绝不),in vain(无效,没有用),on no condition(绝不).⑤在so...that,such...that句型位于句首时,主句需部分倒装,从句不倒装。(so和such部分要倒装,that从句不倒装)。
⑥as引导让步状语从句时要倒装(形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语)。eg.Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.Child as he is, he seems to know everything.(child前不加冠词)Hard as he worded, he made little progress.⑦在虚拟结构中,条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should这三个词是,可省去if,将这些词移至主语之前。
eg.Had I time(= If I had time), I would go and help you.Were I you(= If I were you), I would go abroad.Should he come(=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.四、高考试题分析(08年各地高考试题)
(江苏卷 32)______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A.only if;will you C.Unless;will you
B.Only if;you will D.Unless;you will 解析:句意:只有正确饮食,你才能保持身体健康。从句意可知unless不符合题意。D项应在will后加not。Only if 表条件且位于句首,应用部分倒装。
答案:A 点评:做部分倒装时,应特别注意only(if)位于句首的情况。
(江西卷 31)It was announced that only when the fire was under control ___ to return to their homes.A.the residents would be permitted B.had the residents been permitted C.would be residents be permitted D.the residents had been permitted 解析:句意:据宣称只有当火势得到控制的时候,居民们才可以返回家中。Only+when从句放在句首时,用部分倒装。时态应用过去将来时。
答案:C 点评:我们做题时一定要熟悉有关倒装句的知识,同时分析句子结构和时态。
(辽宁卷 35)35.Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______.A.I was neither either was I 解析:比尔对贾森做报告推迟这件事表示不高兴,我也不高兴。考查neither表否定时,位于句首引起部分倒装的结构。Either无此用法。
答案:B 点评:我们要切记neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+sb表示某人也不„„的用法。
(陕西卷 7)Not until the motorbike looked almost new _________ repairing and cleaning it.A.he stopped B.did he stop C.stopped he D.he did stop 解析:句意:他把摩托车擦洗和修补的和新的一样时才停下来。Not until引导的状语从句位于句首时,主句部分需部分倒装。
答案:D
B.neither was I
C.I was either
D.点评:此题考查否定词放句首要倒装的情况,同时我们应注意特殊句式的变化。
(上海卷 39)So much of interest ___ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.A.offers Beijing
B.Beijing offers/ D.Beijing does offer C.does Beijing offer 解析:句意:北京旅游景点如此多,以至于游客根本没有时间游完所有地方。考查so„.that句型位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。
答案:C 点评:此题考查引导结果状语从句的so„.that,such„.that 位于句首时,主句倒装,从句不倒装的情况。
(重庆卷 26)Only when I left my parents for Italy __ how much I loved them.A.I realized B.I had realized C.had I realized D.did I realize 解析:句意:只有当我离开父母前往意大利,我才意识到我是多么的爱他们。Only引导的状语或状语从句位于句首时,主句需部分倒装。
答案:D 点评:做这类题目时应特别注意Only引导的状语或状语从句位于句首时的倒装句的用法,同时注意时态的确定。
五、提升训练
1.I can’t ride a bike,.A.neither my sister can B.neither can my sister C.my sister can neither D.my sister can not too 2.read such an interesting book.A.Seldom have I B.Seldom I have C.Seldom did I have D.Seldom I has 3.1 wonder if your wife will go to the ball.If your wife _____, so _____ mine.A.does;will B.will;does C.will;would D.does;do 4.Only after I read the text over again _____ its main idea.A.that I knew B.did I knew
C.I could know D.I did know 5.—You seem to have learned all the English words by heart.A.So I do B.So do I
C.So I have D.So have 1 6.So excited _____ that he couldn't say a word.A.he seemed B.did he seem
C.was he seeming D.he did look 7.Jimmy was so nervous not a single word _____ down in the dictation.A.he wrote B.he was written
C.did he write D.was he written 8.____ was his kindness that everyone praised him.A.It
B.What
C.So
D.Such 9.____, he would have passed the exam.A.If he were to study B.If he studied hard C.Had he studied hard D.Should he study hard 10----David has made great progress recently.----____, and ____.B.So he has, so you have
D.So has he, so you have
A.So he has, so have you C.So has he, so have you 11.No sooner ____ they rushed out into the street.A.did they hear the news than B.did they hear the news when C.had they heard the news than D.had they heard the news when 12.He was unable to make such progress, ____.A.hard as he tried C.hard he has tried
B.as hard he tried D.tried hard as he
----There ____.13..----Here ____!Where is Xiao Liu? A.comes the bus, is he B.comes the bus, he is C.the bus comes, is he
D.the bus comes, he is 14.Not only _____ a promise, but also he kept it.A.did he make
B.he made
C.does he make D.has he made 15.Not until he arrived home _____ he find that this wallet had been stolen.A.did B.would C.when D.that 16..Nowhere else in the world _____ cheaper tailoring(裁缝业, 成衣业)than in Hong Kong.A.a tourist can find B.can a tourist find C.a tourist will find D.a tourist has found 17..____ a nice man ____ that we all believe him.A.So;did he seem B.So;he seemed
C.Such;he seemed D.Such;did he seem 18.._____ , he never seems able to do the work beautifully.A.Try as he does B.As he tries C.Try as does he D.As try he does 19.So carelessly _____ that he almost killed himself.A.he drives B.does he drive C.did he drive D.he drove 20.No sooner ____ they rushed out into the street.A.did they hear the news than C.had they heard the news than Keys 1-5 BCABA 6-10 BCDCA 11-15 CABAA 16-20 ADABC
B.did they hear the news when D.had they heard the news