第一篇：3-7重点词汇
1.linger:
1)spend a long time doing sth.磨蹭，e.g.My daughter used to linger long over her meal.There will be no time to linger —
the press conference will begin in a few minutes.2)stay for a long time, esp.because one does not want to leave 留恋，徘徊
e.g.This a dreary（沉闷的，枯燥的）little town
where few people would choose to linger.He was still lingering around the stadium long after the game was over.2.scar: a mark left on the skin by a wound, burn, etc.after it has healed 伤疤
e.g.It is easy to recognized the little boy because he has a scar on his left arm.The witness told the police that the criminal had a scar on his forehead.vt.leave a scar on给…留下疤痕
e.g.The burns were so severe that he will be scarred for life.His face was scarred by smallpox.（牛痘）
3.So, too, do the voices of those who …: The voices of those who … also echo in his soul.4.dignity: the quality of being worthy of honor or respect 尊严
e.g.A physician shall be dedicated to providing competent medical service
with compassion and respect for human dignity.Some think that cloned human beings will be deprived of
freedom or dignity or personal identity.They hold on to the faith that the value of life depends on its dignity and not its success.5.cripple:
1)cause to become unable to move or walk properly 使跛，使受伤致残
e.g.At the beginning of the year 2000 crippled children were on state lists to receive care.Peter’s father was crippled by a stroke.（中风）
2)damage or harm(sb./sth.)seriously 损坏；严重削弱
e.g.Shootings and robberies of tourists over the past several years
had crippled the tourist industry in Miami.The terrorists’ attacks has not crippled the US economy.6.betray: show a lack of loyalty to;give or show sb./sth.to an enemy 背叛，出卖 e.g.According to the Gospels of Matthew and Mark,（马修和马太福音）
greed made Judas betray Jesus to the chief priest for 30 pieces of silver.He was accused of betraying his country during the war.7.gain on: come closer to, esp.a rival or sth.pursued 逼近，接近
e.g.Hurry up — they are gaining on us!
She was gaining on he opponents throughout the race,but only overtook them at the very end.8.tremble: shake from cold, fear, weakness, etc.颤抖
e.g.Her hands grew very cold and trembled so that she could hardly hold the flag.Madison was extremely pale and trembled excessively
as he began his inaugural address.（就职演讲，开幕词）
For much of the day the pavements tremble from the weight of passing traffic.9.kick up:(cause to)rise 踢起，扬起；升高
e.g.The horse kicked up a cloud of dust.The boys kicked up the leaves
that lay thick upon the ground with the coming of autumn.10.tilt:(cause to)move into a sloping position（使）倾斜
e.g.The pilot can tilt the helicopter forward, backward or to either side.In the northern hemisphere(半球), the sun climbs high in the sky
and the days are long in summer,where the northern end of the earth’s axis（轴）is tilted toward the sun.n.倾斜 The amount of daylight in a day varies throughout the year,based on the tilt of Earth’s axis.11.lean:(cause to)be in a sloping position;bend 倾斜；倚靠 v
e.g.He leaned his bike against the wall.She leaned over the bridge to look at the boats passing beneath it.a.producing little of value;containing little or no fat 收益少的；瘦的e.g.The company has apparently recovered from several lean years.The recession（不景气）and lean state budgets continue to trouble school officials.We like to eat lean and tender meat.（嫩的）
12.delivery:
1)the process of birth 分娩
体力活
In the end, it was an easy delivery: a fine baby boy.2)the delivering of letters, goods, etc.投递；运送
letters, and other shipments within the United States and worldwide.联邦快递公司
Most newspapers offer home delivery.13.section: any of the parts into which sth.is divided 部分
e.g.This article consists of ten major sections.Newspapers typically have sections for local news,sports, arts and entertainment, business, and classified advertising.14.disorder: disturbance of the normal working of the body or mind;
lack of order（机能）失调；混乱
e.g.Severe vitamin and mineral deficiencies can lead to mental disorders.that treats disorders by inserting needles under the skin.The school authorities took immediate action to stop campus violence and disorder.15.transfer: move from one place to another 调动，转移
transfer sth./ sb.(from … to)
e.g.Transferring Peter from Tokyo to Boston office was a smart idea.Power was transferred from President to the Vice President
while the President received medical treatment.Commercial airports are designed to transfer passengers and freight货运 to and from aircraft.Credits earned at junior colleges could be transferred to another institution
where students could complete their final years of college.16.limitation: lack of ability 缺陷；局限 due to the limitations of battery technology.As a student he recognized his limitations, but did little to improve himself.17.apply for: make a formal request for 申请
e.g.I applied for five jobs before I was offered this one.According to the school regulations students will have to apply for permission to study abroad.18.representative: a person who represents others 代表
e.g.Egypt, Israel, and the representatives of the Palestinian people
will participate in negotiations on the resolution of the Palestinian problem.巴勒斯坦问题的决议
汇聚巴黎参加地球峰会（最高级会谈）
19.literature:
1)printed material used to advertise or promote a product 宣传资料
e.g.My friend is sending me literature from two other companies
that provide a similar service.2)writings that are valued as works of art 文献；文学作品
e.g.Many readers consider the novel the most flexible type of literature.offers master’s or doctoral degree programs 研究生院 人文学科
as history, chemistry, physics, and literature.20.pledge: a solemn promise 保证；许诺
e.g.The boy made a pledge to get straight A’s at the end of the semester.They made a pledge to accomplish the task.vt.pledge to do sth.e.g.Member nations of the UN pledge to settle their disputes peacefully
（克制）有害垃圾
21.retail: the practice of selling goods in small quantities to the general public 零售
e.g.Wal-mart is a company that operates a variety of retail chain stores.Department stores refer to large retail stores selling many商品，货物
22.transit: passage through or across;a system of urban public transportation
通行，过境；公共交通运输系统
e.g.Our fleet made the transit through Panama Canal without any difficulty.The president wants to improve the nation’s highways and mass transit systems.23.strain: injure(the body or the part of it)or make it weak by too much effort 损伤；使劳损 e.g.Swimming does not strain joints and connective tissue 结缔组织
as much as many other forms of exercises.He strained his back when he removed the piano with his friends.n.a severe damage on mental or physical strength, resources, abilities, etc.(followed by on)重负，压力
e.g.Some young white collar workers are complaining about their job strain.She has been under terrible strain since her company was bankrupted.The vast expansion膨胀，扩充 in college education
is putting an enormous strain on the system.24.useless: not fulfilling the intended purpose 无用的，无效的e.g.Preventing the country from purchasing oil crippled its army
and made its navy and air force completely useless.of formerly fertile land into barren and economically useless wasteland.耕作过度
25.limb: a leg or an arm;a large branch of tree 肢；腿；臂；树枝
e.g.The small size and weight of dogs’ feet and limbs require less energy to move.No attempt should be made to move broken limbs until medical help arrives.The flag was hanging from the limb of a big tree.26.off balance: in as unsteady position or about to fall 不平衡
e.g.The motorcycle knocked him off balance and he fell down on the ground.The sudden pull threw me off balance.27.territory: land a country controls or owns 领土
e.g.The government denied that any of its territory is under rebel control.A country’s embassy in a foreign country is considered its own territory.28.on the phone: be talking to sb.using the phone 在打电话
e.g.Please wait outside for a moment;the manager is on the phone.She is always on the phone, wanting to know her husband has been up to.29.register: 1)be recognized or noted mentally 被注意到
e.g.On occasions what I said didn’t register in my daughter’s brain.The professor’s name didn’t register with the students.2)record a name, an event, etc.for official purposes 登记，注册
e.g.The new student were told that they must register with the University批准
The newly purchased apartment is registered in her name, not her husband’s.30.laundry: clothes or sheets, etc.that have been or need to be washed洗好（或待洗）的衣服e.g.The new model washing machine offers numerous settings
for washing different types and quantities of laundry.A good deal of laundry had accumulated during the past two weeks,as our washing machine didn’t work.31.profitable: bringing profit or advantage 有利可图的；有益的 有价证券 when profitable opportunities arise.The trade of opium, a highly profitable product for British merchants
and eventually an illegal import into China, led to the opium Wars.I didn’t find the talk very profitable.On the contrary, I thought it was nonsense.32.off one’s feet: no longer standing 躺着；坐着
e.g.After the operation the old man had to stay off his feet.The doctor checked his left foot carefully and said
he would have to stay off his feet for about two weeks.33.commission: money paid to sb.for selling goods which increases with the quantity of goods
sold 佣金，回扣
e.g.If a salesperson is paid on commission,the amount they receive depends on the amount they sell.影印机，复印机
34.surgery: treatment of injuries or diseases by cutting or removing parts of the body 外科手术e.g.People practiced surgery since ancient times,but it did not become a respected science until 19th century.Surgery is the fastest and most effective treatment for tumors that are detected early.35.be laid up(with): stay in bed, be unable to work（因…）卧床休养；无法工作 重感冒
The football player was laid up with a twisted knee.36.signature: a person’s name written by herself or himself 签名
e.g.In law, signatures are put at the end of a legal instrument to show that it is valid.有效的立遗嘱者
and such a mark is considered a valid signature.37.in time: punctually, not too lat;eventually 及时；最终
e.g.The couple have just arrived in time for lunch.She set the alarm so she would wake up in time to go to school.38.go off:(of electric power, a light, etc.)stop functioning or operating 停止；熄灭 e.g.All the lights suddenly went off and the stadium was plunged into darkness.I didn’t sleep well last night as all the heating went off.
第二篇：重点场景词汇短语整理
重点场景词汇短语整理.doc 重点场景词汇短语
一、Campus life 校园生活（短对话及长对话重点）
12年12月出现的重要表达： take turns to make presentation（轮流做演示）12年6月真题中出现的新考点：tuition 学费
1、作业词汇：assignment/assigned book(指定书目 10年6月第11题)paper essays（07-6听写答案）book/research report composition 作文 textbook教科书/reference book参考书(07-6听写答案)copy 副本
搭配作业的一些常见表达：
be through with sth 结束，完成（四次考到）due 到期
have sb's hands full with sth 忙于做某事（两次考到）narrow down the topic 细化题目(两次考到)
2、课程形式词汇：
seminar（06-
6、07-6-词汇，研讨会）
原句： do you have the seminar schedule with you?（你有研讨会的日程表么？）
optional course/elective（选修课）evening/day course(晚间/白天课程 09-12词汇)compulsory course/requirement（必修课）presentation（多次考到，展示或演示课）
搭配词汇: hardly/barely stay awake（无法保持清醒。三次考到，最新10-6考点)tutoring service 一对一辅导课程
最新课程名称
advanced physics(高级物理)data processing(数据处理)computer programming(计算机程序)biology 生物 Statistics 统计学课程 Psychological counseling 心理咨询
3、名称
freshman(大一)sophomore（大二）junior（大三）senior（大四）(05年考点)graduate(毕业生)undergraduate（在校生，本科生）postgraduate（多次考到，研究生）
tutor(导师)graduate school（研究生院）
4、图书馆 重点
（1）.书籍：journal 学术类刊物（08-6）
原句：did you check the pile of the journals you borrowed for the library the other day?(你查过那一摞头几天从图书馆借来的学刊了么？)volume 卷 current/back issue 现/过刊 periodical 期刊（2）.人物：librarian 图书管理员
二、Job hunting 求职(长对话重点)recommendation 推荐（11-12）
short list 候选人名单（2010-12）job vacancy 职位空缺（2010-12）job applicant candidate 候选人（多次考到）apply for application（2008/09/10）
Position/post（多次考到。职位）resume(简历，注意发音，多次考到)recruit（连续考到。招聘）reputation(多次考到）resign（辞职，多次考到）
benefit(package)（福利，两次考到）paid vacation（带薪假期）social security（美国的社会保险）relocation expenses（异地补偿费用）phased retirement(08-12 阶段性退休)be laid off(解雇 09-12考点)hotel consultant(08-6 酒店咨询)sales manager（08-12 销售经理）Administrative work（08-12 行政工作）2008-6 the job will involve much train travel(工作中会经常有火车旅行的机会)tell me about your present job...2008-12 There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager's job.And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified（合格）.(20个候选人竞争销售经理的职位。最后就剩我们三个了，不过那两个人看起来胜算更大。)promotion（09-6/12连续考到）2009-6 I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled.(我听说你升职了，你开心死了吧)not really, the new office is huge,but the work load has doubled.（也不见得，新办公室挺大的，但是工作量也翻倍了）
2009-12 Aren’t you disappointed that you didn’t get the promotion? 2010-06 19.C)It enables him to apply theory to practice 能够让他把理论应用于实际
22.A)Getting along well with colleagues 与同事和睦相处
2010-12 25 C)Send in a written applicaon as soon as possible 尽快发来书面申请
2011-6 25 B what does the man say contribute the success of the business？（男士说是什么造就了他商业的成功）
2011-12 what position in the company appeals to you most? 职位最吸引你的是什么？
2012-12 he is tied up in meetings.他忙于开会
三、机场（飞机上）次重点 1．机场地点
Security check（安检处）Gate（登机口）Terminal（航站楼）Check-in counter（换票柜台）Customs（海关）
2.机场人物
Airhostess/stewardess（空姐）steward（空哥、空少）flight attendant（飞机乘务员）3.飞机动作
Take off/land（起飞、降落）ascend/descend（上升、下降）postpone/delay/cancel（推迟、延迟、取消）
最近题目例句：（2007－12）
I hope you are packed and ready to leave.（我希望你已经打包完毕准备出发了）
I have packed my passport in one of my bags.（我把护照装在一个包里了）
四、餐厅
11年12月最新考点：
recommendation 推荐 be allergic to 过敏 1．点菜：
Order menu wine list（酒单）alcohol steak French Fries（薯条）2.埋单：
Check the bill please!（埋单）Treat（请客）split the bill（分开付）
五、酒店
2010-6 washing-up 洗碗工作 2007－6/12 Reservation（高频词,预定）honeymoon suite（07年6月词汇，蜜月套间）hotel clerk（07年6月词汇，等于receptionist）discount(07年6月词汇, 折扣)continental breakfast（07年6月词汇，免欧式早餐）
六、新内容：减肥与健康（自09年起至10年12月多次出现）gym 健身房
overweight=out of shape 胖 dieting 节食 lose weight 减肥 slim 苗条 larger waist 腰有些肥（可以指人也可以指服装）physical training 身体锻炼
weight-lifting 举重
补充：四六级听力主题高频词汇
一、学生生活场景 1．教育相关词汇
graduate school 研究生院 business degree 商学位 higher education 高等教育 adult education 成人教育 undergraduate 本科生 postgraduate 研究生 universal education 普及教育 2．图书馆场景
online catalogue 网上图书一览表 reference material 参考资料 reference desk 咨询处 catalogue 目录 index 索引 reference stacks 书库
delivery/circulation desk 借书处 date of expiry/deadline 期限 due 应付费 overdue 过期 pay a fine 交罚款 renew 续借 on loan 借出的 reserve/book 欲借
in circulation 在书库里 out of circulation 借走了
periodical journals 定期刊物 current/back issue 最新/过期的 bibliography 书目 on the shelf 在书架上 paper back平装 hard back 精装
librarian 图书馆长 information desk 咨询台 3．课程作业谈论
read it through the way 按章节顺序读
read books from cover to cover 完整地读完一本书 brush up on 温习keep drifting away 走神
attend a lecture 上课 take sb.out of sth.说服某人不干某事 seminar shedule 论文安排 take the course 选课 narrow it down 缩小 fill up 课程人数已满
information science 信息科学 online education 网络教育 term paper 学期论文 assignments 作业
poll 民意测验 presentation 针对某一专题发表的演讲 class list 班级人名列表 get frozen up 僵住 an extra copy 额外的复印本 lecture notes 课堂笔记 fill sb.in 给某人补课 schedule/school timetable 课程表 individual study 自习individual coaching/tutorial 个别指导 attendance/participation 出勤率 miss a class 缺课 cut a class 旷课
course arrangement 课程安排 application form 申请表 assessment 综合评估 extension 延期 at least 150 words at length 至少150字
fixed answer 固定答案 specialized course 专业课
required course 必修课 optional/selective course 选修课 basic course 基础课 4.教授评价相关
office hour 教授与学生面谈时间 office hour 坐班时间 be lost/be all at sea/in the dark 听不懂 figure out/make sense/follow words 听懂 drop off 放弃 doze off 打瞌睡
associate professor 副教授 lecturer 讲师 punctual/prompt 不迟到 run over time 5．考试相关谈论
credit system 学分制 mark/score/grade 分数 blue-book 考卷 report card 成绩单 open-book exam 开卷考试 pop test 抽考 passing/failing grade（不）及格 quiz 小测验 be backed up 堆积作业 make up the exam 补考 6．校园生活场景
housing office 住宿办公室 tuition 学费
dormitory deposit 宿舍保证金 live off campus 搬出校园 director of student housing 学生住宿经理 security office 安全管理处 room and board 食宿 school dining hall 学生食堂 canteen 食堂 cafeteria 自助餐厅 accommodation 住宿 lounge 大厅 gymnasium体育馆
auditorium 礼堂 orientation program 新生训练
teaching facilities 教学设施 assistantship(大学)研究生助教奖学金 scholarship 奖学金 after-school activities 课外活动 voluntary labor 义务劳动 register/enroll 登记、报到 admissions office 招生办 school discipline 校纪 a grant-aided student 领助学金的学生
registration form 注册表 teaching building 教室 locker room 更衣室 new students enrollment 新生报道处 recreation center 娱乐室 opening ceremony 开学典礼 expel sb.from school 开除 letter of recommendation 推荐信 the student union 学生会 graduation appraisal 毕业评估 graduation ceremony 毕业典礼
二、工作、生活场景 1．工作选择场景
job resume 工作简历 be impressive 印象深刻 first impression 第一印象 hand in resume 投简历
drop off resume/CV 投简历 help-wanted section 招工广告栏 want ad 招聘广告 an assistant director 助理
a teacher certificate 教师资格证 job-hunting 找工作 job interview 工作面试 application letter 求职信 position/post/offer/vacancy/opening 职位 accept /take the post 接受 turn down/refuse 拒绝
experience in the post 职业经验 professional expertise 专业技能 be equally competent for job 同样能够胜任工作 easy to get along with 容易与人相处
self-confidence 自信 full scope to show one’s ability 完全发挥个人能力
TA(teaching assistant)助教 RA(research assistant)研究助理 stack of papers 成堆的文件 further talk 进一步谈判 immediate boss 直接上司 clerk/office worker 办公室人员 night shift 夜班 seasonal unemployment 季节性失业 dismissal 开除、解雇 overtime/extra time 加班 2． 相关工作谈论
admission office 招生办公室 target reader 目标读者 bring her ability into full play 发挥她能力方面的优势 come up with the name 起名字
pop out of her childhood dreams 从她童年的梦中找到灵感 a large international company 大型外企
right candidate for this position 职业的合适候选人 head broker 经纪人经理 stock market 股票市场
deal with the clients on the daily basis 与底层的客户打交道 paid vacation 带薪假 personnel department 人事部 public relation 公关 job prospect 职业前景
marketing director 销售经理 stay competitive 保持竞争力 human resources 人力资源 commercials 商业广告 recruit graduate students 招聘研究生 switch work time 调整工作时间 pay your own way 为你的选择付出代价
三、家庭生活场景 1． 租房谈判词汇 make a mess 弄脏
cut down on their living expenses 削减生活开支 have an apartment for rent 有房出租
welcome any time by appointment 预约后随时欢迎 save the trip 缩短路程 book a hotel 预定旅馆、housing developers 房地产开发商 housing coordinator 房屋中介 dispose 定金 deposit 押金 enrolment 登记注册 landlord 房东 tenant 房客 landlady 房东太太 property 房产 2．住房格局词汇
honeymoon suite 蜜月套房 basement 地下室 shared kitchen 公用厨房 living room 客厅 balcony 阳台 single room 单人间 share room 共用房间 double room 双人间 twin-bed room 有两张单人床的双人房 double-bed room 有一张双人床的双人房 bedroom 卧室 entrance hall 门厅，大堂 porch 走廊 shared social area 公用空间 3．住房家具词汇
air conditioner available 有空调 furnace/stove 炉子 switch 开关 cupboard 碗柜 heater 热水器 curtain/drape 窗帘 sheet 床单 pillow 枕头 mat 席子 mattress 床垫 chest 柜子 couch 沙发 rug 小地毯 carpet 地毯 shower 淋浴
4．住房周边设施词汇
two blocks from home 离房子有两个街区 surroundings 环境 downtown area 市区 laundry 洗衣店 rural areas 乡村 suburban area 郊区
四、公共生活场景 1．交通场景
spot a place to park the car 找地方泊车 a parking space 停车位 speeding 超速行驶 crash into 撞上 fall off 坠落
overtake the truck ahead of him 超过前面的卡车 non-stop train 直达火车 a dining car 餐车 subway entrance 地铁入口 break down 抛锚 flat tire 爆胎 rush hour 高峰期 traffic jam 堵车 garage 修车场 give sb.a ride/lift/hitchhiker 搭车 shuttle bus 班车 tow away 拖走 pay a fine 罚款 2.餐厅场景
watch my weight 关注我的体重 make it to the bar 及时到酒吧赴约 dessert 甜点 steak 牛排 fried food 快餐 tips 小费
eat out/full/ stuffed/ done 吃饱了 snack bar 快餐小吃店 take-away 外卖 vegetable salad 蔬菜沙拉
delicious/tasty/terrific 好吃 horrible/awful/disgusting难吃 3． 银行场景
bank book 存折 open an account 开户
earn interest 赚取利息 savings account 储蓄存款账户 current account 活期存款账户 check account 支票帐户 deposit account 定期存款账户 annual interest rate 年利率 monthly interest account 按月计息账户 daily interest account 按天计息账户
instant account 速成户头 service charge 服务费/手续费 signature card 签名卡 withdraw 提款 blank check 空白支票 exchange rate 汇率
第三篇：电子商务英语重点词汇
商务英语翻译
II.请翻译下列标识语。（1）
（1）
Left Baggage
行李寄存
（2）
Photography and video are not permitted inside the building 楼内禁止拍照、录像
（3）
Foreign Exchange(Services)外币兑换（服务
（4）
Particulars Of Membership 仅限会员（入内/使用）
（5）
Customers Lounges
旅客休息室
标识的语言特点
1.大量使用名词短语、动词短语或动名词http://www.xiexiebang.com/
具有指示、说明性质的标识往往使用名词短语，以直接、准确无误地传达特定信息。如Fast Lane快行道、Conference Centre会议中心、Food & Beverage餐饮部、Business Centre商务中心、Road Work正在施工、Tollgate收费站、Check-in登记入住、Baggage Office行李房等。而具有强制、限制性质的标识大多使用动名词或祈使句，以将公众的注意力集中在所要求采取的行动上。如No Spitting严禁随地吐痰、Please Do Not Disturb 请勿打扰、Mind the Gap注意站台缝隙、Please Use Revolving Door请使用旋转门、Beware Obstruction小心障碍。在翻译过程中我们也应采用相应的名词短语或祈使句句式，力求在语气、信息度等方面做到较好的匹配。
2.文笔凝练、措辞精确
标识多省略冠词、代词、助动词等，仅使用实词、核心词汇，以供人们在最短的时间了解最准确、最直接的信息。从词汇方面来看，尽量减少复杂词汇和多种时态的动词；从句型方面考虑，简单明了的祈使句是标识用语常用的句型。标识语的字数往往精简到最低限度，如City Bus Only市内公共汽车专用、Post-paid邮资已付、Danger危险、Admission Free免票入场、Beverage Not Included酒水另付等，只需短短两三个单词就表明了意思。此外，标识用语有时甚至会借用一些简单的字母或数字代替单词，例如：4 SALE出售、Merry X’mas圣诞快乐，等等。
3.具有很强的规约性
由于历史沿革和语言文化习惯等因素，很多标识用语的翻译都已约定俗成，不宜随意变更。如“油漆未干”可能会被译作“The paint is not dry.”或“The paint is wet.”，这些译法虽然从语法来讲完全正确，但容易造成理解上的障碍或不便，因此不宜采用。事实上，这个标识语 “地道”的译法是“Wet Paint”，既简洁明了又完全符合英美人的语言习惯。类似的例句还有“双向行驶”、“远离火源”，分别译为“Two Way” 和“Keep Fire Away”。在标识语翻译中，译者应多留意英美国家常用的规范标准的标识用语，尽量使用和汉语标识相应的、地道得体的英语语汇进行翻译。
4.使用大写字母，省略标点符号
如STOP、EXIT、DEAD END等，汉译英时，英文需大写。
5.语言运用力求引人注目。
尤其是商业标识(Business Signs)及店铺的招牌(Signboard)，更要追求夸张的效果。例如EOM(End of Month)Sale月终大廉价、Grand Sale/Bargain Sale大甩卖、Big Price Plunge大削价，等等。
标识的翻译
II.标识的翻译技巧（2）1.去繁从简
在特定的语境中，某些标识在被翻译成另一种语言时，其语用的含义比词语本身的含义更重要。这时，译者应删除繁琐部分，仅保留足以传达标识语功能和目的的词汇。例如：“青岛是我家，清洁靠大家”常被译作 “Qingdao is our home, its cleanness depends on all of us”。从表面上看，该译法似乎说得过去，字字忠实于原文。但仔细分析不难发现，该译法明显受中文表达习惯的影响，不仅累赘，而且容易让外籍人士产生困惑。正确的翻译应该是“Keep Our City Clean”。该译法既简洁凝练，又意图明确。类似地，“注意安全，请勿攀爬单边墙”（Pay attention to your safety, don’t climb the single wall.），“遇到火灾，勿用电梯”（When there is a fire，don’t use the elevator!）就可以相应地简化为 “No Climbing!”，“Don’t use the elevator in case of fire!”。
2.遵从习惯，使用规范标准的标识语
标识用语具有很强的规约性。受语言习惯的影响，很多标识语的翻译都已约定俗成，不宜随意改动。例如：我们外出常见到的“小草微微笑，请你走便道”、“请勿践踏”等标识语就不能生硬地译为“Little grass is smiling slightly, please walk on pavement.”，而要按照英语的习惯直接翻译成“Keep Off the Grass”。再比如：“前方修路，请慢驾驶”和“该路段为单行道”可以按英语习惯分别翻译为“Road Work Ahead”和“One-Way”。
3.程式化套译
英文标识语的结构比较固定，程式化的套语运用广泛，因此翻译时可以采用程式化套译。例如表达“禁止做某事”可以套译为“No+名词或动名词”的形式，如禁止掉头No U Turn、禁止入内No Admittance、禁止停车No Parking、禁止吸烟No Smoking等；表示“专用”，可以采用“名词+Only”的形式，如贵宾专用VIP Only、儿童专用Children Only等；表示“请勿做某事”，可以采用“Do Not +动词”的表达方式，如请勿触摸Do Not Touch、请勿扔垃圾Do Not Litter等。4.反面着笔http://www.xiexiebang.com/
英汉两种语言在逻辑思维方面存在着差异，在翻译时，可从反面着笔把原意表达出来。标识语的翻译可以通过这种方法成功地实现汉英转化。如“请勿将头伸出窗外”翻译为“Keep Head Inside Vehicle”而不是正面表达为“Don’t put your head out of the window.”。再比如：请勿触摸Hands Off、无烟商场Smoking Free Store、工地危险，禁止入内Danger，Building Site，等等。
商用标识的翻译
下面分类介绍商用标识的翻译。商用标识的范围很广，总体上可以分为商务出行标识、商场标识、企业标识等。
商务出行标识（Business Travel Signs）商场促销标识（Promoting Signs）企业标识（Company Signs）
商务出行标识（Business Travel Signs）
商务出行涉及商务交通、商务住宿等各个方面。因此，交通标识、商务住宿标识就成为商务出行标识的主要内容。
交通标识包括道路指示牌、交通安全提示牌、限时限速的指示牌等等。以下是一些常见的交通标识：
Avoid the Jams 避免交通堵塞 Airport Lounges 机场休息室
Airports Shuttle 机场班车 Arrivals 进港
Bus Stand 公共汽车停车处
Check In Area(Zone)办理登机区 Customers Lounges 旅客休息室
Certain stations are closed on public holidays.假日某些车站关闭 Dangerous Bend 弯道危险
Diverted Traffic 交叉路口
Departure Time 离港时间
Departure Times On Reverse 返航时间
Departures 出港 Destination Airport 到达机场 Entry To Motorway 高速入口 Exit To All Routes 各通道出口 Flight Connections 转机处
In case of fire, stay in vehicle 如遇火警，请呆在车内 Inquiries/Assistance 问讯处
Keep your belongings with you at all times 随时照看好你的物品 Left Junction 左交叉口
Low Bridge Ahead 前方桥低
No Stopping at Any Time任何时间不准停车 Left Baggage 行李寄存 Luggage from Flights 到港行李
Luggage Reclaim 行李提取
No Parking in Front of This Gate 门前禁止停车
Pedestrian Crossing 人行横道
Please Keep Gateways Clear 请保持过道畅通 Parking Permitted 允许停车 Passport Control 入境检查
Please leave your luggage with you at all times 请随身携带你的行李 Road Closed 此路封闭
Return Fares 往返票价
Speed Limit of 48kmh 限速每小时48公里 Strictly No Parking 严禁停车
These seats are meant for elderly and handicapped persons&women with child.老人、残疾人及抱小孩的妇女专座 Toilet Engaged 厕所有人
When the bus is moving, do not speak to the driver.汽车行驶中，严禁与司机交谈
Welcome Aboard 欢迎登机 Single or Return Tickets Only 单程或往返程票 Cancellation 取消
DND=Do Not Disturb 请勿打扰 Extremely Well Equipped 设施配备精良 Fully Centrally Heated 中央暖气全部开放 Function Room 宴会厅
Food and Beverage Department 餐饮部
Front Office Reception前台办公室
Housekeeping Department 客房部
Indoor Swimming Pool 室内游泳池 Lobby Bar 大堂吧
Laundry 洗衣部 Morning Call 叫醒服务
Night Porter on Duty 夜间有行李搬运服务生 Night Club 夜总会
OOO=Out of Order 已坏 Reservation 订房部 Room Service 送餐部
Stay a minimum of 3 nights and receive 1 extra night free 最少住三晚，另外免费一晚
Tea/Coffee making facility in all bedrooms 所有卧室配有沏茶和煮咖啡的设施 tips=To Insure Prompt Service 小费 VIP=Very Important Person 贵宾
Waiting List 等候名单
Standard Room 标准间
商场促销标识（Promoting Signs）
商场促销标识主要指商场里面一些特价通知、楼层商品公告等相关信息。以下是一些常见的商场促销标识：
50% Off on Selected Lines 部分商品降半价
Accessories & Spares Delivered to Your Door 配件送货上门 As Many Repairs As You Need, Free of Charge 随时免费维修 Best Choice and Best Discounts 最佳选择，最大优惠 Big Sale 大甩卖
Brighter Shopping, Brighter Prices 明智的购物，透明的价格 Buy One and Get Anyone Free 买一赠一
Closing Sale 关门大甩卖
Customer care is our top priority 顾客至上 Final Clear Out 清仓大甩卖
Free Delivery to Your Door 免费送货上门 Offer is subject to availability 现货优惠，卖完为止 Sale at Breakdown Price 跳楼价甩卖
Save Up to 40%
6折优惠
Savings and Discounts all Around the Store 店内所有商品均削价处理
Special Offer 特价
Try Before You Buy 先试后买
企业标识（Company Signs）
企业标识主要指用于企业对外宣传和内部的一些标识，包括企业部门的名称、警示语等各个方面。以下是一些常见的企业标识：
Advertising Department 广告部
Branch Office 分公司
Business Office 营业部
Close the Door Behind You 请随手关门
Electrically Operated Gate 电动门
Export Department 出口部
Floor Cleaning in Progress 正在清扫地板
Finished Product Area 成品区
General Accounting Department 财务部 General Manager 总经理室
General Affairs Department 总务部 Head Office 总公司
Human Resources Department人力资源部 Interview in Progress 正在面试
International Department 国际部
Import Department 进口部 Lift out of Order 电梯发生故障
Meeting in Progress, Quiet Please 正在开会，请保持安静 Meeting Room 会议室
Material Control Department 物料部
No food is to be consumed in this area 此处不准吃食物 No Littering 勿乱扔废弃物
No Smoking in This Area 此处禁止吸烟
Please Wait Here for Enquiries 请在此等候咨询 Personnel Department 人事部 Production Department 生产部
Quality Control Department 质管部
Research and Development Department(R&D)研发部
Secretarial Pool 秘书室
Sales Department 销售部
Sales Promotion Department 促销部
This is a smoke free building 楼内禁止吸烟 We do not buy at this door 谢绝推销
常用翻译方法
常用翻译方法系列：直译法和意译法（1）
直译是指译文不仅表达原文的内容，还保留原文的表达形式，比如保留原文所使用的比喻、形象、民族特色等，使读者从译文中能得到与原文大致相同的感受。直译法一方面有助于保留原文的风格，另一方面又有助于从他国引进一些新鲜、生动的词语和表达方法。但直译并不是死译或硬译。例如：
（1）In some automated plants, electronic computers control the entire production line.译：在某些自动化工厂，电子计算机控制整个生产线。（直译）（2）Demand has the same effect on the height of price as production.需求有同样的影响在高度的价格上像生产。（死译）
译文：该翻译既不忠实原意，又不符合汉语的表达方式。正确的译法为：
需求像生产一样会影响价格。
（3）Challenge the limits 挑战极限（三星）
（4）Winning the hearts of the world 赢取天下心（法国航空公司）
（5）Hand in Hand, Future in Your Hand 伴你同行，齐握未来（太平洋人寿）
（6）Striving today for all your tomorrows 为你未来，做好现在（中银集团）
公共场所标识
Children and Senior Citizens Free 儿童与老人免费
Do Not Enter, Alarm Operating 装有警报，禁止入内
Do Not Put(Place)Bicycles Against The Railings请不要把自行车靠到栏杆上
Fire Construction Points to Note 注意消防设施 Fire Escape, Keep Clear 消防通道，保持通畅 Fire Exit Only 仅作安全出口
For Public Use 公用 Free of Charge 免费
Fully Air Conditioned 空调全面开放 Gates in Use Night & Day 此门昼夜使用
Lavatories 厕所
Gents /Men/Man’s lavatory 男厕
Waiting Room and Ladies/ Woman’s lavatory 女厕 No Admittance 禁止入内
No Bathing, Fishing Allowed In This Pond 此池塘禁止游泳，垂钓 No Charge 不收费
No Entry For General Public 公众不得入内
Non-Smokers Only
仅供非吸烟者
Obstruction of the door can be dangerous 禁止堵塞门口 Open All Year Round/ Open All Year 全年开放 Opening Hours: 开放/开门/营业时间
Please do not leave rubbish here 请不要在此倒垃圾
Please feel free to smoke in the lounge 休息室允许吸烟 Please Use Other Doors
请走其他门
Private Function Only 只供私人使用
Public Toilet 公厕
Unauthorized posters and advertisements will be persecuted 未经允许，禁止张贴广告，否则追究责任
Under Repair, Do Not Operate
正在修理，不能使用
旅游标识
15% Off With This Flyer 持本广告八五折优惠
A Place To Relax And Unwind 一个让你放松身心的地方
All-Inclusive Ticket 票价包括所有费用
Cafeteria Available
提供自助餐
Access All Day 全天开放
Admission Is Free 不收门票 Reserved Seating 预订座位
Safe and Reliable 安全可靠 Self-Catering
可自己做饭
Shopping Offers
提供购物机会 Child Reductions 儿童优惠
Concessions(票价)优惠
Day trip to...……一日游
Free Entry for All 向所有人免费开放 Children under 12 half price throughout season 全季12岁以下的儿童半价 Discounts available for pre-booked groups 团体提前预订优惠
For more detailed information please call...欲知详情，请打电话…… Free children admission with full paying adult 成人全价票，所带儿童免费
Free entry to over 60 attractions
免费到60 多个景点旅游
Free for accompanied children under 16 Years of age所带16岁以下儿童免费 Tours Take Up To Two Hours 游程两个小时
Tours Are Held Throughout The Day 旅游活动全天进行 Tours Have Live English Commentary 旅游配有现场英语解说
Electronics 电子学，电子工业 Grocery 食品杂货店 Clothing 服装 Outdoors 户外 Indoors 在室内 Fashion 时尚，时装
Accessory 副的，配件，附件 Beauty 美丽 Blue-ray 蓝光 Gift card 礼品卡 Fragrance 香味 Deal 交易 For sale 出售 Discount 折扣 Coupon 赠券 Top-rated 一流的 Best-seller 畅销书。Visa card 签证 Wish list 愿望清单 Cart 用车装载 Auction 拍卖 Return 返回
Key Features 主要特点 Inch 英寸
in stock 有存货，现有 out of stock 缺货
Register 登记，注册，挂号 Purchase 购买
Sign in 注册 sign out 退出 Save up to 25% 节省25% Take 25% off 拿掉25%的 Guarantee 保证，担保 Deliver 交付 Shipping 船舶，运送 Shipping fee 运费 Free shipping 免运费 Order 命令，规则，订购 Upcoming deal 即将到来得交易 Drop your order besides … Track your order
Leave feedback 离开反馈 Subscribe 订阅，认购 Unsubscribe 取消订阅，注销 Contact number 联系电话 On selected items 在选定的项目 Customers Who Bought Items in 顾客在购买物品
Your Recent History Also Bought 你最近的购买历史 Recently Viewed Items
Get $40 instantly 立即得到40美元 restrictions apply 限制申请
第四篇：英语重点词汇介绍
prove用法
prove是个常用动词,也是一个多义动词.由于它的用法比较复杂,现归纳如下
一、prove作“证明;证实”解时,用法如下:
1.prove+名词/代词
He has proved his courage in the battle.他已在作战中证明了他的勇气.This further proved the strength of our economy.这进一步证明了我们的经济实力.Can you prove that?你能证实那一点吗?
2.prove+直接宾语(sth.)+to+间接宾语(sb.)
The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists.困难在于他怎样向其他科学家证实他的想法.Can you prove your theory to us?你能向我们证实你的理论吗?
3.prove+宾语+宾语补足语
(1)形容词作宾语补足语
They proved themselves wise and brave.他们证实自己机智、勇敢.Facts have proved these worries groundless.事实证明,这些忧虑是没有理由的.(2)名词作宾语补足语
She proved herself an able secretary.她证实自己是个能干的秘书.He has proved himself a success.他已证明了自己是个成功者.(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语
All this proved him to be an honest man.这一切都证明他是一个诚实的人.The experiment proved his theory to be important to our research.实验证明他的理论对我们的研究是重要的.4.prove+宾语从句
Galileo proved that the earth and all other planets move around the sun.伽利略证实地球和所有其它的行星都是绕太阳运转的.But Einstein was able to prove that light coming from the stars was bent as it passed the sun.然而爱因斯坦却能证明从恒星来的光线当其经过太阳时变弯曲了.Can you prove where you were on May 10th?你能证实五月十日你在什么地方吗?
二、prove作“证明是;结果是;事实说明”解时,用作连系动词,无被动语态，可用于以下句型:
1.prove+形容词
The handbook proved most useful.这本手册证明很有用.The medicine proved satisfactory.结果证明这药疗效令人满意.2.prove+名词
She proved a very strict teacher.结果证明她是一位非常严格的老师.His efforts, however, proved a failure.但他的努力结果都失败了.3.prove+介词短语或副词
Perhaps this book will prove of some use to you in your studies.也许这本书会对你的研究有用处.The power station was completed and proved up to standard.这座发电站建成了,证明质量符合标准.4.prove+动词不定式
As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.随着时间的推移,爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的.She may prove to be the most suitable person for the job.结果她可能是最适合干这项工作的人.Lack 的用法
n.（名词）“不足”。通常用 “lack+of＋名词”。
a lack of money.缺乏金钱
Her only problem is lack of confidence.Lack of sleep had made him irritable.If he fails it won't be for/through lack of effort(= he has certainly tried).We won't be going on holiday this year-lack of funds, I'm afraid.He can’t endure the lack of food.没有食物，他再也坚持不下去了。
vt.（及物动词）缺乏；不足；没有
①To be entirely without or have very little of.缺乏：根本就没有或仅有一点
②To be in need of.需要
He just lacks a little confidence.What we lack in this house is space to store things.She lacks patience in dealing with children.（与孩子打交道她缺少耐心。）
We are lacking three members of staff due to illness.(注：说lack不用于进行时是站不住脚的)
vi.（不及物动词）还可作“缺乏，短少；不足；需要。常用进行时
①To be wanting or deficient:缺乏：处于匮乏或不足状态：
You will not be lacking in support from me.你将得到我的帮助
（注：这里把lacking处理为vi.，并没有作为adj.来得简单）
②To be in need of something:需要：需要某物：
I lacked for nothing.我不需要任何东西
She does not lack for friends.They lacked for nothing.他们无所需求（应有尽有）。
[用法拓展]
lack 构成的短语有：
be lacking:欠缺、缺：
be lacking in缺乏（某种品质、特点等）,不够
lack for 缺（多用于否定句）Lack+of＋名词： The plants died for lack of water.Lack+名词： We lack the strength to walk any further.lacking adj.be lacking If something that you need is lacking, you do not have enough of it:
Enthusiasm has been sadly lacking these past months at work.Money was lacking to complete the building.He is lacking in courage.他缺乏勇气。
Nothing is lacking but the will.什么都不缺，就缺意志。be lacking in sth to not have a quality:
He's totally lacking in charm.He is not lacking in intelligence.Philip was not lacking in ability.（菲力普并不缺少能力。）
His reception of us was lacking in warmth.（他对我们的接待缺少热情。）
Since she is young, she is lacking in experience.由于年轻，她缺乏经验。
[练习]
1.Many of our young workers ___ proper training.?
A.are lacking inB.are lackingC.lack forD.lack in[A]
2.We tried to settle the problem with them as soon as possible, but they seemed to____ sincerity.A.lack ofB.be lack ofC.lack inD.be lacking in(D)
3.Though________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A.lackedB.lacking ofC.lackingD.lacked in
<解答> Though lacking money是Though they are lacking money的省略句，其中lack是vt.。
4.Keep him at arm's length, as he is a guy being lacking ______ honesty.A.ofB.onC.inD.about(C)
5.That was another example of _____ experience.A.a lack ofB.lack fromC.their lack forD.their lack of
<解答>.D lack作及物动词时，后面直接用名词或代词做宾语；作不及物动词时常和for连用；作名词时常和of搭配使用。
6.--What caused the failure of the experiment?
--_____.(C)
A.Because of shortage of fundB.For lack of fundC.Lack of fundD.Due to lack of fund
7.The boss praised the young man for his hard work, though he ____ experience.A.is lack ofB.is lacking inC.lacks ofD.is lacking of
此题答案选B，be lacking in是习语，意为“缺乏”，其后通常接experience, frankness, courage等抽象名词。选A是错误的，因为lack可用做名词和动词，但不用做形容词；选C是错误的，因为lack用做动词时，它是及物动词，其后不用介词(注：用做名词的 lack后可接介词of)；选D是错误的，因为没有be lacking of这个搭配。
8.I'm sorry, We're ________that kind of trousers.Would you come back next week?
A.shortB.lackingC.in needD.short of（D）
[案例1.]
1.He can’t endure the lack of food.2.He can’t endure a lack of food.3.He can’t endure lack of food.Are they all correct?
Yes, they are, but number 3 would not be heard very often, simply because it's not so easy to say
smoothly.You need a hard stop between “endure” and “lack,” so even if you mean to say that, it tends to come out as “endure-uh lack.”
[案例2.]
The authorities declared that because of the war petrol was _____ and had to be rationed(定量供应).A.inadequateB.rareC.lackedD.scarce
[答] D.scarce.汽油供不应求，因此必须定量配给。
Scarce(=not available in sufficient quantity, not equal to the demand)不充足的，缺乏的，供不应求的。Inadequate 不适应的，不充分的。
lackvt./vi.(=be without;not have;have less than enough of)缺乏；没有；缺少，例如：
1）He lacks perseverance.(他缺乏坚定性。)
2)Money is lacking for the plan.(此计划尚缺钱。)
3)He is lacking in courage.(他缺乏勇气。)
be lacking in 常指缺乏某种品质、特点等。
lack作及物动词时，一般不用被动语态，故不能选C.lacked.4)They lacked for nothing.(他们什么也不缺。)有人认为，lack for是美国英语。
[案例3.]
I am lacking of practice or I am lacking practice.BE：正常表达的方式是:
“I haven't given a massage for a long time.I'm out of practice.”
If you want to use the verb “to lack”:
“I lack practice” or I'm lacking in practice“.[案例4.]
1.Lacking money, he couldn't spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.2.Lacking in money, he couldn't spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.Q：这两句是否都对？
答：１句对(lack sth.)；２句错（但语法结构并不错be lacking in sth.）.句２类似结构的关键是 be lacking in + quality
Lacking in courage, he would never leave home.Totally lacking in charm, he could not attract the audience.注：However, this is still not very idiomatic.I would expect:
Because he was lacking in courage, he never left home.[注意事项]
1．There is no lack of … 总用is/was单数形式
2．For lack of 里没有the
【问题探究】He is lack of money.问：lack 是名词，这里似乎是不能放be动词后的吧？
答：That’s water.名词有时也能用在be动词后。这似乎有些题外了。当然本题句是错误的，下面的都对：
1.He lacks money [lacks = verb]
2.He has a lack of money [lack = noun]
3.He is lacking in money [lacking = adjective]
”He is lack of money.“（X）
”He suffers from a lack of money/confidence /personality/etc.“(”Lack“ = noun.)（V）
”I can't meet you today for lack of time.“(”Lack“ = noun.)（V）
”Lacking“ 可以是adjective, 常用于be lacking in sth.结构。且那sth.应该是抽象的事物，故上面的句3也错误了。
题目句是错的。可以说: ”He is lacking money“ 或 ”he lacks money“.如果说 ”He is...“(如 ”He is a teacher“)那么就是在描述他什么, 也就是他自己不能是(a lack)< he cannot himself be 'a lack'>
有时人们把lack用与这样的句子，如 ”He lacks common sense/initiative“.'To lack' 是个很华丽的古英语动词, 但现在人们也许更可能用 ”He has no...".
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computer science
library sciencen.图书馆(管理)学
nutrition science n.营养科学 the study of human diet
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tourism
nursing
medicine医学（不是药学）
law
education
engineering
information technologyIT 信息技术
accounting
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archaeologyn.考古学
architecture n.建筑学
astronomy n.天文学（astro [前缀]表示“星,天体,宇宙”之义astronaut太空人, 宇航员agriculturen 农业学
anthropology n人类学（anthropoidn类人猿）
philosophy n 哲学
psychologyn 心理学
history
geography n.地理学, 地理
geologyn.地质学, 地质概况
chemistry
micro-biology微生物学
marine-biology海洋生物学
sociology
hospitality酒店管理 hotel management
botanyn.植物学
zoologyn.动物学, 生态
economics
electronics n.电子学
mathematics/ Maths
physicsn.物理学
physic医学, 医术, 泻药
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genetics遗传学
biochemistry生物化学
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