第一篇:5容易引起误解的句子
容易引起误解的句子
有些句子的意思,尤其是一些惯用句子的意思,我们是不能单从字面来理解的。下面就是一些常见的容易引起误解的句子: 第一组:
1.He is the last person to do such a thing.他决不会干这种事。She is the last woman I want to sit next to at dinner.她是我在宴席上最不愿意与之相邻就座的女子。
That's the last thing I should expect him to do.那是我最不可能指望他去做的事情。
注:“ the last + 名词 + 不定式或定语从句”中的 last 作“ least likely / suitable/ willing/ desirable ”解,即常常将 last 译为“最不可能的;最不合适的;最不愿意的;最不希望的”,而不作“最后的”解。
2.We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much.(= We cannot estimate the value of modern science much enough.= It is impossible to estimate the value of modern science too much/ much enough.)无论怎么重视现代科学的价值都不为过分。
We cannot be too careful in doing experiments.(= We cannot be careful enough in doing experiments.)我们做实验时无论怎样小心都不过分。
注:“ cannot/ could not„„ too + 形容词或副词 = cannot/ could not„„ + 形容词或副词 + enough ”。我们不能把第 1 句理解成:“我们不能过分估算现代科学的价值。”也不能把第 2 句理解成:“我们做实验时不能太小心。”
3.It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.无论怎样聪明的人也难免要犯错误。It is a long lane that has no turning.无论怎样长的巷子也有弯。
注:这个句子含有比较储蓄的让步意味。我们不能把第 1 句理解成:“从不犯错误的人是一个聪明的人。”也不能把第 2 句理解成:“那是一个没弯的长巷。” 4.If the sun were to rise in the west,I would not break my word.使太阳从西方出来,我也不会背弃我的诺言。
Were the danger even greater(= Even if the danger were greater),I should feel compelled to go.即使危险再大,我也觉得非去不可。
注:从形式上看上面句子中的从句像是条件状语从句,但实际上却是让步状语从句,因为其中的主句和从句在意义上形成鲜明的对照。若句子含条件状语从句,则从句表示的是条件,主句表示的是结果。下面句子中的从句就是条件状语从句:
If the sun were to rise in the west,I would break my word.如果太阳从西方出来,我就会背弃我的诺言。
Were the danger even greater,I should not go.如果危险再大一些,我就不去了。5.A mountain is not famous because it is high.山出名不在高。
I don't believe that he will come tomorrow.我相信他明天不会来。
Mary did not leave the office in order to meet Tom.玛莉离开办公室为的是不见汤姆。
注:上面这三句话中都包含一个被转移的否定词 not.因此不能把第 1 句理解成:“山不出名是因为高。”也很少将第 2 句转换成:“ I believe that he will not come tomorrow.”第 3 句可以转换成:“ Mary left the office in order not to meet Tom.”也可以将其理解成:“玛莉没离开办公室是为了见到汤姆”。为了避免产生上述歧义,我们最好说:“ It was in order to meet Tom that Mary did not leave the office.”(玛莉没离开办公室是为了见到汤姆。)和“ It was in order not to meet Tom that Mary left the office.”(玛莉离开办公室为的是不见汤姆。)6.Who in the world(on earth)told you that? 那事到底是谁告诉你的? 注:这里的 in the world(on earth)是用来加强语气,意思是“到底”,“究竟”,而不是“在世界上”。
7.He is too ready to talk 他爱说话。Men are too apt to forget.人们往往健忘。
We are only too pleased to work together with the workers.我们和工人们一起劳动,太高兴了。
They are but too glad to do so.他们非常喜欢这么做。
注:若 too 后面跟 ready,apt,likely 等形容词,或 only too,but too,all too 和 not too 后面跟一个形容词或副词,则后面的不定式没有否定意义。8.No man is so old but he may learn.(= No man is too old to learn.)
没有人因为太老而不能学(活到老学到老)。
I never go past my old school but I think(= without thinking)of Mr Wilkins,the headmaster.每当我走过我的母校时,都想起校长威尔金斯先生。
注:这里的 but 是从属连词,本身有否定含义,而不能被理解成“可是”。
第二组:英语中有些句子,乍看起来很简单,但是其中的某些词汇和搭配的可能跟常见的意义相去甚远,这时可千万不能望文生义哦!本文为大家总结了42个容易理解错误的句子和它们的正确翻译,赶快背下来吧!1.Do you have a family?你有孩子吗?
2.It’s a good father that knows his son。就算是最好的父亲,也未必了解自己的儿子。3.I have no opinion of that sort of man。我对这类人很反感。
4.She put 5 dollars into my hand, “you have been a great man today.”
她把5美圆塞到我手上说:“你今天表现得很好。” 5.I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two。
我是最小的儿子,但是我还有两个妹妹。6.The picture flattered her。她比较上照。
7.The country not agreeing with her, she returned to England。
她在那个国家水土不服,所以回到了英国。8.He is a walking skeleton。他很瘦。
9.The machine is in repair。机器已经修好了。
10.He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty。
他让法官的职责战胜了父子的亲情,最终宣布儿子有罪。11.You don’t know what you are talking about。你在胡说八道。12.You don’t begin to understand what they mean。
你根本不知道他们在干嘛。(don’t begin :决不)13.They didn’t praise him slightly。他们大大地表扬了他。14.That’s all I want to hear。我已经听够了。
15.I wish I could bring you to see my point。你要我怎么说你才能明白呢。16.You really flatter me。你让我受宠若惊。
17.He made a great difference。有他没他结果完全不一样。
18.You cannot give him too much money。你给他再多的钱也不算多。
19.The long exhausting trip proved too much。这次旅行矿日持久,我们都累倒了。20.The monk is only not a dead man。这个和尚虽然活着,但跟死了差不多。
21.A surgeon made a cut in the patient’s stomach。外科医生在病人胃部打了个洞。22.You look darker after the holiday。你看上去更健康了。23.As luck would have it, he was caught by the teacher again。不幸的是,他又一次被老师逮个正着 24.She held the little boy by the right hand。
她抓着小男孩的右手。(若将“by”换成“with”,则动作主语完全相反。)25.Are you there?等于句型:Do you follow me? 26.If you think he is a good man, think again。如果你认为他是好人,那你就大错特错了。27.She has blue eyes。她长着双蓝眼睛。28.That took his breath away。他大惊失色。
29.Two is company but three is none。两人成伴,三人不欢。
30.The elevator girl reads between passengers。开电梯的姑娘在没有乘客时看书。
(between=without。相同用法:She modeled between roles.译成:她不演戏时去客串下模特。)31.Students are still arriving。学生还没有到齐。
32.I must not stay here and do nothing。我不能什么都不做待在这儿。33.They went away as wise as they came。他们一无所获。34.I won’t do it to save my life。我死也不会做。
35.Nonsense, I don’t think his painting is any better than yours。胡说,我认为他的画比你好不到哪去。
36.Traditionally, Italian presidents have been seen and not heard。这个总统有名无权。37.Better late than never。迟做总比不做好。38.You don’t want to do that。你不应该去做。
39.My grandfather is nearly ninety and in his second childhood。
我祖父快90岁了,什么事都需要别人来做。40.Work once and work twice。一次得手,再次不愁。41.Rubber easily gives way to pressure。橡胶很容易变形。
42.If my mother had known of it she’d have died a second time。
要是我妈妈知道了,她会从棺材里爬起来。
第三组:中国人经常“误解”的英语词句 1.日常用语类
lover 情人(不是“爱人”)busboy 餐馆勤杂工(不是“公汽售票员”)busybody 爱管闲事的人(不是“大忙人”)dry goods(美)纺织品;(英)谷物(不是“干货”)heartman 做心脏移植手术的人(不是“有心人”)mad doctor 精神病科医生(不是“发疯的医生”)eleventh hour 最后时刻(不是“十一点”)blind date(由第三者安排的)男女初次会面(并非“盲目约会”或“瞎约会”)dead president 美钞(上印有总统头像)(并非“死了的总统”)personal remark 人身攻击(不是“个人评论”)sweet water 淡水(不是“糖水”)confidence man 骗子(不是“信得过的人”)criminal lawyer 刑事律师(不是“犯罪的律师”)service station 加油站
rest room 厕所(不是“休息室”)dressing room 化妆室(不是“试衣室”或“更衣室”)sporting house 妓院(不是“体育室”)horse sense 常识(不是“马的感觉”)capital idea 好主意(不是“资本主义思想”)familiar talk 庸俗的交谈(不是“熟悉的谈话”)black tea 红茶(不是“黑茶”)black art 妖术(不是“黑色艺术”)black stranger 完全陌生的人(不是“陌生的黑人”)white coal(作动力来源用的)水
white man 忠实可靠的人(不是“皮肤白的人”)yellow book 黄皮书(法国政府报告书,以黄纸为封)(不是“黄色书籍”)red tape 官僚习气(不是“红色带子”)green hand 新手(不是“绿手”)blue stocking 女学者、女才子(不是“蓝色长统袜”)China policy 对华政策(不是“中国政策”)Chinese dragon 麒麟(不是“中国龙”)American beauty 红蔷薇(不是“美国美女”)English disease 气管炎(不是“英国病”)Indian summer 愉快宁静的晚年(不是“印度的夏日”)Greek gift 害人的礼品(不是“希腊礼物”)Spanish athlete 吹牛的人(不是“西班牙运动员”)French chalk 滑石粉(不是“法国粉笔”)2.表达方式类
Look out!当心!(不是“向外看”)What a shame!多可惜!真遗憾!(不是“多可耻”)You don't say!是吗!(不是“你别说”)You can say that again!说得好!(不是“你可以再说一遍”)I haven't slept better.我睡得好极了。(不是“我从未睡过好觉”)You can't be too careful in your work.你工作越仔细越好。(不是“你工作不能太仔细”)It has been 4 years since I smoked.我戒烟4年了。(不是“我抽烟4年了”)All his friends did not turn up.他的朋友没全到。(不是“他的朋友全没到”)People will be long forgetting her.人们在很长时间内会记住她的。(不是“人们会永远忘记她”)He was only too pleased to let them go.他很乐意让他们走。(不是“他太高兴了,不愿让他们走 It can't be less interesting.它无聊极了。(不是”它不可能没有趣“)3.成语类
pull one's leg 开玩笑(不是”拉后腿“)in one's birthday suit 赤身裸体(不是”穿着生日礼服“)eat one's words 收回前言(不是”吃话“)an apple of love 西红柿(不是”爱情之果“)handwriting on the wall 不祥之兆(不是”大字报“)bring down the house 博得全场喝彩(不是”推倒房子“)have a fit 勃然大怒(不是”试穿“)make one's hair stand on end 令人毛骨悚然-恐惧(不是”令人发指--气愤“)be taken in 受骗,上当(不是”被接纳“)think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己(不是”为自己想得很多“)pull up one's socks 鼓起勇气(不是”提上袜子“)have the heart to do(用于否定句)忍心做....。不是”有心做“或”有意做")She's really green, she looks nervous.(她是新手,看起来很紧张)She thinks she has a crush on John.(她认为她爱上约翰了)Man:)You look very beautiful(你很漂亮)(Girl:)Get out of here.(别骗了)第四组:高考单选英语陷阱-词义误解型
有许多所谓的陷阱题,倒不是因为句子结构有多么复杂,用词多么生僻,而是因为其中 有个别词(尤其是其中的关键词)的词义很容易误解,或是同学们对此平时没引起足够的重视,对这类词理解不准,在运用时其词义在脑海中模棱两可,从而导致做题失误。下面请看几道实例:
1.Mr.Black, who is a _____, is now in love with Miss Smith, who is a _____.A.cooker, typewriter B.cook, typist C.cooker, typist D.cook, typewriter 汉语中的“厨师”,说成英语是cook,还是cooker?汉语说“打字员”,说成英语是typist,还是typewriter?你若分不清,此题将无法做对。此题正确答案为B,但容易误选A,许多同学想当然地认为:cook用做动词,表示“煮饭”,所以cooker应是其相应的名词,表示“煮饭的人”,即“厨师”;type用做动词,表示“打字”,所以typewriter应表示“打字员”。而事实是:cook =厨师,cooker =炊具;typist =打字员,typewriter =打字机。比较: The cook bought a new cooker.这个厨师买了件新炊具。
The typist bought a new typewriter.这个打字员买了台新打字机。2.They decided to _____ their new product on TV.A.advertise
B.advertise on C.advertise for D.advertise to D.advertise
是及物动词还是不及物动词?或者既可用做及物动词也可用做不及物动词,只是含义不同?要表示为某物打广告以便将其卖出,其英语表达是advertise sth,还是advertise for sth?这个介词for该不该用?或者用与不用有什么区别?
I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldn't listen.A.persuaded
B.tried to persuade
C.have persuaded
D.was persuaded persuade的真正意思是“说服”,还是“设法说服”?换句话说,它是表示“说服”的过程,还是表示“说服”的结果?你想知道以上问题的答案吗?请听下文分解。
These ______ much alike that I can't tell which is which.A.twin looks B.twins look C.twin look D.twins looks 此题容易误选C,误认为twin的意思是“双胞胎”,指两个,表复数意义。其实,此题的正确答案为B,twin的意思是“孪生子之一”或“双胞胎之一”,英文解释为either of two children born of the same mother at the same time,即它指的是两者中的一个,而不是两个,要表示双胞胎,要用复数twins。
类似地,parent的意思是“父(母)亲,父亲或母亲”,其英文解释是the father or mother of a person or animal。要表示“父母双亲”,要用复数parents。如:Where are your parents?你父母在哪儿?Denise and Martin have recently become parents.丹尼斯和马丁最近当爸爸妈妈了。Being a parent can be hard work.为人父母是件很辛苦的事。To have good children one must be a good parent.要想培育出好的孩子,自己必须要是好的父母。3.是advertise sth还是advertise for sth
If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.A.advertise
B.advertise for C.advertise on
D.advertise to 此题正确答案为A,但容易误选B,认为advertise的意思是“做广告”,advertise for的意思是“为„„做广告”。事实上,advertise可用做及物和不及物动词,及物时,其意为“为„„做广告”、“登广告宣传”;不及物时,其意为“做广告”、“登广告”,此时通常后接介词for,表示“做广告征求”。比较:advertise for sth(sb)广告征求或寻找某物或某人
(此时advertise不及物)advertise sth为„„登广告,登广告宣传„„(此时advertise是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语)He advertised for a new secretary.他登广告招聘一名新秘书。People advertise things that they wish to sell.人们为要卖的东西登广告。
再比较:advertise jobs登广告招人,advertise for jobs登广告求职
(1)We must _____ the people heart and soul.A.serve
B.serve for
C.serve to
D.serve on
答案选A,serve意为“为„„服务”,可直接用做及物动词,其后不能按汉语意思误加 介词for。
(2)I _____ you yesterday, but you weren't in.A.rang
B.rang to
C.rang with
D.rang to
答案选A,ring可以用做及物动词,表示“给„„打电话”,故其后不用介词。
(3)How can I _____ you? A.contact
B.contact with
C.contact to
D.contact for
答案选A,contact为及物动词,表示“与„„联系”,其后不接介词。4.There are five pairs, but I'm at a loss which _____ to buy.A.to be chosen
B.to choose from C.to choose
D.for choosing 此题容易误选C,其实应选B。choose表示“选择”,其实是指“选择出来”(pick out),而不是指“从„„选择”,要表示后者的意思,要用choose from,有时也用choose among。同样地,下面两例中的介词from也不可省略:
Here are some books for you to choose from.这些书可供你选择。
There are too many cakes to choose from.蛋糕太多了,不知要选哪个好。
比较:He didn't know what to choose.他不知道选什么。
He didn't know what to choose from.他不知道从哪儿去选。5.They kept trying _____ they must have known it was hopeless.A.if
B.because C.when
D.where 此题最佳答案为C,when在此的意思不是“当„„的时候”,而是“尽管”、“虽然”的意思。又如:He walks when he might take a taxi.尽管他可以坐出租车,但他却走路。He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time.尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了,但他却停止努力了。The boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully.这男孩子本来应该专心听老师讲的,但他却坐立不安。
有许多同学只知道when表示“当„„的时候”,而不知道它还有其他许多意思,除上面提到的表示“尽管”、“虽然”外,when还可表示“既然”、“考虑到”。如:Why do you want a new job when you've got such a good one already? 既然你有了这么好的一份工作,你为什么还要找新的工作呢?
6.persuade是“说服”还是“设法说服”
I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldn't listen.A.persuaded
B.tried to persuade
C.have persuaded
D.was persuaded 此题正确答案为B,但容易误选A。persuade的真正意思是“说服”,而不是“设法说服”,要表示后者的意思英语应用try to persuade(当然也可用其他词,如advise等)。类似地:kill的意思是“杀死”,不表示“设法杀死”,要表示后者的意思英语用try to kill;prevent 的意思是“阻止”,不表示“设法阻止”,要表示后者的意思英语用try to prevent等等。
(4)“What did he ask you?” “_____ I would be late.”
That
B.When
C.Where
D.Whether 此题选D,为He asked me whether I would be late.之省略。7..If not, not作何解
If the weather is fine, we'll go.If _____, _____.A.not, not
B.no, no
C.not, no
D.no, not
此题应选A。If not, not.为If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go.之省略,全句意为“如果天气好,我们就去;如果天气不好,我们就不去”。该句的特点是:后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同,只是前句为肯定,后句为否定,为了简洁起见,于是将后句与前句相同部分省略,只保留否定词not。
If it is cheap, I'll buy it.If not, not.如果这东西便宜,我就买;如果不便宜,我就不买。If you study hard, you'll succeed.If not, not.你若努力,你就会成功;你若不努力,你就不会成功。
If you start at once, you'll catch the train.If not, not.你若马上动身,你就会赶上火车;你若不马上动身,你就赶不上火车了。请再看以下例子(只保留否定词not)。如:
“Can you repair it yourself?” “I am afraid not.”“你自己会修吗?”“恐怕不行。”(I'm afraid not.为I am afraid I can't repair it myself.之省略,注意不能说I'm not afraid,后者的意思是“我不怕”)“Did you know anything about it?” “Not until you told me.”“这事你以前知道吗?”“你告诉我才知道。”(Not until you told me.为I didn't know anything about it until you told me.之省略)“Will it rain today?” “I hope not.”“今天会下雨吗?”“希望不会。”(I hope not.为I hope it will not rain today.之省略)8.“She's not a dancing teacher, is she?” “_____.”
A.Yes, and she isn't
B.Yes, but she was C.No, but she isn't
D.No, but she was 此题最佳答案为D,可视为No, she isn't.But she was a dancing teacher.之省略,即其意为“她现在不是舞蹈教师,但她过去是”。此题也可以这样回答:No, but she used to be.9.请补出此句省略的if从句
She's too thin.She ____ gain some weight but she _____ too little.A.would, ate
B.will, eats C.would, eats
D.will, ate 此题有些难度,许多同学不知如何分析。我们先根据题目所提供的选项将句意大致概括出来:她太瘦了。她会增加体重的,但她吃得太少了。根据句首She's too thin这一所给信息可知,“她瘦”应是客观事实。按照一般的常识,“吃得少”就会导致“瘦”,“吃得多”就会导致“胖”,根据句首的信息,“她瘦”是客观事实,所以她“吃得少”也应是事实,因此第二空应填eats(即用一般现在时表示现在的事实)。根据上面的分析:“她瘦”和“她吃得少”均为现在的事实,那么“她体重会增加”就应是假设(注意句中的转折连词but),所以第一空应填would,其实,此句可理解为其后省略了一个条件状语if she ate more(如果她多吃一点的话)。此题最佳答案选C。
10.是you还是me,或是I还是you “I like you more than her, my dear.” “You mean more than _____love her or more than she loves _____?”
A.you, me
B.she, you C.I, me
D.I, you 做对此题的关键是要弄清填空句是个省略句,补充完整为:You mean that you love me more than you love her or that you love me more than she loves me? 句意为:“你是说你爱我胜过你爱她,还是说你爱我胜过她爱我?”所以最佳答案应选A。11.“Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?” “I______, but I had an unexpected visitor.”
A.had
B.would C.was going to
D.did 此题应选C,为I was going to come.之省略,意为“我本来是打算来的”,这与其后but I had an unexpected visitor的语境刚好吻合。注意不能选would,因为它没有“打算”之意。12.until spoken to是如何省略来的
He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _____ to.A.spoken
B.speaking C.speak
D.be spoken 此题容易误选B,认为until是介词,后接动词时用动名词形式。其实,此题应选A,until spoken to为until he is spoken to之省略。句意为“他是个沉默寡言的人,别人不同他说话,他很少同别人说话”。按英语习惯,一些表示时间、地点、条件、方式、让步等的状语从句,若其主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语包含动词be,那么可将从句的主语和动词be省略:
You must study hard while(you are)young, or you will regret when(you are)old.趁年轻时要努力学习,不然到老了你会后悔的。
I won't go unless(I am)invited.我不会去,除非请我。
Look out for cars when(you are)crossing the streets.过马路时要注意汽车。
While(I was)waiting I was reading some old magazines.等的时候我在看一些旧杂志。
He worked very hard though(he was)still rather poor in health.尽管身体还不好,但他仍努力工作。
He will work hard wherever(he is)sent by the Party.无论党把他派往哪里,他都会努力工作。
(1)If _____ carefully, the experiment will be successful.A.do
B.does
C.done
D.doing
答案选C,可视为if it is carefully done之省略。
(2)The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins
B.having begun
C.beginning
D.begun 答案选D,可视为once it is begun之省略。13.If not more than是个省略结构
In that month, he earned as much as, if ____ than, $40 000.A.no more
B.not more C.no much
D.not much
此题最佳答案应是B。if not more than实际为if he didn't earn more than $40 000之省略。
请看类似试题(答案均选B):
(1)Her pronunciation is as good as, if ____than, her teacher's.A.no better
B.not better
C.no good
D.not good
(2)This church is as old as, if _____ than, that one.A.no older
B.not older
C.no old
D.not old
(3)He has read the book as many as, if _____ than, five times.A.no more
B.not more
C.no much
D.not much 14.如何理解这个not
They are different in form but _____ in meaning.A.not
B.no C.aren't
D.don't
最佳答案选A,but not in meaning为but they are not different in meaning之省略。
(1)In the accident the child was hurt, but the mother _____.A.killing
B.to kill
C.killed
D.kill
最佳答案选C,but the mother killed.为but the mother was killed之省略。
(2)The apartment's fine for two people, but_____.A.no more
B.no any
C.not more
D.not any
最佳答案选C,but not more.为but it is not fine for more than two people.之省略。15.做对此题要结合语境和省略? “Everyone says you are a good student.You never sleep in class, do you?”
“_____.”
A.Yes, never
B.Yes, sometimes
C.No, sometimes
D.Oh, really 答案选B,答句是针对You never sleep in class, do you? 这一问句来回答的,Yes, sometimes.为Yes, I do.Sometimes I sleep in class.之省略,其意为“不,我上课有时睡觉”。其余几项不合语境。
“You've never been to the village, have you?” “____.It is the most beautiful village I've ever seen.”
A.No, never
B.No, I have C.No, only once
D.Yes, only once
答案选D,Yes, only once.为Yes, I have.But I've been there only once.之省略,句意为“不,我去过,但只去过一次”。注意句末的It is the most beautiful village I've ever seen.表明“我”去过那儿,所以不能选A。英语单选易错100题
1.Stop making so much noise ____ the neighbor will start complaining.A.or else
B.but still
C.and then
D.so that
2.We hope to go to the beach tomorrow, but we won't go ____ it's raining.A.if
B.when
C.though
D.because 3.——The weather is too cold ____ March this year.——It was still ____ when I came here years ago.A.for;colder
B.in;cold
C.in;hot
D.for;hotter 4.——How much vinegar did you put in the soup?
——I'm sorry to say, ____.I forget.A.no
B.no one
C.nothing
D.none
5.He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ____, refusing them when they turn to him.A.if never
B.if ever
C.if not
D.if any
6.——What should I wear to attend his wedding party?
——Dress ____ you like.A.what
B.however
C.whatever
D.how
7.——The research on the new bird flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding.Who do
you think can do the job?
——____ my students have a try?
A.Shall
B.Must
C.Will
D.May
8.I'd like to live somewhere ____ the sun shines all year long.A.which
B.that
C.where
D.in which
9.I ____ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldn't get away.A.was planning
B.planned
C.had planned
D.would plan 10.——Your book, Tommy?
——No, Mom, it's my friend's.——Remember to return it to ____ name is on it.A.what
B.which
C.whose
D.whosever
11.Thank you for sending us ____ fresh vegetables of many kinds.You have done us ____ a great service.A.不填;a
B.the;a
C.不填;不填
D.the;不填
12.Now that we ____ all the money, it's no use turning on me and saying it's all my fault.A.had lost
B.lost
C.have lost
D.lose
13.We had a really bad time about six months ago but now things are ____.A.looking up
B.coming up
C.making up
D.turning up 14.——When did it begin to snow?
——It started ____ the night.A.during
B.by
C.from
D.at
15.Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.A.the;the
B.a;不填
C.不填;不填
D.不填;the
16.____ from endless homework on weekends, the students now find their own activities,such as taking a ride together to watch the sunrise.A.Freed
B.Freeing
C.To free
D.having freed 17.——So you missed the meeting.——____.I got there five minutes before it finished.A.Not at all
B.Not exactly
C.Not especially
D.Not really 18.——Do you mind if I smoke?
——____
A.Why not?
B.Yes, help yourself
C.Go ahead
D.Yes, but you'd better not 19.——We must thank you for taking the trouble to cook us a meal.——____.A.With pleasure
B.It doesn't matter
C.It was no trouble at all
D.By all means 20.____ the temperature might drop, coal was prepared for warming.A.To consider
B.Considered
C.Considering
D.To be considered 21.——Tom, you are caught late again.—— Oh, ____.A.not at all
B.just my luck
C.never mind
D.that's all right 22.——What do you think of the concert?
——I really enjoy it.I didn't expect it was ____ wonderful.A.as
B.more
C.most
D.very
23.The engineers made two big plans for the dam, ____ was never put in force.A.one of them
B.which
C.one of which
D.every one of which 24.I have no one ____ me, for I am a new comer here.A.help
B.helping
C.to help
D.to have helped
25.The little girl couldn't work the problem out.She wasn't ____ clever.A.that
B.much
C.enough
D.too 26.Listen!His family must be quarrelling, ____?
A.mustn't it
B.isn't it
C.aren't they
D.needn't they 27.The police have ____ power to deal with such matters by ____ law.A.the;the
B.不填;不填
C.不填;the
D.the;不填
28.Jack felt unhappy as they all went outing ____ him.A.except
B.but
C.without
D.besides
29.That she hadn't kept her ____ on her work resulted in the failure.A.head
B.heart
C.brain
D.mind
30.——Did your sister pass the exam?
——She failed and is in low spirits.——I'm sorry for her.——____.A.Thank you
B.You're welcome
C.I would think so
D.Never mind 31.The students spent as much time getting trained as they ____ studying.A.disliked
B.were
C.had
D.did
32.It was believed that things would get worse, but ____ it is they are getting better.A.before
B.after
C.because
D.as 33.As time went by, the plan stuck ____ fairly practical.A.to proved
B.to proving
C.proved
D.to be proved 34.More than one ____ the people heart and soul.A.official has served
B.officials have served C.official has served for
D.officials have served for
35.The president stood by a window inside the room, ____, looking over the square.A.where I entered
B.into which I entered
C.which I entered
D.that I entered 36.Though I ____ to go abroad, I changed my mind and decided to stay with my family.A.had wanted
B.wanted
C.would want
D.did want 37.My brother is very tall.The little bed won't ____ for him.A.prepare
B.match
C.fit
D.do
38.——Thank you so much for the lovely evening, Dennis.——You're quite welcome, Julie.____.We'd been looking forward to seeing you.A.Were glad to meet you
B.I'm afraid you didn't have a good time
C.Thank you for your coming
D.Just stay a little longer, please 39.Scientists say they have found a way to produce the human body's own cancer-killing
cells through gene treatment, ____ new hope to cancer sufferers.A.offering
B.showing
C.taking
D.making
40.We are going to discuss the way of reading works ____ it is used for real life purposes,and this should give you a better understanding of it.A.that
B.which
C.where
D.when
41.——The dinner was delicious!
——I agree.I am so full.——That's too bad.But some dessert ____.A.has ordered
B.will be ordered
C.has been ordered
D.was going to be ordered 42.——This wall of air is an effective answer to the problem and it ____ work.——But it is a question to put such a wall of air around the statue.A.may
B.must
C.should
D.could
43.We should know that we can only reach the top if we are ready to ____ and learn from failure.A.deal with
B.depend on
C.carry on
D.go with 44.——Good evening.I ____ to see Miss Jessic.——Oh!Good evening.I'm sorry, but she is not in.A.came
B.come
C.have come
D.had come
45.——Please call me at 8:00 tomorrow morning.I'm kind of forgetful.——Don't worry about that, you'll be surely ____.A.reminded
B.told
C.warned
D.informed 46.——What's the matter with Tim?
——Oh, Tim's cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ____ again.A.to find
B.to be found
C.finding
D.being found
47.A terrible earthquake happened in that district at the end of 2004, ____ many countries in
the world paid close attention to this.A.where
B.when
C.which
D.what 48.——How come a simple meal like this costs so much?
——We have ____ in your bill the cost of the cup you broke just now.A.added
B.included
C.contained
D.charged 49.——You didn't wait for Mr.Black last night, did you?
——No, but we ____.He didn't return home at all.A.couldn't have
B.needn't have
C.didn't need to
D.should wait have 50.——How do you think I should receive the reporter?
——____ you feel about him, try to be polite.A.How
B.What
C.Whatever
D.However
51.____ has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public
vehicles remains a serious problem.A.That
B.What
C.In spite of what
D.Though what 52.As we have much time left, let's discuss the matter ____ tea and cake.A.over
B.with
C.by
D.at
53.Mr.Black must be worried about something.You can ____ it from the look on his face.A.reason
B.recognize
C.read
D.realize 54.——Can I pay the bill by check?
——Sorry, sir.But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment ____ be made in cash.A.shall
B.need
C.will
D.can
55.If you win the competition, you will be given ____ to Europe for two.A.a free 7-day trip
B.a free trip for 7-day
C.a 7-day free trip
D.a trip for 7-day free
56.——Hey, Kelin.Happy new year!____?
——Ok, I guess.My grandma kept cooking and cooking, so I just kept eating.A.How was your break
B.How is your grandma
C.Where did you go for holiday
D.What did you do in your holiday
57.——Would you mind giving your advice on how to improve our business management?
——if you make ____ most of the equipment, there will be ____ rise in production.A.不填;不填
B.the;a
C.不填;a
D.the;不填
58.——Will $200 ____ the cost of the damage?
——I'm afraid not.I need at least $100 more.A.do
B.include
C.cover
D.afford
59.If you live in the country or have ever visited there, ____ are that you have heard birds
singing to welcome the new day.A.situations
B.facts
C.dances
D.possibilities 60.I ____ you, but I didn't think you would listen to me.A.could have told
B.must have told
C.should tell
D.might rell 61.This problem may lead to more serious ones if ____ unsolved.A.making
B.remained
C.keeping
D.left 62.I have no dreams ____ to have a happy life.A.rather than
B.more than
C.other than
D.less than 63.——You know Mr.Green has been ill for days?
——Yes, I wonder if he is ____ better now.A.some
B.much
C.any
D.no
64.$100 a month could hardly ____ the cost of his life in such a big city in this country.A.spend
B.take
C.cover
D.meet
65.Working in the kitchen for years made Tom ____ a good cook.A.for
B.into
C.of
D.as
66.She was such a proud person that she would die ____ she would admit she was wrong.A.rather than
B.until
C.after
D.before
67.——Are you through with your homework?
—— Well, ____.A.sort of
B.go ahead
C.why not
D.that's OK
68.—— What field will your son go into after graduation from Nanjing University?
——I'm not quite certain, but he ____ a good teacher of English.A.promises
B.becomes
C.makes
D.proves
69.My mother is always warning me when I go out, “Don't get off the bus ____ it is stopping.”
A.until
B.before
C.while
D.after
70.The dance performed by the disabled actors is really a hit, but years ago no one ____ they were to achieve such great success.A.must have imagined
B.could have imagined
C.should have imagined
D.would have imagined 71.The young lady prefers dressing up for a party to ____ by others.A.be noticed
B.being noticed
C.having been noticed
D.have been noticed 72.Before the war broke out, many people ____ possessions they could not take with them.A.threw away
B.put away
C.gave away
D.carried away
73.____ the pressure from work, teachers have to deal with psychological problems caused 6 by interpersonal relationship.A.As far as
B.As long as
C.As well as
D.As soon as 74.——I hear your aunt likes travel, music, clothes and fine food.——Oh, yeah, and music may have been ____ of her tastes.A.the rather more respectable
B.much the most respectable C.very the most respectable
D.even more respectable one 75.____ children tend to prefer sweets to meat.A.The most
B.Most
C.Most of
D.The most of the 76.——He looks very hot and dry.——So ____ if you had a temperature of 103.A.would you
B.will you
C.would you have been
D.do you
77.In 1927 Benjamin Franklin founded one of the first adult-education organizations, ____ the Junto.A.has been called
B.to call
C.a group called
D.which group called 78.The car ____ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine o'clock tonight.A.went
B.is going
C.goes
D.will be going 79.——You didn't invite Mary to the ball? ——____ her, too?
A.Must I invite
B.Should I have invited
C.Must I have invited
D.Should I invite
80.The number 9.11 is a special number, ____, I think, that will be remembered by the Americans forever.A.what
B.it
C.which
D.one
81.Will you see to ____ that my birds are looked after well while I'm away?
A.them
B.yourself
C.it
D.me
82.Many teens don't get enough sleep because they have too much homework, which ____
them up at night.A.makes
B.breaks
C.turns
D.keeps 83.——Ms Lin looks rather a kind lady.——But in fact she is cold and hard on us.You ____ believe it!A.shouldn't
B.wouldn't
C.mustn't
D.needn't
84.The program is like a window on the world ____ you sit by it and fix your attention on what it shows.A.if
B.as
C.while
D.unless
85.___ the search engine just gave me some brief introductions rather than the whole content of the book to read.A.Luckily
B.Mostly
C.Funnily
D.Disappointingly 86.——Did you know any French before you arrived in Washington?
——Never ____ it, actually.A.had I learned
B.have I learned
C.I learned
D.was I learning
87.In fact, more and more people ____ to live a greener, healthier and more environmentally “green life”.A.chose
B.choose
C.are choosing
D.have chosen
88.A special dinner there might include Chinese pork dish, British roast beef and French-style vegetables.Boiled rice ____ just about everything.A.is served with
B.will serve
C.serves with
D.is served
89.The professor walked onto the platform and seated himself in a chair, ____ for answering questions.A.had prepared
B.being prepared
C.preparing
D.prepared
90.In Scandinavian countries it is common ____ for the husband to stay at home to look after the baby.A.use
B.sense
C.practice
D.idea 91.——Why was our foreign teacher unhappy yesterday?
——News about the tsunami striking her country ____ an attack of homesickness.A.set for
B.set out
C.set about
D.set off
92.——We are informed that the Weifang International Kite Festival starts at 7:00.——Oh, I didn't expect it was so early!I ____ to go out for dinner with my friends first.A.was planning
B.am planning
C.have been planning
D.have planned 93.____ abroad for a tour can be a great honor for an ordinary person like me.A.Taken
B.Taking
C.Being taken
D.Having been taken 94.——Did your classmate accept your invitation?
——No, he ____ refused.A.as far as
B.as well as
C.as soon as
D.as good as
95.I spent the whole day repairing the motorbike.The work was ____ simple.A.nothing but
B.anything but
C.something of
D.all except 96.——Not getting that job was a big let-down.——Don't worry.Something better will ____.A.come along
B.take on
C.go by
D.fall behind
97.____ the help of experienced career instructors, this type of job-hunting training ____ to be very efficient.A.By;has proved
B.With;has proved
C.Under;is proving
D.With;is proved 98.To get as much firsthand information as possible, inspectors will hold workshops and distribute questionnaires, ____?
A.isn't it
B.won't it
C.aren't they
D.won't they 99.It's a bad practice to ____ children much money as a New Year gift.A.promise
B.permit
C.admit
D.allow
100.By the time you arrive home, I ____, so please don't make any noise when you come in.A.shall have been sleeping
B.shall have slept
C.shall sleep
D.shall be sleeping
第二篇:容易误解的成语
容易“误解”的成语举例
成语归类
(一)文不加点:“点”是圈点、涂改的意思,形容文章写得很好,很流畅。误解为文章没有标点。
目无全牛:形容一个人技艺高超、熟练。误解为只有局部没有全体观念。耳提面命:形容教导很恳切。误解为处罚。
不假思索:“假”为借助之意,形容反应快,思维敏捷。误为贬义词,指不动脑子思考问题。
对簿公堂:“簿”为文状起诉书之类,是指在公堂上受审。误解为打官司。五风十雨:五天一刮风十天一下雨,形容风调雨顺。误解为天气不好或人脾气不好。
令人发指:形容极度愤怒。误解为令人害怕。
三人成虎:指谣言或讹传一再重复就使人信以为真。误解为团结就有力量。曲尽其妙:“曲”是委婉曲折的意思,指表述的技巧十分高明。误解为歌曲音乐很美。
危言危行:“危”是正直的意思,指讲正直的话,做正直的事。误解为危险的言行举止。
久假不归:“假”是借助之意,指久借不归还。误解为请假很久不回来。不赞一词:指文章写得很好,别人不能添一句话。误解为没有一句称赞的话。不易之论:“易”是变更的意思,指论点完全正确。误解为不容易的、很难得的话。
因人成事:“因”是依赖的意思,指依赖别人把事情做好。误解为因为别人事情才得以完成。
不足为训:“训”是准则的意思,指不值得作为效法的准则。误解为不值得去教训、训斥。不刊之论:“刊”是变更的意思,指不可删除的言论,指话很好。误解为不能刊发的言论。
笔走龙蛇:形容草书笔势遒劲洒脱。误解为写字很潦草。
邯郸学步:比喻模仿别人不成连自己原来会的都忘了。误解为单纯的模仿。口无择言:说话无需选择,说话都很正确。误解为说话不注意场合、对象。细大不捐:“捐”是舍弃的意思,指大小都要,兼容并蓄。误解为不捐献,一毛不拔。
心广体胖:原指人胸襟广体质安详,后指人心舒展无牵挂。误解为心态好身体就长胖。
惺惺相惜:是指聪明人爱聪明人,形容同类人相互爱惜。误解为假惺惺。乐山乐水:形容爱好喜好山水。误解为对山水很快乐。
一挥而就:形容文思敏捷或笔法娴熟。误解为一动手就可以完成事情。倚马可待:形容文思敏捷很快很好写出文章。误解为等的时间很长。洛阳纸贵:形容著作作品很有价值。误解为物价飞涨。下里巴人:指通俗的文艺作品。误解为地处偏远言语粗俗的人。功败垂成:事情将近成功时遭遇失败。误解为成功和失败的关键。大方之家:指有见识、有远见的人。误解为出手很慷慨的人。
坐地分赃:指匪首在家里分抢偷来的东西而自己不去。误解为平均分赃。蹉跎岁月:虚度光阴。误解为岁月艰难。
差强人意:能振奋人心,表示能够让人满意。误解为很糟糕很差,与人的想法要求相差很远。
惨淡经营:下笔前竭力劳神构思,也指苦心经营。误解为经营不善,很萧条。
凤毛麟角:比喻罕见而珍贵的人或物。误解为很少。
毁家纾难:指捐献全部的家产以缓解国家的灾难,多指有影响的人。误解为灾难中家破人亡。振聋发聩:用言论文章唤起糊涂的人使他们清醒。误解为声音很大。
不愠不火:指戏曲艺术不沉闷不急促。误解为人的性格很温和。
不以为然:不认为是对的。误解为不把事情当回事。
以耳代目:形容不亲自调查研究,专门听信他人的话。误解为一个人很高明。
身无寸缕:形容生活极度贫困。误解为不穿衣服。
成语归类
(二)情感色彩有两面的成语举例
粗枝大叶:形容文字或说话很简洁很概括。(褒)
形容说话做事不认真不细致。(贬)
瞻前顾后:比喻做事考虑周密很细致。(褒)
形容顾虑太多犹豫不决。(贬)
左右逢源:事情不管怎样都进行得很顺利。(褒)
比喻为人处事很圆滑。(贬)
引火烧身:比喻主动暴露自己的问题争取帮助。(褒)
比喻自讨苦吃或自取灭亡。(贬)
处之泰然:形容处理事情不慌不忙,沉着冷静。(褒)
形容对事情无动于衷。(贬)
绵里藏针:比喻柔中带刚。(褒)
比喻外表和善内心刻毒。(贬)
咄咄逼人:形容后辈超过前人令人惊叹。(褒)
形容气势汹汹盛气凌人。(贬)
率尔操觚:形容文思敏捷一挥而就。(褒)
形容写作不严肃下笔草率。(贬)
天马行空:比喻才华横溢气势奔放不受拘束。(褒)
讽刺脱离实际。(贬)
无所不至:形容极其周到完备。(褒)
形容什么事情都干得出来。(贬)
避实击虚:军事上避开敌人主力攻击其薄弱环节。(褒)
躲开实质性问题尽说空话。(贬)
难兄难弟:彼此共过患难的人。(褒)
讥讽二人同样坏。(贬)
穷形尽相:形容描写刻画十分细致生动。(褒)
指一个人丑态毕露。(贬)
灯红酒绿:形容都市娱乐场所夜晚的繁华景象。(中)
形容寻欢作乐的腐化生活。(贬)
朝秦暮楚:比喻行踪不定或生活不安定。(中)
比喻人反复无常。(贬)
赤膊上阵:比喻不顾一切猛打猛冲的作风。(中)
比喻坏人公开出来做坏事。(贬)
两袖清风:比喻贫穷或手头没有积蓄。(中)
比喻做官清廉。(褒)
分庭抗礼:比喻双方平起平坐不相上下。(中)
指相互对立或搞分裂闹独立的言行。(贬)
按图索骥:比喻依照线索去寻找事物。(中)比喻拘泥成法去办事。(贬)
长袖善舞:比喻有所凭借事情就容易成功。(中)
形容有权势的人有手腕的人办事情善于钻营。(贬)
粉墨登场:指在社会生活中扮演角色像演戏一样活动。(中)
比喻坏人登上政治舞台。(贬)
管中窥豹:比喻可以从观察到的部分推测全部。(中)
比喻见识狭小看不到全面。(贬)
海阔天空:形容空间广阔。(中)
比喻说话漫无边际。(贬)
一场春梦:比喻人生世事像梦一样变化无常。(中)
比喻幻想彻底破灭。(贬)
指手画脚:说话有手脚示意。(中)
乱加批判指点或瞎指挥。(贬)
闪烁其词:说话稍微露一点想法但不明确。(中)
说话躲躲闪闪吞吞吐吐。(贬)
眉来眼去:男女示爱。(中)
比喻坏人之间勾勾搭搭。(贬)
洋洋洒洒:形容规模盛大气势磅礴。(中)
说话写文章才思充沛长篇大论。(褒)
斯文扫地:文化或文人不受尊重。(中)
文人自甘堕落。(贬)
死灰复燃:比喻失去权势有重新得势。(中)
比喻恶势力或坏思想消失后有重新活跃起来。(贬)成语归类
(三)容易用错地方的成语举例
望其项背:用于表否定的后面。
巧夺天工:用于描写人文景观。
鬼斧神工:用于描写建筑雕刻和自然景观。
举案齐眉:用于形容夫妻之间。
鼎力相助:用于指对方,表示尊重敬辞。
雷厉风行:用于写人。
石破天惊:用于形容文章或音乐。
美轮美奂:用于描写建筑物。
七手八脚:用于写多个人的慌张。
手忙脚乱:用于写单个人的动作。
戛然而止:用于说明声音不用于指生命。
骇人听闻:用于指社会中发生的坏事。
萍水相逢:用于不相识的人之间。
拍案而起:用于表示愤怒。
拍案叫绝:用于表示赞叹。
一言难尽:多用于指不好的事情。
相见恨晚:用于人与人之间,不用于人于物之间。
蔚为大观:多用于指文物。
熟视无睹:用于强调多次看到。
视而不见:用于表示一次看到。不胫而走:用于消息。
不翼而飞:用于物件。
秀色可餐:用于指景物也可指女子的容貌。
短小精悍:用于指人也可指文章。
耳濡目染:多用于抽象的渐染。
汗牛充栋:用于形容书籍和资料。
耳闻目睹:多用于具体的事。
鹤立鸡群:多用于形容人的仪表或容貌。
鼎立之势:多用于三方。
今非昔比:多用于好的变化。
梁上君子:用于指窃贼。
满城风雨:用于比喻消息。
弱不禁风:多用于指体质很差。
入木三分:多用于比喻议论见解。
白驹过隙:用于指时间。
特立独行:用于指人的品行。
望穿秋水:多用于女性。
天诛地灭:多用于起誓。
祸起萧墙:用于指内部出问题。
忘年之交:用于年龄相差很大的人之间。
小鸟依人:用于写女人。
阳春白雪:用于指高雅艺术。
一日千里:多用于发展快。
身无长物:用于写人很贫困。
春意阑珊:用于写暮春之境。
雨后春笋:用于新生事物。
游刃有余:用于指技艺。
珠联璧合:用于指人才。
擢发难数:用于写人的罪恶。
妙手回春:用于指医术高。
第三篇:环境污染容易引起人类哪些疾病
环境污染容易引起人类哪些疾病?
一、1930年,马斯河谷烟雾事件 比利时马斯河谷工业区。在这个狭窄的河谷里有炼油厂、金属厂、玻璃厂等许多工厂。12月1日到5日的几天里,河谷上空出现了很强的逆温层,致使13个大烟囱排出的烟尘无法扩散,大量有害气体积累在近地大气层,对人体造成严重伤害。一周内有60多人丧生,其中心脏病、肺病患者死亡率最高,许多牲畜死亡。这是本世纪最早记录的公害事件。
二、1943年,洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件 夏季,美国西海岸的洛杉矶市。该市250万辆汽车每天燃烧掉1100吨汽油。汽油燃烧后产生的碳氢化合物等在太阳紫外光线照射下引起化学反应,形成浅蓝色烟雾,使该市大多市民患了眼红、头疼病。后来人们称这种污染为光化学烟雾。1955年和1970年洛杉矶又两度发生光化学烟雾事件,前者有400多人因五官中毒、呼吸衰竭而死,后者使全市四分之三的人患病。
三、1948年,多诺拉烟雾事件 10月下旬,美国的宾夕法尼亚州多诺拉城有许多大型炼铁厂、炼锌厂和硫酸厂。1948年10月26日清晨,大雾弥漫,受反气旋和逆温控制,工厂排出的有害气体扩散不出去,全城14000人中有6000人眼痛、喉咙痛、头痛胸闷、呕吐、腹泻。17人死亡。
四、1955~1972年,骨痛病事件 镉是人体不需要的元素。日本富山县的一些铅锌矿在采矿和冶炼中排放废水,废水在河流中积累了重金属“镉”。人长期饮用这样的河水,食用浇灌含镉河水生产的稻谷,就会得“骨痛病”。病人骨骼严重畸形、剧痛,身长缩短,骨脆易折。
五、1968年,日本米糠油事件 先是几十万只鸡吃了有毒饲料后死亡。人们没深究毒的来源,继而在北九州一带有13000多人受害。这些鸡和人都是吃了含有多氯联苯的米糠油而遭难的。病人开始眼皮发肿,手掌出汗,全身起红疙瘩,接着肝功能下降,全身肌肉疼痛,咳嗽不止。这次事件曾使整个西日本陷入恐慌中。
六、1984年,印度博帕尔事件 12月3日,美国联合碳化公司在印度博帕尔市的农药厂因管理混乱,操作不当,致使地下储罐内剧毒的甲基异氰酸脂因压力升高而爆炸外泄。45吨毒气形成一股浓密的烟雾,以每小时5000米的速度袭击了博帕尔市区。死亡近两万人,受害20多万人,5万人失明,孕妇流产或产下死婴,受害面积40平方公里,数千头牲畜被毒死。
七、1986年,切尔诺贝利核泄漏事件 4月26日,位于乌克兰基辅市郊的切尔诺贝利核电站,由于管理不善和操作失误,4号反应堆爆炸起火,致使大量放射性物质泄漏。西欧各国及世界大部分地区都测到了核电站泄漏出的放射性物质。31人死亡,237人受到严重放射性伤害。而且在20年内,还将有3万人可能因此患上癌症。基辅市和基辅州的中小学生全被疏散到海滨,核电站周围的庄稼全被掩埋,少收2000万吨粮食,距电站7公里内的树木全部死亡,此后半个世纪内,10公里内不能耕作放牧,100公里内不能生产牛奶„„这次核污染飘尘给邻国也带来严重灾难。这是世界上最严重的一次核污染。
第四篇:容易误解的名言、俗语
容易误解的名言、俗语
九爷博客
正在民间广泛流传的都是有一定来由的,其中有一些是由于语音讹传而来的,有一些是出于一定人为政治目的。历史的变迁,社会的发展使它们与原来的字词本意有着天差地别。探寻一下它们的来源,是一件很有趣的事情。
一,误传的名言
误传一:天才是1%的灵感加上99%的汗水——爱迪生
从小到大,老师都会用爱迪生的这句话教导我们好好学习,天天向上。现在才知道,虽然伟大的发明家爱迪生确实说过“天才那就是1%的灵感加上99%的汗水”这句话,但是,我们的老师和教材偏偏每次都漏掉爱迪生后面那关键的一句话:“但那1%的灵感是最重要的,甚至比那99%的汗水都要重要”。
误传二:不存在一个掷色子的上帝——爱因斯坦
爱因斯坦曾经说过:“上帝不掷色子。”他这句话是针对量子物理而说的。量子物理中有一条非常重要的测不准原理,它彻底打破了“决定论”的物理学,而爱因斯坦恰恰是支持决定论的,这与爱因斯坦的宗教信仰有关。爱因斯坦并不是一个狂热的信徒,但他始终相信上帝的存在(不一定是某个宗教的上帝),他认为量子力学的不确定性观念就好象上帝掷色子一样不可相信。这是他的本来意思。
那么,现在让我们看看,我们的教材是怎样篡改爱因斯坦的话的——绝对令你目瞪口呆。教材说:“爱因斯坦反对量子物理,是因为爱因斯坦觉得量子物理学家承认有一个掷色子的上帝存在,不是一个真正的唯物主义者。”
误传三:中国是一只睡狮,一旦它醒来,整个世界都会为之颤抖——拿破仑
“中国是一只睡狮,一旦它醒来,整个世界都会为之颤抖。”谁都知道这是拿破仑说过的一句话,我们接受这句话,是因为一个伟大的外国人对中国有如此崇高的评价,作为一个中国人,我们深感自豪。而我们也深信这只睡狮已经醒来,已经让世界感到它带来的颤抖,因为中国人民已经站起来了,已经当惊世界殊了。但是我们很长一段时间不知道这句话的中间还有一句:“它在沉睡着,谢谢上帝,让它睡下去吧”。
误传四:我们在错误的时间,错误的地点,同错误的对手打了一场错误的战争——布莱德利
我们过去知道的是美帝国主义侵略朝鲜,而中国人民志愿军则是一举打败了武装到牙齿的美军,取得了一个伟大的胜利。我们是第一个让美国人在没有取得胜利的情况下签署了停战协定,大灭了美帝气焰,大长了人民威风,连美国人也如是说,这句话就是明证。但是,布莱德利说的这段话却是有前提的:“如果我们把战争扩大到中国,那我们就会被卷入错误的时间、错误的地点同错误的对手打一场错误的战争”。误传五:存在即合理——黑格尔
“存在即合理”,黑格尔的这句“至理名言”几乎连小学生都耳熟能详。许多人为之困惑,却不求甚解,认为黑格尔这句话意思是说:凡是存在的事物就天然具有合理性,“存在”是“合理”(价值判断)的必要充分条件。殊不知,这种误解大概来自旧版本黑格尔著作翻译者的谬误。如果没记错的话,前年看过的《小逻辑》以及《法哲学》里,译文是:“凡是合乎理性的东西都是现实的,凡是现实的东西都是合乎理性的。” 误传六:民可使由之,不可使知之——孔子
这句名言出自《论语秦伯》中的“子曰民可使由之不可使知之”,如果表述成“子曰:民可使由之,不可使知之”,则是宣扬愚民权术的名言。
《论语》主要是记载孔子的语录,上下文之间往往没有多少联系。当时的文章,除了句断,其它标点符号还没有发明。所以,被误读是可能发生的事。
如将这句话更正为“子曰:民可,使由之;不可,使知之。”则与孔子另一句名言“有教无类”一脉相承。也使得作为中国历史上第一位伟大的教育家孔子的形象跃然纸上。
二.被误传的俗语.1.“嫁鸡随鸡,嫁狗随狗”,原为“嫁乞随乞,嫁叟随叟”,意思是一个女人即使嫁给乞丐或者是年龄大的人也要随其生活一辈子。随着时代的变迁,这一俗语转音成鸡成狗了。
2.“三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮”,“皮匠”实际上是“裨将”的谐音,“裨将”在古代是指“副将”,原意是指三个副将的智慧合起来能顶一个诸葛亮。流传中,人们将“裨将”说成了“皮匠”。
3.“不见棺材不落泪”,(又可作:不见寿材不掉泪、不见寿材不下于泪).“不见寿材不落泪”,“不见寿材不落泪”,这句鄙谚是比方许多人在做某些工作的时辰不到毫不放手的一种心态,也能够用来形容1个至死不悟、孤行其是不听取他人提议以及理论的顽固派
这句鄙谚原本是“不见亲棺不落泪”,在传播历程中逐步讹变为:“不见寿材不落泪”,讹变为“不见棺材不落泪”.其实不是见了不论什么寿材都落泪要是无论谁的寿材,只要见到寿材就落泪,那就有点太稀里糊涂了和莫名其妙了。
4.“有眼不识金镶玉”,本是“有眼不识荆山玉”。荆,指古代楚国;“荆山玉”,是玉匠在荆山发现的玉。至明朝往后,容或者是因为许多人感觉“荆山玉”之说不敷通俗、其所牵扯的典故也不是每一人都能说患上清晰的缘故,这一鄙谚中的“荆山玉”一词在白话中垂垂地被发音附近的“金镶玉”所取代,“有眼不识金镶玉”一语就如许在平易近间以谣传讹地传播开.许多人经常使用其来比方见地浅陋、缺少辨认物质的能力
5.“不到黄河心不死”,(有可作: “不到黄河不断念”、不见棺材不落泪、不见黄河心不死)这句鄙谚的意思是比方不达目的毫不放手,或者不到其实无路可走的的情境不愿断念.
第一种解释:本是“不到乌江心不死”。乌江,项羽他老人家自刎的地方。乌江讹变成黄河,真是让人无从解释了。其实“不到黄河不断念”,是由其它鄙谚嬗变而来的,最多见的诠释是由“不到乌江心不死”这则出自霸主项羽抹脖子乌江的典故谣传而成的有多是黄河的知名度远远高于乌江缘故,再者自古以来,黄河又时常决堤,造成洪水泛滥,许多人闻知色变,这句鄙谚就逐渐嬗变为:“不到黄河不断念”了.当真想一想这句鄙谚也颇让人有些不好懂:“断念”以及“黄河”两者之间有啥子一定接洽呢?
第二种解释:别的也有“不到黄河不断念”这句鄙谚,是由:“不患上飞灾不断念”一语嬗变而来的.讲法意思是干工作不择手眼,不思量后果,有的居然不惮触犯罪令,在没有掉事以前,得意洋洋、骄奢傲慢、没有控制、不克不及自我,没有犯飞灾,就不断念踏地,直至犯了事则身为囚犯,欲断念也不遑了.此语乃劝人尽早自新之意.也就是说,“不见棺材不落泪”这一鄙谚中的“黄河”并不是真指黄河,而是“飞灾”之”谐音,许多人之所以要把“不患上飞灾心不死”酿成“不见棺材不落泪”和“不到黄河心不死”,是为了将这一意思抒发患上更为直接、形象.
6.“舍不得孩子套不住狼”,本是“舍不得鞋子套不住狼”,意思是要打到狼,就要不怕跑路,不怕费鞋。不过这个我还能理解点,因为好像四川那边管鞋叫孩子。如果真的拿活生生的孩子去套狼,也太恐怖啦!
7.“狗屁不通”,这个成语最初是“狗皮不通”。狗的表皮没有汗腺,酷夏,狗要借助舌头来散发体内的燥热。“狗皮不通”就是指狗的身体这个特点,“屁”是污浊的象征,对于文理不通的东西,以屁来喻,也就将就吧!
8.“王八蛋”是民间的一句骂人话。实际上,这句话的原来面目是“忘八端”。古代“八端”是指“孝,悌,忠,信,礼,义,廉,耻”,此八端指的是做人之根本,忘记了这“八端”也就是忘了基本的做人根本,9.“量小非君子,无毒不丈夫”。应该是,“量小非君子,无度不丈夫”,“度”和“量”相对,意思是,作为一个正人君子、一个男子汉大丈夫,应该大度、有度量,而不应斤斤计较、小肚鸡肠。如果心狠手毒才算大丈夫,这个世界就太可怕了。
10、不孚众望.信服的意思。不孚众望,即不能使大家信服,未符合大家的期望。“不孚众望”与“不负众望”,虽一字之差,其语义迥乎不同。“不负众望”意为“不辜负大家的期望”。这两个成语不能混用。还有“深孚众望”,意思与“不负重望”差不多,只是“深孚众望”程度更深一些。
11、明日黄花,明日黄花是指“过时之物”。明日,在英语上属于“将来时”,既然明日还未到来,怎么会过时?于是有人想当然地篡改成了“昨日黄花”,看似很有创意,实质弄巧成拙。如果知道成语的出处,或许不会再犯这样的错误:这个成语来自苏轼《九日次韵王巩》诗:“相逢不用忙归去,明日黄花蝶也愁。”黄花,也就是菊花。原指重阳节过后逐渐萎谢的菊花。这里的“明日”显然是指过去了的时光。如果使用“明日黄花”这个成语,一定要记住它是比喻过时的事物或消息。
12、床笫之私.床笫,请大家注意,这可是一个极容易迷惑人的“马甲”,很容易误看作为“床第”。“笫”和“第”,虽然两各个字的模样酷似,但写法毕竟不同。笫,读音同“姊”、“子”,是指垫在床上的竹席。“床笫”也就是床铺。引申为夫妻之间的语言或房事。但换上“床第”这套“马甲”,就什么也解释不通了。出于好奇,当我用键盘敲打这篇稿子的时候,遂上网用“床第”这个莫须有的词进行了搜索,结果竟然出现一大堆诸如“床第之私”的词条,连我使用的搜狐拼音输入法也能弹出类似的组词,呜呼!不知说什么好了。
13、娑婆世界.娑婆”是梵语的音译,是佛教的专用名词。它有两层意思:一层意思是说“娑婆世界”的众生罪业深重,必须忍受种种烦恼苦难,故“娑婆世界”又可意译为“忍土”,被称为“五浊世间”,是“极乐世界”“净土”的对立面,这里容易产生各种罪孽;另一层意思,指释迦牟尼等佛菩萨很能忍受劳累,在污浊的“娑婆世界”中不懈地教化众生,表现出大智、大悲和大勇的精神。再广义一点解释,就是“无奇不有的大千世界”。现在的问题是,或许是眼花的缘故,一些人常把娑婆二字颠倒过来写成“婆娑世界”,我同样到网上搜索,也同样会出现一大批“婆娑世界”的条目,如此明目张胆地乱用成语,实在让人瞠目结舌了。善哉,善哉!佛祖也必定很生气吧
第五篇:容易误读误解的成语
容易误读、误写、误释的成语例举
一、容易误读的成语50例(括号内为正确读音)
1、多音字的误读:
自怨自艾(yì)、穷形尽相(xiàng)、差(chā)强人意、博闻强识(zhì)、力能扛(gāng)鼎、咬文嚼(jiáo)字、安土重(zhîng)迁、审时度(duï)势、弱不禁(jīn)风、称(chân)心如意、浑身解(xiâ)数、乳臭(xiù)未干、安步当(dàng)车、暴虎冯(píng)河、否(pǐ)极泰来、呼天抢(qiāng)地、大腹便便(pián)、如法炮(páo)制、箪食(sì)壶浆、曲(qǔ)高和(hâ)寡
2、形声字的误读:
瞠(chēng)目结舌、蹉(cuō)跎(tuï)岁月、睚(yá)眦(zì)必报、焚膏继晷(guǐ)、众口铄(shuî)金、鳞次栉(zhì)比、同仇敌忾(kài)、高屋建瓴(líng)、风流倜(tì)傥(tǎng)、断壁残垣(yuán)
3、形近字的误读:
饮鸩(zhân)止渴、病入膏肓(huāng)、万马齐喑(yin)、怙恶不悛(quān)、如火如荼(tú)、官运亨(hēng)通、罄(qìng)竹难书、相形见绌(chù)、不容置喙(huì)、杳(yǎo)如黄鹤
4、难读字的误读:
卷帙(zhì)浩繁、暴殄(tiǎn)天物、凤冠霞帔(pâi)、歃(shà)血为盟、繁文缛(rù)节、管窥蠡(lí)测、筚(bì)路蓝缕、纵横捭(bǎi)阖、呶(náo)呶不休、觥(gōng)筹交错
二、容易误写的成语50例(括号内为错误的)
1、音近字的误写:
唉声叹气(哀)、按图索骥(途)、按部就班(步)、并行不悖(背)、不肖子孙(孝)、川流不息(穿)、发愤图强(奋)、流言蜚语(诽)、流芳百世(留)、蛊惑人心(鼓)、披星戴月(带)、事必躬亲(恭)、阴谋诡计(鬼)、融会贯通(汇)、汗流浃背(夹)、迫不及待(急)、矫揉造作(骄)、委曲求全(屈)、刻不容缓(克)、各抒己见(书)
2、形近字的误写:
草菅人命(管)、火中取栗(粟)、开门揖盗(楫)、有口皆碑(牌)、同仇敌忾(恺)、相形见绌(拙)、纵横驰骋(聘)、摇摇欲坠(堕)、炙手可热(灸)、饮鸩止渴(鸠)
3、音形相近字的误写:
和蔼可亲(霭)、为虎作伥(怅)、中流砥柱(抵)、百无聊赖(籁)、功亏一篑(溃)、墨守成规(默)、虎视眈眈(耽)、如鲠在喉(梗)、飞扬跋扈(拔)、鞠躬尽瘁(粹)、破釜沉舟(斧)、声名狼藉(籍)、噤若寒蝉(禁)、剑拔弩张(驽)、销声匿迹(消)、语无伦次(轮)、铤而走险(挺)、再接再厉(励)、旁征博引(证)、怨天尤人(忧)
三、容易误释的成语50例(下面解释均正确)
【七月流火】指天气逐渐凉爽起来。火:火星。
【敬谢不敏】恭敬地表示能力不够或不能接受。谢:推辞。
【日长一线】指冬至后白昼渐长。
【明日黄花】原意是说重阳节一过,菊花即将枯萎,便没有什么可以玩赏的了。后用以比喻过时的事物。
【弹冠相庆】指一人当了官或升了官,他的同伙也互相庆贺将有官可做,多作贬义。
【木人石心】比喻人不受诱惑,不动心。
【爱莫能助】原意是因为隐而不见,所以谁也不能帮助他;后来表示虽然同情,但无力帮助。爱:隐藏。
【安土重迁】形容留恋乡土,不愿轻易迁移到外地。重:难。
【百年树人】比喻培养人才是长久之计,也表示培养人才是不容易的,树:培植。
【暴殄天物】原指残害灭绝各种自然产生之物,后泛指任意损害、糟蹋物品。暴:损害,糟蹋。
【不经之谈】形容荒唐无根据的话。经:通常的道理。
【不刊之论】形容不能改动或不可磨灭的言论。刊:消除,修改。
【不可理喻】不能够用道理来使他明白;形容态度蛮横,不讲道理。喻:使明白。
【不可胜数】数不完,形容非常多。胜:尽。
【不可思议】原是说思维所不能达到的境界,现形容不可想象或难于理解。议:理解。
【不学无术】原指没有学问,因而没有好办法;现指没有学问,没有本领。学:学识,学问。
【不足为训】不值得作为遵循或仿效的法则。训:法则。
【差强人意】原意为还算能振奋人的意志,现表示还能够使人满意。差:稍微,大致。
【长治久安】指国家长期太平、安定。治:太平。
【党同伐异】和自己同派的就偏袒,不一派的就攻击。党:偏袒。
【分庭抗礼】彼此以平等或对等的关系相处,各不相下;现有时指互相对立或搞分裂、闹独立的言行。抗:对等,相当。
【高屋建瓴】在高屋顶上倒翻瓶子里的水;比喻居高临下,不可阻挡的形势。建:倒水,泼水。
【毫发不爽】一点也不差。爽:差错,失误。
【讳莫如深】形容瞒得很紧,不让别人知道。讳:隐秘不说。
【积毁销骨】众人不断的毁谤,可以置人于死地。销:熔化。
【计日程功】按日子来计算工作的进度或功效。程:计量,考核。
【久假不归】长期借用而不归还。假:借。
【劳燕分飞】比喻人离别。劳:伯劳鸟。
【莫衷一是】不能断定哪个对,哪个不对。衷:决断。
【罪不容诛】判死刑还抵不了他的罪恶,形容罪大恶极。诛:判处死刑。
【钟灵毓秀】美好的自然环境孕育优秀的人才。钟:凝聚,集中。
【正襟危坐】正一正衣襟,端正地坐着,形容恭敬、严肃的样子。危:端正。
【身体力行】亲身体验,努力实行。体:体验,实行。
【身无长物】除自身外再没有多余的东西,形容贫穷。长,多余。
【师心自用】固执己见,自以为是。师:以……为师。
【韬光养晦】隐藏自己的才能、锋芒,不使外露。韬:隐藏。
【危言耸听】故意说些惊人的话,让人听了害怕。耸:使人吃惊。
【危言危行】讲正直的话,做正直的事。危:正。
【微言大义】精微的语言中所包含的深远意义。微:精微。
【文不加点】文章一气写成,无须修改;形容文思敏捷,写作技巧纯熟。点:涂改。
【文过饰非】用假话掩饰自己的过失、错误。文:掩饰。
【先声夺人】先用强大的声势来挫伤对方的士气,比喻做事抢先一步。声:声势。
【过犹不及】做事过了头就如同做事不够一样。犹:如,同。
【一傅众咻】一个人教,许多人扰乱。咻:教。
【一文不名】连一文钱也没有,形容极为贫困。名:占有。
【相形见绌】互相比较之下,就显出一方的不足之处。形:比较。
【旷日持久】荒废时日,拖延很久。旷:荒废。
【人浮于事】人员数量多于工作所需,人多事少。浮:超过。
【心广体胖】心胸开阔坦荡,身体安泰舒适。胖:安详,舒坦。
【食不果腹】吃不饱肚子,形容生活贫困。果:饱。
【间不容发】距离极近,中间不能放进一根头发,比喻情势危急到了极点。间:空隙,隔开。
【曲突徙薪】把烟囱改建成弯的,搬开灶旁的柴,避免发生火灾;比喻事先采取措施,防止危险发生。突:烟囱。