第一篇：海文考研英语：which引导定语从句小结
海文考研英语辅导：which引导定语从句小结
关系代词which引导的定语从句，指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语等。多数情况下，可与that互换。但是要注意当从句中，介词提前只能用which，而且，在非限制性定语从句中，which引导的句子单独翻译为一句话。
(1)“The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders。”(2007-4-3)
考点：board董事会，be responsible for代表，on behalf of代表(注意在写作中的应用)，shareholder股东
解析：这个句子难度为低级，划横线部分为主句只有一个难点就是which的先行词是谁，是句子还是前面的一个名词，很显然，这个句子中是指市场价值，而不是这种能力。
翻译：保护客户资料的能力是市场价值的关键，董事会代表股东对市场价值负有责任。
难点总结：介词短语，which的先行词，非限制性定语从句一般翻译为一个单句。
(2)In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another。(2005-翻译-47)
考点：multi-media 传媒集团(最好不要翻译为多媒体集团)，bring together 组织，集合，work in relation to one another 彼此协作，publishing houses出版社
解析：此句难度为高级，划线部分为主句，冒号后是主句的同位语，由which引导的定语从句来修饰groups，句尾还有that引导的定语从句来修饰television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses。As在这个句子中是副词，修饰副词elsewhere,翻译为“就像在其他地方一样”。
翻译：在欧洲，就像在其他地方一样，多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互之间有紧密联系的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。
难点总结：确认关系代词which，that的先行词(记得当先行词是两个或者两个以上的人或者物时，关系代词要用that。)，as的用法。
(3)Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account。(2006-3-4)
考点：take into account考虑(注意要用在写作中，尤其是建议信中例如：You need to take the following factor into account when you make a decision。)
解析：这个句子难度为低级。Which在此指代的是a correct baseline。
翻译：麦尔斯博士和沃姆博士指出，他们的工作确定了一个准确的底线，未来的管理必须将其考虑进去。
难点总结：确定which的先行词。
(4)For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty。
考点：semiconductor半导体，casualty伤亡，解析：这个句子难度为高级，这个句子是主句里套从句，从句里又套从句的结构，所以分清楚主句特别重要，主句为划线部分，其中as though 引导一个方式状语从句，这个从句中又有一个由which(先行词为the making of semiconductors)引导的非限制性定语从句。
翻译：曾有一段时间，似乎半导体制造业是另一个将要覆没的产业，要知道半导体正是美国人所发明，它在计算机新时代起着核心作用。
难点总结：注意句子结构。注意各个连词的指代和意义。
第二篇：as和which引导的定语从句的用讲解
1.as引导定语从句的用法
关系代词即可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性从句，as在从句中做主语，并与或表语。
1)Such +名词+as…(像…一样…/像…之类)The same +名词+as(和…同样的)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)He is not the same man as he was.(作表语)We have found the same materials as are used in their factory.(做主语)2)Such …as引导的定语从句与such…that引导的状语从句的区别
He is such a naughty boy as everyone dislikes.He is such a naughty boy that everyone dislikes him.3)结构such as中such作代词，意为“这样的人或事”，as在从句中做成分，修饰先行词。
This book is not such as I expect.(这不是我想要的书)He is such as you can’t rely on.2.As和which引导定语从句的区别
1）as的用法：①在从句中通常做主语代指整个主句，②表示的意思是正如，正像③其引导的定语从句即可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。
As we expect, we won the game.（正如我们预料的一样，我们赢了）。
The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know.The earth is round, as we all know.（正如我们所知到的一样地球是圆的）
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.2）which的用法：①关系代词，在从句中做主语或宾语，代指人或事。②当代指整个主句时表示的意思是主句和从句之间是因果关系即因为所以。③其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad.The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents.(因果关系)3）当非限定性定语从句放在主句后面时，一下情况要注意：
a.当非限定性定语从句是否定词或表否定时，只能用which.He came here very late, which was unexpected/out of our expectation.Johnson refused to apologize for his blame and flashed the door angrily, which left the atmosphere of the meeting in embarrassment.b.as仍然保持连词时常含有“正如…/正像…”的含义
Jack has won the first price, as it often happens.He is unusually warm-hearted, loving and generous, as all his friends can see.c.当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。如果从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which。
She has been absent again, as is expected.Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy.d.当非限定性定语从句的宾语是一个复合结构(如宾补)的时候，只能用which。
Betty always tells a lie, which makes her parents feel strange.一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分
1.形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom.2.动词短语先行成分。
这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。
3.句子作先行成分。
这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。
二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置
由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：
1.形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。
2.动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。
3.句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。
三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能
一般说来，as与which的语义功能相同，可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时，它们的语义功能则有差异。
1.表示结果（which）
表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系，从句中往往使用有结果意义的词，如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。
2.表示评注（as）
表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向，它通常与那些表示客观事实，普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用；从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如natural, known to all, usual等。
3.有无状语意义
“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义（主要是方式状语意义），而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致，“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。
第三篇：第二十课 That,which 和 who 定语从句
第二十课 That，which 和 who 定语从句 一.本课要点及示例
在这一课里, 我们要学习以 that, t-h-a-t, that, which, w-h-i-c-h, which 和 who, w-h-o, who 开头的短句.这种短句在整个句子里有修饰的功用.首先我们还是听一段对话, 内容是说彼得和玛丽快要毕业了, 两个人见面谈起毕业典礼的事情.请你注意听两位英文老师的发音和语调.F: Next week we graduate from high school.I can hardly wait.M: But first there are two more examinations which I have to pass.F: And there are three more papers that I have to write.M: Did you get your cap and robe for the graduation ceremony? F: Yes, but the robe which they gave me is too long.The person who gave it to me told me to take it back.M: The one that they gave me is too short.Maybe we should trade.在刚才那段对话里有些句子包含了用 that, which 和 who 开头的短句, 现在我请英文老师再把这些句子念一遍给你听.M: There are two more examinations which I have to pass.F: There are three more papers that I have to write.F: The robe which they gave me is too long.F: The person who gave it to me told me to take it back.M: The one that they gave me is too short.二.THAT 听了刚才那段对话, 你可能已经注意到用一个短句来修饰一个词的时候, 它的位置是在那个词的后面, 比方: “穿着长礼服戴着方帽子的学生,” 英文应该这样 说: The students that wear long robes and caps with square tops.现在我们来练习这类句子, 每个句子都跟彼得和玛丽快要毕业有关系.现在请你注意听男老师念句子.然后跟着女老师把句子重复一遍.M: There are two more examinations that Peter has to pass.F: There are two more examinations that Peter has to pass.M: There are three more papers that Mary has to write.F: There are three more papers that Mary has to write.M: Most students that graduate this year will attend the graduation ceremony.F: Most students that graduate this year will attend the graduation ceremony.M: The students that wear long robes and caps with square tops are graduating.F: The students that wear long robes and caps with square tops are graduating.三.WHICH 刚才那些句子里用来修饰的短句都是用that 开头的, that 可以用来指人或是东西.但是在专门指东西或事情的时候可以用 which, w-h-i-c-h, which 代替.The robe that they gave Mary is too long.这句话也可以这样说: The robe which they gave Mary is too long.下面我们作一组练习, 学学这种句子, 练习的作法是由老师用 “什么” what 提 出一个问句, 比方 “什么是文凭? ”What is a diploma? 然后老师念一个用 which 开头的短句修饰的词, 比方 “高中毕业生得到的文件” The paper which a high school graduate receives, 所以刚才那个问题的答案就是: “文凭是高中毕业生 得到的文件.”A diploma is the paper which a high school graduate receives.在这 组练习里, 你可以学习到怎么用英文来解释什么是 “学位” degree, d-e-g-r-e-e, degree, 什么是 “毕业舞会” prom, p-r-o-m, prom 等等.现在请你注意听老师问问 题, 并且在学生回答问题的时候也一起回答.M: What is a graduation robe? M: the robe which the graduates wear F: A graduation robe is the robe which the graduates wear.M: What is a graduation ceremony? M: a ceremony which the graduates attend F: A graduation ceremony is a ceremony which the graduates attend.M: What is a diploma? M: the paper which a high school graduate receives F: A diploma is the paper which a high school graduate receives.M: What is a degree? M: the paper which a university or college graduate receives F: A degree is the paper which a university or college graduate receives.M: What is a prom? M: the dance which the graduates go to
F: A prom is the dance which the graduates go to.四.WHO 下面我们来学习用 who, w-h-o, who 作刚才那种短句, 比方有一句话: “老师就 是教书的人” A teacher is a person who teaches.在这句话里, who 指的就是 “人” person p-e-r-s-o-n, person.下面我们来作一组练习,首先由老师提出一个疑问句.比方: “谁将在典礼上致 辞? ”Who will give a speech at the ceremony? 接着老师念出一个用 who 开头 的短句修饰的词.比方: “参加毕业典礼的官员们” The officials who attend the graduation ceremony.所以刚才那个问题的答案就是: “参加毕业典礼的官员 们将在典礼上致辞.” The officials who attend the graduation ceremony will give a speech at the ceremony.现在请你注意听老师问问题, 并且在学生回答问题 的时候也一起回答.M: Who will wear long robes and caps with square tops? M: the students who graduate F: The students who graduate will wear long robes and caps with square tops.M: Who will attend the graduation ceremony? M: the students who graduate F: The students who graduate will attend the graduation ceremony.M: Who will receive a diploma? M: the students who graduate from high schools F: The students who graduate from high schools will receive a diploma.M: Who will receive a degree? M: the students who graduate from universities or colleges F: The students who graduate from universities or colleges will receive a degree.M: Who will make a speech at the ceremony? M: the graduate who has the best record in school F: The graduate who has the best record in school will make a speech at the ceremony.五.从句修饰宾语
现在我们再来学习用短句.在刚才作的几组练习里用的短句都是用来修饰主 语的.下面我们要用这种短句来修饰宾语.比方有一句话: “父母和朋友向毕业 的 3
学生祝贺.”Parents and friends congratulated the students who graduated.在 这句话里, 短句 who graduated 修饰句子里的宾语 the students.下面我们来作一组练习把两句简单的话合并成用短句修饰宾语的句子.练习的作法是这样的: 老师先念一个句子 “彼得跟学生闲谈” Peter chatted with the students, 接着老师又念第二个句子 “典礼中坐在他附近的学生” The students sat near him at the ceremony.请你用 who 把第二个句子改为短句, 用来修饰第 一句话里的 “学生”, 所以答案就是 Peter chatted with the students who sat near him at the ceremony.现在我们开始作练习, 每作完一句还是请你听正确答案.M: Peter talked to the student.M: The student gave a speech at the graduation ceremony.F: Peter talked to the student who gave a speech at the graduation ceremony.M: Peter chatted with the students.M: The students sat near him at the ceremony.F: Peter chatted with the students who sat near him at the ceremony.M: Parents and friends congratulated the students.M: The students graduated.F: Parents and friends congratulated the students who graduated.M: Students met their friends and relatives.M: Their friends and relatives came to the graduation ceremony.F: Students met their friends and relatives who came to the graduation ceremony.M: The graduates took pictures of their friends.M: Their friends were in the same classes.F: The graduates took pictures of their friends who were in the same classes.下面我们用同样的方式练习怎么用以 which 开头的短句来形容一个句子的宾 语, 比方老师说: “学生听演讲” Students listened to the speech.接着老师又说: “校长在典礼中演讲” The principal gave a speech at the ceremony.你就把第二 句话改成短句来修饰第一句话里的宾语 “ 演讲”, 所以正确答案就是 Students listened to the speech which the principal gave at the ceremony.好, 现在我 4
们开 始作练习, 每作完一句就请你听正确答案.M: Mary didn't like the robe.M: She got the robe for the graduation ceremony.F: Mary didn't like the robe which she got for the graduation ceremony.M: Mary wore the robe.M: She traded the robe with Peter.F: Mary wore the robe which she traded with Peter.M: Students listened to the speech.M: The principal gave a speech at the ceremony.F: Students listened to the speech which the principal gave at the ceremony.M: Students were very happy to receive the diplomas.M: They earned the diplomas.F: Students were very happy to receive the diplomas which they earned.M: Students showed each other the pictures.M: They took the pictures.F: Students showed each other the pictures which they took.M: Students danced to the music.M: The band played music at the prom.F: Students danced to the music which the band played at the prom.六.听短文回答问题
今天我们要听的文章是谈到美国中学和大学的毕业典礼.文章里许多句子都 是我们刚才练习过的, 比方哪些学生可以毕业, 在典礼上谁致辞, 典礼之后举 行毕业舞会, 毕业典礼是令人回味的活动等等.现在请你注意听.In American high schools and colleges, the last day of the school year is graduation day.The students who finish their last year in the school will graduate.The graduation ceremony is often in the school gymnasium.The people who come to watch the graduation are teachers, parents and friends of the graduates.Those students who will graduate will wear long robes and caps with square tops.The
graduate who has the best record in school will make a speech.The school principal and other officials will also make speeches.Then each graduate will receive a piece of paper which has his name and the name of the school.The paper which the students receive in high school is a diploma.The paper which the students receive in college is a degree.After the ceremony, students often chat with their teachers, friends and relatives who come to congratulate them.They take pictures of each other.They will show each other these pictures a few nights later at the graduation prom.Graduation is a memorable event.刚才那段文章你听懂了吗? 等一会儿我会请英文老师再用慢速度念一遍给你 听.现在我们先来听今天测验的三个问题.第一个问题是: M: Who attends the graduation ceremony? 第二个问题是: M: What do graduates do at the ceremony? 第三个问题是: M: What do students often do after the ceremony? 现在我们再听英文老师用慢速度把整段文章念一遍.In American high schools and colleges, the last day of the school year is graduation day.The students who finish their last year in the school will graduate.The graduation ceremony is often in the school gymnasium.The people who come to watch the graduation are teachers, parents and friends of the graduates.Those students who will graduate will wear long robes and caps with square tops.The graduate who has the best record in school will make a speech.The school principal and other officials will also make speeches.Then each graduate will receive a piece of paper which has his name and the name of the school.The paper which the students receive in high school is a diploma.The paper which the students receive in college is a degree.After the ceremony, students often chat with their teachers, friends and relatives who
come to congratulate them.They take pictures of each other.They will show each other these pictures a few nights later at the graduation prom.Graduation is a memorable event.现在请你回答今天测验的三个问题, 回答之后请你听老师念正确答案.第一个问题是: M: Who attends the graduation ceremony? F: The school principal, officials, the graduates, their teachers, parents and friends attend the graduation ceremony.第二个问题是: M: What do graduates do at the ceremony? F: They listen to speeches, and they receive diplomas or degrees.第三个问题是: M: What do students often do after the ceremony? F: They chat with their teachers, friends and relatives.They also take pictures of each other.
第四篇：英语定语从句说课稿
英语定语从句说课稿
一、说教材
二、说教法
三、说学法
四、说教学程序
一、说教材 1．教材分析
各位老师下午好，我今天说课的的内容是定语从句：主要从四个方面来说的：本课时的内容是高中英语必修一Unit4的语法第一课时，初次导入含引导词who, which, that的定语从句，这里的定语从句出现得比较凌乱，因此我把这些语法整合起来教学，让学生有个完整的认识。2．教学目标
1）知识目标:
A.掌握定语从句的基本结构及用法。
B.掌握定语从句的引导词who, which和that的基本用法。2）能力目标：
A.能口头上用简单的定语从句描述人或物。B.能在笔头上用定语从句描述人或物。3．教学重点
1).引导词which, who及 that的基本用法。2).复习和巩固定语从句的结构和用法。4．教学难点
引导词that的特殊用法。用定语从句造句。
二、说教法
根据英语“课标”的要求，课程要从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发，因此，我将在教学中采用任务型教学，设置情境交际教学等。1.任务型教学，每个环节布置一个不同层次的任务，让不同层次的学生在完成每个任务的时获得成就感，同时，不同难易的任务有效地锻炼了不同层次的学生能力。2.设置情境交际法，尽量设置学生感兴趣的话题，让学生充分利用新学的知识。
3.把枯燥的语法规则学习融入有趣的口语训练，交际应用当中。4.通过笔头训练巩固所学语法知识。达到口头，笔头的完美结合。
三、说学法
1.列举法，举例加深对定语从句的理解。2.在说练中体会语法的含义及用法。四.说教学程序 Leading in导入
以一个笑谈式的问题引出本课的主题。比如，在师生问答中很随意地引出下列对话：
T: Do you like the boy? S：Which one?
T: The one who has big eyes.„„
在学生猜出答案之前给学生输入尽量多含who的定语从句。Your classmate is the boy / man who „„ 4.小结：
定语从句的定义，结构及引导词who的用法。5.练习
让学生翻译及个含有定语从句的句子。
The man who stood here a minute ago is my father.Do you know the thief who stole your money?
6.导入which的用法。利用下列对话引出含有Which的定语从句。T: May I borrow a pen? S: Which oen?
T: The one which has a rabbit on it.The one which is very long.然后把学生的钢笔收集起来，一次展示几支，让学生用定语从句描述自己的钢笔，并且领走。
Which pen is yours?
The pen which „„ is mine.8.小结
引导词which的用法。
9.教学难点：指出某些只用that不用which的特殊情况，或只用which 不用that的情况。
10.练习
一．翻译下列句子
1).这就是下学期将要教我们英语的老师。2).我昨天看见的老外来自澳大利亚。3).他在我们昨天参观的工厂工作。4).你想买的自行车太贵了.二．对了答案之后，把复印好的关于定语从句的题发给学生下去做，进行巩固，下节课继续讲定语从句。这个作业具有承上启下的作用。
我的说课内容到此结束，谢谢各位老师。
第五篇：高中英语语法定语从句小结
定语从句
1.① 关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that,as）
A.从句中谓语动词的人称和数与先行词一致
one of +动词复数-------He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai
the only one +动词单数-------He is the only one of the students who has been to ShanghaiB.who/whom
介词放在句尾，二者都可用------This is the girl(who/whom)we have been looking for.C.whose=of which
The classroomare broken is unoccupied.The classroomare broken is unoccupied.D.介词+关系代词
⑴v.+prep.which he had been⑵n.+prep.They are still living in the little house ’ve been⑶adj.+prep.The woker E.只用that
⑴.先行词是最高级、序数词
⑵.先行词是all,some/any/no/every+thing ,none
或only,any,few,little,no,all,none of,the very+先行词
⑶.先行词既有人又有物
⑷.who/which…….that…..?
⑸…… which…….that……
② 关系副词(when,where,why)
A.when=on which
先行词：occasion
B.where=in which
先行词：case,point,situation,condition,stage
C.why=for which
先行词：reason
2.A． when=and thenwhere=and there
B． as/which
(1)as在句前、句中、句后------which在句后
(2)非限制性定语从句放在主句之后，用as
定语从句是否定句或表示否定时，用which---He came here very late, which was unexpected
(3)As anybody can see
As we had expected
As often happens
As has been said before
As is mentioned above
As I understand
As appears
(4)As+被动语态------Which+主动语态
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