2016年中考英语专题复习 mind用法小结(★)

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第一篇:2016年中考英语专题复习 mind用法小结

mind 用法小结

mind是兼类词,既可用作动词,又可用作名词。

(一)mind用作动词

1、意为“当心、注意、留心”,后跟名词或从句,也可单独使用。Would you please mind your intonation when you speak.? 请你说话时注意语调,好吗?

2、意为“介意、在乎”,主要用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,后接名词、动名词或从句。I really don’t mind a joke, but this is going too far.我真的并不介意开玩笑,但这玩笑太过分了。Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我抽烟吗?

Do you mind if I copy your homework? 我抄你家庭作业,你介意吗?

——I’m sorry I step on your foot.对不起,我踩了你的脚。——Never mind.不要紧。

此时常见的句式有:

①“Would/Do you mind doing something?”意为“劳驾,„„好吗?”或“请问,(你)可否„„?”常用来表示委婉、客气的请求。如:

Would you mind taking the new books to the classroom? 劳驾,把书拿到教室好吗? ② “Would/Do you mind + 人称代词宾格或形容词性物主代词 + doing something?” 意为“某人做某事,你介意吗?”。如: Do you mind my closing the window? 我把窗户关上,你介意吗? 需要注意的是:

①“Would you mind...?” 和“Do you mind...?”两种句式表达相同的意思,只是前者比后者的语气显得更客气、更委婉一些。

②对上述问句,需要使用一些客气、委婉的方式作反意回答。

如果表示不反对或不介意,常用“No, not at all./Of course not./Certainly not./No, do it please./No, please do./No, go ahead.”等作答。如: ——Do you mind offering me some hot water? 劳驾,提供点热水给我好吗? ——No, not at all.没问题。

如果表示介意、不同意或不赞成某人做某事,回答时一般不要说“Yes, I mind”,这种回答很不客气,不符合英美人的表达习惯。通常用“Sorry, but I do.”或“Sorry./I’m sorry./I wish you wouldn’t, you’d better not.”,然后最好再陈述某种表示拒绝或反对的理由。如:

——Do you mind if I smoke here? 我在这里吸烟可以吗? ——Sorry, but I do.对不起,你不能。

(二)mind用作名词,意为“脑子、想法”。常见的短语有: ①change one’s mind 改变主意 Nothing can change my mind.什么也不能改变我的想法。②make up one’s mind作出决定

We all have made up our minds to work in the west of China.我们都已经决定到中国西部去工作。③keep...in mind记住„„

He has kept the experience in mind.他已经记住这次经历。【现场测试】 选择填空

()1.Would you mind____ _more slowly? I can’t follow you.A.speak B.spoke C.spoken D.speaking()2.——Do you mind my taking this seat? ——____ _.It’s for Mr.Smith.A.Not at all

B.Yes, please

C.Yes, of course not D.You’d better not()3.——It’s too hot.Would you mind____ _the door?

——____ _.Please do it now.A.to open, OK B.opening, Certainly not C.opening, Of course D.to open, Good idea()4.—— I’m terribly sorry to have stepped on your foot.——____ _.A.Don’t say that

B.Never mind C.You’re welcome D.That’s right()5.——Do you mind opening the door for me?

——____ _.A.Yes, of course not B.Yes, please C.No, of course not D.No, you can’t open it Key:1-5DDBBC 2

第二篇:中考冠词用法复习小结

Module 1辅导 中考冠词用法复习小结

一、概述

冠词是一种虚词,一种辅助性的词,不可在句中独立担当一个成分,要放在名词前,帮助说明名词的含义。

二、冠词种类

冠词有不定冠词(a, an)和定冠词(the)两种。

1.定冠词the,在以辅音音素开头的词前读作[TE],在以元音音素开头的词前读作[Ti],强调时读作[ Ti:]。例:the table [TE 5teibl]那张桌子

the animal [Ti 5AnimEl]那只动物 2.定冠词the,基本含义是“这个,那个”,表示特指。

例: the flower 那朵花

the E-mail 那个电子邮件

3.不定冠词a和an,基本含义是“

一、一个”,表示泛指。

例:a flower 一朵花

an E-mail

一个电子邮件

三、a 和an 的区别

a用在辅音音素前,包括以前元音[j]、[w]开首的词前,读作[E],强调时读作[ei]。注意,这里讲的辅音音素指的是发音,不是指辅音字母。

an用在元音音素前(不是元音字母),读作[En],强调时读作[An]。例:a hotel [hEu5tel]一家旅馆

a knife [naif] 一把小刀 a useful tool

[5ju:sful] 一件有用的工具

a university

[7ju:ni5vE:siti] 一所大学 a

European

country

[7juErE5pi(:)En] 一个欧洲国家 a one-eyed man

['wQn5aid] 一个一目失明的人

an hour [5auE]

一小时 an ant [Ant] 一只蚂蚁 an honour [5CnE] 一种荣誉 an honest boy [5Cnist] 一个诚实的男孩 an umbrella [Qm5brelE] 一把伞 an onion

[5QnjEn] 一个洋葱 an eye [ai] 一只眼睛 an ear

[iE] 一只耳朵

an English book [5iN^liF] 一本英语书

an egg

[e^] 一只鸡蛋 an apple [5Apl] 一个苹果 an island

[5ailEnd] 一座岛 an uncle

[5QNkl] 一位叔叔 an old man

[Euld] 一位老人 an elephant [5elifEnt] 一头大象 a D [di:] 一个D(B、C、G、J、K、P、Q、T、U、V、W、Y、Z前也用a)an F [ef] 一个F(A、E、H、I、L、M、N、O、R、S、X前也用an)

四、不定冠词的用法 表示“一,一个”,用在单数可数名词前

例:There is a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅图画。

He has an apple in his hand.他手里拿着一个苹果。提示

a.a(an)虽表示“一个”,但不强调数量,而是强调类别;one则强调数量。

例:I bought a computer.我买了一台电脑。(不是收音机和电视机)I bought one computer.我买了一台电脑。(不是两台)

Would you like an ice cream? 来一客冰淇淋好吗?(不是别的食物)She gave one ice cream to them each.她给他们每人一客冰淇淋。(不是两客)

b.表示数量对比时,要用one, 不用a(an)。

比:我有一支红铅笔,但是他有三支。I have a red pencil, but she has three.(误)

I have one red pencil, but she has three.(正)

我只需要一美元,但他给了我两美元。I only want a dollar, but he has given me two.(误)

I only want one dollar, but he has given me two.(正)表示一类人或物,指同类中的任何一个,a或an不必翻译

Even a child can answer this question.就是小孩子也能回答这个问题。

An elephant is stronger than a horse.大象比马力气大。

A teacher must be strict with his students.教师必须对学生严格要求。3 第一次提到某人或某物

第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词a或an,起介绍作用。例: A girl wants to see you.一位姑娘要见你。

On a cold evening a stranger came to my house.在一个寒冷的晚上,一个陌生人来到我的住处。4 表示身份、职业

不定冠词用于单数名词前表示身份、职业,尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前。

例:She is a high school teacher.Her name is Li Fang.她是一位中学教师,名叫李芳。

The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician.怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。提示

表示某个职位在某一时期内只有一人担任,或表示某人的头衔,则不用冠词。

例:He is captain of the team.他是球队队长。

Zhang Fei, monitor of their class, is good at English.张飞是他们的班长,英语很棒。用于专有名词前,表示不认识某人 例:A Zhang called you just now.一位姓张的刚才给你打电话。A Mr.Smith wanted to see you.有位史密斯先生想要见你。不定冠词用在表示数量、长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前,表示“每一”

例:We have three meals a day.我们每天吃三顿饭。

They met each other once a month.他们每月会面一次。

The car moved 100 miles an hour.这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。

The envelopes are one yuan a dozen.信封一打是一元钱。

Amily goes to see her grandmother twice a week.爱米莉每周去看奶奶两次。用于某些结构中 不定冠词用在下列结构中: 结构: such a +单数可数名词 quite a +单数可数名词 rather a+单数可数名词

例:It is such a fine day.多么晴朗的一天。

He is quite an honest man.他是个非常诚实的人。

He is rather a gentleman.他真是一位绅士。提示

名词前若有形容词修饰,不定冠词a(an)可以放在quite, rather前面或后面。

例: It is rather a difficult problem.这是相当难的一个问题。

It is a rather difficult problem.8 用于某惯用短语中 例:have a cold 患感冒 have a rest

休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a fever

发烧 have a quarrel

吵架 have a toothache

牙痛 have a dance

跳舞 have a talk 谈话 go for a walk 散步 take a bath

洗澡 tell a lie

撒谎

wait a moment

等一会儿 with a light heart

愉快地 with a smile

微笑着 with an effort 努力地 as a result

因此 for a while

一会儿 once in a while

偶尔 for a moment 一会儿

have a word with sb.同某人谈话 have a try

试一下 have a good time

玩得高兴 have a look

看一看 have a headache 头痛 have a good sleep

好好睡一觉 have a nice trip

旅途愉快 have(/take)a walk

散步 make a face

做鬼脸 in a hurry

匆忙地 do sb.a favour

帮某人忙 take an active part in 积极参加 live a happy life

过幸福生活 give a lesson

教一堂课 at a time

每次 as a whole

作为整体 all of a sudden

突然 once upon a time

从前 in a word

总之 不定冠词与so, as, too, how等连用时的位置

如果修饰名词的形容词前有so, as, too, how等副词,不定冠词一般放在形容词和名词之前。结构: so as too how +形容词+ a(an)+名词

例:He is as clever a boy as Tom.他是像汤姆一样聪明的孩子。

It is so high a wall that we can't climb it.这堵墙非常高,我们爬不上去。

How beautiful a bird it is!这是一只多漂亮的鸟啊!

It is too wide a rive for me to swim across.这条河太宽,我游不过去。It too difficult a book for beginners.这本书对初学者来说太难了。I've never seen so tall a tree.我从没见过这么市制树。

=I've never seen such a tall tree.提示

half 常放在不定冠词前,但在美国英语中,half也可放在不定冠词后。例: half an apple 半个苹果 a half apple half a day 半天 a half day half an hour

半个小时 a half hour half a mile

半英里 a half mile

五、定冠词the 的用法 表示“一,一个”,用在单数可数名词前

例:There is a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅图画。

He has an apple in his hand.他手里拿着一个苹果。提示

a.a(an)虽表示“一个”,但不强调数量,而是强调类别;one则强调数量。

例:I bought a computer.我买了一台电脑。(不是收音机和电视机)I bought one computer.我买了一台电脑。(不是两台)

Would you like an ice cream? 来一客冰淇淋好吗?(不是别的食物)She gave one ice cream to them each.她给他们每人一客冰淇淋。(不是两客)

b.表示数量对比时,要用one, 不用a(an)。

比:我有一支红铅笔,但是他有三支。I have a red pencil, but she has three.(误)

I have one red pencil, but she has three.(正)

我只需要一美元,但他给了我两美元。

I only want a dollar, but he has given me two.(误)

I only want one dollar, but he has given me two.(正)表示一类人或物,指同类中的任何一个,a或an不必翻译 例

Even a child can answer this question.就是小孩子也能回答这个问题。

An elephant is stronger than a horse.大象比马力气大。

A teacher must be strict with his students.教师必须对学生严格要求。3 第一次提到某人或某物

第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词a或an,起介绍作用。

例: A girl wants to see you.一位姑娘要见你。

On a cold evening a stranger came to my house.在一个寒冷的晚上,一个陌生人来到我的住处。用在表示方向、方位的名词前 这类词有: the east东方,the west西方,the south南方,the north北方,the right右边,the left左边

例:The birds are flying to the north.这些鸟向北方飞去。

The moon rises in the east and sets in the west.月亮从东方升起,在西方落下。

The wind was blowing from the south.风从南方吹来。

She lived to the west of the Summer Palace.她住在颐和园的西边。

Walk along the road and take the first turning on the right.沿着这条路往前走,在第一个路口往右拐。He stood at the back of the door.他站在门背后。提示

方位词成对使用构成平行结构时,不用定冠词。

例:The river is two thousand kilometers long from west to east.这条河自西向2000公里长。

They traveled through the country from south to north.他们自南向北在这个国家旅行。6 用在形容词最高级前

例:Summer is the hottest season of the year.夏天是一年中最炎热的季节。

She is the best person for the job.她是最适合这个工作的人。

Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.杭州是世界上最美的城市之一。

The car is the most expensive of the four.这部车是四部车中最贵的。7 用在序数词等前

定冠词用在序数词前,也用在表示序列的next, last等前,还有在表示“同一”或“唯一”等的词前。

例:The first man to land on the moon is an American.第一个登上月球的人是美国人。She was the fifth to climb to the top of the mountain.她是第五个到达山顶的人。

This may be the last chance.这可能是最后一次机会。

If I miss this train I'll catch the next one.如果赶不上这趟火车,我就赶下一趟。

He is the only person who knows the secret.他是唯一一个知道这个秘密的人。

The two coats are of the same colour.这两件外衣颜色相同。

This is the very book I want.这正是我要的书。(用very表示强调)提示 a 序数词表示“又一”时,前面用不定冠词a(an)例:He bought a second pair of shoes.他又买了一双鞋。

He asked a question, then a second, then a third…他问了一个问题,又问了第二个,第三个……

b 序数词用作状语或表语时,前面不加定冠词。

例:George arrived first.乔治第一个到。

=George was the first person to arrive.Jim and Jack are both second in the match.汤姆和杰克在比赛中并列第二。8 用在单数名词前表示一类人或物,强调整个类别

例:The orange is a kind of fruit.橘子是一种水果。

The horse is a useful animal.马是一种有用的动物。

The computer is important to us.电脑对我们来说是重要的。提示

不定冠词+单数名词,不带冠词的复数名词也可表示一类人或物。例:A car runs faster than a bus.小汽车比公交车跑得快。Cars run faster than buses.A dog is a faithful animal.狗是忠实的动物。

Dogs are faithful animals.9 用在乐器名词前,表示演奏 例:She can play the piano.她会弹钢琴。

He plays the violin very well.他小提琴拉得很好。

He played the guitar for the children.他给孩子们弹了吉他。提示

但乐器名词表示具体的器物,或表示课程时,不加the.例:He bought a piano last month.他上个月买了一架钢琴。

She taught piano in the school.她在学校里教钢琴。用在江河、海洋、湖泊、群岛、山脉的名称前

例:the Yangtze River 长江 the Red Sea 红海 the West Lake 西湖

the Pacific 太平洋 the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山 the Nile 尼罗河

the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉 the South China Sea 南中国海

六、提示 例外的情况: Mount Tai 泰山 China Daily 《中国日报》 11 用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的专有名词前 例:the Great Wall 长城 the United Nations 联合国 the New York Times

《纽约时报》 the United States of America

美国 the Red Cross Hospital

红十字医院 the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会

the Shanghai Railway Station 上海火车站

the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the North Pole 北极

the People's Daily

《人民日报》 用在某些形容词前,表示一类人或物或某种抽象概念 例: the old 老年人 the happy

幸福的人 the poor 穷人 the aged

老人 the sick

病人

the impossible

不可能的事 the young 年轻人 the rich 富人 the blind 盲人 the wounded

伤员 the smooth

顺事

the beautiful

美,美的东西 The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。

The good is what people like.人们总是喜欢美好的东西。

The wounded have been sent to the hospital.伤员已经被送到医院去了。用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人

例:The Greens will more to the country.格林一家要搬到乡下去。The Wangs came to see us yesterday.王家一家人昨天来看我们。The Browns are very friendly.布朗夫妇都很友好。14 用在表示计算单位的名词前,含有“每,每一”的意思

例:Jim is paid by the hour.吉姆的工资按小时付。

Eggs are sold by the kilogram.鸡蛋按千克出售。

This cloth is sold by the yard.这种布按码出售。

It sells at three dollars the pound.它以每磅三美元出售。

They sell sugar by the pound.他们按磅卖糖。用在前面已提到过的人的身体部位或衣着的名词前

这种用法是先把整个对象说出来,然后再说到那个对象的身体的局部或衣着。

结构: 动词(hit, pull, pat, strike, catch, hold, take)

+sb.+介词(in, on, by, across)+身体部位或衣着

例:She touched him on the shoulder.她碰了碰他的肩。

He took the girl by the hand.他拉着小女孩的手。

He hit her on the nose.他打了她的鼻子。

The stone struck the man in the eye.石头击中了那人的眼睛。I caught her by the right hand.我抓住她的右手。

比:她拍了拍那男孩的头。

She patted the boy on his head.(误,本结构中身体部位或衣着前不用one's)

She patted the boy on the head.(正)16 用在逢十的复数数词前,表示年代,也指人的大约岁数

例:The war broke out in the forties.那场战争发生在40年代。

He went abroad in the 1980s.他在20世纪80年代出国的。

The old man is in the seventies.老人大约七十几岁。17 用在表示自然现象的名词前 这类名词有: the rain 雨,the wind风, the fog雾,the snow雪, the air空气, the storm风暴,the snowstorm 暴风雪

例:Don't stand in the rain.不要站在雨中。

The wind blew down the trees.风把树刮倒了。

The ship sank in the storm.船在风暴中沉没了。

The rain has cleaned the air.下雨净洁了空气。

The fog was so thick that we couldn't see the top of the hill.雾很大,我们看不见山顶。提示

a 这类名词前有形容词修饰时,可用不定冠词,表示“一场,一阵,一种”

例:A cold wind is blowing from the north.冷风从北方吹来。

There was a heavy rain last night.昨晚下了一场大雨。

A heavy snow is falling outside.外面正下着大雪。

b

这类名词表示一般物质时,不用冠词。

例:Rain falls in summer;snow falls in winter.夏天下雨,冬天下雪。Man can't live without air.没有空气人不能活。用在某些习惯用语中 例:

in the morning 在上午 in the evening 在晚上 in the field

在田野里 in the country

在乡间 in the sun

在阳光下 in the distance

在远处 on the right

在右边 by the way

顺便说一下 in the front of 在前部 in the daytime

白天 go to the concert

去听音乐会 at(/in)the beginning

开始 at the moment

当时,此刻 all the year round

一年到头 go to the cinema

去看电影 go to the theatre 去看戏 at the weekend

周末 in afternoon

在下午 in the night 在夜里 in the sky

在空中 in the dark 在暗处 in the rain 在雨中 in the shade 在阴凉处 on the left

在左边 all the time

始终

the in the middle of 在中间 on the way home 回家途中 all the same 依然 on the whole

总之 at the same time 同时 on the plane 在飞机上 in the year 2008

在2008年 the other day 前几天 at the bottom of

在……底部 in the end 终于

on the one hand, on the other 一方面,另一方面 提示

下面几个短语前不加定冠词: 例:at dawn 在黎明

hand at night 在晚上 at noon

在正午 at dusk

在黄昏 五,名词前不用冠词的情况 1 专有名词前不用冠词

专有名词前不用定冠词,包括人名、地名、月份、周日、节日等。例: 月份 January 一月 May

五月

October 十月 周日 Monday 星期一

Friday 星期五 Sunday 星期天

季节 spring 春天 summer

夏天 autumn

秋天 winter

冬天 节日 Christmas Day 圣诞节

New Year's Day 元旦 New Year's Eve 除夕 National Day 国庆节 Teacher's Day 教师节

人名 Mary 玛丽 Jones 琼斯

Mr.Brown 布朗先生 Porfessor Smith

史密斯教授 地名 Asia 亚洲 China 中国 Britain 英国 Beijing 北京 New York 纽约 Shanghai Road

上海路

Tian An Men Square

天安门广场 Spring is coming.春天就要到了。

These birds fly to the south in winter.这些鸟冬天飞往南方。

She came on Friday.她星期五来的。提示

a 如果月份、季节名词带有修饰语,表示特定的时间,要加定冠词。季节名词在上下文中表示特定的一段时间,要加定冠词。

例:They built the bridge in the spring of 2003.他们是在2003年的春天修建这座桥的。

The fire broke out on the Friday when they were not at home.失火是在星期五,当时他们不在家。These animals eat nothing all through the winter.这些动物整个冬天都不吃东西。

b 但要说the Spring Festival(春节),以festival组成的节日名称前要加the.例:the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节

the Dragon-boat Festival 端午节 2 物质名词表示一般概念时,不用冠词 例:Water boils at 100℃.水在摄氏100度沸腾。

Rice is grown in the south.南方种水稻。

They are short of food.他们缺少食物。提示

a 如果物质名词表示特指或有定语修饰,则要加定冠词。

比:Snow is falling hard.雪正下得很大。

The snow in the field has melted.田里的雪已经融化了。

She likes milk very much.她非常喜欢喝牛奶。The milk in the bottle has gone sour.瓶里的牛奶酸了。

b 物质名词用于表示“一客、一杯、一份、一种、一阵”时,要用不定冠词。

例:I'd like an ice cream.我要一客冰淇淋。

A tea and two coffees, please.请来一杯茶、两杯咖啡。

There was a heavy rain this morning.今天早上下了一场大雨。抽象名词表示一般概念时,不用冠词

例:Friendship is more important than money.友谊比金钱更重要。Does he like music? 他喜欢音乐吗? Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。提示

a 抽象名词有定语修饰,表示特指时,要加定冠词。

例:I like the music of the TV play.我喜欢这部电视剧中的音乐。

b 抽象名词表示“一种,一类,一次,一番,一例”等概念时,要加不定冠词。

例:Maths is a science.数学是一门科学。He lives a happy life.他过得幸福的生活。

She has a good knowledge of English.她精通英语。

Let's go for a swim.我们去游泳吧。He had a wash first.他先洗了洗。4 表示一日三餐的名词前不用冠词 例:I usually have breakfast at seven.我通常在七点钟吃早饭。

He doesn't have lunch at home.他通常不在家吃午饭。

Dinner is ready.饭准备好了。提示

a 三餐名词前有定语修饰时,特指某一餐,要用不定冠词。例:We had a wonderful lunch.我们吃了一顿很丰盛的午餐。

They had a nice dinner last night.他们昨晚吃了一顿丰盛的饭。

b 表示某一次具体的餐食,要用定冠词。

例:The lunch was cooked well.那顿午饭做得很好。

Did you enjoy the dinner at his house? 他家的饭你喜欢吗?

c meal 常同不定冠词连用,泛指一顿饭。

例:She cooks a hot meal in the evening.晚上她总会烧一顿热饭。He had a big meal at his uncle's.他在叔叔家大吃了一顿。表示体育运动、棋牌的名词前不用冠词

例:He plays football after school.他放学后踢足球。

The students are playing basketball over there.学生们在那边打篮球。He is good at playing chess.他象棋下得好。

They play cards on Sundays.他们常有星期天打牌。表示学科、语言的名词前不用冠词

例:She teaches English in a middle school.她在一所中学教英语。Chemistry is not easy to learn.化学不容易学。

Can you speak Japanese? 你会说日语吗?

We have Chinese and mathematics in the morning.我们上午学习语文和数学。表示称呼语、职位、头衔的名词前不用冠词

例:Where are my shoes, mom? 我的鞋在哪里,妈妈?

Tom, go and fetch some water.汤姆,去弄点水来。

Now children, listen to me carefully.孩子们,请认真听我讲。

Mr.Xu teaches us maths.徐老师教我们数学。

President Li will come to our class.李校长将来我们班。

He was once mayor of the city.他曾经是这个市的市长。

They made him monitor.他们让他当班长。

John was captain of the team.约翰是队长。某些交通工具名称前不用冠词 by train 乘火车(=on a train)by ship 乘船(=on a ship)by taxi 乘出租车(= in a taxi)

第三篇:中考冠词、数词用法复习小结

培优中考冠词用法复习小结

歌曰:定冠词用法有规律,防止遗志很容易。

冠词是英语中最常见的一种限定词,它在句子中不能充当任何句子成分,所以也不能单独使用,特指双方都熟悉,上文已经被提及。只能用在名词前面,说明所指的人或物。冠词共有两种:不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词有a和an,世上无二仅独一,序数词和最高级。定冠词有the。在实际使用中,还有一种叫零冠词的,即在名词的前面不用任何冠词。

山河海岛建筑物,姓氏复数奏乐器。

[焦点一]不定冠词

少数形表人一类,方位名词须牢记。1.用法

普构专有惯用词,试用此诀有效率。l)表示数量有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强。l)特指某人或某物。如________ woman over there is ____________ popular teacher in our school.A.A;an

B.The;a C.The;the

D.A;the(2000年青海省)There are sixty minutes in _____________ hour.A.an B.a

C.the

D.× 2)指双方都知道的人或事物。如:Where are the new books,Jim? 2)表示某个人或事物,但不具体说明何人或何物,表示泛指。3)指上文提到过的人或物。如:There is an old woman standing there.The old woman looked worried.3):表示人或事物的某一类。4)用在世上独一无二的事物名词前。如:the sun, the sky, the earth, the world, etc.如:Pass me an apple, please. 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级前。如:The third one is carrying the fewest of all.4)表示“每一”的意思,相当于every\per。6)用在山脉、江河、海洋、岛等名词前。如:the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River, the Red Sea,the Taiwan Island, etc.如:Mr.Green goes to the cinema once a week.

5)表示某一个,相当于a certain 7)用在某些建筑物名词前。如:the White House, the Great Hall of the People A Mr, Smith is asking to see you.8)用在姓氏复数形式之前,表示“某某一家”或“某某夫妇”。如:the Greens, the Blacks, etc.2 不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前面,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前面。另外,在表9)用在乐器名词前。如:the piano, the violin, etc.示一个以辅音音素开头的字母(如:b,c,d,g,j,k等)时,字母前面用a;在表示一个以元音10)用在少数名词化的形容词前表示一类人或事物。如:the old, the poor, the blind, etc.音素开头的字母(如:a,e,l,m,n等)时,字母前面用an。例如: 11)用在表示方向位置的名词前。如:in the east, on the right, in the centre, etc.1)(2002年济南市)This is ________ empty bottle.Could you give me ______ full one? 12)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the People’s Republic of China, etc.A.a;a

B.an;a

C.the;the

D.×;a 13)用在某些习惯用语中。如:in the morning, by the way, look the same, etc.2)(2003年广西壮族自治区)There is __________ apple and some pears on the table.in the evening 在晚上in the field

在田野里in the country

在乡间in the sun

在阳光下

A.the

B.×

C.a

D.an on the right

在右边by the way

顺便说一下in the front of 在前部in the daytime

白天

3)(2004年广东省)----Did you do well in ____________ English exam? go to the concert

去听音乐会 in the beginning

开始

at the moment

当时,此刻

----Yes, I got ____________“A”.all the year round

一年到头go to the cinema

去看电影go to the theatre 去看戏

A.the;an

B.an;the

C.a;×

D.the;a at the weekend

周末 in the afternoon

在下午in the sky

在空中in the dark 在暗处

3.用于某些固定词组中。例如:half an apple 半个苹果 in the rain 在雨中on the left

在左边all the time

始终in the middle of 在中间

Two hours and a half

half an hour

半个小时as a result

因此

for a while

一会儿

once on the way home 回家途中all the same 依然at the same time 同时in the end 终于 in a while

偶尔

for a moment 一会儿

have a word with sb.同某人谈话

have a nice trip

on the one hand, on the other hand

一方面,另一方面 旅途愉快

have(/take)a walk

散步

make a face

做鬼脸

in a hurry

匆忙地

do sb.a [焦点三]不用冠词的几种情况:零冠词的基本用法 favor

帮某人忙

take an active part in 积极参加

live a happy life

过幸福生活

歌曰:下列情况不用冠,名词之前代词限; give a lesson

教一堂课

once upon a time

从前

专有名词不可数,球类学科与三餐;

(2004年福州市)----Where is Xiao Ming?--He’s having __________ rest over there.复数名词表泛指,节日月份星期前;

A.a B.an

C.the

D.×

颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。a useful book

一件有用的书

a university

一所大学 1)当名词前已经有this, that, my, whose, some, any, no, each, every等物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、a European country

一个欧洲国家

a one-eyed man

一个一目失明的人 名词所有格等修饰限定时,不加冠词 an hour

一小时

an honor 一种荣誉 如:The letter is in her bag.an honest boy

一个诚实的男孩

an umbrella

一把伞 an uncle

一位叔叔 2)专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词等不可数名词前。如:China,water,music, etc.

[焦点二]定冠词主要和名词连用,表示某个或某些特定的人或物。其用法如下:

3)球类活动、学科名词、一日三餐前。4)复数名词表示泛指。如:They are workers 5)节日、星期、月份、季节名称前。如:June 1 is Children’s Day. 6)表示颜色、语言、称呼语和官职、头衔的名词前。Make her monitor 7)某些固定词组或习惯用语中。

如:at night noon , go to school, by bus, at home

在家

on time 准时in time 按时at work 在工作on show

在展出in trouble 处于困境 at first 起初at last

终于in fact

事实上on holiday

在度假on duty

值日 at times

有时候after class

课后at night

在夜间with pleasure

乐意地 8 某些交通工具名称前不用冠词 by train 乘火车(=on a train)by ship 乘船(=on a ship)by taxi 乘出租车(= in a taxi)by plane 乘飞机(=on a plane)by bus 乘公交车(=on a bus)by bike 骑自行车(=on a bike)by car 乘小汽车(=in a car)

on foot 步行 定冠不定冠 意思差千万

有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词,其意义有所不同。如:1)at table在吃饭;

at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上课;

in the class在班级中 3)go to school去上学;go to the school到那所学校去 4)go to bed上床睡觉;

go to the bed到床那边去 5)in front of在…的前面;

in the front of在…的前部.6)take place 发生,举行 take one's place

代替某人(的工作)

7)on earth

究竟,到底(用于加强语气)on the earth

在地球上

8)four of them

他们当中4人(不只4人)he four of them

他们4人(共计4人)9)next week(month)下周(下个月)(以现在看将来)

the next week(month)

第二周(下个月)(在过去某一时间之后)10)in hospital 因病住院in the hospital 在医院里(不一定生病)11)a number of 许多(修饰可数名词复数)

the number of ……的数量(修饰可数名词,作主语是谓语动词用单数)13 两个平行、并列的名词前不用冠词

例:arm in arm 臂挽臂side by side

肩并肩one by one 一个接一个

hand in hand

手拉手

face to face

面对面

day by day 一天一天的day and night

日日夜夜

中考考点冠词练习

举一反三,学的更轻松!

1.-What are you going to be when you grow up?-I hope to be ________ artist when I grow up.A.a

B.an

C.the

D./ 2.-Are you ________ Chinese or American?-Chinese.But I was brought up in New York.A.an

B./

C.the

D.one 3.-Where is Tom?

-He's having ________ rest over there.A.a

B.an

C.the

D.不填

4.Antonia is ________ American girl.She studies in ________ university in Changsha.A.the;a

B.a;a

C.an;a

D.an; an 5.-Have you got ________ E-mail address?-Oh yes.Mine is hfc2008@sohu.com.A.a

B.an

C.the

D./

6.-Have you seen ________ magazine? I left it here a moment ago.-Is it________ new English magazine? I saw it was taken away by Bruce.A.a; a

B.a;an

C.a; the

D.the; the 7.We can't see ________sun at ________ night.A.a,/ B.a,the

C.the,/

D.the,the

8.This is ________song I've told you about.Isn't it ________beautiful song? A.the;the B.a; a

C.the; a

D.a; the 9.-Did you enjoy your stay in Guangzhou?

-Yes.We had ________ wonderful time in the White Clouds Hill.A.a

B.an

C.the

D./

10.Jim is good at ________ piano.He does well in ________ football,too.A.playing,playing

B.playing,playing the C.playing the,to play

D.playing the,playing

11.There's ________apple tree in front of ________house.A.an,/ B.the,the

C.an,the

D.a,the

12.It takes us ________ hour or more to go to my hometown by ________ train.A.an,a B.a,an

C.an,/

D.a,/ 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!

1.September 10th is ____________ Teachers' Day.2.---Do you like playing _________ football?

---Yes.But I have only _________ basketball.3.Do you know _______girl on ________ other side of ________ lake?

4.There's ________ “u” and ________ “s” in ________work “use”.5.She says ________animals cant's live without __________air, either.6.His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.7.Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse?

8.Don't make any noise in ______class.9.He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young.10.________ Greens are traveling in _________ South China.11.Although ________ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ________most are _______ least healthy.12.Xiaomei saw _________ interesting film last night.________ film was about ______ kind doctor.一、数词的分类 1.基数词

表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下: A.从1——10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.从 11——19 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen. 这里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。C.从 21——99 整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-” 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D.百位数

个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位数以上

从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four F.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现。There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大厅里有数以百计的人。

Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and

Horses every day.

每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地来到了剧院。

G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示。He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多岁时成为了教授。She died of lung cancer in forties.她四十来岁时死于肺癌。It was in the 1960s.那是在二十世纪六十年代。H.基数词的句法功能

基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。

The two happily opened the box.两个人高兴地打开了盒子。(作主语)I need three altogether.我总共需要三个。(作宾语)

Four students are playing volleyball outside.四个学生在外面打排球。(作定语)We are sixteen.我们是16个人。(作表语)

They three tried to finish the task before sunset.他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。(作同位语)2.序数词

表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词的主要形式: A.从第一至第十九

其中,one— first,two— second,three— third,five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth为特殊形式,其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth. B.从第二十至第九十九

整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth

表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 C.第一百以上的多位序数词

由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一

one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D.序数词的缩写形式

有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。first——lst second——2nd third——3rd fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。E.序数词的句法功能

序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。

The second is what I really need.第二个是我真正需要的。(作主语)He choose the second.他挑选了第二个。(作宾语)

We are to carry out the first plan.我们将执行第一个计划。(作定语)She is the second in our class.在我们班她是第二名。(作表语)

注:序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词 the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再——”,“又——”。

We'll go over it a second time.我们得再念第二遍。

We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?我们已经试过三遍了,还必须试一次(第四次)吗?

另外,基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可,不需要添加定冠词。the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5(five)

the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)

二、时刻表示法

1.表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的o'clock 5:00 读作 five o'clock 或 five 2.表示几点过几分,在分钟后加past,再加小时 five past seven 七点过五分 half past six 六点半

a quarter past eight 八点过一刻 seven past eight 八点过七分

3.表示几点差几分,在分钟后面加to,再加小时 ten to eight 差十分八点(七点五十分)

a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二点(十一点四十五分)twenty to six 差二十分六点(五点四十分)

在日常生活中,常用下列简单方法表示时间。以小时、分种为单位分别读出数字。6:31读作 six thirty-one 10:26读作 ten twenty-six 14:03 读作 fourteen o three 16:15 读作 sixteen fifteen 18:30 读作 eighteen thirty 23:55 读作 twenty-three fifty-five

注:时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法,这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了。

三、年月表示法

1.世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加's表示 the sixth(6th)century 公元六世纪

the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世纪 the 1900's 二十世纪 the 1600's 十七世纪

这里,用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。2.年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成

in the 1930's(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世纪三十年代

in the 1860's(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)在十九世纪六十年代 In the 1870's when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时,他发现研究俄国的形势很重要,便开始学习俄语。

3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late in the early 1920's 在二十世纪二十年代早期 in the mid-1950's 在二十世纪五十年代中期 4.年月日表示法

A.年份用基数词表示,一般写为阿拉伯数字,读时可以以hundred为单位,也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。

1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 读作 eighteen hundred 253 读作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three 1902 读作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two 表示在哪一年,一般在年数前加介词in,使用year时,year放在数词之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年 但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。

B.月份,在哪个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词表示。例如:in May在五月; in July在七月。为了简便起见,月份与日期连用时,月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示,但September除外。January——Jan.一月 February——Feb.二月 March——Mar.三月 April——Apr.四月 August——Aug.八月 September——Sept.九月 October——Oct.十月 November——Nov.十一月 December——Dec.十二月

注:这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略,因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。C.日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要添加介词on。National Day is on Oct.1.国庆节是十月一日。(读作 October first)此句也可以表示为 National Day is on the 1st of October. May 5 五月五日(读作May fifth)也可以表示为the fifth(5th)of May Mar.1(st)三月一日(读作March first或 the first of March)

5.表示不具体、不确切的时间,如世纪、年代、年份、月份时,用介词in表示,表示具体确切的某一天用介词on表示通常情况下morning,afternoon,evening等词前用介词in。但是,当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语,把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时,介词in应改为on。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。

On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house.在一个寒冷的早晨,这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里。

I don't want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study.我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰。The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7.这次事故发生在7月7日下午。We are to have a small test on Monday morning.星期一早晨我们将进行一次小测验。

四、加减乘除表示法

1.“加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等词表示。2+3=? 可表示为: How much is two plus three? 2+3=5Two plus three is five. Two and three is equal to five. Two and three make five. Two added to three equals five.

If we add two to/and three, we get five.二加三等于五 2.“减”用 minus或 take from表示 10-6=? How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4Ten minus six is four.

Take six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four.十减去六等于四 3.“乘”用time(动词)或multiply表示 3X4=? How much is three times four? 3X4=12Three times four is/are twelve. Multiply three by four,we get twelve.

Three multiplied by four makes twelve.三乘以四等于十二 4.“除”用divide的过去分词形式表示

16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 16÷4=4Sixteen divided by four is four.

Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four.十六除以四等于四。

五、分数表示法

1.分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 1 1/4 one and a quarter 2.当分数后面接名词时,如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数。1 1/2 hours 一个半小时(读作 one and a half hours)3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(读作two and three-fourths meters)4/5 meter 五分之四米 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸

3.表示“n次方”的说法:指数用序数词,底数用基数词。

10的7次方 the seventh power of ten(ten to the seventh power)6的10次方 the tenth power of six(six to the tenth power)六、小数表示法

1.小数用基数词来表示,以小数点为界,小数点左首的数字为一个单位,表示整数,数字合起来读;小数点右首的数字为一个单位,表示小数,数字分开来读;小数点读作 point,o读作 zero或o[ou],整数部分为零时,可以省略不读。0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四 10.23 ten point two three 十点二三

25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七 l.03 one point o three 一点零三

2.当数字值大于1时,小数后面的名词用复数,数字值小于1时,小数后面的名词用单数。1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨 l.5 tons 一点五吨

七、百分数表示法

百分数用基数+percent表示 50% fifty percent

百分之五十 3% three percent

百分之三

0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零点一二

这里的percent前半部per表示“每一”,cent这一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式。

八、数量表示法

1.表示长、宽、高、面积等,用基数词+单位词(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容词(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基数词+单位词 + in + 名词(length,width,height,weight等)表示。

two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长 three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高 four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸宽 This box is 2 kilograms in weight.这个盒子有两千克重。

The city wall of Xi'an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high.西安城墙是12米宽,12米高。2.表示时间、距离时,使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。five minutes' walk步行五分钟(的距离)

It's an hour's ride from my hometown to our university.从我的家乡到我们大学是乘车一小时的路程。或:从我的家乡到我们大学需要乘车一小时。

It's three kilometers' distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.从我们校园到钟楼有三公里远。3.表示温度时,用below zero表示零下温度,温度用基数词+degree(s)+单位词(centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏)表示。

thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 摄氏 36度

four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 摄氏零下4度

Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.水在华氏三十二度时结冰。Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade.水在摄氏一百度时沸腾。这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么度量制度时,可以省略。

You are 37℃.(读作 thirty-seven degrees)你是三十七度。(摄氏)It's seven degrees below zero.今天是零下七度。(摄氏)

4.由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时,其中的名词用单数形式,名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。

It's a five-minute walk from the library to the playground.从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟。She's a sixteen-year-old girl.她是个十六岁的女孩。5.表示“比···大(或)几倍”的说法。

This room is two times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个(房间)大两倍。The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.这本词典比那本书厚四倍。My age is two times older than his.我的年龄比他大两倍。

第四篇:英语倒装句用法小结

倒装句

一般来说,倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装,有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的,有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的。

一、完全倒装(主谓倒装)是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。例:In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.1.以here, there,now, then引导的句子,要完全倒装。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如:Here comes the train!/ There goes the bell!注意:若代词作主语,只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Here he comes./ Here it is.2句首是拟声词或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副词,句子要完全倒装。(注意,这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词,也不能使用倒装结构。)如:Up went the rocket./Up it went.3.介词短语作状语在句首,句子要完全倒装。注意,这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如:In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.4.表语置于句首,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如:Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所说的情况也适合于后者,其倒装结构为“so/ neither/ nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词”,这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如:She has finished her homework, so has her brother.She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he.二、部分倒装(助动词倒装)是指把谓语的一部分(助动词)提到主语的前面。例: Never in my life have I seen such a thing.1.用于疑问句中。如:How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday?

2.if 从句中如有 were(had , should), if 省去后,要部分倒装,把were,had,should提到主语前面

如: If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him

3.as 引导的让步状语从句,要部分倒装(表语、状语倒装)。有以下几种形式:(1)副词置于句首

Much as I like it(=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.(2)动词置于句首

Wait as you may(= Although you may wait), he will not see you.(3).形容词或名词置于句首

Proud as the nobles are(=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.Child as he is(=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.注意:如果名词前有形容词修饰时,as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如: A bad-tempered man as he is(=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.4.句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时,句子要部分倒装

(not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly(scarcely), no sooner, not once, at no time,...)

Little do we know about him.No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.Seldom does he come back on Sundays.Not until he came back did I know about it.5.only 在句首引导状语,或not until 引导的状语在句首,主句要部分倒装。如: Only then did I realize the important of English./ Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions.但若only 修饰的是句子的其它成分,则无须倒装

Only socialism can save China.(only修饰句子的主语,仍用正常语序)

6.not only...but also...引导两个并列句,前倒后不倒。如:

Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lesso--ns.7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构

Many a time has John given me good advice./ Often have we made that test.8.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!

9.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.so„that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so 所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时,主句要用倒装结构。如: He

runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.(全部倒装)

10.状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡,或使上下文紧密衔接,句子要部分倒装。

第五篇:英语过去完成时用法小结

中招英语

过去完成时用法小结

一、过去完成时适用场合1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示,也可以暗含在上下文中。

I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。

The play had already started when we got to the theatre.我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。

2.过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去,常与for,since等词连用。如:

He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.他在部队干了十年,去年退役了。

He told me that he had known her since he was a child.他告诉我他从小就认识她。

He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study.他在去英国深造前,已学了八年英语。

3.在一段情景连贯的文字中,先发生的事放在后面叙述时,要用过去完成时。如:

Tom flew home, but his father had already died.汤姆乘飞机回家,他的父亲却已经去世了。

4.过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。

He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.他刚离开房间,他们就议论起他来。

We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。

It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话,这是第一次。

二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较

1.当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时,两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。

We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操后,我们吃早饭。

The train started to move just before he reached the platform.他到月台时火车刚开走。They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields.他们一到地里就开始耕地。

2.按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时,用一般过去时。

He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table.他走进屋子,打开灯,坐在桌子旁。

3.在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时,hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。

I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.我本来希望昨晚回来的,但没搭上火车。

We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go.我们本想早回来的,但他们不让我们走。

4.在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词,如:already,yet,since,for,ever,中招英语

never及次数名词等时,常用过去完成时来表示。

When we got there the basketball match had already started.我们到那里时,篮球赛已经开始了。

The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been.老人说他想到他从未去过的地方去。

5.如果句中出现了表示具体的过去时间的状语,句子的内容为过去的实际情况或句子的内容为历史事实时,句中的动词时态常用一般过去时。如:

The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老师说是哥伦布最早发现了美洲大陆。

6.表述说话人始料未及的事情时,句子的谓语动词常用一般过去时。由于受汉语表述习惯的影响,常会用错时态。

Jack, you are also here!I didn’t see you.杰克,你也在这啊!我没有看见你。

随讲随练

1.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _____ for the wedding.[2006年全国II卷]

A.will planB.has plannedC.would planD.had planned

2.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups.[2006年湖南卷]

A.was givingB.am givingC.had givenD.have given

3.Father for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.[2005年福建卷]

A.has leftB.leftC.was leavingD.had left

4.She ______ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.[2004年重庆卷]

A.would changeB.has changedC.changedD.was changing

5.He ______ to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.A.hopedB.has hopedC.had hopedD.would hoped

6.When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun ______ itself behind the mountain.[2005年湖北卷]

A.started;had already hidden

B.had started;had already hidden

C.had started;was hiding

D.was starting;hid

7.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.[2004年江苏卷]

A.beginB.beganC.have begunD.had begun

8.— Oh, is that you, Bob?

— Err...yes.Ah, you’re Mary.Sorry I _____ you.We haven’t seen each other for ten years, have we?

A.didn’t recognizeB.hadn’t recognized

C.haven’t recognizedD.don’t recognize

Key:1-8 DCDCCABA

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