高考必背历年高考完形填空常用词汇总结

第一篇：高考必背历年高考完形填空常用词汇总结

高考英语复习-历年高考完形填空常用词汇总结

历年高考完形填空常用词汇总结

动词类：

1“看”

look看的动作/ see看的结果;watch观察/observe为了研究进行的观察;Notice注意catch sight of看见/

stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看

Glance瞅见/glimpse瞥见

see a film watch TV 2“说”

telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth告诉的内容

talk with sb about sth强调说话者之间的交流

Say sth诉说的内容

speak in English说的语言 whisper sth to sb 耳语

Inform sb of sth 通知某人某事

reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事

Bargain讨价还价

chat聊天

repeat重复

explain解释

warn警告 remind提醒 Discuss 讨论debate辩论

figure 指出declare宣布 claim自称 mention 提起

admit 承认deny 否绝 describe描述 announce 公布 introduce 介绍complain抱怨

3“叫”

cry哭叫

call叫

shout大喊

scream尖叫

moan呻吟

sigh叹气 quarrel大吵

4“问”

ask 询问 interview 采访 express表达

question审问 5“答”

answer回答

respond回应(用其他方式回应)reply回复

“听” listen to听的动作

hear听的结果

pick up收听

overhear无意听到

7“写”

dictate听写

write sth 写 describe描写

drop a line 写信 draw画

take down/write down写下，记下

8“拿/放” take拿走

bring拿来

hold举着

carry扛，挑（无方向性）fetch拿来拿去

lift举

Put放 lay 铺/放置

pull拉/push推

9“抓”

take hold of 抓着 seize紧抓

grasp 握住

scratch 抠

10“打” hit一次性的打击

beat不间断的打击

strike突然的击打/突然想到

blow吹刮

attack攻击

11“扔” throw扔

drop掉 放弃 错过 fall 倒下无意掉下来 wave 招手 shake摇 12“送” send寄送

deliver递送

give给

offer 主动给予 see off给某人送行 13“摸/抱” touch摸 /fold折叠

/embrace拥抱 / hug抱/hold 握

in one’s arms 14“踢/碰” kick踢/knock敲/ tip 轻敲

15“行”

walk run climb jump skip 单腿跳 slip溜 come/go enter进入 move搬迁

高考英语复习-历年高考完形填空常用词汇总结

drive开车 ride 骑fly

crawl 匍匐前进

16“坐”

sit down

be seated seat oneself take a seat/ stand站，耸立/ lean斜靠 17“睡/休息” lie /on one’s back/ on one side/ on one’s stomach stay in bed have a rest

take a nap打盹

be asleep bend turn over翻身

rest

18“笑” smile 微笑（不出声）

laugh burst into laughter burst out laughing

19“哭”

cry shed tears 留泪

weep呜咽地哭

sob抽泣

burst into tears /burst out crying 20“找/查” find找到

look for正在找过程

find out查明

discover/explore 发现/探索

hunt for search for seek / seek for

in search of寻找

Search sb 搜身

search sp.for sth 为某物而搜寻某地

Check检查，核实

examine 考察发现问题/体检 test检测，检验

inspect视察 21“穿”

put on 动作 wear穿戴 have on试穿

be dressed in 穿的状态 make-up化装

get changed换衣服

be in red

Take off 脱 remove 去除

22“吃/喝” eat/drink sip吮吸

have a meal have supper toast taste

treat sb to请某人吃

help oneself to 随便吃

23“得”

get obtain acquire获得知识和技能

gain possess

24“失”

lose 丢了 be lost /be missing人错过失踪，不见

gone不见（物）

great loss

die

die off相继死去

die away 逐渐消失

25“有”

have

有

own是自己的conquer征服

occupy占有=possess

26“无” nothing left

the remaining thing

disappear

be missing /gone 27“增/减”

rise / go up /drop

人主动抬价

raise /bring down /reduce increase/decrease

28“买/卖” buy purchase afford pay

pay off pay for sell on sale bargain

Bill /

cheque /

cash/ credit card notes/ coins discounts 29“存在/消失”come into being exist appear survive

live show turn up

Disappear die

die out

pass away be out of sight 30“变化” develop improve become grow

go+ bad /wrong/ sour /without（negative adj.）turn + colour change /change into

reform

31“认识的过程”feel sense guess suppose wonder doubt know /learn realize Understand

remember

be familiar with

recall recite apply to

32“成功/失败”make it succeed make progress come true realize one’s dream win

高考英语复习-历年高考完形填空常用词汇总结

Lose

fail to do

failure defeat suffer loss beat turn sth.Into reality 33“努力” try /manage make efforts attempt do ones best do as much as one can to do 34祝贺

congratulations on sb celebrate observe 庆祝 get together 聚会 35赞美/批评 praise think highly of /

blame sb for sth/ sb is to blame

criticize /scold sb.for sth.have a low opinion of sb

Speak ill of

36喜/恶

like love be fond of be keen on be crazy about adore be into prefer enjoy in favor of

Dislike

hate be awful/disgusting

ignore turn off 37判断

think believe consider find feel conclude infer doubt

38到达 arrive at

reach

return to

get to

stay in sp

visit

leave leave for

on one’s way to

upon one’s arrival on doing sth

39受伤 hurt injured wound cut kill drown bleed get burnt suffer from

suffer a loss 40损坏 damage destroy ruin

break down

be broken crash 41修复

repair rebuild restore fix

recover oneself 42支持/反对 agree disagree accept receive

refuse turn down

be against elect

vote for/ against 43 做饭

cook wash cut chop boil fry steam make mix clean brush cover uncover cooker

建议 advise suggest recommend urge propose demand

persuade 说服 45 花费

sth/doing sth+cost

sb+spend+ in doing sth

Sb+afford +n/to do sth

It +take some time/ money/energy +to do sth

sb+ pay+$ for sth.at one’s expense 46 省/存钱

save /save up set aside put away

spare no effort/ time

参加

take part in

join /join in

attend compete in/ for/against 48控告 accuse sb.of

charge sb.With

救治 help /help out

save /rescue sb from sth.Treat过程 / cure 结果sb.Of sth

Aid sb in doing sth / to do sth help sb with sth assist sb in doing sth 50敬佩 admire respect show respect for/to adore envy /be jealousy in honor of 51逃避

ran away

escape from

flee hide

阻止/禁止 prevent / keep/ stop sb.From doing sth

forbid doing sth.Ban prohibit 53 对付/处理 handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth

solve settle

高考英语复习-历年高考完形填空常用词汇总结

效仿

copy imitate learn from learn

爆发/发生

come about happen to take place break out

burst out go off explosion

55安装/装备

fasten fix set equip

be armed with 用什么武装

be equipped with装备有

追求 pursuit ran after seek after chase catch up with赶上

keep up with跟上 57 想/考虑 think of 考虑/+as把什么看成 think about想起

consider

think over仔细考虑

be concerned 担心

be considerate towards sb.58 打算

plan / intend / design to do be going to do /be about to do /will do 59 似乎/好象

seem appear look like as if as though

开办/关闭 open start set up close/close up end close down 名词类“

1假期vacation holiday spring break

ask for leave be on holiday have two days off 2旅游 trip journey tour voyage travel tourist passenger go camping/picnicking/hiking 3职务人员 clerk secretary passer-by friend minister manager waitress guest host hostess

Assistant customer adult neighbor relative patient /vet staff crew nurse teacher

Conductor

tailor sailor inventor gardener guard

4餐馆/定餐/就餐 inn restaurant kitchen menu

bill order

tip

fork and knife

reserve /book table

Taste delicious salad dash vegetables fruit

tray napkin 5诊所/看病/服药 clinic hospital take one’s temperature

take medicine/pills have a fever/flu/headache doctor physician surgeon

specialist patient 6车站/机场

airport on board miss the train/bus catch a train meet sb.7身体部位

arm head hair brain waist back shoulder pulse wrist 8意志

will courage patience determination faith effort confidence

ambition energy 9才能/品质

talent gift ability

potential intelligent promising smart stupid careful proud

Strict honest cold serious easy-going learned knowledgeable

10优缺点 advantage disadvantage strength weakness 11目标

aim goal

intention purpose belief faith 12方式 means method way manner approach 13身体素质 strong weak pale sick ill be well keep slim/ fit cut weight/put on weight

高考英语复习-历年高考完形填空常用词汇总结

14图表 photo picture graph drawing table line/bar graph pie chart draw a sketch 划草图 15文章 reading translation essay poem paper novel/fiction article magazine newspaper

journal 日志 diary日记

Files

form make a list of 16课堂class course lecture example reason message notes words phrase scholarship degree

Subject question trouble difficulty grades read comment marks 17 学校活动 match game activity hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony 18建议/观点 advice suggestion idea proposal view recommandation 19气候/天气 climate weather storm windy cloudy rainy snow hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth

20交通

by train/bus /boat bike on the train/bus /a bike drive a car ride a bike

give sb.a lift/ride 21习惯 habit custom get used to regular有规律的（形容词）

practice惯例（名词）22感觉

sight hearing touch smell sense

23情感

feeling emotion anger

delight sadness sorrow 财富 money possessions wealth belongings fortunes treasure diamond be rich/well-off 25 运动比赛 on the playground

on the track and filed

pitch event game match

sports player

Coach

judge jogging weightlifting

play volleyball/soccer/ 26衣服

clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 27事件

incident, accident

incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故

形容词类 1人的各种感受

乐happy delighted

to one’s joy pleased amused 悲 sad unhappy painful bitter平静 calm

quiet silent/still peaceful 烦bother bored be fed up with

震惊 surprised astonished shocked /amazed

怕

in fear be frightened /scared /afraid 失望desperate disappointed hopeless be depressed 满意be satisfied with /be content to do

高考英语复习-历年高考完形填空常用词汇总结

生气 Annoyed angry

disgusting burst into rage 2 表程度的副词类

narrowly/ Nearly/ almost

hardly/ hard

extremely/ very

very/ quite

Accidently/ once in a while

occasionaly/ once

far / by far Farther/ further

better/ worse be well/ good however/ therefore/so/thus ….易考的近义词组

Run/ manage

grow/ plant

leave/remain

fit/ suit/ match

Hit/ beat/strike

meet/ satisfy

touch /feel

play /performer

Contain/ hold /seat/ fill

lie/sit/locate

help/work/ do Fall/ sink/ drop

matter/ problem /trouble/

money/ account Cause/ reason

that’s why/ that’s because

because/ since,as/ for Last/ continue

keep/ stay/

treat/ cure/ operate

separate/ divide Stand/ bear/tolerate/hold

turn/become/go change/vary/range Provide/supply/offer/ give/send

第二篇：高考必背

一、5年高考完形填空高频选项词汇

Group 1

1．accurate adj.准确的，正确的；精确的 2．admire v．钦佩；赞美；崇拜 3．admit v．承认；准许进入；可容纳 4．annoy v．使恼怒，使不高兴 5．adventure n．冒险，奇遇 6．anxiety n．担忧，焦虑；渴望 7．anxious adj.忧虑的，焦急的；渴望的 8．apart adv.相隔，相距；分离；除外

9．appearance n．出现，露面；容貌，外表，外观

10．appoint v．任命，委任；安排；确定(时间、地点)；指定；约定 11．appreciate v．欣赏；感激；理解

12．appreciation n．欣赏；鉴定，评估；感激；理解 13．approach n．途径，方式，方法 v．靠近，接近；建议；要求

14．arrival n．到来，到达；到达者，到达物 15．ashamed adj.惭愧的；害臊的；羞耻的 16．assist v．帮助，协助，援助 17．astonishing adj.惊人的；令人惊讶的

18．attach v．把……固定；重视；系，贴，连接；使附属；使依恋 19．attackvt.&n．攻击，侵害；(疾病等的)突然发作 20．attitude n．态度

21．avoid v．避免，躲开，逃避，回避 22．awkward adj.令人尴尬的，使人难堪的 23．basic adj.基本的，基础的 24．behaviour n．行为，举止 25．believe v．相信，认为

26．besides prep.除……以外(还有……)adv.此外(还)，而且

27．beyond prep.(表示位置)在……较远的一边；超过；迟于 28．blame n．&v．责备；责怪，埋怨 29．boring adj.乏味的，令人厌烦的 30．brave adj.勇敢的 31．broad adj.宽的，宽阔的

32．burden n．(义务、责任等的)重担，负担 v．烦扰；使负重，装载 高考链接

1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Approaching the vehicle，they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance from.3．(2015·重庆高考)Alice paid the vet to continue treatment.I grew anxious：what if the family had simply left the cat behind? 4．(2014·湖南高考)Whatever failures I suffer in my life，an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something.Besides，through ironing I’ve learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems.Group 2

1．calm adj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的 v．镇静，使平静下来 2．care n．照料，保护，忧虑 v．介意……，在乎；关心 3．carefully adv.小心地，仔细地 4．carry v．运送；传送；传递 5．carve vt.刻；雕刻 6．change n．变化；零钱 v．改变，更换；兑换

7．cheat n．&v．骗取，哄骗；作弊，舞弊 8．cheerful adj.兴高采烈的，快活的 9．choice n．选择；抉择

10．circumstance n．条件；环境；状况，情况 11．clap vi.拍手；鼓掌 n．拍手

12．clean vt.打扫，清扫 adj.清洁的，干净的 13．colleague n．同事 14．colour n．颜色 vt.给……涂色，粉饰

15．combine vt.使联合；使结合 16．comfort n．安慰；慰问 v．安慰；慰问，慰藉

17．comforting adj.令人欣慰的；安慰的

18．comfortable adj.舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的 19．comment n．评论

20．communication n．交际，交往；通讯 21．company n．公司；商号；伙伴 v．陪伴

22．challenge n．挑战(性)v．向……挑战

23．chance n．机会，可能性 24．conclusion n．结论；结局；推论 25．condition n．条件，状况，境况，状态 26．confuse v．使迷惑，混淆，使混乱，搞乱 27．consequence n．结果，后果 28．continue vi.继续，延续

29．contribute v．贡献，捐献；投稿 30．contribution n．贡献 高考链接

1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)She gave me a comforting smile，nodded while listening patiently，and then printed out the ticket immediately.2．(2015·广东高考)On the whole，our population is getting older.The changes in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life.3．(2015·陕西高考)I passed the clean comb back to Dad.He smiled at me and carefully placed his comb on his wallet.4．(2015·福建高考)Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her choice of boyfriends，the way she was living，the way she related to her mother，and various other things she felt she needed to express.Group 3

1．convenient adj.便利的，方便的 2．correct v．改正；纠正 adj.正确的，对的；恰当的

3．cost v．值(钱)，花费，使付出代价 n．价格；费用；成本；代价 4．courage n．勇气；胆略；胆量 5．cover n．盖子；罩；封面

v．覆盖，遮盖；掩蔽；行走(一段路程)；占(多少面积、时间)；采访，报道；够付(费用)，足以支付

6．crazy adj.疯狂的；热衷的；着迷的；精神失常的 7．crowd n．人群，一群人，一伙人 vt.拥挤，涌上(心头)8．cure vt.治疗，医治；治愈；纠正，矫正；消除(弊病等)n．治疗；疗法；对策，措施 9．curious adj.好奇的 10．dangerous adj.危险的 11．decade n．十年；十年期

12．decide v．决定，决断；判决；下决心 13．decision n．决定

14．deed n．行为；事迹；行动 15．defend vt.防守；保卫；辩护

16．delay v．&n．拖延，延迟，延期；延误，耽搁 17．deliberately adv.故意地，蓄意地，存心地 18．describe vt.描写，叙述，描述 19．design vt.设计，策划

n．设计，布局；图案，图样，样式 20．destroy vt.破坏，毁坏

21．determine vt.决定；影响；确定

22．determined adj.有决心的，意志坚定的；果断的 23．different adj.不同的，有差异的 24．dig v．挖(洞、沟)，掘 25．digest v．消化，领会

26．direction n．方向；方位；指示 27．dirty adj.脏的；卑劣的 28．disappointment n．失望；沮丧 29．discover vt.发现

30．disturb vt.扰乱；打扰；使焦虑

31．draw v．绘画；绘制；拉，拖；提取，领取(金钱)；吸引；引起 32．dream n．&vt.梦，梦想 高考链接

1．(2016·江苏高考)And at that moment，I made the decision：I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my life.2．(2016·天津高考)My ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes，into this determined human being with a passion and a mission.3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)His words freed me from my bad dreams.4．(2014·湖北高考)The park was crowded，so it took us some time to find an available site.5．(2014·四川高考)She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be curious about what he was doing.6．(2014·辽宁高考)Several weeks later，when I described the situation to my friend Ken Hardy，he smiled，“You made a classic mistake.”

Group 4

1．drive v．驾驶，开(车)；驱赶，驱使 2．drop n．滴；少量，微量

v．掉下，落下；变弱，降低，减少；停止；放弃 3．during prep.在……期间 4．eagerly adv.渴望地，热切地 5．earn vt.挣得，赚得，赢得

6．easy adj.容易的，不费力的，舒适的 7．education n．教育，培养 8．effort n．努力

9．embarrass v．使窘迫，使尴尬 10．empty adj.空的 v．(使)变空

11．energy n．精力，能量 12．enjoy vt.欣赏；享受；喜欢 13．enjoyable adj.愉快的；有趣的 14．enter vt.进入；参加；输入 15．entertainment n．娱乐

16．enthusiastic adj.热情的，热心的 17．enthusiastically adv.热情地，热心地

18．entrance n．入口；入场；进入的权利；入学许可；进入 19．environment n．环境 20．envy vt.&n．忌妒；羡慕 21．equal adj.平等的 vt.等于，使等于

n．相等的事物；相同的人 22．equipment n．装备，设备 23．escape n．&vi.逃跑；逃脱 24．even adv.甚至，连(……都)；更 25．eventually adv.最终地 26．examine v．检查

27．excellent adj.极好的，优秀的 28．excite vt.使兴奋，使激动 29．excited adj.感到兴奋的，激动的 30．expect vt.预料；盼望；认为 31．expensive adj.昂贵的 高考链接

1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)One thing is for certain—Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle！His efforts most likely saved the woman’s life.2．(2016·四川高考)Maybe your mom would enjoy hearing the story.3．(2016·北京高考)On the 20th of that month，Dr.Welch examined a sick boy，Billy，and knew he had diphtheria，a deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children.4．(2015·浙江高考)Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and empty.5．(2014·天津高考)Every evening I’d eagerly wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.Group 5

1．experiment n．实验 vi.做实验

2．explain vt.解释，说明 3．explode v．爆炸

4．extra adj.额外的，外加的，附加的 adv.特别；额外；外加 5．extremely adv.极其，非常 6．fade vi.褪色，(颜色)消退

7．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)8．fair adj.公平的，合理的；(肤色)白晳的；(人)白肤金发的 n．集市；庙会；展览会 9．faith n．信仰；信念；信心 10．fall vi.落(下)，降落；倒下 n．秋季；下跌 11．familiar adj.熟悉的

12．feel v．&n．感觉，觉得；触摸 13．finally adv.最后；终于 14．find vt.找到；发现；感到 15．fine adj.好的；优良的 adv.很好地；精巧地 16．finish v．完成；结束 n．结尾，结局

17．fire n．火；火炉；火灾 vi.开(枪、炮等)，射击；解雇 18．firm n．公司；企业 adj.坚固的，坚定的

19．fond adj.喜爱的，爱好的 20．forbid vt.禁止，不许 21．forget v．忘记；忘掉 22．forgive vt.原谅，宽恕 23．form n．表格；形式；结构 v．形成；建立

24．fortunately adv.幸运地；吉利地 25．fortune n．财产；运气 26．free adj.自由的；空闲的 vt.使自由；解放；释放 27．freedom n．自由

28．freeze vi.结冰；冷藏；(因害怕等)僵住不动 29．frequently adv.经常地；频繁地 30．friendly adj.友好的 高考链接

1．(2016·天津高考)After years of regular treatment，she finally became healthy.2．(2016·北京高考)Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again.3．(2016·天津高考)She had a firm intention within herself to be the best she could be.4．(2015·广东高考)However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live—if he or she is extremely healthy and lucky.5．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Joe fell into a huge crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below.6．(2014·陕西高考)Her husband was with her，but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.Fortunately，a lot of people stopped to help out.Group 6

1．friendship n．友谊，友情 2．frighten vt.使惊恐，吓唬 3．front adj.前面的；前部的 n．前面；前部；前线

4．function n．&v．作用，功能；运转，运行 5．future n．将来；未来；前途 adj.将来的；未来的

6．gain vt.赢得；挣得；获得；增加 n．增加；利润；收获 7．game n．游戏；运动；比赛 8．gather v．聚集

9．generally adv.大体上，总的说来

10．generous adj.慷慨大方的，宽厚的，宽宏大量的 11．gift n．赠品；礼物；天赋 12．goal n．(足球)球门；目标 13．graduation n．毕业，毕业典礼 14．gratefully adv.感激地，感谢地 15．greedy adj.贪婪的 16．greet vt.问候；向……致敬 17．grow v．成长，长大 18．guess vi.猜，猜出，想 n．猜测

19．guide n．向导，指南，导游 v．引导

20．guilty adj.有罪的，犯法的；内疚的 21．habit n．习惯 22．half n．一半，半场 23．hand n．手；指针；帮忙，支援 v．递；给；交付，交上 24．happen vi.(偶然)发生，碰巧 25．hard adv.努力地；使劲地；猛烈地 adj.坚硬的；困难的，艰难的 26．hardly adv.几乎不

27．harmful adj.有害的；导致损害的 28．hate vt.&n．恨，讨厌

29．head n．头；头脑；才智；首脑；源头 adj.头部的；主要的；首席的

v．率领；加标题；用头顶；出发；(船等)驶向 30．height n．高，高度 高考链接

1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)“What a wonderful lady！” I thought.Rushing out gratefully I called out over my shoulder，“By the way，what’s your name？”

2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)They had begun to integrate(融合)the kinds of play and teamwork they had seen the day before into their game.3．(2014·福建高考)And each year he’d shake his head，muttering(嘀咕)something about building self-confidence and working towards a goal.4．(2012·湖北高考)“What about a horn？” he then asked.“Look，this horn is no larger than a matchbox and has many functions.” Attracted by these functions，I bought the horn.Group 7

1．help n．&vt.帮助，帮忙 2．helpless adj.无助的 3．hire vt.租用，雇用 n．租借

4．hit v．击，打；碰撞；使突然想起 5．hold vt.拿；抱；握住；容纳；举行；进行 n．抓住

6．holiday n．假日；假期 7．honest adj.诚实的，正直的 8．hope n．&v．希望 9．hopefully adv.充满希望地

10．hopeless adj.没有希望的，不可救药的 11．however adv.然而，可是

conj.然而，可是，尽管如此；不管用什么方法 12．hurry vi.赶快，匆忙 n．急忙，匆忙

13．impossible adj.不可能的

14．innocent adj.天真无邪的，清白的 15．inspire vt.鼓舞；激励 16．instead adv.代替，顶替 17．instruction n．说明，须知

18．interest n．兴趣，趣味；利息，利益，好处 vt.使发生兴趣

19．interesting adj.有趣的

20．interview n．&vt.采访，会见，面试 21．join v．参加，加入 22．main adj.主要的

23．manner n．方式；态度；举止；礼貌 24．march n．游行，行进，行军 25．mean vt.意思是；打算；意欲 26．memory n．记忆

27．merry adj.欢乐的，愉快的 28．mix v．混合，混淆

29．monitor n．(班级内的)班长；监视器 30．move v．移动；搬动；搬家；使感动 31．national adj.国家的，国有的，民族的 32．nature n．自然界；性质；本性，天性 高考链接

1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I helped him move slowly over the fence.2．(2016·北京高考)Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.However，the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away，in Anchorage.3．(2015·四川高考)I gently placed one on top of the groundhog’s head.Again，not a move.4．(2015·安徽高考)Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions instead of throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about spending.5．(2014·新课标全国卷)It was impossible for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.6．(2014·山东高考)While nursing her ill elder sister throughout the years，Charlotte discovered she had an interest in medicine.Group 8

1．nervous adj.紧张不安的 2．nice adj.友好的，和蔼的 3．noisy adj.喧闹的，嘈杂的 4．normal n．正常 adj.正常的(状态)5．note n．便条，笔记，注释；钞票，纸币；音符，音调 vt.记下，记录；注意

6．notice n．布告，通知；注意 vt.注意到

7．observe v．观察，看到，注意到；遵守；庆祝 8．once n．&adv.一次，一度，从前 conj.一旦

9．only adj.唯一的，仅有的 adv.仅仅，只，才

10．open adj.开着的，未封的，开的 vt.开，打开

11．operation n．手术，操作 12．opinion n．看法，见解 13．optimistic adj.乐观的

14．otherwise adv.要不然，否则，在其他方面 15．outgoing adj.爱交际的，外向的，对人友好的 16．owe vt.欠(债等)，归功于 17．pain n．疼痛，疼 18．painful adj.痛的，痛苦的 19．pass v．传，经过 n．通行证

20．passenger n．乘客，旅客 21．patience n．容忍；耐心 22．pattern n．式样

23．perfect adj.完美的，极好的 vt.使完善

24．picture n．图片；使完美，照片 25．place n．地方 vt.放置

26．plan n．&v．计划，方案

27．play v．玩；打(球)；比赛；扮演，假装 n．玩耍；戏剧

28．pleased adj.高兴的，满意的 29．pleasure n．高兴，愉快，乐事

30．positive adj.乐观的，积极的；肯定的，正电的；阳性的 31．possess vt.占有；拥有 高考链接

1．(2016·江苏高考)While we were eating，Kurt asked me，“John，what is your plan for personal growth？”

2．(2015·北京高考)Someone had left a note under their door during the night.3．(2015·江苏高考)I’m an ambitious writer，and when I started going through chemo(化疗)，even though I’m a very positive person，I lost my drive to write.4．(2014·四川高考)Tom was working out in the field when he noticed her walking around at the edge of the field.5．(2014·浙江高考)He is the only one you have to convince，and he can’t hear you in the back of the room.Group 9

1．poster n．招贴画；海报；巨幅装饰画 2．potential adj.潜在的，可能的 n．可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能

3．power n．权利，势力；力，动力；电力；强国 4．powerful adj.效力大的，强有力的，强大的 5．practical adj.实际的，实用的 6．practice n．练习

7．praise n．&vt.赞扬，表扬 8．predict v．预言，预告，预测 9．present v．呈现；递交 10．pressure n．压迫；压力；压强 11．preview vt.预习；试演；预演 12．pride n．自豪，骄傲

13．principle n．原理，原则，信条 14．prize n．奖赏，奖品 adj.优秀的；获奖的 15．problem n．问题，难题

16．produce vt.生产；制造；展现；制作 17．progress n．进步，上进 vi.进展，进行

18．prohibit v．禁止，阻止 19．promise n．&vi.答应，允诺 vt.使有可能

20．proud adj.自豪的；骄傲的

21．publish v．出版，发行，公布，发表 22．pull v．拉，拖 n．拉力，引力

23．punish v．惩罚，处罚 24．put vt.放，摆 25．quarrel vi.争吵，吵架 n．口角

26．question vt.询问 n．问题

27．quiet adj.安静的；寂静的 28．quit v．离开，退出；停止；辞职 29．rank n．职衔，军衔 30．reaction n．反应

31．read v．阅读；理解；写着 32．realize vt.认识到，实现 高考链接

1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for practice.2．(2016·天津高考)Hearing her coughing bitterly one night，I decided to pull her from it all.3．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)As a matter of fact，we can see this principle at work in people of all ages.4．(2014·北京高考)Mr.Brown thanked her for all the wonderful posters and gave her a professional artist’s set.“Thank you，” she cried.I realized，at that time when I was looking at her excited face，she’d probably never owned anything in her whole life.Group 10

1．reason v．推理；推断 n．理由，原因

2．reasonable adj.合乎情理的 3．recite v．背诵

4．recognize vt.认出，认识；承认；意识到 5．refuse v．拒绝

6．regular adj.规则的，有规律的，定期的 7．reject v．拒绝 n．次品

8．relief n．安慰，欣慰；减轻，缓解；救济 9．repair n．&vt.修理；修补 10．repeat vt.重复；重说，重做 n．重复；副本

11．reply n．回答，答复 12．report n．&v．报道，报告 13．reporter n．记者 14．request n．请求，要求 15．requirement n．需要；要求 16．rescue vt.营救，援救 17．research n．研究，调查 18．respond vi.作答，响应 19．responsibility n．责任，职责 20．responsible adj.有责任的，负责的 21．rest n．休息；剩余部分，其余的人(或物)v．休息，歇息

22．review vt.回顾；复习；评论；检阅 n．评审；复查；复习；评论 23．rule n．规则，规定 v．统治，支配

24．run vi.跑，奔跑；管理，经营，运转；流动 25．safe adj.安全的，平安的 26．same n．同样的人或事 adj.同样的，同一的 27．satisfaction n．满意

28．save vt.救，挽救；节省，积攒

29．scene n．场景，布景；发生地现场；景色 30．scientific adj.科学的

31．search n．&v．搜寻，搜查，寻找 32．seize vt.抓住(时机等)，夺取，抢占 33．seldom adv.很少，不常 34．select vt.选择，挑选；选拔 高考链接

1．(2016·浙江高考)They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had refused to sell to tourists.2．(2014·辽宁高考)I felt a little uneasy，but to my relief，I had a good excuse.3．(2014·江西高考)With a smile of satisfaction on his face he said，“There！How does that feel？”“Oh，James，” Mum said.“That’s much better！How did you do it？”

4．(2012·江苏高考)They can also make people feel trapped and forced to answer unwanted calls or reply to unwanted texts.5．(2012·重庆高考)Plants make such good companions：they breathe，they bloom，they respond to care and love.Group 11

1．send v．打发，派遣；送，邮寄

2．sense n．感觉；理解；意识；判断力；感官 v．感觉到

3．set(set，set)vt.释放，安置 n．一套；一副；布景；舞台 4．shelter n．掩蔽；隐蔽处 vt.掩蔽，庇护 5．shock vt.使震惊 n．吃惊，休克

6．sign n．符号，标记；征兆；手势；信号 7．silence n．安静，沉默，寂静 8．similar adj.相似的，相像的，类似的

9．simple adj.简单的，简易的，朴素的，单纯的；完全的 10．single adj.单一的，单个的，单身的 11．situation n．处境，状况 12．skate vi.溜冰，滑冰

13．soon adv.不久，很快，一会儿 14．sorrow n．悲伤，悲痛；伤心事 15．sorry int.对不起，抱歉 adj.难过；懊悔；可怜的 16．special adj.特别的，专门的 17．speech n．演讲

18．speechless adj.(因激动等)说不出话的 19．spiritual adj.精神的；心灵的

20．spread v．延伸；展开，散布，蔓延，传开 21．stage n．舞台；阶段 22．stand n．看台，摊位；立场 v．站立；坐落；忍受

23．start v．开始，着手；出发；创办 24．stay n．&vi.停留，逗留；维持，保持 25．stick vi.粘住，钉住；坚持；卡住 n．木棒(棍)，枝条，小树枝 26．still adj.不动的，平静的 adv.仍然，还，依旧

27．storm n．风暴，暴(风)雨，暴(风)雪 28．strange adj.奇怪的，奇特的；陌生的 29．strength n．力量，力气；强项，长处 30．strong adj.强(壮)的；坚固的；强烈的；坚强的 高考链接

1．(2016·江苏高考)I told him about the many activities in which I was involved.And I went into a speech about how hard I worked and the gains I was making.2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)One afternoon，I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller stuck

going over a fence—which wasn’t hard to climb if you had both arms.3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived，but she thought the car was going to explode.4．(2014·广东高考)Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers.Then again，teenagers have similar feelings about their parents.5．(2014·北京高考)“And finally，” said Mr.Brown，the schoolmaster，at the end of the show，“we have a special award.I’m sure you’ve all noticed the wonderful posters.”

Group 12

1．suggestion n．建议；暗示 2．suitable adj.合适的，适宜的 3．suspect n．犯罪嫌疑人 v．怀疑；猜想

4．surprise vt.使惊奇，使诧异 n．惊奇，诧异

5．survive v．幸存，幸免于难；从(困难)中挺过来；挺下来，熬过 6．sympathy n．同情；慰问；赞同，支持 7．talent n．天才，天赋，才能 8．teach v．教书，教学 9．tear n．眼泪，泪水 v．扯破，撕开

10．terrible adj.可怕的；极度的，严重的 11．therefore adv.因此，所以 12．though conj.尽管，虽然 adv.然而，但是

13．thought n．思想；思考，想法 14．through adv.通过，自始至终 15．thus adv.如此，因而，这样 16．tiny adj.极小的，微小的 17．tired adj.疲劳的，累的，厌倦的 18．touch vt.触摸，接触；触动，感动 19．trouble vt.使苦恼，使麻烦 n．困难；疾病；麻烦 20．trust n．&vt.相信，信任 21．try v．尝试，试图，努力 n．尝试

22．unless conj.如果不，除非 23．until prep.&conj.直到……为止

24．unusual adj.不寻常的；异常的；与众不同的 25．usually adv.通常地，平常地 26．wave n．(热、光、声等的)波，波浪 v．挥手，挥动；波动 27．way n．道路，方法，途径 28．wealthy adj.富裕的

29．wedding n．婚礼，结婚，庆典 30．while conj.在……的时候，然而 n．一段时间

31．will n．意志，决心

32．wise adj.英明的，有见识的，有智慧的 33．wonderful adj.精彩的；奇妙的，极好的 34．worried adj.担忧的 高考链接

1．(2016·天津高考)With all she had been through in her ten years，this was the hour of true triumph(成功)．

2．(2016·江苏高考)It was a wise decision.While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together.3．(2015·重庆高考)In that case，eat before the flight，though an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping.4．(2014·北京高考)I was surprised and thought that she could do something in the comingtalent show.二、5年高考阅读理解高频障碍词汇

Group 1

1．abnormally adv.不正常地

2．absolute adj.完全的，全部的；绝对的；十足的，地道的 3．abundant adj.大量的，丰盛的，充裕的

4．accomplish v．完成(任务)，达到(目的)，实现(计划、诺言等)5．accumulate v．积累，积聚，增加 6．accuracy n．准确(性)，精确(程度)7．accuse v．控告；指责，指控

8．acknowledge v．承认(权威或主张)，告知(信件、礼物等)已收到 9．acquire v．获得，得到，学到 10．adapt v．使适应，使适合；改编

11．adequate adj.充分的，足够的；合格的；合乎需要的 12．adjustment n．调整，适应，调节；修正 13．admission n．准入；接纳；入场费；承认 14．adolescent n．青少年 adj.青春期的，青春的，青少年的 15．adopt v．收养，领养；采用，采取

16．adore v．(不用于进行时)热爱，敬慕，崇拜，钟爱，喜爱 17．adventure n．冒险；奇遇

18．advocate v．拥护，支持；提倡；鼓吹 n．鼓吹者，提倡者，拥护者，辩护人，律师 19．affection n．喜爱，钟爱，挚爱

20．agency n．代理机构，经销处，代理处，机构，(尤指政府内的)局，部，处 21．alcoholic adj.含酒精的 n．酒鬼，酗酒者

22．allergic adj.过敏的；厌恶的；过敏引起的 23．allocate v．拨给，划归，分配

24．alternative adj.可供替代的，两者择一的，供选择的；另类的，非传统的 n．可供选择的事物

25．ambition n．目标，野心，雄心，抱负，追求，夙愿 26．ambulance n．救护车 27．amount n．金额，数量 v．总计 高考链接

1．(2016·浙江高考)Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.2．(2015·广东高考)In recent years，however，young upper middle-class people in London，have begun to adopt some regional accents，in order to hide their class origins.3．(2015·江苏高考)One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.4．(2014·北京高考)The bear behaved abnormally，probably because of hunger.Group 2

1．ample adj.足够的；丰裕的，富裕的；宽敞的，面积大的 2．analyze v．分析 3．analysis n．分析；分解 4．ancient adj.古代的，古老的 5．anecdote n．逸事，趣闻 6．anniversary n．周年纪念日 7．annoyvt.(使)烦恼

8．annual adj.每年的，的，一年一次的

9．apparent adj.显而易见的，表面上的，貌似……的，明白的 10．appeal v．呼吁；恳求；上诉，申诉；有吸引力 n．吸引力；上诉，申诉；呼吁

11．applaud v．&n．鼓掌，赞许，赞赏，欢呼，向……鼓掌，向……喝彩，称赞，赞许 12．applicant n．申请人 13．application n．申请，应用

14．approve v．赞成，同意，批准，通过 15．approximately adv.近似地，大约 16．argue vi.争辩，争论 vt.主张，认为

17．argument n．争论，辩论

18．arise vi.起来，升起；出现，呈现，(由……而)引起，(由……)产生 19．arrange v．安排，布置

20．arrangement n．安排，布置，筹划 21．aspect n．方面，外观，外表 22．assess v．评价，评定(性质，质量)23．assessment n．看法，评价 24．assistance n．帮助，援助，支持

25．associate v．联想，联系；结交，交往；使联合，使有联系，把……和……联系在一起 n．合伙人，伙伴，同事 adj.非正式的；副的；联合的 26．association n．协会，社团；联系 27．assume v．假定，假设；承担；呈现 28．assumption n．假定，假设；担任 29．atmosphere n．大气；气氛，环境 30．attempt vt.试图，尝试 n．尝试，努力 高考链接

1．(2016·北京高考)The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me，re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation.4．(2015·浙江高考)You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text.5．(2015·四川高考)No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.Group 3

1．attraction n．吸引，爱慕，吸引力；具有吸引力的人或物 2．available adj.可获得的；可得到的；有空的；可用的 3．background n．背景 4．backward(s)adv.向后 5．ban n．禁令，禁止 v．禁止；取缔

6．bare adj.裸露的，光秃秃的，无遮蔽的，无掩护的，勉强的 v．露出，暴露

7．bargain n．(经讨价还价后)成交的商品；廉价货 v．讨价还价

8．bathe vi.洗澡；游泳 n．游泳

9．behalf n．利益；方面；代表，维护

10．behave v．守规矩，行为，表现；做出反应，发生作用；举止规矩有礼，检点 11．beneath prep.在……下方(面)，(指地位等)低于，次于 12．bid v．&n．出价，喊价；命令，吩咐；投标；向(某人)道别 n．喊价，出价；努力争取 13．biography n．传记 14．bless vt.祝福；保佑；赞美

15．block n．大块；(木、石等)块；街区；路障 vt.阻塞；阻挡

16．board n．木板；布告牌；委员会；(政府的)部 v．上(船、火车、飞机等)17．bonus n．奖金；红利；额外津贴 18．boom n．&v．繁荣；轰鸣；激增 n．隆隆声；(营业等的)激增；(经济等的)繁荣 19．botanical adj.植物学的 20．botany n．植物；植物学

21．bounce v．使弹起，蹦，上下晃动 n．弹跳，跳动 22．brake n．闸 vi.刹车

23．branch n．树枝；分枝；分公司，分店；分支部，分支机构，分局 24．brand n．品牌，商标 vt.打烙印于，加污名于

25．break v．打破(断，碎)；损坏，弄坏；打断；中断；摧毁；削弱；使破裂 n．休息；中断；间隔

26．breakthrough n．重大进展，突破 27．breathe vi.呼吸 高考链接

1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556－4183.2．(2016·上海高考)I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry，words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.4．(2014·重庆高考)We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.5．(2013·天津高考)They’d get back in the car breathless and energized，smelling fresh from the cold air.Group 4

1．brief adj.简洁的，简短的 2．broad adj.宽广的 3．broadcast vt.广播

4．brochure n．资料(或广告)手册 5．budget n．预算，预算费 v．做预算 adj.廉价的

6．buffet n．自助餐 vt.连续猛击

7．burst v．使爆裂，使破裂；突然发生 n．(感情等的)爆发，破裂，爆炸 8．bury vt.埋，葬；覆盖

9．button n．纽扣；(电铃等的)按钮 v．扣(纽扣)，用纽扣挂住

10．campaign n．运动，战役；参加；发起运动 11．cancel vt.取消，撤销

12．candidate n．候选人，申请人；应试者；被认定适合者 13．cartoon n．动画片，卡通

14．casual adj.偶然的，碰巧的；非正式的；临时的；不定期的 15．cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的 16．ceremony n．典礼，仪式；礼节 17．certificate n．证明，证明书；文凭

18．character n．特征，特性；性格；角色；人物；(汉)字，字体；品格 19．classify v．把……分类，把……归类 20．campaign n．运动；活动；战役 v．参加运动；参加竞选

21．complex adj.难以理解的，复杂的 n．建筑群；复合体

22．compulsory adj.强制的，必须做的，义务的 23．confirm v．确认，确定；证实，证明；批准 24．consult v．请教；查阅；商议；咨询

25．convey v．运输；传送；表达；传递(思想、感情等)26．convince v．使确信，使信服，劝服，说服 27．declare vt.宣言，声称，声明；断言 28．decline v．减少，下降，衰退；谢绝，婉拒 29．decorate vt.装饰，修饰

30．deliver vt.投递，传送(信件，邮包等)；发表，宣布，交付 高考链接

1．(2016·浙江高考)Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task，but she made it look effortless.2．(2016·天津高考)I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself，not with me.3．(2014·江西高考)The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or see each other without even leaving their homes.4．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Turin has started a campaign to make such documents，found in libraries and stores around the world，available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.5．(2014·四川高考)Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 percent can be classified as “early birds”—the other 70 percent are in the middle.Group 5 1．editor n．编辑

2．electric adj.电的；电动的

3．emergency n．紧急情况；突发事件 4．especially adv.特别，尤其 5．example n．例子；榜样 6．exchange n．交换，调换；交流 7．expand v．扩大，增加，扩展

8．explicit adj.明确的；清楚的；详述的；坦率的 9．explore v．探险，勘察，考察；探索，探究 10．explorer n．探险者 11．export n．&v．出口，输出

12．expose vt.揭露；露出，显露；使面临 13．express vt.表达；表示；表露 n．特快列车，特快专递

14．extension n．扩大；延伸；扩建；电话分机，分机号码 15．extraordinary adj.非凡的，异乎寻常的 16．fantasticadj.(口语)极好的，美妙的，很棒的 17．fare n．(车或船的)费用，票(价)18．fault n．缺点，毛病；错误 19．feast n．盛宴，宴会，(宗教的)节日 20．federal adj.联邦制的，联邦政府的 21．female adj.女的；女性的；雌性的 n．女人；雌性动物 22．fight n．打仗(架)，战斗 v．与……打架，与……作斗争

23．finance n．资金；财政；财务；金融 vt.为……筹集资金

24．fit adj.健康的；适合的；恰当的 v．(使)适合，合身；装进，可容纳

25．fix vt.使固定；修理；安装；确定，决定；安排 26．flash n．闪光；闪耀；(想法的)突现 v．使闪光；使闪现

27．flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的；灵活的，可变动的 28．fluent adj.流利的，流畅的 29．foggy adj.多雾的

30．follow vt.跟随；接着，沿着，顺着；听懂，理解；遵循；仿效；跟得上 高考链接

1．(2016·江苏高考)Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face，and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.2．(2016·浙江高考)This book explores the musical interest and needs of children in their daily lives.3．(2016·江苏高考)She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.4．(2015·四川高考)And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin’s chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料)．

5．(2015·北京高考)Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children.Group 6

1．forecast n．&vt.预告 2．fun n．乐趣；乐事；玩笑 3．furniture n．(总称)家具 4．glance vi.匆匆一看；一瞥；扫视 5．glare v．怒目而视 n．瞪眼；刺眼的强光

6．globe n．地球仪；地球；球体 7．glory n．光荣；荣誉；赞颂 8．graduate v．毕业 n．毕业生，研究生

9．grasp v．抓住；紧握；理解，领会 10．grocer n．零售商人；杂货店 11．guarantee n．保证；保证书；担保 v．保证；担保

12．guidance n．引导，指导 13．handle n．柄，把柄 v．处理；应付；拿，触 14．hardship n．困难

15．headline n．(报刊的)大字标题 16．hobby n．业余爱好，嗜好 17．holy adj.神圣的

18．identity n．同一性；一致；身份 19．idiom n．习语，成语 20．ignore v．忽视，不理 21．illegal adj.不合法的，非法的 22．immigration n．移民 23．incident n．事件；冲突 24．income n．收入；收益；所得

25．independent adj.独立的，自主的；有主见的 26．indicate v．表明，显示；象征；暗示；指示；指出 27．information n．信息 28．insert vt.插入 n．(书报或杂志的)插页 29．inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅

30．instant adj.立即的，立刻的；速食的，即食的 高考链接

1．(2016·天津高考)My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English.2．(2016·天津高考)Our Standard Courseguarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language，with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas—speaking，listening，reading and writing.3．(2016·北京高考)For previous generations，college was a decisive break from parental control；guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within.4．(2016·天津高考)The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply：alwayshandle the most difficult job first.5．(2016·北京高考)The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性)and the development of adult identity.6．(2016·四川高考)Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax.7．(2013·山东高考)But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.Group 7

1．institute n．(研究)所，院，学院 2．insure vt.确保；给……保险 3．intelligence n．智力；情报 4．interrupt v．打扰，打断 5．journalist n．记者，新闻工作者 6．justice n．正义；公正；司法 7．magic adj.有魔力的 n．魔法；魔力；魅力

8．mature adj.成熟的，成年人的；深思熟虑的，慎重的 9．measure v．测量，衡量，量度为 n．量度尺寸；措施

10．merchant adj.商业的；商人的 n．商人；生意人

11．minister n．部长；牧师 12．mineral n．矿物质，矿物

13．motivation n．动机；动力；积极性 14．nutrition n．营养

15．occupation n．职业，工作；消遣；占用 16．particular adj.特殊的，个别的 17．pedestrian n．步行者，行人 18．permanent adj.永久的，永恒的

19．plain adj.清楚的，明显的；普通的；朴素的；坦诚的 n．平原，旷野

20．policy n．政策，方针 21．precious adj.宝贵的，珍贵的 22．previous adj.先前的，以往的 23．primary adj.首要的；初级的

24．process n．过程，程序；步骤；方法；工艺流程，工序 v．处理，加工

25．professionn．职业，专业 26．profit n．利润，收益，益处 27．pronunciation n．发音 28．punctual adj.准时的

29．purchase v．&n.买，购买，采购

30．random adj.随意的，任意的，未经事先考虑的 高考链接

1．(2016·江苏高考)A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills，at least when compared with chimps.2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.3．(2016·浙江高考)Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge，it falls to the ground—and，in the process，it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用)．

4．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible.5．(2014·辽宁高考)Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees(雇员)and profits(利润)of over 2 million per year.6．(2013·北京高考)Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still，even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.Group 8

1．range n．范围；一系列；射程；山脉 v．变化；变动；排列，排序；徘徊；漫步 2．react v．起反应，有影响；反抗 3．reception n．接待，招待会 4．reform v．&n．改革，改进

5．refresh v．更新；使恢复精力；提醒；使想起 6．register n．登记簿 v．登记

7．relate vi.有关；涉及 8．represent vt.代表 9．reputation n．名声，名誉 10．resist v．抵抗；抵挡 11．standard n．&adj.标准(的)12．strike v．敲，打，撞，击；打动，感动；擦火柴；侵袭 n．罢工

13．studio n．工作室，演播室 14．survive v．幸存，存活，幸免于，比……活得长 15．target n．目标，对象，靶子 v．把……作为攻击目标，把……对准 16．tradition n．传统，风俗，惯例

17．trick n．诡计，骗局，恶作剧；戏法；诀窍 vt.欺骗，欺诈

18．typical adj.典型的，有代表性的 19．understanding n．领会；理解；谅解

20．urge v．敦促，催促，力劝；强烈主张；鼓励；促使 n．强烈欲望；冲动

21．vacant adj.空缺的，未被占用的；空闲的，茫然的 22．vain adj.自负的，自视过高的，徒劳的，无效的 23．value n．价值；重要性 vt.评价；重视；估价

24．violence n．暴力；猛烈，剧烈 25．visual adj.视觉的

26．vital adj.必不可少的，极其重要的；维持生命活动所必需的；充满活力的 27．weigh vt.称……的重量；权衡 28．welfare n．福利

29．withdraw v．撤回，撤离；收回；缩回；使退出；提取 30．witness v．&n．目击者，证人；目击，目睹，亲身经历 高考链接

1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)But when you share a story with your friends，you care a lot more how they react.2．(2016·江苏高考)There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children.3．(2016·江苏高考)The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty，surrounded by criminals and violence，had written a new chapter in the history of sports.4．(2015·浙江高考)The circle is divided into sections，and each section represents a fraction of the data.5．(2015·浙江高考)In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze(霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark.三、5年高考常考动词短语

1．add up to加起来是……；表示 add to增加；加入，加到 add...to...把……加到……上 add up加起来 add that...补充说……

2．can’t bear doing/to do sth.不能忍受做某事

can’t bear sb./sb.’s doing/to do sth.不能忍受某人做某事 bear a heavy burden肩负重担

bear responsibility/the blame承担责任/受责备 3．break out爆发 break in打断；破门而入 break into闯入；强行闯入 break away from脱离

break down(机器、车辆)出毛病；摧毁；分解 break through突破

break off折断；中断；突然停止 break up解散；破碎

4．bring up培养；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐 bring about引起；产生；导致；带来 bring sth.back归还；使想起某事

bring down带下，运下，搬下；使倒下；使倒台；使降低 bring in引入；赚(钱)5．call on拜访(某人)；号召 call at停靠；(短时间)访问 call for需要；要求；邀请；提倡 call in召集；召来

call up给……打电话；召集；使想起 6．come along跟着来；快点 come out出来；出版 come true实现

come back to life苏醒过来

come to the point说到要点，触及问题实质 come about发生，造成 come across偶遇

come to light为人所知，显露 come up走近；上升；被提出 come on快点；开始 come over过来

come up with提出；想出 7．come into use开始被使用

come into sight/view出现在眼前；映入眼帘 come into power/office就职，上台执政 come into existence开始存在；形成

come into effect/force/operation开始生效/执行/实施 8．cut down削减；砍倒 cut in插嘴；超车；插入 cut up切碎；抨击 cut out删除

cut through刺穿；抄近路走过 cut off切断；中断；使死亡 9．die out灭亡；逐渐消失 die away(声音、光线等)逐渐消失 die of/from因……而死 die down减弱；平息 die off相继死亡

be dying for很想要；渴望 be dying to do sth.极想做某事 10．come to an end结束 put/bring sth.to an end结束……

make(both)ends meet使收支相抵；量入为出 put an end to sth.结束/终结某事 11．fit in相适应

fit in with与……合得来；适应 fit sb.for sth.使某人胜任某事 12．get in touch with同……取得联系 get up起床 get back回来；取回 get on上车 get over克服；度过 get off下车 get together相聚

get on/along well with与……相处融洽 get into进入；陷入 get into trouble陷入麻烦 get in a word插话 get rid of摆脱；除掉

get through通过；接通(电话)；完成；度过，熬过 get to到达

get about/around/round传开，传出去 get across使理解 get away离开

get down to(doing)sth.开始认真做某事 get out离开；出版；泄露 get hold of抓住 13．give up放弃 give in屈服；投降 give out用完；耗尽 give away分发；捐赠；泄露 give off放出，散发出 give back归还；恢复

give way to给……让路；对……让步 14．go ahead继续；干吧 go by(时间)过去；经过(地点)go out(灯、火)熄灭

go on sth.以……为依据；根据……来判断 go on to do sth.接着做另外的事 go over检查；复习

go through通过；经历；仔细检查 go about开始着手；到处走动；传开 go against违背 go back回到；追溯 go for运用于，应用于 go in for参加；爱好 go with与……相配

go without没有……而勉强应付 go up上升，上涨 go down下降，下沉

15．help(sb.)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境；使(某人)脱离困境 help sb.with/to do sth.帮助某人某事/做某事 can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事 can’t help but do只得做；不得不做

help yourself(to sth.)随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)16．hold up举起；阻滞(交通等)；耽搁 hold back阻止；抑制

hold one’s breath憋住气，屏息 hold out坚持；拿出

17．keep on doing sth.继续/反复做某事 keep up坚持

keep up with跟上；与……保持联系 keep back保留；阻止；隐瞒 keep away from远离 keep out of使……不进入 keep one’s word遵守诺言 keep in touch with与……保持联系 keep silent保持沉默

keep/prevent/stop...from doing sth.制止(防止)……做某事 keep off使……远离

18．lead to导致；造成；通向…… lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事 lead/live a．..life过……的生活 lead...into...把……领进…… lead the way引路；带路

19．live on靠……生活，以……为主食 live through经历 live up to不辜负；履行 live with忍受，容忍 20．look up抬头；查阅 look out小心 look into调查 look forward to盼望 look through仔细看；浏览 look up to尊敬 look down upon瞧不起 look like看起来像 look on...as把……看作 look after照顾 look for寻找

look back回顾；回头看 21．make a dive for向……猛冲 make an apology to向……道歉 be made up of由……组成

make up组成；化妆，打扮；和解；编造 make up for弥补，补偿 make room for给……腾地方 make up one’s mind下决心 make use of利用 make one’s way前进 make progress取得进步 make repairs修理 make a promise许诺 make a living谋生 make the best of充分利用 make out认出；理解 make it成功；及时达到

22．perform the role of扮演……角色 perform a．..role in在……中起……作用 perform an operation进行手术

perform one’s duty/promise尽责任/履行承诺 23．pick out挑出；辨别出

pick up拾起，捡起；收拾；整理；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；身体好转 pick off摘除

24．prefer A to B 喜欢A而不喜欢B prefer doing A to doing B 宁愿做A而不愿做B prefer(sb.)to do sth.宁愿(某人)做某事 prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B 25．pull away离开；脱身；拉掉 pull down拆毁；摧毁

pull in(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠 pull out(of sth.)驶出；脱离，退出 pull through康复，痊愈

26．put away放好；把……收起来 put down记下；平息 put out扑灭；出版

put up举起；建造；张贴；投宿 put up with(＝stand/bear)忍受 put on穿上；上演；增加 put off延期，拖延

put through完成；接通(电话)put forward提出建议；拨快(钟等)put aside节省；储蓄；储存 27．rely on依靠，依赖；指望

rely on sb.to do sth.指望/相信某人做某事 rely on(doing)sth.依赖/信任/指望(做)某事 rely on it that...相信……；指望……

28．remind sb.of sth./sb.提醒某人某事/想起某人 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 remind(sb.)that/how/what...提醒(某人)…… 29．run out of...用完……；用尽…… run out用完

run across跑着穿过；偶然碰到 run after追逐；追求 run away跑掉；逃避 run into撞上；遇到

30．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通 make sense of理解；明白 make no sense没道理；没意义

31．set about doing sth.(＝set out to do sth.)开始做某事；着手做某事 set out出发；开始 set up建立；树立；设立 set sb.free释放某人

set fire to/set...on fire放火烧…… set an example to为……树立榜样 set down记下；放下；登记 set forward提出；促进 set off引爆；出发；动身 set aside搁置，把……放在一旁 32．settle down安顿下来；定居 settle down to do sth.开始认真对待做某事 settle in(使)适应(新环境)settle on决定；选定 that’s settled一言为定 33．show...in带或领……进来 show sb.into领某人进入 show sb.out领某人出去

show sb.around/round sp.领某人参观某地 show sb.to the door送某人到门口 show off炫耀；显示 show up出现

34．take up占用(时间、空间)；从事 take...out拿出去 take place发生 take the place of代替

take one’s place就座；代替某人的职位 take it easy别着急 take off脱掉；起飞；成功 take part in参加

take pride in以……而自豪 take away(from)(从)……拿走 take in欺骗；摄取

take on雇用；承担(责任)；呈现(品质、面貌)take over接管

35．turn up出现；开大(音量)；到达 turn against反对；背叛 turn on打开(电灯等)turn off关上(电灯等)turn down开小(音量)turn over翻转 turn in交出；上交 turn to求助于；翻到；转向 turn into变成 turn out结果是；生产 36．动词＋for account for解释，说明

answer for对……负责，担保…… allow for考虑到 ask for要求，请求 enter for报名参加 head for朝……行进 hunt for搜索，寻找 wait for等待，等候 37．动词＋to amount to总计

attend to处理；对付；照料 belong to属于

contribute to有助于，导致 see to照看；注意；负责

correspond to/with与……相符，与……一致 resign oneself to听从……，顺从…… relate to与……有联系，与……有关联 cater to迎合，满足

appeal to对……有吸引力；上诉；恳求 subscribe to订阅；赞成，同意 apply to申请，请求 38．动词＋out drop out退出；脱离；辍学 figure out想清楚，弄明白；计算出 fill out填写(表格等)sell out售完

wear out耗尽；使筋疲力尽；穿破 stand out出色，杰出 leave out省略；遗漏；忽略 39．动词＋with deal with对付，处理；涉及 do with处理 meet with偶遇 cope with应付，处理 40．动词＋on act on根据(建议、信息等)行事 count on依赖，依靠 decide on选定

depend on依赖，依靠，取决于 focus on集中于

insist on坚持要求，坚持认为 rely on指望，信赖 41．动词＋up clear up放晴；清理；整理；澄清；解决 tie up绑好 fasten up固定好 speak up大声说 blow up使充气；爆炸 save up储存；节省 tidy up收拾干净 speed up加速 lock up锁好 42．动词＋through pass through穿过，通过

come through(重病后)康复；(消息或信息)传来 43．动词＋mind change one’s mind改变主意

make up one’s mind下定决心；决定 bear/keep...in mind记住…… call/bring...to mind回忆起…… read one’s mind看出某人的心思 44．动词＋breath hold one’s breath屏住气；屏息 take a deep breath(＝breathe deeply)深呼吸 lose one’s breath喘不过气来

catch one’s breath喘口气；歇口气；恢复正常呼吸 45．动词＋difference make a difference有影响；起(重要)作用

make some/no difference(to...)(对……)有/没作用或影响 tell the difference(between...and...)辨别/区分(……与……)的不同 46．动词＋sb.＋of sth.cure sb.of sth.治好某人的病 accuse sb.of sth.指控某人某事 cheat sb.of sth.骗取某人某物 inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事 convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物 47．动词＋habit form the habit of/fall into the habit of/get into the habit of养成……的习惯 be in the habit of有……的习惯 get out of the habit of改掉……的习惯

四、5年高考常考熟词生义

1．absent adj.茫然的，恍惚的(熟义：adj.缺席的)She looked at the picture in an absent way.2．ache v．渴望(熟义：v.&n．疼痛)Having left for ages，he was aching for home.3．address vt.发表演说(熟义：n.地址；v.写地址)The president will address his speech at 3：00 pm.4．against prep.映衬(熟义：prep.逆着，反对；倚，靠；碰)The picture looks nice against the white wall.5．attend v．看护；治疗；陪同(熟义：v.出席；参加)The nurse attended to him day and night.6．availableadj.(人)有空的(熟义：adj.可得到的；可找到的)The professor is now available.7．blank adj.没表情的；空虚的；没兴趣的(熟义：adj.空白的；n.空白)The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look.8．blue adj.忧伤的(熟义：adj.&n．蓝色)His songs always make me feel blue.9．cloudy adj.不明朗的，不清晰的(熟义：adj.阴的，多云的)Who will take his place still remains cloudy.10．coach v．辅导，指导(熟义：n.教练)She coached me in playing football.11．count vt.有价值，重要(熟义：n.&v．计算，数)It is not how much you read but what you read that counts.12．course n．一道菜(熟义：n.课程；过程)The courses vary with seasons.13．cross adj.生气的(熟义：v.跨越，横穿；n.十字)Don’t be cross with him—after all，he is a child.14．desert v．抛弃，离弃(熟义：n.沙漠)He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.15．develop v．冲印(熟义：v.发展；开发；研制)Did you have the films developed? 16．disabled adj.有障碍的，失去功能的(熟义：adj.有残疾的，无能力的)One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)17．drive v．迫使某人(做不好的事)(熟义：v.驾驶)Hunger drove her to steal.18．divorce v．使分离；使脱离(熟义：v.与某人离婚)You can’t divorce science from ethical questions.19．draw v．获得，取得，推断出(熟义：v.画；拖；拉)What moral are we to draw from the story? 20．express n．快车(熟义：v.表达)Is there an express from Nanjing to Shanghai? 21．encourage v．促进，助长，刺激(熟义：vt.鼓励；激励)Good health encourages clear thinking.22．escape v．被忘掉；被忽视(熟义：v.逃跑；逃脱)The name escapes me for the moment.23．explode v．勃然大怒；大发雷霆(熟义：v.爆炸；爆裂)I’m about to explode！He broke his promise again.24．exploit v．利用(熟义：v.开发；开采；剥削)You must exploit every opportunity to learn English.25．fail v．不足；缺乏(熟义：v.失败)Last year the rain failed and many crops died.26．foreign adj.不熟悉的(熟义：adj.外国的；外交的)The subject is foreign to all of us.27．fresh adj.无经验的(熟义：adj.新鲜的)She is quite fresh to the work.28．gain v．(钟表)快(熟义：v.获得；赢得)Don’tworry.My watch gains.We still have time.29．ground n．理由(熟义：n.地面)He has strong grounds for more money.30．govern vt.影响；支配(熟义：v.管理；控制)The law of supply and demand governs the prices of goods.31．hit n．成功；红极一时的人或事(熟义：v.击中，打击)Tuhao is quite a hit of this year.32．illadj.&adv.坏的/地(熟义：adj.生病的)It’s no good speaking ill of others.33．interest n．利益；股份(熟义：n.兴趣)Our family has interests in the business.34．invite v．吸引(熟义：v.邀请)Don’t leave the window open—it’s inviting thieves to enter.35．inspire v．启发(熟义：v.激励；鼓舞)His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.36．jump n．&v．大幅度上涨(熟义：v.&n．跳跃)Last week the price of goods jumped.37．kid v．开玩笑；欺骗(熟义：n.小孩)Take it easy.I’m just kidding.38．kill v．消磨(时间)(熟义：v.杀掉；害死)That guy hangs around all day long，killing time.39．losevi.(钟表)慢(熟义：v.失去；丢掉)Please hurry！My watch loses 10 minutes.40．last adj.最不可能的(熟义：adj.最后的)He is the last man I want to see.41．mean adj.自私的，卑鄙的，吝啬的(熟义：v.意思是，意味着)It’s mean of you to eat up all the apples.42．note v．注意，指出，特别提到(熟义：n.笔记)I noted that her hands were dirty.43．openadj.(问题、议事等)未解决的(熟义：v.开；adj.开着的，打开的)They left the matter open.44．operate vi.起作用(熟义：vi.运转；操作；做手术)The medicine operated quickly.45．part v．分手；放弃；卖掉(熟义：n.部分；零件；角色)In order to raise money，he had to part with some of his most treasured possessions.46．pleasant adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的(熟义：adj.令人愉快的)He’s always been very pleasant to me.47．position n．立场；观点(熟义：n.位置；职位)What’s your position on the problem? 48．promise v．有……的希望；使……有可能(熟义：v.&n．许诺)The dark clouds promise rain.49．rate v．对……作出评价；被认为，被评价为(熟义：n.比率；速度)These potatoes rate among the best.50．read v．理解；领会(熟义：v.阅读)I didn’t read mother’s thoughts at that time.51．reflect v．沉思；思考(on/upon)(熟义：v.映出；反射)I need time to reflect on your offer.52．safe adj.谨慎的；小心的(熟义：adj.安全的)He is a safe man.You can count on him.53．say vt.假定；显示；表明(熟义：vt.说)Say that war breaks out，what will you do? 54．shoulder v．承担(熟义：n.肩膀)Young people should learn to shoulder the blame.55．spring v．跳，跃；突然出现(熟义：n.春天；泉水)Fast food restaurants are springing up all over the city.56．strength n．强项，优点，优势(熟义：n.力气)Maths is not my strength.57．walk n．行业(熟义：v.&n．行走；步行)This society welcomes people from all walks of life.58．wear vt.表露，流露，面带(熟义：vt.穿戴)The girl always wears a happy smile.59．weigh v．权衡；斟酌(熟义：v.称……的重量；重达)Please weigh the advantages and disadvantages of doing this！

五、5年高考写作经典句式

1．I am writing to tell you/express...我写信是想告诉你(您)……

I am writing to ask you to do me a favor/pay attention to...我写信是想请您帮助我/关注……

(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I’m writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation.(书信)(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m writing to express my regret at being unable to go to the bookstore with you next weekend，which I have promised.(电子邮件)(2013·重庆高考)I’m a student from Chongqing，China.I am writing to askyou to pay attention to the situation of Finless Porpoises.(求助信)2．with的复合结构

(2014·江苏高考)With English words getting popular in both media and daily life，a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them.(议论文)3．what...will be like……是什么样子

(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.(说明文)4．In the picture，we can see...从这幅图中，我们可以看出……

(2015·福建高考)In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.(图画作文)5．In Picture 1...while Picture 2 shows...在图一中，……然而图二却展示了……

(2013·江苏高考)In Picture 1，a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps，but in vain，while Picture 2 shows a couple happily planting trees.(图画作文)6．I think the picture is telling us that...我认为这幅图是在告诉我们……

(2013·北京高考)I think the picture is telling us that there is usually a difference between one’s dream and reality.(图画作文)7．使用现在分词短语作状语

(2016·北京高考)A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.(图画作文)8．使用不定式作状语

(2013·江西高考)In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise，our school organized a mountain-climbing on April 10.(记叙文)9．使用动名词作主语

(2016·江苏高考)On-line voting becomes increasingly popular，and many competitions get people involved in it.(议论文)10．借助“There is a famous saying that...”引用名言

(2013·四川高考)There is a famous saying that“Good habits lead to good endings.”，which shows the importance of habits.(说明文)11．主语＋feel＋it a great honor to do sth.对……来说，做……是一件荣耀的事情

(2013·天津高考)I am very glad and feel it a great honor to run for the vice president of the English club.(演讲稿)12．How is everything going on?近来一切进展如何？

(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)How is everything going on with you？(电子邮件)13．How I wish I．..我多么希望……(2013·山东高考)How I wish I would read and reply to your e-mail as soon as I received it.(电子邮件)14．It is universally acknowledged that...众所周知……

(2013·辽宁高考)It is universally acknowledged that the Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th of the eighth month of our Chinese lunar calendar.(说明文)15．I would really like to...because...我想……因为……

(2015·安徽高考)I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.(想象性作文)16．主语would like to invite sb.to...……想邀请某人去……

(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.(邀请信)17．There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……

(2013·四川高考)There is no doubt that a healthy everyday habit helps to build up our body.(说明文)

1．be about to...when...即将做……就在这时……

(2014·福建高考)I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.(议论文)2．使用限制性定语从句

(2014·江西高考)In addition，you should respect all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge.(发言稿)3．使用虚拟语气

(2015·安徽高考)If I could interview him，I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained.(想象性作文)4．Memories rushed to my mind when...当……时候，众多记忆蜂拥而至。

(2014·山东高考)Memories rushed to my mind when I saw this topic.(议论文)5．It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that...它展示了当今一个普遍现象：……

(2013·福建高考)It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents.(图画作文)6．The message conveyed here is clear：...这儿所传达出的信息十分清晰：……

(2013·江苏高考)The message conveyed here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.”(图画作文)7．It is more meaningful to do...做……更有意义

(2013·江苏高考)Instead of shouting empty slogans，it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.(图画作文)8．It occurred to sb.that...某人突然想到……

(2013·陕西高考)It occurred to me that I should give the rooms a thorough cleaning.(记叙文)9．使用副词作评注性状语，如amazingly(令人惊讶地)，obviously(明显地)，importantly(重要地)，happily(高兴地)，surprisingly(令人吃惊地)等。

(2015·广东高考)Amazingly，she earned respect from her students，all of whom later grew to be confident，considerate and well-behaved.(议论文)(2013·四川高考)Obviously，a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.(说明文)(2013·天津高考)More importantly，I am a person full of passion for a variety of things.(演讲稿)10．使用as引导的定语从句

(2016·天津高考)As scheduled，we participated in several instructive activities.(发言稿)(2013·四川高考)As we can see，cultivating a good habit is so important that I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit—keeping a learning diary every day.(说明文)11．I think I can be qualified for...for the following reasons.由于以下原因，我认为我能胜任……

(2013·天津高考)I think I can be qualified for the president for the following reasons.(演讲稿)12．使用非限制性定语从句

(2016·江苏高考)It makes no difference from ordinary voting events，in which candidates go around to seek supports.(议论文)(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)We’ll also spend some fun time together singing，dancing and playing games，which we hope will make them happy.(电子邮件)13．If you were me，you would...如果你是我，你会……

(2013·山东高考)I believe that if you were me，you wouldmake the same choice.(电子邮件)14．be interested in the announcement/advertisement/position of...posted/advertised on...对于登载在……上的通告/广告/职位感兴趣

(2012·新课标全国卷)I am interested in the announcement of the summer camp posted on the Internet.(申请信)15．If the situation remains the same，...如果形势依旧如此……

(2013·重庆高考)If the situation remains the same，within 10 years，Yangtze Finless Porpoises will become extinct forever.(求助信)16．keep quiet about...对……保持沉默

(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅱ)We want to give him a surprise，so please keep quiet about it.(邀请信)

1．使用what引导的主语从句

(2015·湖南高考)What impressed me most was that I failed in an English exam，feeling extremely upset and disappointed.(说明文)2．wish从句中使用虚拟语气

(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Besides，I wish there would not be too many students in a class.(应用文)3．so...that...如此……以至于……

(2016·北京高考)We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.(图画作文)(2014·山东高考)At the beginning，learning English seemed so difficult that I wanted to give up without even trying.(议论文)4．while连接两个并列句

(2013·福建高考)The son，well dressed，waves proudly in the middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in front rolls out the carpet，sweating.(图画作文)5．使用选择疑问句

(2013·江苏高考)Should we just pay lip service or take practical measures to protect the earth？The answer is definitely the latter.(图画作文)6．It is not so easy for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事不容易

(2013·北京高考)Everyone has his dream.However，it is not so easy for people to realizetheir dreams every time.(图画作文)7．使用过去分词短语作后置定语

(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.(书信)(2013·陕西高考)Firstly I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.(记叙文)8．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语

(2013·北京高考)Just the next morning，I found my mother not feeling well.(记叙文)9．时间名词作连词

(2013·北京高考)The moment my father came back home，my mother told him what had happened.(记叙文)10．使用现在分词短语作状语

(2015·北京高考)Looking at the figurines，we were all very excited.(记叙文)(2013·江西高考)All the way we were chatting，singing and laughing，enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery.(记叙文)11．使用独立主格结构

(2013·江西高考)Some falling behind，others would come and offer help.(记叙文)12．It was＋时间段＋before...多长时间后……

(2013·江西高考)It was about 2 hours before we all reached the top.(记叙文)13．not...until...直到……才……

(2013·安徽高考)If I ride a bike，I’ll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green.(说明文)14．主语＋regard it as one’s duty to do sth.把做某事当作某人的义务

(2013·安徽高考)Meanwhile，I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy.(说明文)15．使用最高级

(2016·四川高考)Summer vacation is the longest of the year...I think summer is certainly more fun than the other three seasons.I like summer best.(说明文)16．使用方式状语by doing sth.(2013·四川高考)We can start the habit by writing learning summary and recording something impressive and meaningful.(说明文)17．祈使句＋and＋陈述句

(2013·四川高考)Keep it in mind and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it.(说明文)(2013·北京高考)Another try，and they may gain what they dream of.(图画作文)18．no matter＋疑问词

(2015·福建高考)The moral of the story is：spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.(图画作文)(2013·辽宁高考)Usually，no matter how far away or how busy we are，we will try to come home for the celebration.(说明文)19．用such as列举事例

(2013·辽宁高考)In addition to these traditional activities，we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.(说明文)20．使用同位语解释说明前面的名词

(2016·北京高考)As for my favorite figure in Chinese history it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.(说明文)21．be＋形容词＋enough to do sth.足够……能做某事

(2013·天津高考)If I am lucky enough to be elected，I will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club.(演讲稿)22．使用插入语I am sure，I think等

(2013·天津高考)I will organize various activities in our university，such as holding lectures and English parties，which，I am sure，will be beneficial to improving students’ English.(演讲稿)23．使用so that引导的结果状语从句

(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books.(电子邮件)24．It is likely that...有可能……

(2013·山东高考)It is likely that I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant.(电子邮件)25．not...but...不是……而是……

(2016·江苏高考)To be honest，voters sometimes feel annoyed，not because they hate voting，but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.(议论文)(2016·江苏高考)Voting of this kind does not depend on the strong points of the competitors，but rather on how many social-networking resources they have.(议论文)26．多种时态的综合运用

(2012·新课标全国卷)I’ve been learning English for 10 years，and I speak fluent English.(申请信)27．on one’s doing...一……就……

(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅱ)On his arriving，we will light the candles and sing “Happy Birthday” together for him.(邀请信)28．as soon as possible尽可能快地

(2013·重庆高考)Besides，sewage emissions should be reduced as soon as possible.(求助信)29．It is another effective way to do sth.做……是另外一种有效方式。

(2013·重庆高考)What’s more，it is another effective way to appeal to the news media along the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River for a joint interview to publicize the importance of porpoise conservation.(求助信)30．Would you please do...您能否做……

(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States？(约稿信)(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is his first visit to the U．S.？(求助信)

1．so long as只要

(2014·山东高考)So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up，we are bound to achieve success.(议论文)2．not only...but also...的倒装句

(2015·广东高考)As for its functions，not onlycan the technique be used to predict major diseases，but it also enables people to foresee the examinees’ food preference.(说明文)(2014·广东高考)As far as I am concerned，not only will her generosity help those in need realize their dreams and rebuild faith in life，but also it will motivate more people to participate in such a good deed.(议论文)3．in a word总之

(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)In a word，my life will be much richer and more colorful.(说明文)(2014·山东高考)In a word，not only does the proverb enable me to face up to the difficulties bravely，but also it contributes much to keeping confident all the time.(议论文)4．encourage/inspire sb.to do sth.instead of doing sth.鼓励/激励某人做……而不是做……

(2013·福建高考)Parents should encourage their children to overcome difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves instead of doing everything for them.(图画作文)5．only in this way引起的倒装句

(2013·福建高考)Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.(图画作文)6．“only＋状语从句”引起的倒装句

(2013·江苏高考)Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.(图画作文)7．as far as...is concerned就……而言

(2013·北京高考)As far as I am concerned，people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on

第三篇：历年高考完形填空常用词汇总结

高考完形填空常考词汇总结

高频辨析词语 动词类： 1“看”

look看的动作/ see看的结果;watch观察/observe为了研究进行的观察;notice注意

catch sight of看见

stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看

glance瞅见/glimpse瞥见see a film watch TV 2“说” tell sth to sb.=tell sb sth告诉的内容

talk with sb about sth强调说话者之间的交流

say sth诉说的内容

speak in English说的语言 whisper sth to sb 耳语

inform sb of sth 通知某人某事

reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事

bargain讨价还价

chat聊天

repeat重复

explain解释

warn警告 remind提醒 discuss 讨论debate辩论

figure 指出declare宣布 claim自称 mention 提起

admit 承认deny 否绝 describe描述 announce 公布 introduce 介绍complain抱怨

3“叫” cry哭叫

call叫

shout大喊

scream尖叫

moan呻吟

sigh叹气 quarrel大吵

4“问” ask 询问 interview 采访 express表达

question审问 5“答” answer回答

respond回应(用其他方式回应)reply回复

“听” listen to听的动作

hear听的结果

pick up收听

overhear无意听到

7“写” dictate听写

write sth 写 describe描写

drop a line 写信 draw画

take down/write down写下，记下

8“拿/放” take拿走

bring拿来

hold举着

carry扛，挑（无方向性）fetch拿来拿去

lift举

put放 lay 铺/放置

pull拉/push推

9“抓”

take hold of 抓着 seize紧抓

grasp 握住

scratch 抠

10“打” hit一次性的打击

beat不间断的打击

strike突然的击打/突然想到

blow吹刮

attack攻击

11“扔” throw扔

drop掉 放弃 错过 fall 倒下无意掉下来 wave 招手 shake摇 12“送” send寄送

deliver递送

give给

offer 主动给予 see off给某人送行 13“摸/抱” touch摸 /fold折叠

/embrace拥抱 / hug抱/hold 握

in one’s arms 14“踢/碰” kick踢/knock敲/ tip 轻敲

15“行” walk run climb jump skip 单腿跳 slip溜 come/go enter进入

move搬迁 drive开车 ride 骑fly

crawl 匍匐前进

16“坐” sit down be seated seat oneself take a seat/ stand站，耸立/ lean斜靠

17“睡/休息” lie /on one’s back/ on one side/ on one’s stomach stay in bed have a rest

take a nap打盹

be asleep bend turn over翻身

rest

18“笑” smile 微笑（不出声）

laugh burst into laughter burst out laughing

19“哭” cry shed tears 留泪

weep呜咽地哭

sob抽泣

burst into tears /burst out crying 20“找/查” find找到

look for正在找过程

find out查明

discover/explore 发现/探索

hunt for search for seek / seek for

in search of寻找

Search sb 搜身

search sp.for sth 为某物而搜寻某地

check检查，核实

examine 考察发现问题/体检

test检测，检验

inspect视察

21“穿”

put on 动作 wear穿戴 have on试穿

be dressed in 穿的状态 make-up化装

get changed换衣服

be in red

Take off 脱 remove 去除

22“吃/喝” eat/drink sip吮吸

have a meal have supper toast taste

treat sb to请某人吃

help oneself to 随便吃

23“得” get obtain acquire获得知识和技能

gain possess

24“失” lose 丢了 be lost /be missing人错过失踪，不见

gone不见（物）great loss

die

die off相继死去

die away 逐渐消失

25“有” have

有

own是自己的conquer征服

occupy占有=possess

26“无” nothing left

the remaining thing

disappear

be missing /gone 27“增/减”

rise / go up /drop

人主动抬价

raise /bring down /reduce increase/decrease 28“买/卖” buy purchase afford pay

pay off pay for sell on sale bargain

Bill /

cheque /

cash/ credit card notes/ coins discounts 29“存在/消失”come into being exist appear survive

live show turn up

Disappear die

die out

pass away be out of sight 30“变化” develop improve become grow

go+ bad /wrong/ sour /without（negative adj.）turn + colour change /change into

reform

31“认识的过程”feel sense guess suppose wonder doubt know /learn realize Understand

remember

be familiar with

recall recite apply to

32“成功/失败”make it succeed in doing make progress come true realize one’s dream win

lose

fail to do

failure defeat suffer loss beat turn sth.into reality manage to do 33“努力” try

make efforts attempt do ones best do as much as one can to do

34祝贺

congratulations on sb celebrate observe 庆祝 get together 聚会 35赞美/批评 praise think highly of /

blame sb for sth/ sb is to blame

criticize /scold sb.for sth.have a low opinion of sb

speak ill of

36喜/恶

like love be fond of be keen on be crazy about adore be into prefer enjoy

in favor of

dislike

hate be awful/disgusting

ignore turn off 37判断

think believe consider find feel conclude infer doubt

38到达 arrive at

reach

return to

get to

stay in sp

visit

leave leave for

on one’s way to

upon one’s arrival on doing sth

39受伤 hurt injured wound cut kill drown bleed get burnt suffer from

suffer a loss 40损坏 damage destroy ruin break down

be broken crash 41修复

repair rebuild restore fix

recover oneself

42支持/反对 agree disagree accept receive

refuse turn down

be against elect

vote for/ against 43 做饭

cook wash cut chop boil fry steam make mix clean brush cover uncover cooker

建议 advise suggest recommend urge propose demand

persuade 说服 45 花费

sth/doing sth+cost

sb+spend+ in doing sth

Sb+afford +n/to do sth

It +take some time/ money/energy +to do sth

sb+ pay+$ for sth.at one’s expense 46 省/存钱

save /save up set aside put away

spare no effort/ time

参加

take part in

join /join in

attend compete in/ for/against 48控告 accuse sb.of

charge sb.with

救治 help /help out

save /rescue sb from sth.Treat过程 / cure 结果sb.of sth

aid sb in doing sth / to do sth help sb with sth assist sb in doing sth

50敬佩 admire respect show respect for/to adore envy /be jealousy in honor of 51逃避

ran away

escape from

flee hide

阻止/禁止 prevent / keep/ stop sb.From doing sth

forbid doing sth.Ban prohibit 53 对付/处理 handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth

solve settle 54 效仿

copy imitate learn from learn

爆发/发生

come about happen to take place break out burst out go off explosion

occur to

when it comes to

55安装/装备

fasten fix set equip

be armed with 用什么武装

be equipped with装备有

equipment(un.)56 追求 pursuit ran after seek after chase catch up with赶上

keep up with跟上 57 想/考虑 think of 考虑/+as把什么看成 think about想起

consider

think over仔细考虑

be concerned 担心

be considerate towards sb.58 打算

plan / intend / design to do be going to do /be about to do /will do 59 似乎/好象

seem appear look like as if as though

开办/关闭 open start set up close/close up end close down

名词类

1假期vacation holiday spring break ask for leave be on holiday have two days off 2旅游 trip journey tour voyage travel tourist passenger go camping/picnicking/hiking 3职务人员 clerk secretary passer-by friend minister manager waitress guest host hostess

Assistant customer adult neighbor relative patient /vet staff crew nurse teacher

Conductor

tailor sailor inventor gardener guard

4餐馆/定餐/就餐 inn restaurant kitchen menu bill order tip fork and knife reserve /book table

Taste delicious salad dash vegetables fruit tray napkin

5诊所/看病/服药 clinic hospital take one’s temperature take medicine/pills have a fever/flu/headache doctor physician surgeon specialist patient 6车站/机场

airport on board miss the train/bus catch a train meet sb.7身体部位

arm head hair brain waist back shoulder pulse wrist 8意志

will courage patience determination faith effort confidence ambition energy 9才能/品质

talent gift ability potential intelligent promising smart stupid careful proud

Strict honest cold serious easy-going learned knowledgeable 10优缺点 advantage disadvantage strength weakness 11目标

aim goal intention purpose belief faith 12方式 means method way manner approach 13身体素质 strong weak pale sick ill be well keep slim/ fit cut weight/put on weight

14图表 photo picture graph drawing table line/bar graph pie chart draw a sketch 划草图 15文章 reading translation essay poem paper novel/fiction article magazine newspaper journal

日志 diary日记

files

form make a list of 16课堂class course lecture example reason message notes words phrase scholarship degree

Subject question trouble difficulty grades read comment marks 17 学校活动 match game activity hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony 18建议/观点 advice suggestion idea proposal view recommandation 19气候/天气 climate weather storm windy cloudy rainy snow hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth

20交通

by train/bus /boat bike on the train/bus /a bike drive a car ride a bike

give sb.a lift/ride 21习惯 habit custom get used to regular有规律的（形容词）

practice惯例（名词）22感觉

sight hearing touch smell sense

23情感

feeling emotion anger

delight sadness sorrow 财富 money possessions wealth belongings fortunes treasure diamond be rich/well-off 25 运动比赛 on the playground

on the track and filed pitch event game match sports player

Coach judge jogging weightlifting play volleyball/soccer/ 26衣服

clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 27事件

incident, accident

incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故

形容词类——人的各种感受

乐happy delighted to one’s joy pleased amused 悲 sad unhappy painful bitter平静 calm quiet silent/still peaceful 烦bother bored be fed up with

震惊 surprised astonished shocked /amazed

怕

in fear be frightened /scared /afraid 失望desperate disappointed hopeless be depressed 满意be satisfied with /be content to do

生气 Annoyed angry disgusting burst into rage

表程度的副词类

narrowly/ Nearly/ almost

hardly/ hard

extremely/ very

very/ quite

Accidently/ once in a while

occasionaly/ once

far / by far Farther/ further

better/ worse be well/ good however/ therefore/so/thus 易考的近义词组 run/ manage

grow/ plant

leave/remain

fit/ suit/ match

hit/ beat/strike

meet/ satisfy

touch /feel

play /performer Contain/ hold /seat/ fill

lie/sit/locate

help/work/ do Fall/ sink/ drop

matter/ problem /trouble/

money/ account cause/ reason

that’s why/ that’s because

because/ since/as/ for Last/ continue

keep/ stay/

treat/ cure/ operate

separate/ divide Stand/ bear/tolerate/hold/put up with turn/become/go

change/vary/range provide/supply/offer/ give/send

高频词组

With the help of 在～～帮助下

under the leadership / care of 在～～领导/

at the top of 在～～顶上

at/on the edge of 在～～边上 关心下

be strict with sb.对～人要求严格

be strict in sth.对～事要求严格

at present=at the present time 目前

for the present 暂时

in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下

under the sun 在世界上

lie in 位于～～之内

lie on 同～～接壤

lie to 位于～～之外

at least 至少

in the least 丝毫，一点

by name 名叫

in the name of 以～～名义

in the air 空中，在流传

on the air 播出

in the way 挡路，障碍，用～～方法

In a way 在某点上，在某种程度上

get one’s own way to do 随心所欲

give way 让步，屈服

ose one’s way 迷路

by the way 顺便说一下

on one’s way to 在去～～的路上

Come this way 这边走

at the corner 在拐角处(外角)

in the corner 在角落里(内角)

on the corner 在角落上(外角上)

judge by / from 根据～～来判断

judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断

at the end(of)在～～结束时

at the beginning of 在～～开始时

at the back of 在～～背后，支持

at the age of ～～岁时

at the foot of 在～～脚下

at the bottom of 在～～底部

in the course of 在～～过程中

in the eyes of 从～～观点看来，在～～眼里

in the face of 面对～，尽管，纵使

in the middle of 在～中间

in the end =at last=finally 最后

on the eve of 在～～前夕

on the side of 在～～一边

after a time = after some time 过一段时间后

for a time = for some time 一时，有一段时间

behind time 迟到，过期

behind the times 落在时代后面

at no time 决不

in no time 立即，马上

at one time = once time 曾经

at a time = each time 每次

at times = sometimes 有时

at all times 经常，一直，始终

at the same time 同时

at the time 在～～的时候

by the time 到～～的时候

for a moment 一会儿

for the moment 暂时

at the moment 当时

the moment /minute /instance 正当～～一刹那

once or twice 一两次

more than once 不止一次

once more 重新，又

once upon a time 从前

once in a while 偶尔 高频单词

1.occasion 场合

2.situation 情况，处境 3.take over 接管 4.exchange 交换 5.command 命令 6.confirm 证实 7.cultivate 培养

8.prosperously 繁荣的 9.suspect 怀疑

10.relatively 相对的，比较的 11.acknowledge 承认，鸣谢 12.ambition 抱负，野心 13.quality 质量，品质 14.protection 保护 15.equally平等地 16.promise 承诺 17.clearly 清楚地 18.grateful 感激的 19.remove 移开 20.force 强迫 21.apologize 道歉

22.terrible 可怕的，糟糕的 23.stubborn 固执的

24.actively 积极地，主动地 25.spiritual 精神的，心灵的 26.magical 魔力的 27.willingly 愿意地 28.strengthen 加强 29.image 形象

30.complexity 复杂 31.cautious 小心的

32.manage 管理，成功做成 33.prejudice 偏见

34.economic 经济的，合算的35.academic 学术的 36.control 控制

37.adopt 收养，采取

38.consume 消费，消耗 39.unique 独一无二的 40.beneficial 有益的

41.varied 多变的，各种各样的 42.demanding 要求高的 43.appropriate 合理的 44.entertainment 娱乐 45.deliberately 故意地 46.purchase 购买 47.tough 艰难的 48.bright 明亮的

49.remain 留下，保持 50.terrify 使害怕

51.disappointing 令人失望的 52.formal 正式的 53.desire 愿望

54.share 分享，共有 55.fulfill 履行（诺言），执行（命令）56.admit 承认 57.evident 明显的

58.consequently 因此，所以 59.accustomed习惯的 60.accumulate 积累 61.participate 参加 62.absence 缺席 63.presence 出席 64.bravery 勇敢 65.horror 恐惧 66.spotless 无暇的 67.fundamental 基础的 68.employment 就业，雇用 69.involve 包含，使参与 70.actually 事实上 71.harmony 和谐 72.basically 基本的 73.inspire 激发，鼓舞 74.imitate 模仿 75.awful 糟糕的

76.generous 慷慨的，大方的 77.wealthy 富有的 78.function 功能 79.stressful 有压力的 80.persistent 坚持不懈的

81.reluctant 勉强的，不愿意的 82.diligent 勤奋的

83.attentive 注意的，周到的 84.unbearable 不能忍受的 85.accommodation 住所 86.attractive 有吸引力的 87.constant 连续的

88.brilliant 杰出的，才华横溢的89.clumsy 笨拙的 90.declare 宣布，声明 91.obtain 获得

92.interactive 相互的，互动的 93.incident 事件 94.adventure 冒险 95.in particular 尤其 96.in reality 事实上 97.emphasize 强调 98.overlook 忽视 99.deny 否认 100.ensure 确保 101.financial 金融 102.budget 预算

103.on the whole 整体上 104.potential 潜在的，潜能 105.on the contrary 相反 106.loyalty 忠实 107.assume 假设 108.establish 建设 109.flexible 灵活的 110.sensitive 敏感的 111.essential 必不可少的 112.unfair 不公平的 113.expectation 期待

114.impression 印象

115.examination 考试，检查 116.contribution 贡献 117.certainty 肯定

118.confuse 使迷惑，使混淆 119.trap 陷阱，困住 120.secondary 次要的 121.turn up 出现 122.show off 炫耀 123.break in 闯进

124.settle down 定居，安定下来 125.relief 安慰，减轻 126.justice 公正

127.previous 先前的，早先的 128.instantly 立即地

129.regularly 规则地，规律地 130.occasionally 偶尔地 131.independence 独立 132.keep up with 跟上 133.catch up with 追赶上 134.come up with 想出 135.put up with 忍受 136.guarantee 保证

137.convince 使确信，说服 138.atmosphere 气氛 139.sympathy 同情 140.punish 惩罚

141.puzzled 感到迷惑的 142.scared 害怕的

143.embarrassed 尴尬的 144.reaction 反应 145.forgiveness 原谅

146.imaginary 想象力丰富的 147.be filled with 充满

148.be pleased with 对......感到满意149.be crowded with 挤满

150.be equipped with 配备有......151.possession 财产

152.precious 珍贵的

153.appreciate 欣赏，感激 154.admire 钦佩 155.wander 闲逛

156.get rid of 消除，摆脱 157.particularly 尤其，特别 158.purpose 目的，意图 159.courage 勇气

160.determination 决心 161.roll 滚 162.drop 掉下

163.undoubtedly 毫无疑问地 164.temporarily 暂时地 165.thankfully 幸运地 166.lean against 靠着 167.challenge 挑战 168.fierce 激烈的

169.practical 实际的，实用的 170.straight 直接的 171.delighted 高兴的 172.congratulate 祝贺 173.faint 头晕的 174.consult 咨询 175.messy 乱的

176.review 复习，评论 177.curious 好奇的 178.graduation 毕业 179.honor 荣耀

180.comfortable 舒服的，舒适的 181.tiresome 令人生厌的，无聊的182.set up 建立

183.hold up 举起，支撑 184.pick up 拾起，学会，接 185.possess 拥有 186.crowded 拥挤的 187.march 行军，前进 188.apartment 公寓 189.frightened 害怕的

190.turn out 结果是，证明是 191.figure out 算出，想出 192.anxious 焦虑的 193.hunt 寻找，打猎

194.amused 愉快的，顽皮的 195.optimistic 乐观的

196.demonstrate 证明，演示，显示 197.realize 意识到

198.meaningful 有意义的 199.faithful 忠实的，忠诚的 200.grasp 抓住，理解 201.decorate 装饰 202.pressure 压力 203.obvious 明显的 204.predict 预测 205.audience 观众 206.contain 包含 207.gesture 姿势 208.pioneer 先锋 209.afford 支付得起 210.affair 事情

211.dependent 依赖的 212.properly 合理地 213.sincerely 真诚地 214.severely 严厉地 215.guidance 指导

216.appearance 出现，外貌 217.astonishment 惊讶 218.sharpen 使锋利 219.comment 评论 220.privately 私人地 221.frequently 频繁地

222.physical 身体的，物理的 223.donate 捐赠

224.manufacture 制造，制造业 225.original 原始的，起初的 226.effective 有效的 227.object 反对 228.typical 典型的 229.possibility 可能性

230.accidentally 意外地，偶然地 231.immediately 立刻 232.concern 关心，担心 233.concentrate 集中 234.tragedy 悲剧 235.neglect 忽视

236.approach 接近，途径，方法 237.disturbance 打扰 238.arrest 逮捕 239.restore 恢复

240.available 可得到的，可利用的 241.accompany 陪伴

242.characteristic 特征，特性 243.automatic 自动的 244.approve 批准，同意 245.roughly 粗略地 246.indicate 暗示 247.hesitation 犹豫 248.attach 系着，附着

249.plain平的，朴素的，简单的 250.mercy 怜悯 251.sample 样本

252.considerable 相当大的，值得考虑的253.enthusiasm 热情 254.confirm 证实 255.phenomenon 现象 256.modify 修改 257.annual 每年的

258.isolation 隔离，孤立 259.ceremony 典礼，仪式 260.acceptable 可接受的 261.eventually 最后 262.target 目标 263.expose 暴露

264.absolutely 绝对地

265.negative 消极的，否定的

266.steady 稳定的

267.consistently 一贯地，一致地 268.permanent 永久的

269.professional 职业的，专业的 270.dismiss 解雇

271.countless 数不尽的 272.thoroughly 彻底地 273.standard 标准 274.tolerate 忍受

275.memorable 值得纪念的 276.leave for 离开去到 277.adapt 适应，改编 278.somehow 不知怎么地 279.somewhat 稍微，有点 280.acquire 获得 281.occupy 占据 282.accompany 陪伴 283.urgent 紧急的 284.technology 技术 285.giant 巨大的

286.invisible 看不见的 287.evaluation 评估 288.magnificent 壮丽的 289.inefficient 效率低的 290.nonsense 废话，荒谬的 291.preserve 保护，保存 292.career 事业

293.profession 职业，专业 294.exhausted 筋疲力尽的 295.crash 撞碎，坠毁 296.suspicious 怀疑的 297.requirement 要求

298.athletic 运动的，运动员的 299.prohibit 禁止，阻止

300.depressed 沮丧的，萧条的 301.instruction 教导，说明 302.slightly 轻微地

303.meaningful 有意义的 304.principle 原则

305.undeserved 不应得的 306.betray 背叛

307.moderate 中等的，适度的 308.evaluate 评价，估价 309.honorable 值得尊敬的 310.artificial 人造的 311.concept 概念 312.symbolize 象征 313.promising 有前途的 314.conflict 冲突

315.display 显示，陈列

316.definitely 明确地，肯定地 317.interrupt 打断 318.recall 回想起 319.recite 背诵 320.resist 抵制

321.desperate 绝望的 322.elegant 优雅的 323.attempt 试图 324.random 随机的

325.profitable 有利可图的 326.treasure 珍惜，宝藏 327.poisonous 有毒的 328.dilemma 窘境 329.correctly 正确地 330.system 系统

331.complicated 复杂的

332.application 申请，应用程序 333.simple 简单的

334.recognize 认出，认可 335.cruel 残忍的

336.comfortable 舒服的，舒适的337.feared 害怕的 338.replace 代替 339.method 方法 340.seize 抓住

341.misunderstand 误解

342.mistake 错误，弄错 343.imply 暗示 344.disease 疾病

345.repay 偿还，报答 346.describe 描述 347.contract 合同

348.promote 促进，提升 349.sacrifice 牺牲

350.generally 一般来说 351.trouble 麻烦 352.pleased 满意的

353.certainly 肯定地，当然 354.national 国家的，民族的 355.cultural 文化的 356.entrance 入口

357.annoying 令人恼怒的 358.polite 有礼貌的

359.unconscious 无意识的 360.patient 有耐心的 361.theory 理论

362.classification 分类 363.smart 聪明的 364.mature 成熟的 365.average平均

366.creative 有创造力的 367.graduate 毕业，毕业生 368.program 节目

369.intelligent 智能的，聪明的 370.competent 有能力的 371.independent 独立的

372.separate 单独的，分开的 373.voluntarily 自愿地 374.doubt 怀疑

375.reflection 反射，沉思，映象 376.conclusion 结论 377.adult 成年人

378.talented 有天赋的 379.outstanding 出色的 380.expression 表达，表情 381.check 检查

382.attend 参加，照料 383.be aware of 意识到 384.be fond of 喜欢 385.be worthy of 值得 386.expect 期待，预计 387.decision 决定 388.style 风格 389.pretend 假装 390.explain 解释

391.cause 原因，事业 392.perform 表演，执行 393.probably 可能地 394.struggle 挣扎，奋斗 395.completely 完全地 396.wonder 想知道

397.experience 经验，经历 398.fail 失败 399.develop 发展

400.responsible 有责任的 401.valuable 有价值的，贵重的

402.ability 能力 403.affect 影响 404.destroy 毁坏 405.confident 自信的 406.request 要求

407.traditional 传统的 408.modern 现代的 409.relationship 关系 410.cooperation 合作 411.distinguish 区分 412.identify 鉴定，识别 413.thought 想法，思想

414.discourage 使气馁，使沮丧415.prepare 准备

416.observe 观察，遵守 417.energy 精力 418.nervous 紧张的 419.proud 自豪的

第四篇：2019高考英语必背

1.感谢信

假设你是李华，梁教授去年六月推荐你去悉尼大学深造，现在你已经被悉尼大学化学学院录取，请写封信向梁教授表示感谢。【优秀满分范文】

Dear Professor Liang, I am writing to extend my gratitude to you because with your help I am now a student of Chemistry Department of Sydney University.Last June, when I applied to become a graduate student of Sydney University, you really gave me a lot of valuable help.You not only wrote a recommendation（推荐）for me to Professor Wells who works in the Sydney University but also gave me careful and patient instructions on how to fill the application forms and write the application letters.It is your unreserved(无保留的）help that enables me to obtain this splendid（极好的）opportunity of further education.For the following two years I will study hard to reciprocate（回报）your sincere help and expectations with excellent grades.Yours truly, Zhang Ying

2.道歉信

假设你是李华，因弟弟生病住院，你不能参加你好友下星期四晚的生日晚会，请写一封道歉信解释原因，并祝福他生日快乐。【优秀满分范文】 Dear Sarah, I am terribly sorry to tell you that I am unable to attend your birthday party next Thursday evening.That is owing to（因为）the fact that（同位语从句）my younger brother suddenly fell ill and was taken to a hospital this morning.I have to go there immediately and take care of him.As told by the doctor in charge, it will take around five days for him to recover and I have asked my boss for a leave.I really regret that I cannot go to celebrate your birthday personally and would miss the perfect chance of enjoying myself with all our old friends.I have chosen a small gift for you and will send it to you tomorrow to show my best wishes.Besides, please give my regards to our friends when you meet them at the party.Cordially,（sincerely）

Li Hua

3.申请信

假定你是李华，将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业。你从报纸上得知B B公司要招聘一名英文秘书，你很感兴趣，要写一封求职信，包括下列要点： 1．年龄：18．

2.学习情况：班级前5，英语口语好 3．兴趣和特长：打字快，喜欢阅读，听音乐 4．性格特点：积极向上 注意：1．词数100左右；

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2．可适当增加细节，以使行为连贯；

3．开头语和结束语己为你写好。【优秀满分范文】 Dear Sir/ Madam, I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary.I’m really interested in this position so I am writing to apply for it.I’m18 years old and will graduate from Xinxing Foreign Languages School this July.I’m an excellent student, among the top 5 in my class of 50 students.I’m good at English, especially spoken English.I often use the computer and I type very fast.In my spare time, I read a lot.Poems are my favorite.I enjoy music very much too.Being an active young person, I like sports and outdoor activities.Besides, I’m easy to get along with and I like to make friends.I hope I may be granted（授予）an interview, when I can explain my qualifications（资格，条件）more fully.I am looking forward to your reply.Sincerely/Yours，LiHua

4.通知

假如你是校学生会主席。新年即将到来，为了帮助你校的外国留学生更好地了解中国文化，学生会将为他们举办一个新年晚会。请你根据以下提示，用英语向他们发出口头通知。时间：下周五6：00—8：00 地点：教学楼101室

内容：1．唱中国歌 2．比赛用筷子 3．学习包饺子

注意：1．词数不少于50；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数【优秀满分范文】

Good afternoon, everyone.May I have your attention, please? I’m the chairman of the Students’ Union.As the New Year is around the corner（即将到来）, we are going to hold a New Year party for you, which is intended to enable you to have a better understanding of Chinese culture.During the party, not only can you sing a Chinese song, but you will also compete with each other to see how skilled you are at using chopsticks.What’s more, you’ll learn at the party how to make dumplings.Sounds great.doesn’t it? The party is scheduled（计划于）in Room 101of the Teaching Building from 6:00 p.m.to 8:00 p.m.next Friday.Please make sure you won’t miss it.Thank you for your attention.5.邀请信

你们班同学打算周六去爬香山。请给外教Chris写一封英文信，邀请他参加此次活动。具体内容如下： 1.时间：8am—5 pm； 2.集合地点：校门口； 3.交通工具：公交车；

4.携带物品：雨具，午餐，相机。注意：1.词数不少于50；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

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3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。【优秀满分范文】 Dear Chris，I’m writing to tell you that we intend to climb the Fragrant Hill this Saturday and I sincerely invite you to go with us on behalf of our class.We are supposed to gather at the school gate and set out at 8:00 am sharp.The bus will serve as our transportation.We will climb to the top of the hill and enjoy our picnic lunch there, so please take some food with you as lunch.At about 2:00 pm.We will go down the hill along another path and return to our school at about5.00pm.You may equip yourself with a camera to record the beautiful scenery and an umbrella or a raincoat is also necessary in case you are caught in a rain.Please spare some time to join us.Your participation can surely add color to our trip and we are all looking forward to your involvement.Yours, Joe

6.建议信

假定你是李华，你所喜爱的Global Mirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见．请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容主要包括：

1．说明你是该报的忠实读者

2．说明该报优点：1)兼顾国内外新闻 2)介绍名人成功故事 3．提出建议： 刊登指导英语学习的文章 注意：1．词数100左右，开头语己为你写好； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【优秀满分范文】 Dear Editor-in-Chief, Congratulations on the 5th anniversary of Global Mirror!I’m a regular reader of your newspaper.I like it so much that I hardly miss any copy.There are many advantages of Global Mirror.Firstly, Global Mirror covers both national and international news.By simply turning the pages, I can know all important things that have happened both home and abroad.Besides, the success stories of world-famous people are also attractive to me, which help me learn a lot from them.In a word, thanks to Global Mirror, we are well-informed and keep up with the changing world.As a young student, I wish that I can be a master of English language.Therefore, I suggest that Global Mirror provide articles about English learning for us.Finally, I hope that Global Mirror will become more and more popular.Thank you for your time!

Sincerely yours，Li Hua

7.求助信

假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom上个月来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给Tom写一封电子邮件： 1.询问Tom的生活和学习情况；

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2.谈谈你的困难并请Tom帮忙； 3.告诉Tom你打算赛后去看他。注意: 1.词数:120—150；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【优秀满分范文】 Dear Tom，How is it going these days? I keep wondering how you feel about your school life in Beijing.Have you got used to the life in China? Are you enjoying your life? I hope you are.Let me tell you a piece of good news: I’m going to take part in an English speech contest of middle school students in July in the coming summer vacation.So I’m busy preparing for it.But now I have some difficulty in collecting useful information and using proper English word to express my thoughts.Besides, I really want to improve my spoken English, especially the pronunciation and intonation（语调）.Of course, as a native English speaker, you can give me some suggestions.In addition, I’m going to visit you after the contest.I’m sure we will have a wonderful time together in Beijing!I can hardly wait to see you!I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours, Li Hua

8.投诉信

你是李华，两周前你从网上一套书虫系列读物（Bookworm Series）昨天才到货，且包装破损，数量不足。请就此向网店客服写邮件投诉。要点如下： 1.介绍购物情况 2.反映存在问题 3.提出解决方案 注意：

1.词数100词左右

2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯 3.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词 可能用到的生词：投诉complaint n.【优秀满分范文】 To whom it may concern, I am one of your customers(顾客).I ordered（订购）a set of(一套)Bookworm Series on your website two weeks ago, but I didn’t receive them until yesterday.And much to my disappointment, the books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn.To make matters worse, it is not a complete set, as I found one book missing I am sorry to have received such poor service, and I believe I have every right to ask you to deal with this problem.I hope that you either return my money or deliver a new set of books to me.Besides, I’d like to be informed of the process of your dealing with my complaint.Looking forward to your reply.4 / 14

Sincerely, Li Hua

9.祝贺信

假如你是李华，你的好友魏芳在中学生英语演讲比赛中荣获一等奖。请你根据以下内容，给她写一封祝贺信。

内容包括：1.表达你的愉悦心情；2.向她表示祝贺； 3.请她介绍成功的经验。

注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数；3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：英语演讲比赛 the English Speech Contest 【优秀满分范文】 Dear Wei Fang, I hear that you have won first prize in the English Speech Contest of Middle School Students, so I’m writing to give my sincere congratulations.You don’t know how excited I was when I heard the good news.As your best friend, I am proud of you!Your pronunciation and fluent English left me with deep impression.It came as no surprise to me that you won the contest.Could you share with me how you improve your spoken English? Your experience will be of great help to me in learning.I will be grateful if you can write me back and give me your advice.I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours, Li Hua

10.求职信

假如你是李华，从报纸上看到中老年英语培训机构Mid．Senior ESCH面向高中毕业生招聘暑期兼职辅导员，负责学员课间服务事项。请根据下面的广告内容用英语写一份求职信。ASSISITANTS WANTED Valuable chances are open for high school graduates who are good at English．Their work is to tend the senior students during the break．

Requirements attached：1．Good at English．2．Experienced priority． Contact us by e-mail：Ｅnglishtec@163．com．

注意：1．短文词数100字左右；2．不能使用真实姓名和学校名称； 【优秀满分范文】 Dear Director: I’d like to apply for the post of assistant which was advertised in the newspaper.I found this position quite appealing to me.I’ve just graduated from high school.Luckily I am good at English and I can speak English fluently.In addition, I have previous experience.During my stay in middle school, I used to be a volunteer and looked after the old people in a nursing home on weekends.In short, I believe my experience and fluent oral English will be a great help for me in doing the work.I’m available for interview at any time.It would be appreciated if I can get your offer.5 / 14

Sincerely, Li Hua

英语写作八个“万能利”

1、挣钱

We can make some pocket money to buy some meaningful and educational books.2、培养兴趣、开阔视野

Only by doing so can we cultivate our interests and broaden our horizons.3、提高能力（交际、交流）

Not only our communication ability but also our interpersonal skills can be polished and improved.4、交朋友

We can make some close friends to share with each other our own life experience.5、利用时间

We will be able to make the most of our everyday time to do some valuable things.6、享受生活

It gives you an opportunity to enjoy your life from a different point of view.7、有意义、有趣

It is not only meaningful but also entertaining.8、面对挑战、克服困难、达成目标、实现梦想

It can teach us how to face challenges, overcome difficulties, achieve our goals and realize our dream.书面表达常用词组

首先，尤其重要的，最重要的 above all 偶然，无意中 by accident 对（于）…很积极 be active in 合计为 add up to 承让错误 admit one's mistake 接受某人的建议 take / follow one's advice 就…提出建议 give advice on 建议某人做某事 advice sb.to do sth.后天 the day after tomorrow 毕竟；终究 after all 违心 against one's will 在…岁时 at the age of 实现目标 achieve one's aim 在空中；悬而未决 in the air 在户外，在露天里 in the open air 在机场 at the airport 火警 the fire alarm 满腔怒火 be filled with anger 因某人之言行而生气 be angry at sth.生某人的气 be angry with sb.通知 make an announcement 相继地，按顺序地 one after another 相互，彼此（三者或三者以上之间）one another 相互（指两者之间）each other 没有回答 give no answer 为…而担心 be anxious about

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急于做某事 be anxious to do sth.分开住 live apart 除了 apart from 因某事向某人认错或道歉 make/offer an apology to sb for sth.与某人争论某事 argue with sb.about sth.放在一边 lay sth.aside 请某人指点 / 帮助 ask sb.for advice / help 惊讶于… be astonished at sth.以前，曾经 at one time 注意 pay attention to 对…抱正确的态度 take a correct attitude towards sth.引起（注意，兴趣等）attract one's attention 仰卧／仰泳 lie / swim on one's back 重感冒 a bad cold 两件行李 two pieces of baggage 保持／失去平衡 keep / lose one's balance 在舞会上 at the ball 洗冷水澡 have / take a cold bath 阵亡 be killed in battle 在海滩 on the beach 整理床铺 make the bed 以…开始 begin with 在…起始，开始 at the beginning of 自始自终 from beginning to end 形成…局面；产生 come into being 安全带 a safety belt 三思而后行。Second thoughts are best.尽力，尽最大的努力 do / try one's best 尽量利用，善用 make the best of 一切顺利，万事如意 all the best 黑体地，粗体地 in bold 出身于农民家庭 be born in a peasant's family 鞠躬 make a bow 动动脑子 use one's brains 打破纪录 break the record 深吸一口气 take a deep breath 屏息；憋住气 hold one's breath 上气不接下气 out of breath 刷牙 brush one's teeth 突然哭起来 burst into tears 突然一阵大笑 a burst of laughter

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要不是 but for 呼救声 a call for help 保持镇静（别慌）keep calm 保持安静（别吵）keep quiet 保持不动（别动）keep still 保持沉默（别说话）keep silent 夏令营 a summer camp 去野营 go camping 情不自禁… cannot help doing 打牌 play cards 照顾，保管 take care of 医疗护理 medical care 假若那样的话 in that case 以防万一 in case 下倾盆大雨 rain cats and dogs 赶上（或超过）catch up with 偶然 by chance 免费 free of charge 主管，在掌管之下 in charge 由…负责 in the charge of 掌管，负责 take charge 高兴起来 cheer up 童年时 in one's childhood 挑选，选择 make a choice 圣诞节时 at Christmas 去做礼拜 go to church 烟头 cigarette end 为…鼓掌 give sb.a clap 接近get close to 一块桌布 a table cloth 一套衣服 a suit of clothes 童装 children's clothing 集邮 collect stamps 产生，发生 come about（偶然）遇见或发现 come across 走过来；长出，发芽，上升；抬头 come up 共同，共有 in common 参加比赛 compete in a contest 举办音乐会 give a concert 条件是 on condition that 祝贺某人 congratulate sb.on sth./ 14

相反地 on the contrary 失控 out of control 与…谈话；交谈 have a conversation with sb.在…期间／过程中 in / during the course of 被…覆盖 be covered with 因某事和某人发脾气 be cross with sb.at sth.划掉 cross out 对…残忍 be cruel to sb.立方米 cubic meter 对…感到好奇 be curious about sth.对…造成巨大损害 do great damage to 处境危险 in danger 过时 out of date 在不久前，前几天 the other day 对…充耳不闻 be deaf to sth.对付，应付 deal with 负债 in debt 还清债务 out of debt 做出决定 make a decision 做好事 do good deeds 付诸行动，生效 do the deed 直到深夜 deep into the night 沉思 deep in thought

作文核心词汇复习总结

一、如何写长难句How to develop complex sentences.1.写出key words，确认中心骨架 2.逻辑排列，logical arrangements 3.加工润色，colorize 例句：大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

Most of(A majority of)students believe(hold the view)that part-time jobs can provide them with opportunities机会to/and develop(improve/better)communication ability能力(social abilities/interpersonal skills人际关系技巧),which is good for(is beneficial to有益于)their looking for jobs(job-hunting求职)in the future(after their graduation).二、拓展长句的三大方法

The most important factor因素 we have to take into consideration is sth./that… The most important thing I want to talk about is that…sth./ that… It is also of great importance to pay close attention to…that Besides what is mentioned above上述的,it is necessary to think about…

In addition to除…之外 what is talked about above, I want to tell you sth.about… 1.写引导词：包括起承转合例(让句子变得高端)

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起: in the first place首先, first and foremost首要的, to begin/start with 承: second(ly),in the second place, furthermore而且,此外, moreover而且,此外, what’s more, in addition另外, besides 转:but, however, on the contrary与此相反, in contrast/comparison相比之下, nonetheless虽然如此,但是;nevertheless尽管如此,然而;合: last but not least最后同样重要的，so, therefore，in conclusion最后，综上所述, to conclude最后, in a/one word, in general, 例: for instance, for example, such as，When it comes to....说起… 经典引导句型

There is no doubt that/in saying that… It is known to us all that, It is well-known that…

It is apparent/obvious显然的 that…it is not hard to understand that… It is not too much to say that…

It is commonly/widely/generally agreed that…(acknowledged公认的 that…/ believed that)2.写插入语(让句子变得客观)that is to say to a certain extent在某种程度上，to some degree在一定程度上，to a larger degree在很大程度上 for one reason or another因为某种原因, to put it in another way换言之 directly or indirectly 直接或间接 in other words 换句话说 as a matter of fact 事实上

例：English is, to a large degree, important.be后

Computer, directly or indirectly, influences our life.行前

Computer can, as a matter of fact, influence our life.助行间

例句：It is known to us all that, English is, to a large degree, very important due to that English is becoming a global/world language./is becoming more and more(increasingly)popular

There is no doubt in saying that computer, directly or indirectly, to a large degree, influences our life primarily owing to that(computer can make our work and study faster)computer can improve the efficiency of our work and study.It is hard to understand that doing part-time job can, to a large extent, broaden our horizon in that we can understand more about the society by knowing a lot of people.3.写从句(让句子变得漫长)名词性定语从句:that, who 时间状语从句:before, when, after, during 地点状语从句:where)原因状语从句:because, because of that..primarily/mainly owing to that, partly/partially due to that, in that 例： I like you in that you are very kind.10 / 14

假设状语从句:if, on condition that… in case that…

三、精选核心单词 1.好坏与权衡：

reap a lot of benefits from 从…中收获很多

advantage, disadvantage

every coin has its two sides, every thing has two sides

2.允许与禁止：

allow(all+low): allow sb.to do sth.permit(per+mit,): permit sb.to do, sb.is permitted to do sth., ask for the permission from…

forbid禁止: forbid sb.to do…, sth.is forbidden by…

3.学校与课程 ：

in university, on campus, major in主修, minor in辅修，English course, optional course选修课, required/compulsory course必修课

4.考虑与因素：

take sth.into consideration/account

sth.is the decisive决定性的/ an essential/ the most important factor

5.提及与谈到：

Talking about(the importance of English, three factors should be considered.)

When it comes to(the importance of English, three factors should be considered.)

6.分歧与主张，There is no agreement on the issue问题 that…

some people hold the view that…, some others hold an opposite view that…

so far as I am concerned,...in my opinion, from my perspective，7.反对与拥护：

advocate主张: We advocate the change of the policy.support the idea that

argue/hold/maintain/deem/that…

8.当今与形势

decade: in recent decades，nowadays, currently, at the present day/time

with the development of science and technology/economy/culture/society

information technology, more and more people are paying attention to…

close/due attention should be paid to

9.喜好与厌恶

prefer: prefer to do, prefer to do…rather than do, it is my preference, sth.is preferred.people are reluctant to do…不情愿做某事

10.现象与原因：

phenomenon现象 phenomena复数

lead to, cause，So what are the reasons behind this phenomenon?

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the reasons behind the phenomenon are as follows

11.影响与趋势：

tend to趋向于

tendency : There is a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.effects: exert effects on

bring negative/positive influence on带来负面/积极影响

do good/harm to

12.感激与宽恕

be thankful/grateful to sb.for..to express one’s gratitude to…

I am writing to you to tell you…/to express my thanks…

forgive excuse pardon me for what I did

13.举例与说明

for instance, such as…

as far as I am concerned以我为例

14.效率与改善

affect effect

effective efficient efficiency: To make it more efficient/effective.to enhance/improve sth.15.联系与期待

Email: e-mail me at the address:

contact me by the number of…

should there be anything I can help you, never hesitate犹豫 to call me.I am looking forward to hearing from you;an immediate reply will be fully appreciated.16.沉溺与控制：

sth.is prevalent普遍的

become addicted to沉溺于abandon/addict oneself to

sth.is under control

prevent sb.from doing sth.cancel, fight against

17.付出与回报：

No pains, no gains.take pains to do sth.尽力做某事

reward n./vt.报酬，奖赏 rewarding值得的

Learning English is painstaking and challenging but rewarding.reap a lot of benefits from…

be benefited to do sth.18.活动娱乐

recreation activities娱乐活动

Physical training体育

take part in/participate in

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entertainment entertain

19.种类与改变

vary vt./vi改变

very

various: various kinds of，a variety of, a great number of

20.心里与身体

physically身体上

spiritually精神上

psychologically心理上, psychology心理

mentally心理上, mental health

例：沉溺于网络对身心有害。

Becoming addicted to internet is physically harmful and mentally unhealthy.21.建议与要求

I suggest that you should…

My suggestion is that people should…

It is important that you should…

essential significant necessary

Due/close attention should be paid to that…

22.个性与美德

be optimistic/pessimistic/open-minded

/easy-going/extrovert/introvert

hardworking, diligent(diligence), lazy(laziness), cautious, kind-hearted, warm-hearted, ready to help others, cold-blooded

23.环境与污染

environment pollution, environment protection

ecological balance生态平衡 ecology生态

strike the balance between human society and nature

threaten vt./vi.威胁

pose a threat to human beings对人类构成威胁

punishment, punished, rewarded

例：English may be the most important factor in deciding which countries are leaders in the future.The language of the most advanced management and technology is undoubtedly English.Sth/to do sth/doing sth may be the most important factor to sth/in deciding sth.The sth of sth is undoubtedly sth.The way to do sth is undoubtedly to do sth.Being able to do sth is the key to sth/ doing sth.高考英语话题作文常用词汇

1.话题:朋友/友谊?

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常用词汇:? get to know sb.认识某人 know sb.really well 熟知某人 make friends with sb.和某人交朋友 a strong personality 一个很强的个性 personal matters 隐私 friendship 友谊 friendly 友好的 a close friend 一个亲密的朋友 trust each other 相互信任 precious 珍贵的 worthy 有价值的 understanding 通情达理的 share…with sb.与……分享…… be loyal to 对……忠诚 keep in touch with sb.与……保持联系 keep company with sb.和……结交 stay best friends with sb.和……保持很好的友谊

2.话题:语言学习? 常用词汇:words and expressions 生词和习惯用语 vocabulary词汇量 spelling拼写 pronunciation发音 custom习俗 idiom习语 stress强调 intonation语调 list列表 recite背诵 learning学习approach方法 revision复习discuss讨论 discussion讨论 game比赛,游戏 group组 team work合作 make notes做笔记attend a lecture参加讲座 life-long learning终生学习communicate with交流 teach oneself自学 pick up习得 take a course上课 make preparations做准备 make full use of 充分利用 refer to a dictionary查字典? keep a diary记日记 consult an expert 咨询专家? 3.话题:旅游? 常用词汇: Tour旅行,观光 view 风景,视野 travel/trip/visit 旅游 tourist 游客 tourism 旅游业 scenery风景 board 上/船、飞机等 sightseeing 观光 adventure冒险 attractive 有吸引力的 hiking远足 local当地的 luggage行李 souvenir 纪念品 traveler 旅行者 voyage 航行 visa签证 go on a tour去旅行 tourism wave 旅游热 tourist attractions 旅游景点 a busy/low season for tourism 旅游旺/淡季 make a holiday trip 度假旅行 places of interest 名胜

4.话题:文化遗产? 常用词汇:? culture文化 cultural relics文化遗产 ruins废墟 value价值 valuable贵重的 worth值得 design设计 favorite特别受喜爱的 historic有历史意义的 holy神圣的?memorable难忘的 mountainous多山的 primitive原始的 remote遥远的 sacred神圣的 spectacular壮丽的 wonderful美妙的 belong to属于 survive幸存 date back to/from追溯到 has a history of 有……的历史 protect…from…保护…… the past civilization 过去的文明 one of the wonders 奇迹之一 historic relics 历史遗产 tourist attraction 旅游热点? 5.话题:现代技术? 常用词汇:? Science and technology 科学技术 computer电脑 Internet网络 computer games 电脑游戏 email 电子邮件 information信息 message消息 screen屏幕 mouse鼠标 ? apply应用 application应用 invent 发明 invention发明 electronic电子的 laptop手提电脑 equipment设备 ?equip…with 装备software软件 data数据 database数据库 robot机器人 satellite卫星 battery 电池 chip芯片 digital 数据的 fax 传真 portable手提的 engineer工程师? update更新 download下载 net网 network 网络系统 virus病毒 access进入 scan浏览 store sound and picture digitally自动贮存声音和图片 deal with处理 the latest version of the software最新版的软件 surf the Internet

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第五篇：高考必背古诗词

蜀道难——李白

噫吁嚱！危乎高哉！蜀道之难，难于上青天。蚕丛及鱼凫，开国何茫然！

尔来四万八千岁，不与秦塞通人烟。西当太白有鸟道，可以横绝峨眉颠。地崩山摧壮士死，然后天梯石栈相钩连。上有六龙回日之高标，下有冲波逆折之回川。黄鹤之飞尚不得过，猿猱欲度愁攀援。青泥何盘盘，百步九折萦岩峦。

唉呀呀多么危险多么高峻伟岸！蜀道真太难攀简直难于上青天。

传说中蚕丛和鱼凫建立了蜀国，开国的年代实在久远无法详谈。

自从那时至今约有四万八千年，秦蜀被秦岭所阻从不沟通往返。

西边太白山有飞鸟能过的小道。从那小路走可横渡峨眉山顶端。

山崩地裂蜀国五壮士被压死了，两地才有天梯栈道开始相通连。

上有挡住太阳神六龙车的山巅，下有激浪排空纡回曲折的大川。

善于高飞的黄鹤尚且无法飞过，即使猢狲要想翻过也愁于攀援。

青泥岭多么曲折绕着山峦盘旋，百步之内萦绕岩峦转九个弯弯。

扪参历井仰胁息，以手抚膺坐长叹。问君西游何时还？畏途巉岩不可攀。但见悲鸟号古木，雄飞雌从绕林间。又闻子规啼夜月，愁空山。

蜀道之难，难于上青天，使人听此凋朱颜。连峰去天不盈尺，枯松倒挂倚绝壁。飞湍瀑流争喧豗，砯崖转石万壑雷。其险也如此，嗟尔远道之人胡为乎来哉！

剑阁峥嵘而崔嵬，一夫当关，万夫莫开。所守或匪亲，化为狼与豺。朝避猛虎，夕避长蛇。磨牙吮血，杀人如麻。

锦城虽云乐，不如早还家。

蜀道之难，难于上青天，侧身西望长咨嗟！

登高——杜甫 风急天高猿啸哀，渚清沙白鸟飞回。无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来。万里悲秋常作客，百年多病独登台。艰难苦恨繁霜鬓，潦倒新停浊酒杯。

锦瑟——李商隐 锦瑟无端五十弦，一弦一柱思华年。庄生晓梦迷蝴蝶，望帝春心托杜鹃。沧海月明珠有泪，可以摸到参井星叫人仰首屏息，用手抚胸惊恐不已徒有声长叹。

好朋友请问你西游何时回还？可怕的岩山栈道实在难以登攀！

只见那悲鸟在古树上哀鸣啼叫；雄雌相随飞翔在原始森林之间。

月夜听到的是杜鹃悲惨的啼声，令人愁思绵绵呵这荒荡的空山！

蜀道真难走简直难于上青天，叫人听到这些怎么不脸色突变？

山峰座座相连离天还不到一尺；枯松老枝倒挂倚贴在绝壁之间。

漩涡飞转瀑布飞泻争相喧闹着；水石相击转动像万壑鸣雷一般。

那去处恶劣艰险到了这种地步；唉呀呀你这个远方而来的客人，为了什么要来到这个险要地方？

剑阁那地方崇峻巍峨高入云端，只要一人把守千军万马难攻占。驻守的官员若不是皇家的近亲；难免要变为豺狼踞此为非造反。清晨你要提心吊胆地躲避猛虎；傍晚你要警觉防范长蛇的灾难。豺狼虎豹磨牙吮血真叫人不安；毒蛇猛兽杀人如麻即令你胆寒。锦官城虽然说是个快乐的所在；如此险恶还不如早早地把家还。蜀道太难走呵简直难于上青天；侧身西望令人不免感慨与长叹！

天高风急，秋气肃杀，猿啼哀啸，十分悲凉； 清清河州，白白沙岸，鸥鹭低空回翔。落叶飘零，无边无际，纷纷扬扬，萧萧而下； 奔流不尽的长江，汹涌澎湃，滚滚奔腾而来。我万里漂泊，常年客居他乡，对此秋景更觉悲伤； 有生以来，疾病缠身，今日独自登临高台。时世艰难，生活困苦，我常恨鬓如霜白； 浊酒销忧，却怎奈潦倒以至需要停酒。

锦瑟有五十条弦的说法，本来没什么来由（意指本来就是25弦）但即使这样它的每一弦，每一音节足以表达对美好年华的思念。庄周其实知道自己只是向往那自由自在的蝴蝶。望帝那美好的心灵作为可以感动杜鹃。大海里明月的影子像是眼泪化成的珍珠。

蓝田日暖玉生烟。此情可待成追忆，只是当时已惘然。

虞美人——李煜 春花秋月何时了？ 往事知多少。小楼昨夜又东风，故国不堪回首月明中。雕栏玉砌应犹在，只是朱颜改。

问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。

蝶恋花——晏殊 槛菊愁烟兰泣露。

罗幕轻寒，燕子双飞去。明月不谙离别苦，斜光到晓穿朱户。昨夜西风凋碧树。独上高楼，望尽天涯路。

欲寄彩笺兼尺素，山长水阔知何处？

雨霖铃——柳永 寒蝉凄切，对长亭晚，骤雨初歇。都门帐饮无绪，留恋处、兰舟催发。执手相看泪眼，竟无语凝噎。

念去去、千里烟波，暮霭沉沉楚天阔。多情自古伤离别，更那堪、冷落清秋节！今宵酒醒何处？ 杨柳岸、晓风残月。

此去经年，应是良辰好景虚设。

便纵有千种风情，更与何人说！

只有在彼时彼地的蓝田才能生成犹如生烟似的良玉。那些美好的事和年代，只能留在回忆中。

而在当时那些人看来那些事都只是平常罢了，却并不珍惜。

春花秋月的美好时光，何时了结。

因为一看到春花秋月，就有无数往事涌上心头，想到在南唐时欣赏春花秋月的美好日子，不堪回首，所以怕看见春花秋月在东风吹拂的明月之夜，金陵的故国生活不堪回顾了。那里宫殿的雕栏玉砌应该还在，只是人的容貌因愁苦变得憔悴了。

倘若要问有多少愁苦，恰恰像一江春水的向东流去，无穷无尽。

栏杆外，菊花被轻烟笼罩，好像含着愁；兰叶上挂着露珠，好象在哭泣。

罗幕闲垂，空气微冷；一双燕子飞去了。明月不知道离别的愁苦。

斜斜地把月光照进屋子里，直到天明。

昨天夜里，秋风吹落碧树的叶子。我独自登上高楼，看路消失在天涯。

想寄一封信。但是山水迢迢，我想念的人在哪里呢？

秋后的蝉叫得是那样地凄凉而急促，面对着长亭，正是傍晚时分，一阵急雨刚停住。在京都城外设帐饯(jiàn，本义：设酒食送行)别，却没有畅饮的心绪，正在依依不舍的时候，船上的人已催着出发。

握着手互相瞧着对方泪光闪闪的眼睛，直到最后也无言相对，千言万语都噎在喉间说不出来。

想到这回去南方，这一程又一程，千里迢迢，一片烟波，那夜雾沉沉的楚地天空竟是一望无边。

自古以来多情的人最伤心的是离别，更何况又逢这萧瑟冷落的秋季，这离愁哪能经受得了！谁知我今夜酒醒时身在何处？

怕是只有杨柳岸边，面对凄厉的晨风和黎明的残月了。这一去长年相别，（相爱的人不在一起，）我料想即使遇到好天气、好风景，也如同虚设。

即使有满腹的情意，又再同谁去诉说呢？

声声慢——李清照 寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。

乍暖换寒时候，最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他、晚来风急！雁过也，正伤心，却是旧相识。满地黄花堆积，憔悴损，如今有谁堪摘？ 守着窗儿，独自怎生得黑！梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏、点点滴滴。这次第，怎一个愁字了得！

琵琶行——白居易

浔阳江头夜送客，枫叶荻花秋瑟瑟。

主人下马客在船，举酒欲饮无管弦。

醉不成欢惨将别，别时茫茫江浸月。

忽闻水上琵琶声，主人忘归客不发。

寻声暗问弹者谁，琵琶声停欲语迟。

移船相近邀相见，添酒回灯重开宴。

千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面。

转轴拨弦三两声，未成曲调先有情。

弦弦掩抑声声思，似诉平生不得意；

低眉信手续续弹，说尽心中无限事。

轻拢慢捻抹复挑，初为《霓裳》后《绿腰》。

大弦嘈嘈如急雨，小弦切切如私语。

嘈嘈切切错杂弹，大珠小珠落玉盘。间关莺语花底滑，幽咽泉流冰下难。

冰泉冷涩弦凝绝，凝绝不通声暂歇。别有幽愁暗恨生，此时无声胜有声。银瓶乍破水浆迸，铁骑突出刀枪鸣。曲终收拨当心画，四弦一声如裂帛。东船西舫悄无言，唯见江心秋月白。沉吟放拨插弦中，整顿衣裳起敛容。自言本是京城女，家在虾há蟆má陵下住。

独处陋室若有所失地东寻西觅，眼前只剩下冷冷清清，于是凄凉、惨痛、悲戚之情一齐涌来。深秋骤热又骤冷的时候，最难以调养静息。喝几杯清淡的薄酒，怎能抵挡晚上大而急的寒风。正在伤心之时，传书的大雁飞过去了，却原来是以前就相识的。

地上到处是零落的黄花，憔悴枯损，没有人有摘花的兴致。

守在窗子边，孤孤单单的，怎样捱到天黑啊！细雨打在梧桐上，一直下到黄昏时分，绵绵细雨还是发出点点滴滴的声音。这种光景，一个愁字怎么能概括得了！

秋夜我到浔阳江头送一位归客，冷风吹着枫叶和芦花秋声瑟瑟。我下马和客人在船上饯别设宴，举起酒杯要饮却无助兴的音乐。酒喝得不痛快更伤心将要分别，临别时夜茫茫江水倒映着明月。忽听得江面上传来琵琶清脆声；我忘却了回归，客人也不想动身。

寻声轻轻探问弹琵琶的是何人？琵琶停了许久却迟迟没有动静。

我们移船靠近邀请她出来相见；叫下人添酒回灯重新摆起酒宴。千呼万唤她才不情愿地走出来，还怀抱琵琶半遮着脸面。转紧琴轴拨动琴弦试弹了几声；尚未成曲调那形态就非常有情。弦弦凄楚悲切声音隐含着沉思；似乎在诉说着她平生的不得志；她低着头随手连续地弹个不停；用琴声把心中无限的往事说尽。轻轻地拢，慢慢地捻，一会儿抹，一会儿挑。初弹《霓裳羽衣曲》接着再弹《六幺》。

大弦浑宏悠长嘈嘈如暴风骤雨；小弦和缓幽细切切如有人私语。嘈嘈声切切声互为交错地弹奏；就像大珠小珠一串串掉落玉盘。琵琶声一会儿像花底下宛转流畅的鸟鸣声，一会儿又像水在冰下流动受阻艰涩低沉、呜咽断续的声音。

好像水泉冷涩琵琶声开始凝结，凝结而不通畅声音渐渐地中断。像另有一种愁思幽恨暗暗滋生；此时闷闷无声却比有声更动人。突然间好像银瓶撞破水浆四溅；又好像铁甲骑兵厮杀刀枪齐鸣。一曲终了她对准琴弦中心划拨；四弦一声轰鸣好像撕裂了布帛。东船西舫人们都静悄悄地聆听；只见江心之中映着白白秋月影。她沉吟着收起拨片插在琴弦中；整顿衣裳依然显出庄重的颜容。她说我原是京城负有盛名的歌女；老家住在长安城东南的虾蟆陵。

十三学得琵琶成，名属教坊第一部。曲罢曾教善才伏，妆成每被秋娘妒。

五陵年少争缠头，一曲红绡不知数。

钿(diàn)头云篦击节碎，血色罗裙翻酒污。今年欢笑复明年，秋月春风等闲度。

弟走从军阿姨死，暮去朝来颜色故。

门前冷落鞍马稀，老大嫁作商人妇。

商人重利轻别离，前月浮梁买茶去。

去来江口守空船，绕船月明江水寒。

夜深忽梦少年事，梦啼妆泪红阑干。

我闻琵琶已叹息，又闻此语重唧唧。

同是天涯沦落人，相逢何必曾相识。

我从去年辞帝京，谪居卧病浔阳城。

浔阳地僻无音乐，终岁不闻丝竹声。

住近湓江地低湿，黄芦苦竹绕宅生。

其间旦暮闻何物？杜鹃啼血猿哀鸣。

春江花朝秋月夜，往往取酒还独倾。

岂无山歌与村笛，呕ōu哑yā嘲哳难为听。

zhāo zhā 今夜闻君琵琶语，如听仙乐耳暂明。

莫辞更坐弹一曲，为君翻作琵琶行。

感我此言良久立，却坐促弦弦转急。

凄凄不似向前声，满座重闻皆掩泣。

座中泣下谁最多？江州司马青衫湿。

↑—————————————————————

念奴娇·赤壁怀古——苏轼 大江东去，浪淘尽、千古风流人物。故垒西边，人道是、三国周郎赤壁。乱石穿空，惊涛拍岸，卷起千堆雪。江山如画，一时多少豪杰。

遥想公瑾当年，小乔初嫁了，雄姿英发。羽扇纶巾，谈笑间、弹奏琵琶技艺十三岁就已学成；教坊乐团第一队中列有我姓名。每曲弹罢都令艺术大师们叹服；每次妆成都被同行歌妓们嫉妒。京都豪富子弟争先恐后来献彩；弹完一曲收来的红绡不知其数。钿头银篦打节拍常常断裂粉碎；红色罗裙被酒渍染污也不后悔。年复一年都在欢笑打闹中度过；秋去春来美好的时光白白消磨。兄弟从军姊妹死家道已经破败；暮去朝来我也渐渐地年老色衰。门前车马减少光顾者落落稀稀；青春已逝我只得嫁给商人为妻。商人重利不重情常常轻易别离；上个月他去浮梁做茶叶的生意。他去了留下我在江口孤守空船；秋月与我作伴绕舱的秋水凄寒。更深夜阑常梦少年时作乐狂欢；梦中哭醒涕泪纵横污损了粉颜。我听琵琶的悲泣早已摇头叹息；又听到她这番诉说更叫我悲凄。我们俩同是天涯沦落的可悲人；今日相逢何必问是否曾经相识！自从去年我离开繁华长安京城；被贬居住在浔阳江畔常常卧病。浔阳这地方荒凉偏僻没有音乐；一年到头听不到管弦的乐器声。住在湓江这个低洼潮湿的地方；第宅周围黄芦和苦竹缭绕丛生。在这里早晚能听到的是什么呢？尽是杜鹃猿猴那些悲凄的哀鸣。

春江花朝秋江月夜那样好光景；也无可奈何常常取酒独酌独饮。难道这里就没有山歌和村笛吗？只是那音调嘶哑粗涩实在难听。

今晚我听你弹奏琵琶诉说衷情，就像听到仙乐眼也亮来耳也明。请你不要推辞坐下来再弹一曲；我要为你创作一首新诗《琵琶行》。

被我的话所感动她站立了好久；回身坐下再转紧琴弦拨出急声。凄凄切切不再像刚才那种声音；在座的人重听都掩面哭泣不停。要问在座之中谁流的眼泪最多？我江州司马泪水湿透青衫衣襟！

————————————————————《必修四》↑

长江向东流去，波浪滚滚，千古的英雄人物都（随着长江水）逝去。那旧营垒的西边，人们说（那）就是三国时候周瑜（作战的）赤壁。陡峭不平的石壁直刺天空，大浪拍击着江岸，激起一堆堆雪白的浪花。江山像一幅奇丽的图画，那个时代汇集了多少英雄豪杰。

遥想当年的周瑜，小乔刚嫁给他，他正年轻有为，威武的仪表，英姿奋发。（他）手握羽扇，头戴纶巾，谈笑之间，墙虏灰飞烟灭。

故国神游，多情应笑我，早生华发。人间如梦，一樽还酹江月

永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古——辛弃疾 千古江山，英雄无觅。孙仲谋处。舞榭(xiè)歌台，风流总被，雨打风吹去。斜阳草树，寻常巷陌，人道寄奴曾住。想当年： 金戈铁马，气吞万里如虎。元嘉草草，封狼居胥（xū），赢得仓皇北顾。

四十三年，望中犹记，烽火扬州路。

可堪回首，佛（bì）狸（lí）祠（cí）下，一片神鸦社鼓。

凭谁问：廉颇老矣，尚能饭否?

↑—————————————————————

长亭送别——王实甫 【端正好】

碧云天，黄花地，西风紧 北雁南飞。晓来谁染霜林醉？ 总是离人泪。

【滚绣球】

恨见得迟，怨归去得疾。柳丝长玉骢难系，恨不倩疏林挂住斜晖。马儿迍迍的行，车儿快快的随，却告了相思回避，破题儿又早别离。听得道一声“去也”，松了金钏；遥望见十里长亭，（就把）强敌的战船烧得灰飞烟灭。

（此时此刻），（我）怀想三国旧事，凭吊古人，应该笑我自己多情善感，头发早早地都变白了。人生在世就象一场梦一样，我还是倒一杯酒来祭奠江上的明月吧！

历经千古的江山，再也难找到像孙权那样的英雄。昔日的舞榭歌台、显赫人物，都被风吹雨打化为土。斜阳照着长满草树的普通小巷，人们说那是当年刘裕曾经住过的地方。回想当年，他领军北伐、收复失地的时候是何等的威猛！然而刘裕的儿子刘义隆好大喜功，仓促北伐，却反而让北魏太武帝拓跋焘乘机挥师南下，兵抵长江北岸而返，遭到对手的重创。我回到南方已经有四十三年了，看着中原仍然记得扬州路上烽火连天的战乱场景。怎么能回首啊，当年拓跋焘的行宫外竟有百姓在那里祭祀，乌鸦啄食祭品，人们过着社日，只把他当作一位神祗来供奉，而不知道这里曾是一个皇帝的行宫。还有谁会问，廉颇老了，饭量还好吗？

————————————————————《必修二》↑

碧蓝的天空，开满了菊花的大地，西风猛烈吹，大雁从北往南飞。

清晨，是谁把经霜的枫林染红了？ 那总是离人的眼泪。

恨相见得太迟，怨离别得太快。柳丝虽长，却难系住远行人的马，恨不能使疏林一直挂住那斜阳。

张生的马慢慢地走 我和车紧紧地跟随，刚刚结束了相思之苦，却又早开始了别离之愁。听他说“要走了”，人顿时消瘦下来；远远地望见十里长亭，减了玉肌：此恨谁知？

【一煞】

青山隔送行，疏林不做美，淡烟暮霭相遮蔽。夕阳古道无人语。禾黍秋风听马嘶。我为甚么懒上车儿内，来时甚急，去后何迟？

【收尾】

四围山色中，一鞭残照里。遍人间烦恼填胸臆，量这些大小车儿如何载得起？

渔父——《楚辞》 屈原既放，游于江潭，行吟泽畔，颜色憔悴，形容枯槁。

渔父见而问之曰：“ 子非三闾大夫与？ 何故至于斯？” 屈原曰：“

举世皆浊我独清，众人皆醉我独醒，是以见放。”

渔父曰：“圣人不凝滞于物，而能与世推移。世人皆浊，何不淈其泥而扬其波？

众人皆醉，何不饣甫其糟而歠其醨？ 何故深思高举，自令放为？”

屈原曰：“吾闻之，新沐者必弹冠，新浴者必振衣。

安能以身之察察，受物之汶汶者乎？ 宁赴湘流，葬于江鱼之腹中。

安能以皓皓之白，而蒙世俗之尘埃乎？” 渔父莞尔而笑，鼓枻而去，乃歌曰：“沧浪之水清兮，可以濯吾缨； 沧浪之水浊兮，可以濯吾足。” 遂去，不复与言。

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人更消瘦了：这离愁别恨有谁能理解？

青山阻隔我送行，疏林挡住我目光，淡淡炊烟和那傍晚的雾气相互掩映。残阳斜照的古道没有人声，秋风吹过庄稼传来马的嘶鸣。我为什么懒得上车呢，来的时候多么急切，别离独回却又多么迟缓？

四周群山中，一马远去残阳里。整个人间的烦恼都填在我胸中，估量这样大的小车子怎么能载得起呢？

屈原被放逐以后，来往於江潭之间，在水边且走且叹息，看起来憔悴枯瘦，一副病态愁容。渔夫看到了就问他： “你不是三闾大夫吗？

为什麼会流落到这个地方来呢？” 屈原回答说：“

全天下的人都污浊了，只有我是清白的，所有的人都昏醉了，只有我是清醒的。所以就被放逐了。”

渔夫说：“一个才德兼备的人是不会执著拘泥於外物的，而且能够配合时局转变作为。全天下都污浊了，为什麼不跟著同流合污呢？

所有人都昏醉了，为什麼不跟著饮酒享乐呢？ 为什麼要思虑得那麼深远，表现得那麼清高，而使自己遭到放逐呢？”

屈原回答说：“我听说刚洗过头的人一定要把帽子拍乾净才戴上；刚洗过澡的人，一定要把衣服抖乾净才穿上。怎麼可以用洁净的身体去承受污秽的东西呢？ 宁可投身到湘江的流水中，葬身在江中的鱼肚里； 怎麼可以用清白的人格，去蒙受人世间的尘土呢？” 渔夫微微一笑，敲击著船板要离开了，一面唱著歌说：“沧浪的水清澈的话啊，可用来洗我的帽带，沧浪的水污浊的话啊，可用来洗我的双脚！” 然后就离去了，不再和屈原说话。

—————————————————————《必修五》↑