2016中国清明节英文介绍

第一篇：2016中国清明节英文介绍

2016中国清明节英文介绍

中国清明节英文怎么介绍？请往下阅读：（更多相关信息请关注聘才网）Qingming Festival The Qingming(Pure Brightness)Festival is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China, falling on April 4-6 each year.After the festival, the temperature will rise up and rainfall increases.It is the high time for spring plowing and sowing.But the Qingming Festival is not only a seasonal point to guide farm work, it is more a festival of commemoration.The Qingming Festival sees a combination of sadness and happiness.This is the most important day of sacrifice.Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the diseased.Also, they will not cook on this day and only cold food is served.The Hanshi(Cold Food)Festival was usually one day before the Qingming Festival.As our ancestors often extended the day to the Qingming, they were later combined.On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices.Traffic on the way to the cemeteries becomes extremely jammed.The customs have been greatly simplified today.After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites of the dead, then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet.In contrast to the sadness of the tomb sweepers, people also enjoy hope of Spring on this day.The Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines brightly, the trees and grass become green and nature is again lively.Since ancient times, people have followed the custom of Spring outings.At this time tourists are everywhere.People love to fly kites during the Qingming Festival.Kite flying is actually not limited to the Qingming Festival.Its uniqueness lies in that people fly kites not during the day, but also at night.A string of little lanterns tied onto the kite or the thread look like shining stars, and therefore, are called “god's lanterns.” The Qingming Festival is also a time to plant trees, for the survival rate of saplings is high and trees grow fast later.In the past, the Qingming Festival was called “Arbor Day”.But since 1979, “Arbor Day” was settled as March 12 according to the Gregorian calendar.清明是我国的二十四节气之一。由于二十四节气比较客观地反映了一年四季气温、降雨、物候等方面的变化，所以古代劳动人民用它安排农事活动。但是，清明作为节日，与纯粹的节气又有所不同。节气是我国物候变化、时令顺序的标志，而节日则包含着一定的风俗活动和某种纪念意义。因此，这个节日中既有祭扫新坟生别死离的悲酸泪，又有踏青游玩的欢笑声，是一个富有特色的节日。清明节是我国传统节日，也是最重要的祭祀节日，是祭祖和扫墓的日子。扫墓俗称上坟，祭祀死者的一种活动。汉族和一些少数民族大多都是在清明节扫墓。由于清明与寒食的日子接近，而寒食是民间禁火扫墓的日子，渐渐的，寒食与清明就合二为一了，而寒食既成为清明的别称，也变成为清明时节的一个习俗，清明之日不动烟火，只吃凉的食品。按照旧的习俗，扫墓时，人们要携带酒食果品、纸钱等物品到墓地，将食物供祭在亲人墓前，再将纸钱焚化，为坟墓培上新土，折几枝嫩绿的新枝插在坟上，然后叩头行礼祭拜，最后吃掉酒食回家。

与清明节扫墓的悲哀相反，人们在这个春光明媚的日子里，也一样是可以享受生活的。放风筝也是清明时节人们所喜爱的活动。每逢清明时节，人们不仅白天放，夜间也放。夜里在风筝下或风稳拉线上挂上一串串彩色的小灯笼，象闪烁的明星，被称为“神灯”。清明前后，春阳照临，春阳照临，春雨飞洒，种植树苗成活率高，成长快。因此，自古以来，我国就有清明植树的习惯。有人还把清明节叫作“植树节”。植树风俗一直流传至今。1979年，人大常委会规定，每年三月十二日为我国植树节。这对动员全国各族人民积极开展绿化祖国活动，有着十分重要的意义。

第二篇：清明节英文介绍

1、Qing Ming Jie（All Souls' Day/Tomb-Sweeping Day/Pure Brightness Day）

Qing Ming is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed.More important, it is a period to honour and to pay respect to one's deceased ancestors and family members.Because it reinforces the ethic of filial piety, Qing Ming is a major Chinese festival.Literally meaning “clear”(Qing)and “bright”(Ming), this Chinese festival falls in early spring, on the 106th day after the winter solstice.It is a “spring” festival, and it is an occasion for the whole family to leave the home and to sweep the graves of their forebears.Chinese being practical people this sweeping of the graves is given an extended period, that is, 10 days before and after Qing Ming day.Among some dialect groups a whole month is allocated.清明节是一个纪念祖先的节日。主要的纪念仪式是扫墓，扫墓是慎终追远、郭亲睦邻及行孝的具体表现；基于上述意义，清明节因此成为华人的重要节日。清明节是在仲春和暮春之交，也就是冬至后的106天。扫墓活动通常是在清明节的前十天或后十天。有些地域的人士的扫墓活动长达一个月。

2、ORIGIN（起源）

Qing Ming is popularly associated with Jie Zi Zhui, who lived in Shanxi province in 600 B.C.Legend has it that Jie saved his starving lord's life by serving a piece of his own leg.When the lord succeeded in becoming the ruler of a small principality, he invited his faithful follower to join him.However, Jie declined his invitation, preferring to lead a hermit's life with his mother in the mountains.Believing that he could force Jie out by burning the mountain, the lord ordered his men to set the forest on fire.To his consternation, Jie chose to remain where he was and was burnt to death.To commemorate Jie, the lord ordered all fires in every home to be put out on the anniversary of Jie's death.Thus began the “cold food feast”, a day when no food could be cooked since no fire could be lit.The “cold food” festival occurs on the eve of Qing Ming and is often considered as part of the Qing Ming festival.As time passes, the Qing Ming festival replaced the “cold food” festival.Whatever practice is observed，the basic observation of Qing Ming is to remember one's elders by making a special effort to visit their graves, ashes or ancestral tablets.To make the visit even more meaningful, some time should be spent to remind the younger members of the family of the lives and contributions of their ancestors, and the story of Jie Zi Zhui who choose death over capitulation.谈到清明节，有点历史知识的人，都会联想到历史人物介子椎。据历史记载，在两千多年以前的春秋时代，晋国公子重耳逃亡在外，生活艰苦，跟随他的介子椎不惜从自己的腿上割下一块肉让他充饥。后来，重耳回到晋国，作了国君（即晋文公，春秋五霸之一），大事封赏所有跟随他流亡在外的随从，惟独介子椎拒绝接受封赏，他带了母亲隐居绵山。

晋文公无计可施，只好放火烧山，他想，介子椎孝顺母亲，一定会带着老母出来。谁知这场大火却把介子椎母子烧死了。为了纪念介子椎，晋文公下令每年的这一天，禁止生火，家家户户只能吃生冷的食物，这就是寒食节的来源。

寒食节是在清明节的前一天，古人常把寒食节的活动延续到清明，久而久之，清明取代了寒食节。拜介子椎的习俗也变成了清明扫墓的习俗了。无论以何种形式纪念，为了使纪念祖先的仪式更有意义，我们应该让年轻一代的家庭成员了解先人过去的奋斗历史，当然，还要学习介子椎宁死不屈的气节。

3、每年的公历四月五日前后为清明节，是二十四节气之一。今年的清明节是4月4日。在二十四个节气中，既是节气又是节日的只有清明。清明节是我国传统节日，也是最重要的祭祀节日。按照旧的习俗，祭祀（扫墓）时，人们要携带酒食果品、纸钱等物品到墓地，将食物供祭在亲人墓前，再将纸钱焚化，为坟墓培上新土，折几枝嫩绿的新枝插在坟上，然后叩头行礼祭拜，最后吃掉酒食回家。

清明节，又叫踏青节，正是春光明媚草木吐绿的时节，也正是人们春游的好时候，所以古人有清明踏青，并开展一系列体育活动的的习俗。直到今天，清明节祭拜祖先，悼念已逝的亲人的习俗仍很盛行。

Celebrated two weeks after the vernal equinox, Tomb Sweeping Day is one of the few traditional Chinese holidays that follows the solar calendar--typically falling on April 4, 5, or 6.Its Chinese name “Qing Ming” literally means “Clear Brightness,” hinting at its importance as a celebration of Spring.Similar to the spring festivals of other cultures, Tomb Sweeping Day celebrates the rebirth of nature, while marking the beginning of the planting season and other outdoor activities.Qing Ming Jiein Ancient Times

An old man takes one last look before leaving the City Cemetery at Biandanshan of Wuhan, Central China's Hubei Province.In ancient times, people celebrated Qing Ming Jie with dancing, singing, picnics, and kite flying.Colored boiled eggs would be broken to symbolize the opening of life.In the capital, the Emperor would plant trees on the palace grounds to celebrate the renewing nature of spring.In the villages, young men and women would court each other.The Tomb Sweeping Day as Celebrated Today

With the passing of time, this celebration of life became a day to the honor past ancestors.Following folk religion, the Chinese believed that the spirits of deceased ancestors looked after the family.Sacrifices of food and spirit money could keep them happy, and the family would prosper through good harvests and more children.Today, Chinese visit their family graves to tend to any underbrush that has grown.Weeds are pulled, and dirt swept away, and the family will set out offerings of food and spirit money.Unlike the sacrifices at a family's home altar, the offerings at the tomb usually consist of dry, bland food.One theory is that since any number of ghosts rome around a grave area, the less appealing food will be consumed by the ancestors, and not be plundered by strangers.清明节在川东地区还有清明粑这种食物 清明粑，是川东地区在清明节所实用的传统小吃。皮为糯米面加上一种叫清明菜的野菜，包上野葱、榨菜和腊肉丁炒熟做成的馅，上笼屉蒸熟以后即可食用。

因为制作这种小吃的主要配料清明菜是一种野生植物，只有在清明前后这一段时间才鲜嫩可吃。清明菜生在野地，长三四寸高就开出小黄花，茎叶生细百绒毛，因此看上去灰绿灰绿的。

第三篇：中国传统节日清明节介绍

中国传统节日介绍——清明节

清明节是中国最重要的传统节日之一。它不仅是人们祭奠祖先、缅怀先人的节日，也是中华民族认祖归宗的纽带，更是一个远足踏青、亲近自然、催护新生的春季仪式。清明节古时也叫三月节，已有２５００多年历史。公历四月五日前后为清明节，是二十四节气之

一。在二十四个节气中，既是节气又是节日的只有清明。

清明节是中国重要的传统民俗节日之一，２００６年被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

清明节起源

春秋战国时代，是中国汉族的节日，为中国二十四节气之一，时间约在每年的阳历４月５日前后。清明节后雨水增多，大地呈现春和景明之象。这一时节万物“吐故纳新”，无论是大自然中的植被，还是与自然共处的人体，都在此时换去冬天的污浊，迎来春天的气息，实现由阴到阳的转化。

古有清明前一天为“寒食节”之说，相传起于春秋时期晋文公悼念介子推“割股充饥”一事，后逐渐清明寒食合而为一。唐代扫墓日期一般在寒食节，宋后移到清明。传说中“寒食节”的起源地就在山西中部介休，介休一名的来历即是为纪念介子推“割股充饥”而不图为报，最终在此被大火烧山而亡，绵山也因此又称“介山”。>>

相传大禹治水后，人们就用“清明”之语庆贺水患已除，天下太平。此时春暖花开，万物复苏，天清地明，正是春游踏青的好时节。踏青早在唐代就已开始，历代承袭成为习惯。踏青除了欣赏大自然的湖光山色、春光美景之外，还开展各种文娱活动，增添生活情趣。风俗清明节流行扫墓，其实扫墓乃清明节前一天寒食节的内容，寒食相传起于晋文公悼念介之推一事。唐玄宗开元二十年诏令天下，“寒食上墓”。因寒食与清明相接，后来就逐渐传成清明扫墓了。明清时期，清明扫墓更为盛行。古时扫墓，孩子们还常要放风筝。有的风筝上安有竹笛，经风一吹能发出响声，犹如筝的声音，据说风筝的名字也就是这么来的。清明节还有许多失传的风俗，如古代曾长期流传的戴柳、射柳、打秋千等，据载，辽代风俗最重清明节，上至朝廷下至庶民百姓都以打秋千为乐，仕女云集，踏青之风也极盛。>>新中国成立后，人们都在这天祭扫烈士墓，缅怀革命先辈。

【清明节习俗】

清明节的习俗是丰富有趣的，除了讲究禁火、扫墓，还有踏青、荡秋千、蹴鞠、打马球、插柳等一系列风俗体育活动。相传这是因为清明节要寒食禁火，为了防止寒食冷餐伤身，所以大家来参加一些体育活动，以锻炼身体。因此，这个节日中既有祭扫新坟生别死离的悲酸泪，又有踏青游玩的欢笑声，是一个富有特色的节日。

荡秋千这是我国古代清明节习俗。秋千，意即揪着皮绳而迁移。它的历史很古老，最早叫千秋，后为了避忌讳，改为秋千。古时的秋千多用树桠枝为架，再栓上彩带做成。后来逐步发展为用两根绳索加上踏板的秋千。打秋千不仅可以增进健康，而且可以培养勇敢精神，至今为人们特别是儿童所喜爱。

蹴鞠鞠是一种皮球，球皮用皮革做成，球内用毛塞紧。蹴鞠，就是用足去踢球。这是古代清明节时人们喜爱的一种游戏。相传是黄帝发明的，最初目的是用来训练武士。踏青又叫春游。古时叫探春、寻春等。三月清明，春回大地，自然界到处呈现一派生机勃勃的景象，正是郊游的大好时光。我国民间长期保持着清明踏青的习惯。

植树清明前后，春阳照临，春雨飞洒，种植树苗成活率高，成长快。因此，自古以来，我国就有清明植树的习惯。有人还把清明节叫作“植树节”。植树风俗一直流传至今。1979年，人大常委会规定，每年三月十二日为我国植树节。这对动员全国各族人民积极开展绿化祖国活动，有着十分重要的意义。

放风筝也是清明时节人们所喜爱的活动。每逢清明时节，人们不仅白天放，夜间也放。夜里在风筝下或风稳拉线上挂上一串串彩色的小灯笼，象闪烁的明星，被称为“神灯”。过去，有的人把风筝放上蓝天后，便剪断牵线，任凭清风把它们送往天涯海角，据说这样能除病消灾，给自己带来好运。

扫墓清明扫墓，谓之对祖先的“思时之敬”。其习俗由来已久。明《帝京景物略》载：“三月清明日，男女扫墓，担提尊榼，轿马后挂楮锭，粲粲然满道也。拜者、酹者、哭者、为墓除草添土者，焚楮锭次，以纸钱置坟头。望中无纸钱，则孤坟矣。哭罢，不归也，趋芳树，择园圃，列坐尽醉。”其实，扫墓在秦以前就有了，但不一定是在清明之际，清明扫墓则是秦以后的事。到唐朝才开始盛行。《清通礼》云：“岁，寒食及霜降节，拜扫圹茔，届期素服诣墓，具酒馔及芟剪草木之器，周胝封树，剪除荆草，故称扫墓。”并相传至今。

第四篇：中国矿业大学英文介绍

China University of Mining and Technology(CUMT)is one of the key national universities under the direct administration of the China’s Ministry of Education.It is also one of the universities which host a graduate school with the approval of the Ministry of Education, and one of that in the national “211 project”, a government program designed to support and improve top-level institutions of higher learning in China.CUMT grew out of Jiaozuo School of Railroad and Mines, which was

established in 1909 and was later expanded and renamed Jiaozuo Institute of Technology.In 1950, Jiaozuo Institute of Technology moved to Tianjin and was renamed the China Institute of Mining and Technology(CIMT).It became the first higher learning institution in the field of mining in China.In 1952, during a national readjustment of higher learning institutions, the

mining engineering departments of Tsinghua University and the now-defunct Beiyang and Tangshan Railroad Universities were merged into CIMT.In 1953, the Institute moved to Beijing and was renamed Beijing Institute of Mining and Technology(BIMT), where it became one of the eight most renowned institutes in Beijing.In 1960, BIMT was rated a key university in the nation.During the period of the Cultural Revolution, it moved to Sichuan Province and was renamed the Sichuan

Institute of Mining and Technology.In 1978, with the approval of the State Council, a new campus was established in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, with the school name restored to CIMT, and was rated by the government as one of China’s 88 key state universities.In 1988, the institution was formally renamed the China University of Mining and Technology(CUMT), and in 1997, a second campus in Beijing was established with the approval of the Ministry of Education.As the oldest higher learning institution with a focus on mining engineering in the country, CUMT has been and continues to receive much attention and support from leaders of the central government.On May 11, 1988, Deng Xiaoping inscribed in his own handwriting the name of CUMT(it appears on the cover of this brochure)which is a mark of great distinction in Chinese culture.On January 19, 1996, then President Jiang Zemin and vice-premier Wu Bangguo personally inspected the facilities for coal water mixture preparation technology on the Beijing campus.On May 18, 1999, Jiang Zemin wrote the inscription for CUMT’s 90th anniversary as “Be enterprising and innovative in exploration, be rigorous and meticulous in academic pursuits, and build the China University of Mining and Technology into a first-class university of science and technology in the field of energy resources.” On June 16, 1999, former premier Li Peng wrote a second inscription entitled “Develop the cause of energy resource science and education.Train outstanding talents for the new century.” Former vice-premier Li Lanqing visited the school on October 8, 1999, followed by Mrs.Chen Zhili, the State Councilor and former Minister of Education, who paid a visit in May 2002.After over 90 years’ growth, a multidisciplinary system has emerged at CUMT.The system focuses on mining engineering and gives priority to engineering

disciplines.At present, on the main campus in Xuzhou, there are 19 schools with 60 undergraduate programs.CUMT offers 50 additional doctoral programs and 100 master’s programs.CUMT now has 8 key disciplines rated by the Chinese government as national priorities in education, and 13 recognized as key on the

ministerial or provincial level.Schools hosting the 8 key disciplines are able to invite special professors both in China and from abroad to help with discipline development under the “Specially Engaged Professorship under the Yangtze River Scholar Award Project”.Post-doctoral research opportunities are also available in 11 fields.During the ninth “Five-year Plan” period in 1996-2000, the “211 Project” was implemented, and during that period, CUMT achieved remarkable success in 12 research projects highlighted by three theoretical and five technical achievements of international standing.The university continues to operate under the “211 Project” today.CUMT boasts a large and well-qualified staff.The main campus in Xuzhou hosts more than 3,000 staff with over 1,400 full-time academics, 230 professors and 333 associate professors.The university’s current academic staff includes 6 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and 172 supervisors for doctoral candidates.Among all the academic staff, one has received the first “China Young Scientist Award”, one has been nominated the prize of the “China Young Scientist Award”, 2 have won the first “Famous Teacher Award” for universities and colleges nationwide, one has received the “National Model Teacher Award”, 9 have obtained the “China Youth Award for Excellence in Science and Technology”, one has received the title of “National Excellent Worker for Scientific and Technological Advancement”, 10 have possessed state-level titles as the “Outstanding Young and Middle Aged Experts”, 7 have been listed among the first and second level candidates for the “Millions of Talents Projects”, 9 have been listed among the “New Century Outstanding Talent Training Program”, 9 have obtained awards from the China Outstanding Youth Science Fund, 3 have been listed among candidates for the Eighth China Youth

Award for Excellence in Science and Technology.Additionally, 200 academics have received various state or ministerial-level honorary academic titles.CUMT, with a history of nearly 100 years, has always focused on

student-centered education, and the quality of student education has continued to improve.Since its inception, CUMT has produced more than 100,000 graduates, among which 10 are top-level academicians in the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Engineering, and 20 are ministers and provincial governors.Among CUMT’s

graduates are a large number of successful entrepreneurs, technicians and engineers who have excelled in their fields.Since China’s reform and opening up policy was adopted in 1978, CUMT has received 13 state-level awards for excellence in teaching quality, 9 state-level prizes for excellence in textbook publication, 52 ministerial and provincial-level awards for excellence in teaching achievements, 45 ministerial and provincial-level awards for excellence in textbooks or monographs.Three courses have won state-level awards for excellence, and seven have won provincial-level

awards.Seven papers have received prizes in the State Competition of One Hundred Excellent Doctoral Graduation Papers.Two post-doctoral fellows have won the title of “China Ten Excellent Post-doctoral Fellows” in 2000 and 2001 respectively.In the first State Competition of MBA Student Article Solicitation, CUMT students won the exclusive first prize.In university students’ academic and science competitions, CUMT students have won a series of titles, including the grand prize in the “Challenge Cup” University Student Extracurricular Scientific Achievements

Competition, the Zhou Peiyuan First Place Prize for the State Mechanics Competition, and honorable mentions in the First State Computer Science Competition and the State University Student Robot TV Competition.CUMT students have also won first prizes in both Chinese and international mathematical modeling competitions.At present, the total student population on the main campus in Xuzhou exceeds 40,000 people, of which over 25,000 are undergraduate students, 5,000 are candidates for master and doctoral degrees.There are also over 170 international students.Since its inception, CUMT has formed an excellent school spirit summarized in the motto “Diligence, Earnestness, Enterprise and Dedication,” and has also cultivated a glorious tradition emphasizing physical education.CUMT has developed a further “campus spirit” of studiousness, adherence to facts and creativity, hard work and efforts to improve.CUMT has produced numerous nationally competitive athletes.Since 1978, CUMT has broken over 80 records in many of China’s national collegiate games and won the “President Cup” three times, which is the greatest honor in

national collegiate competition.CUMT was also elected as the “Excellent University in Completing University Physical Education Requirements” many times over.CUMT is designated as a “Base of National Collegiate Track and Field Training” by the National Physical Education and Sports Committee, and has won many honorable titles such as “National Advanced Collective in Mass Physical Education”, “Excellent School in the National Physical Education and Sports Appraisal” and “National Advanced School in Extracurricular Training among Higher Learning Institutions”.CUMT has been committed to quality scientific research, and has achieved

abundant of high-level results, among which 31 have received three state-level awards and 431 have won provincial-level awards.The various indexes reflecting the overall academic level of CUMT are among the first rank in the entire country.Since the ninth “Five-Year Plan” period(1996-2000), CUMT has undertaken 7,115 research projects, of which 382 are national projects.In recent years, CUMT has strengthened international exchanges and

cooperation with partners throughout the world.Now it has established academic links with nearly 50 universities and research institutions, such as, the University of Nottingham of UK, the University of Duisburg-Essen of Germany, the Swinburne University of Technology of Australia, the Kentucky University of the United States and the Hanoi University of Mining and Geology of Vietnam, etc.Concurrently, the University has sponsored a number of international symposiums, resulting in vigorous academic exchanges with the outside world.CUMT features good facilities for teaching and research.The main library has holdings of over 1,950,000 volumes.The University has 2 national key laboratories, 1 national engineering research center, 1 state-level university science and technology park, 2 state-level and 9 ministerial-level key laboratories as well as 5

ministerial-level engineering research centers.In addition, it has a testing and analysis center, a rock mechanics and strata control center, a center for coal water mixture manufacturing and a long-wall coal caving center.Furthermore, CUMT has complete facilities for culture, sports and living.CUMT covers an area of 297 hectares with a floor space of 1,130,000 square meters(The Wenchang campus covers an area of 107 hectares with a floor space of 530,000 square meters.The newly-built Nanhu campus covers an area of 190 hectares with a floor space of 600,000 square meters.).Now, a modern university campus has emerged, with characteristics of efficient layout, complete infrastructure, stylish architecture, a state-of-the-art information network, picturesque settings and pleasant environs.For the new century, CUMT has set down an overall development strategy.In the next ten years, the university will give priority to science and engineering, while also endeavoring to ensure harmonious development with other disciplines such as liberal arts, management, law and economics.The university will also emphasize discipline development, student education, scientific research, and social service as well as school management.This will ensure that CUMT takes the lead in these aspects, so that the university will become a world leader in the field of mining engineering, with a clear advantage in and unique focus on energy sciences and technology.The university recognizes the need to make strides in a number of

interdisciplinary areas as well.Therefore, the mission of the University is to develop into a high-level multidisciplinary institution of both national and international standing, with a strong commitment to research.

第五篇：中国四大发明英文介绍

Hello everyone.Today I’m going to talk about the Four Great Inventions of the Ancient China.Do you know their name in English? If you don’t, let me introduce to you.Papermaking technology During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun summed up the experience of forefathers, began to improve papermaking technology.He used a lot of simple things and produced the ‘Cai Hou’ paper.This kind of paper is thin and can write easily.He made enormous contribution for China.It was produced to other countries after about 500 years.Typography Typography is a kind of printing.Before printing was invented, people had to record information by writing or other ways.But it always took a lot of time.Then Bi Sheng invented typography and improved the printing technology.It began to take less time and become easy to record information.It’s a great achievement in the history.Compass

It was invented in the Warring States.After people found that a magnet could give directions, the compass was invented.It was a magnet made into a shape of spoon.When it stops, the spoon can point to the south.Then, it was produced to Europe in the 13th century.Not everywhere has a lighthouse, so a compass is very useful for sailing.Even at a new place people will not lose their way with a compass.Gunpowder Gunpowder is also called black powder.It was invented in Tang Dynasty, about 9th century.It began to be used in military affairs and made great contribution for China.Guns, aircrafts could be invented afterwards.Papermaking technology, typography, compass and gunpowder are Four Great Inventions of the Ancient China.They have made great contributions for people all over the world.As a Chinese person, we should remember and be proud of them.That’s all for my duty.Thank you for listening.1.sum

sum up 总结 2.forefather

['fɔ:,fɑ:ðə] 前人 3.be produced to

传入

4.typography [tai'pɔgrəfi] 活字印刷术 5.compass ['kʌmpəs] 指南针 6.the Warring States 战国 7.magnet ['mægnit] 磁铁,磁石 8.Gunpowder ['gʌn,paudə] 火药 9.military affairs 军事