第一篇:清明节介绍
中国传统节日介绍——清明节
清明节是中国最重要的传统节日之一。它不仅是人们祭奠祖先、缅怀先人的节日,也是中华民族认祖归宗的纽带,更是一个远足踏青、亲近自然、催护新生的春季仪式。清明节古时也叫三月节,已有2500多年历史。公历四月五日前后为清明春秋战国时代,是中国汉族的节日,为中国二十四节气之一,时间约在每年的阳历4月5日前后。清明节后雨水增多,冬天的污浊,迎来春天的气息,实现由阴到阳的转化。
古有清明前一天为“寒食节”之说,相传起于春秋时期晋文公悼念介子推“割股充饥”一事,后逐渐清明寒食合而为一。唐代扫墓日期一般在寒食节,宋后移到清明。传说中“寒食节”的起源地就在山西中部介休,介休一名的来历即是为纪念介子推“割股充饥”而不图为报,最终在此被大火烧山而亡,绵山也因此又称“介山”。>>
花开,万物复苏,天清地明,正是春游踏青的好时节。踏青早在唐代就已开始,历代承袭成为习惯。踏青除了欣赏大自然的湖光山色、春光美景之外,还开展各种文娱活动,增添生活情趣。
古俗清明节流行扫墓,其实扫墓乃清明节前一天寒食节的内容,寒食相传“寒食上墓”。因寒食与清明相接,后来就逐渐传成清明扫墓了。明清时期,清明扫墓更为盛行。古时扫墓,孩子们还常要放风筝。有的风筝上安有竹笛,经风一吹能发出响声,犹
清明节还有许多失传的风俗,如古代曾长期流传的戴柳、射柳、打秋千等,据载,辽代风俗最重清明节,上至朝廷下至庶民百姓都以打秋千为乐,仕女云集,踏青之风也极盛。>>
清明节习俗清明节的习俗是丰富有趣的,除了讲究禁火、扫墓,还有踏青、荡秋千、蹴节日中既有祭扫新坟生别死离的悲酸泪,又有踏青游玩的欢笑声,是一个富有特色的节日。
荡秋千这是我国古代清明节习俗。秋千,意即揪着皮绳而迁移。它的历史很古老,最早叫千秋,后为了避忌讳,改为秋千。古时的秋千多用树桠枝为架,再栓上彩带做成。后来逐步发展为用两根绳索加上踏板的秋千。打秋千不仅可以增进健康,而且可以培养勇敢精神,至今为人们特别是儿童所喜爱。
蹴鞠鞠是一种皮球,球皮用皮革做成,球内用毛塞紧。蹴鞠,就是用足去踢球。这是古代清明节时人们喜爱的一种游戏。相传是黄帝发明的,最初目的是用来训练武士。
踏青又叫春游。古时叫探春、寻春等。三月清明,春回大地,自然界到处呈现一派生机勃勃的景象,正是郊游的大好时光。我国民间长期保持着清明踏青的习惯。
植树清明前后,春阳照临,春雨飞洒,种植树苗成活率高,成长快。因此,自古以来,我国就有清明植树的习惯。有人还把清明节叫作“植树节”。植树风俗一直流传至今。1979年,人大常委会规定,每年三月十二日为我国植树节。这对动员全国各族人民积极开展绿化祖国活动,有着十分重要的意义。放风筝也是清明时节人们所喜爱的活动。每逢清明时节,人们不仅白天放,夜间也放。夜里在风筝下或风稳拉线上挂上一串串彩色的小灯笼,象闪烁的明星,被称为“神灯”。过去,有的人把风筝放上蓝天后,便剪断牵线,任凭清风把它们送往天涯海角,据说这样能除病消灾,给自己带来好运。
扫墓清明扫墓,谓之对祖先的“思时之敬”。其习俗由来已久。明《帝京景物略》载:“三月清明日,男女扫墓,担提尊榼,轿马后挂楮锭,粲粲然满道也。拜者、酹者、哭者、为墓除草添土者,焚楮锭次,以纸钱置坟头。望中无纸钱,则孤坟矣。哭罢,不归也,趋芳树,择园圃,列坐尽醉。”其实,扫墓在秦以前就有了,但不一定是在清明之际,清明扫墓则是秦以后的事。到唐朝才开始盛行。《清通礼》云:“岁,寒食及霜降节,拜扫圹茔,届期素服诣墓,具酒馔及芟剪草木之器,周胝封树,剪除荆草,故称扫墓。”并相传至今。
第二篇:清明节介绍
清明节介绍
我国传统清明节大约始于周代,距今已有两千五百年的历史。
在古人的观念里,108是代表完满、吉祥、永久、高深的大数,把清明放在冬至后的第108天,是有很深的含义。清明的得名,不仅源于万物此时的生长清洁明净,也源于这一时期的太阳也是清新的太阳,流转于这一时期天地之间的阳气。
清明节还有许多失传的风俗,如古代曾长期流传的戴柳、射柳、打秋千等,据载,辽代风俗最重清明节,上至朝廷下至庶民百姓都以打秋千为乐,仕女云集,踏青之风也极盛。人们在扫墓和踏青返家的路上,都愿采几朵野花戴在头上,顺手折几根柳条插在房前屋后。据说这种风俗是为了纪念“教民稼穑”的农民祖师——神农氏。后来逐渐发展成为纪念和希望长寿的愿望。戴柳习俗被淘汰,插柳却盛行起来,成为我国人民春季造林的植树节。
其实,寒食节的真正起源,是源于古代的钻木、求新火之制。古人因季节不同,用不同的树木钻火,有改季改火之俗。而每次改火之后,就要换取新火。新火未至,就禁止人们生火。这是当时的一件大事。《周礼〃秋官〃司煊氏》:“中春以木铎修火禁于国中。”可见当时是摇着木锋,在街上走,下令禁火。这司煊氏,也就是专管取火的小官。在禁火之时,人们就准备一些冷食,以供食用,这样慢慢就成了固定的风俗了。以后,才与介子推的传说相联系,成了寒食节,日期长达一个月。这毕竟不利于健康,以后便缩短日期,从七天、三天逐渐改为一天,唐之后便融合在清明节中了。
从这些意义上讲,清明既是节气,也是一个传统的节日。是寄托哀思的一个契机。各地青少们成群结队向烈士陵园献花致敬,或邀请革命先辈作报告,讲革命故事,或组织参观、旅行、访名胜、采标本,丰富了节日内容。
华英中学
初一四班
第三篇:清明节文化介绍
“清明节是中国最重要的传统节日之一。它不仅是人们祭奠祖先、缅怀先人的节日,也是中华民族认祖归宗的纽带,更是一个远足踏青、亲近自然、催护新生的春季仪式。”中国社科院民俗学博士施爱东说。
作为清明节重要节日内容的祭祀、踏青等习俗则主要来源于寒食节和上巳节。寒食节与古人对于自然的认识相关。在中国,寒食之后重生新火就是一种辞旧迎新的过渡仪式,透露的是季节交替的信息,象征着新季节、新希望、新生命、新循环的开始。后来则有了“感恩”意味,更强调对“过去”的怀念和感谢。
寒食禁火冷食祭墓,清明取新火踏青出游。唐代之前,寒食与清明是两个前后相继但主题不同的节日,前者怀旧悼亡,后者求新护生;一阴一阳,一息一生,二者有着密切的配合关系。禁火是为了出火,祭亡是为了佑生,这就是寒食与清明的内在文化关联。唐玄宗时,朝廷曾以政令的形式将民间扫墓的风俗固定在清明节前的寒食节,由于寒食与清明在时间上紧密相连,寒食节俗很早就与清明发生关联,扫墓也由寒食顺延到了清明。
入宋之后,清明和寒食逐渐合而为一,清明将寒食节中的祭祀习俗收归名下。同时,上巳节“上巳春嬉”的节俗也被合并到了清明节。到了明清以后,上巳节退出了节日系统,寒食节也已基本消亡。春季只剩一个清明节。
“清明节是几乎所有春季节日的综合与升华,清明节俗也就具有了更加丰富的文化内涵。”施爱东说。与其他传统大节不一样,清明节是融合了“节气”与“节俗”的综合节日。清明从节气上正排在春分之后,此时天气回暖,到处生机勃勃,人们远足踏青,亲近自然,可谓顺应天时,有助于吸纳大自然纯阳之气,驱散积郁寒气和抑郁心情,有益于身心健康。
唐代开始,寒食与清明并列放假,不同年号分别有四至七天的假期。宋代是生活日趋都市化的时代,也是民俗向娱乐方向发展的时代。为了让人们能够在清明扫墓、踏青,特地规定太学放假三日,武学放假一日。《清明上河图》描绘的就是当时盛世清明图景。
清明扫墓与踏青,本来是两个不同的文化主题,宋以后慢慢融为一体,并不断地被赋予肯定的文化意义。人们把祭祀先人与中华民族重视孝道、慎终追远的民族性格直接联系起来,认为清明节俗体现了中国人感恩、不忘本的道德意识。其文化意义类似西方感恩节。清明节祭祖扫墓、追念先人功德的活动,与中国文化深层的祖先崇拜、孝的文化之间有着深刻的关系,而这种文化正是中国社会几千年来得以和谐稳定发展的支柱,有助于在古人与今人、前人与后人之间建立和谐的代际关系,进而促进人与人、人与自然之间的和谐关系,这也是清明节具有强大生命力的民间根基。
施爱东介绍,随着生产力的发展和社会生活的演进,清明节较早出现了由神圣祭祀向世俗娱乐转化的趋向,清明祭墓成为踏青春游的假日时光。因柳树为春季应时嘉木,插柳与戴柳也是清明特有的风习时尚。民国时期,插柳日还曾一度成为“植树节”。但不管如何衍变,追悼与祭祀是中国人过清明的最重要内容。
“无论从起源还是从其流变中,我们可以归纳出清明节的两个象征意义,一是‘感恩纪念’,二是‘催护新生’。”
第四篇:清明节英文介绍
1、Qing Ming Jie(All Souls' Day/Tomb-Sweeping Day/Pure Brightness Day)
Qing Ming is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed.More important, it is a period to honour and to pay respect to one's deceased ancestors and family members.Because it reinforces the ethic of filial piety, Qing Ming is a major Chinese festival.Literally meaning “clear”(Qing)and “bright”(Ming), this Chinese festival falls in early spring, on the 106th day after the winter solstice.It is a “spring” festival, and it is an occasion for the whole family to leave the home and to sweep the graves of their forebears.Chinese being practical people this sweeping of the graves is given an extended period, that is, 10 days before and after Qing Ming day.Among some dialect groups a whole month is allocated.清明节是一个纪念祖先的节日。主要的纪念仪式是扫墓,扫墓是慎终追远、郭亲睦邻及行孝的具体表现;基于上述意义,清明节因此成为华人的重要节日。清明节是在仲春和暮春之交,也就是冬至后的106天。扫墓活动通常是在清明节的前十天或后十天。有些地域的人士的扫墓活动长达一个月。
2、ORIGIN(起源)
Qing Ming is popularly associated with Jie Zi Zhui, who lived in Shanxi province in 600 B.C.Legend has it that Jie saved his starving lord's life by serving a piece of his own leg.When the lord succeeded in becoming the ruler of a small principality, he invited his faithful follower to join him.However, Jie declined his invitation, preferring to lead a hermit's life with his mother in the mountains.Believing that he could force Jie out by burning the mountain, the lord ordered his men to set the forest on fire.To his consternation, Jie chose to remain where he was and was burnt to death.To commemorate Jie, the lord ordered all fires in every home to be put out on the anniversary of Jie's death.Thus began the “cold food feast”, a day when no food could be cooked since no fire could be lit.The “cold food” festival occurs on the eve of Qing Ming and is often considered as part of the Qing Ming festival.As time passes, the Qing Ming festival replaced the “cold food” festival.Whatever practice is observed,the basic observation of Qing Ming is to remember one's elders by making a special effort to visit their graves, ashes or ancestral tablets.To make the visit even more meaningful, some time should be spent to remind the younger members of the family of the lives and contributions of their ancestors, and the story of Jie Zi Zhui who choose death over capitulation.谈到清明节,有点历史知识的人,都会联想到历史人物介子椎。据历史记载,在两千多年以前的春秋时代,晋国公子重耳逃亡在外,生活艰苦,跟随他的介子椎不惜从自己的腿上割下一块肉让他充饥。后来,重耳回到晋国,作了国君(即晋文公,春秋五霸之一),大事封赏所有跟随他流亡在外的随从,惟独介子椎拒绝接受封赏,他带了母亲隐居绵山。
晋文公无计可施,只好放火烧山,他想,介子椎孝顺母亲,一定会带着老母出来。谁知这场大火却把介子椎母子烧死了。为了纪念介子椎,晋文公下令每年的这一天,禁止生火,家家户户只能吃生冷的食物,这就是寒食节的来源。
寒食节是在清明节的前一天,古人常把寒食节的活动延续到清明,久而久之,清明取代了寒食节。拜介子椎的习俗也变成了清明扫墓的习俗了。无论以何种形式纪念,为了使纪念祖先的仪式更有意义,我们应该让年轻一代的家庭成员了解先人过去的奋斗历史,当然,还要学习介子椎宁死不屈的气节。
3、每年的公历四月五日前后为清明节,是二十四节气之一。今年的清明节是4月4日。在二十四个节气中,既是节气又是节日的只有清明。清明节是我国传统节日,也是最重要的祭祀节日。按照旧的习俗,祭祀(扫墓)时,人们要携带酒食果品、纸钱等物品到墓地,将食物供祭在亲人墓前,再将纸钱焚化,为坟墓培上新土,折几枝嫩绿的新枝插在坟上,然后叩头行礼祭拜,最后吃掉酒食回家。
清明节,又叫踏青节,正是春光明媚草木吐绿的时节,也正是人们春游的好时候,所以古人有清明踏青,并开展一系列体育活动的的习俗。直到今天,清明节祭拜祖先,悼念已逝的亲人的习俗仍很盛行。
Celebrated two weeks after the vernal equinox, Tomb Sweeping Day is one of the few traditional Chinese holidays that follows the solar calendar--typically falling on April 4, 5, or 6.Its Chinese name “Qing Ming” literally means “Clear Brightness,” hinting at its importance as a celebration of Spring.Similar to the spring festivals of other cultures, Tomb Sweeping Day celebrates the rebirth of nature, while marking the beginning of the planting season and other outdoor activities.Qing Ming Jiein Ancient Times
An old man takes one last look before leaving the City Cemetery at Biandanshan of Wuhan, Central China's Hubei Province.In ancient times, people celebrated Qing Ming Jie with dancing, singing, picnics, and kite flying.Colored boiled eggs would be broken to symbolize the opening of life.In the capital, the Emperor would plant trees on the palace grounds to celebrate the renewing nature of spring.In the villages, young men and women would court each other.The Tomb Sweeping Day as Celebrated Today
With the passing of time, this celebration of life became a day to the honor past ancestors.Following folk religion, the Chinese believed that the spirits of deceased ancestors looked after the family.Sacrifices of food and spirit money could keep them happy, and the family would prosper through good harvests and more children.Today, Chinese visit their family graves to tend to any underbrush that has grown.Weeds are pulled, and dirt swept away, and the family will set out offerings of food and spirit money.Unlike the sacrifices at a family's home altar, the offerings at the tomb usually consist of dry, bland food.One theory is that since any number of ghosts rome around a grave area, the less appealing food will be consumed by the ancestors, and not be plundered by strangers.清明节在川东地区还有清明粑这种食物 清明粑,是川东地区在清明节所实用的传统小吃。皮为糯米面加上一种叫清明菜的野菜,包上野葱、榨菜和腊肉丁炒熟做成的馅,上笼屉蒸熟以后即可食用。
因为制作这种小吃的主要配料清明菜是一种野生植物,只有在清明前后这一段时间才鲜嫩可吃。清明菜生在野地,长三四寸高就开出小黄花,茎叶生细百绒毛,因此看上去灰绿灰绿的。
第五篇:清明节英语介绍
清明节
清明节是我国传统节日,也是最重要的祭祀节日,是祭祖和扫墓的日子。
清明节是24节气之一,预示着春耕的好时节已经到了。清明节又叫踏青节,因为一般在四月5日左右,正是中国的春天,人们喜欢郊游踏青,还喜欢在清明节放风筝。
Qingming Festival/Tomb sweeping day
Tomb Sweeping Day is traditional festival of China, is also the most important sacrifice festival, on that day, people worships ancestors and visits grave.People pay respects to somebody at his tomb.It is one of the 24 solar terms, means that it’s good time for spring ploughing.Tomb Sweeping Day falls around April fifth, and it’s during the spring of China, so it is also called “hiking day”.People go to the suburbs for an outing in spring.People love to fly kites during the Qingming Festival
Ching Ming
The Ching Ming festival is celebrated in April and is known as “Remembrance of Ancestors Day”.This day is devoted to honouring relatives who died.Thousands of Chinese visit cemeteries to clean the graves of their loved ones.The Chinese hold great respect for their ancestors and the young are taught to pray to, and for, the family spirits.Young people accompany their parents to the gravesite and help in the cleaning process.The “willow” is regarded as the symbol of light and enemy of darkness in Chinese culture.On Ching Ming, willow twigs and branches are hung in doorways to ward off the evil spirits.It is believed that if you don't hang the willow, you will appear as yellow dog in your next life!