高英英语第二册 名词解释

第一篇：高英英语第二册 名词解释

George Orwell was the pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair(1903-50), an English writer who at one time served with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma.Marrakech is a major city in the northwest African nation of Morocco.It is the fourth largest city in the country after Casablanca, Fes and Rabat, and is the capital of the mid-southwestern economic region of

Marrakesh-Tensift-El Haouz

Moorish: Moors, mixed Arabs and Berbers, and inhabitants of Morocco.They set up a Moorish empire from the end of the 8th century to the 12th century: by 12th century the empire included North Africa to the borders of Egypt, as well as Mohammedan Spain

Distressed Area: area where there is widespread unemployment, poverty, etc., a slum area

Foreign Legionnaires: France organized a foreign legion shortly after the conquest of Algiers in 1830, enlisting recruits who were not French subjects.Spain had a foreign legion, up till the revolution in Morocco, and Holland in the Dutch East Indies.The Norman Conquest:In 1066, at the battle of Hastings, the English was defeated by French-speaking Normans under Duke William, who was crowned as King of England.the King's English supposedly correct or standard English(especially British English)as to grammar and

pronunciation: so called from the notion of royal sanction.When the ruling monarch is a queen, it is called “the Queen’s English

Utopia : is generally defined as a place of ideal perfection in all aspects of existence.All is good and no evil a perfect, ideal society, where people seem to live in a very perfect way of life.It’s ideal but impractical..the lost generation were applied to the disillusioned young intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following the First World War, who rebelled against former ideals and values, but could replace them only bydespair or a cynical hedonism

Beat Generation；appeared after WWII in the US.a term applied to a group of American artists and writers, esp.poets whose work became particularly popular in the late 1950s.Bohemianism：The practice of an unconventional lifestyle, often in the company of like-minded people, with few permanent ties, involving musical, artistic, or literary pursuits.In this context, Bohemians may be wanderers, adventurers, or vagabonds.Prohibition ：The forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes;specially in the U.S., the period(1920-1933)of prohibition by Federal Law.Puritan morality: extreme strictness in matters of morals.Strict Puritans even regarded drinking, gambling punishable offences

Speakeasy:(Americanism): a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally，esp.a place in the U．S．during Prohibition

flapper(Americanism): in the 1920s, a young woman considered to be bold and unconventional

drugstore cowboy(Americanism): a young man who hangs around drugstores and other public places trying to impress women

Bohemian: a person, esp.an artist, poet, unconventional in habits, dress, and sometimes in morals, material poverty because they prefer their art

The 1960s was a decade that began on 1 January 1960 and ended on 31 December 1969.The 1960s term also refers to an era more often called The Sixties, denoting the complex of inter-related cultural and political trends across the globe.This “cultural decade” is more loosely defined than the actual decade, beginning around 1963 and ending around 1974.The purpose of a political speech：to persuade、to explain、to convince people : to accept his point of view, to accept what he says so as to support him

the Civil War between the Northern(Federal)States and Southern(Confederate)States, which resulted in victory for the former and the abolition of slavery

cynicism: a scornful or pessimisticattitude;a general distrust of the integrity of other people

Floral Heights referring to Floral Park on Long Island, a residential suburb of New York.It has a commercial flower industry

Notes：

Distressed Area: area where there is widespread unemployment, poverty, etc., a slum area

Foreign Legionnaires: France organized a foreign legion shortly after the conquest of Algiers in 1830, enlisting recruits who were not French subjects.Spain had a foreign legion, up till the revolution in Morocco, and Holland in the Dutch East Indies

The Washington Post: an influential and highly respected U.S.newspaper with a national distribution

musketeers of Dumas: characters created by the French novelist, Alexandre Dumas(1802--1870)in his novel The Three Musketeers

descendants of convicts: in 1788 a penal settlement was established at Botany Bay, Australia by Britain.British convicts, sentenced to long term imprisonment, were often transported to this penal settlement.Regular settlers arrived in Australia about 1829.Saxon churls: a farm laborer or peasant in early England;a term used pejoratively by the Norman conquerors to mean an ill-bred, ignorant English peasant

Norman conquerors: the Normans, under William I, Duke of Normandy(former territory of N.France)conquered

England after defeating Harold, the English king, at the Battle of Hastings(1066).Angevins and Plantagenets: names of ruling Norman dynasties in England(1154--1399), sprung from Geoffrey, Count of Anjou(former province of W.France)

Elizabethans: people, especially writers, of the time of Queen Elizabeth I of England(1533--1603)Edward Morgan Forster(1879--1970), English author, one of the most important British novelists of the 20th century.Forster's fiction, conservative in form, is in the English tradition of the novel of manners.He explores the emotional and sensual deficiencies of the English middle class, developing his themes by means of irony, wit, and symbolism.Some of his well known novels are: Where Angels Fear to Tread;The Longest Journey;A Room with a View;Howard' s End;and A Passage to India.Paris Parlement: the “sovereign” or “superior” court of judicature under the ancien regime in France.It was later divided into several chambers.inaugural address: since 1937, Inauguration Day has been changed to Jan.20.On this day every four years the newly elected president of the United States faces the people for the first time, takes the presidential oath of office and delivers his inaugural address.solemn oath: the presidential oath, traditionally administered by the Chief Justice, is prescribed in Article II, section 1 of the Constitution of the United States.The oath runs as follows: “I do solemnly swear(or affirm)that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”

crash of the world economic structure: referring to the Great Depression in U.S.history, the severe economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U.S.stock-market crash of 1929.The American depression produced severe effects abroad, especially in Europe.Roosevelt: Theodore Roosevelt(1859-1919), 26th President of the United States(1901--09).He drew

considerable criticism for his glorification of military strength and his patriotic fervor.After the outbreak of World War I he attacked Wilson' s neutrality policy;and when the United States entered the war he pleaded vainly to be allowed to raise and command a volunteer force.fracas with Spain in 1898: the Spanish-American War(1898), a brief conflict between Spain and the United States arising out of Spanish policies in Cuba.It was, to a large degree, brought about by the efforts of U.S.expansionists.On May 7, a U.S.squadron under George Dewey sailed into the harbor of Manila, Philippine Islands, and in a few hours thoroughly defeated the Spanish fleet there.National Guard: U.S.militia.In peace time the National Guard is placed under state jurisdiction and can be used by governors to quell local disturbances.In times of war or other emergencies, the National Guard is absorbed into the active service of the United States and the President is commander-in-chief.Napoleonic cynicism: As conqueror, Napoleon cynically rearranged the whole map of Europe.The victorious allies of World War I did the same at Versailles.country club class: people rich enough to join the country clubs

Dutch Colonial home: spacious houses following the style of Dutch Colonial architecture

第二篇：英语高英翻译

1.我是七月10日星期三早上出发的。(start out)I started out on the morning of Wednesday the 10th ,July.2.给我送来了她去世的消息。

The news of his death was brought to me.3.我对于我们应该帮助他这一点毫不怀疑。(I had not the slightest doubt that)I had not the slightest doubt that we should help him.4.在这个场合我不知该说什么。

I don’t know what to say on this occasion.5.全部准备好了，只剩下沏茶这项工作了。(there only remain the task of)

Everything is ready, there only remain the task of making tea.6.我叫人通知说今晚有个会议。7.总统将于今晚9时发表演说。8.不久他回来了。9.他从北京匆匆赶来。

10.他来到我的房间，带来了详细的消息。11.军队迅猛向前前进。12.机场上停着许多飞机。13.所有的羊都被围拢了。14.我用了一整天读英文。15.我没有征求她的意见。

16.在这个问题上我们的想法是一致的。17.白天他和我在一起。

18.这是他对这件事情经过的记述。19.你可能对他感兴趣。20.他指望得到我们的同情。

21.我们下定决心全力以赴赢得这场战争。22.我的态度也一样。

23.晚饭时他又回到这个话题上。

24.我们只有一个目的，那就是摧毁希特勒。25.我要在会上替他说好话。26.早上我被电话吵醒。

27.我接到她的来信，大意是他不来了。28.他说过不论是什么事都不要吵醒他。29.晚饭时他也在座。30.我拖到8点才告诉他。31.演讲稿在11点才写好。

32.没有人比我更加始终如一的反对战争。33.他摆脱了农场的无休止的艰苦劳动。34.过去的这些错误从我记忆中消失了。35.他刚从北京来。

36.所有人都赞同这个决议。37.我们现在必须马上离开。

38.没有任何力量能使我们偏离目标。

39.我们将在陆地上、将在海上、在空中同他们作战。40.你将得到我们的帮助。

41.他这个人很好，但这些并不理所当然的意味着他很聪明。42.我们将呼吁我们在世界各地的梦游采取同样的政策。43.政府将奉行什么方针？

44.这是一场不分种族、信仰、党派的所有人都参加的战争。45.你大错特错了。

46.我们决定把人类从他的暴政中拯救出来。47.这些国家听人自己被各个击破。

48.通过联合行动她们本来可以拯救自己免遭这场灾难。49.他的贪欲驱使他进行这场冒险。

50.在他行动的背后有一个更深远的动机。51.他希望在冬季到来之前完成这一切。

第三篇：第二册古代汉语名词解释

名词解释：

1.《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集，收录周代诗歌305篇，分为风、雅、颂三类。风：15个部分，合称15国风；雅：大雅，小雅，共105篇；颂：周颂，鲁颂，商颂，共40篇。

2.韵母：指一个音节中除声母以外其他音素的总和，包括韵头。

韵：指主要元音和韵尾。

3.韵例：关于用韵的格律：什么地方用韵，什么地方不用韵和怎样用韵。

4.阴声韵：从母音收尾或者没有韵尾的韵母。

阳声韵：从鼻音收尾的韵母。

入声韵：以辅音[-p],[-t],[-k]等为韵尾的韵母。

叶韵：有些韵字如读古音，便与同诗其他韵脚不和，使攻读其他音以协调声韵。

5.三十六字母：中国传统音韵学概念，表示中古声母系统的36个代表字，唐末守温和尚原定30字母，宋人又增6个而成36字母。36字母反映的是唐宋时代共同标准的音声母系统。※三十六个字母是：见溪群疑，端透定泥，知彻澄娘，帮滂并明，非敷奉微，精清从心邪，照穿床审禅，影晓匣喻，来日。至于上古声母系统，据初步研究共有32个，拿36个字母来比较，有的要合并一些，有的要分出一些。

6.古无舌上音：指在上古声母系统中设有“知、徹、澄”这组舌上音声母，它们是从舌头音“端[t],透[t],定[d]”这组声母中分化出平韵。

7.古无轻舌音：指上古时期只有重唇音“帮”母，“谤”母，“并”母和“明”母，不存在轻唇音声母“非，敷，奉，微”。

8.双声叠韵：指两个字的韵相同，现代的韵母包括韵头、韵腹、韵尾、声调，而这里的“韵”与之有别：韵中要求韵腹、韵尾相同，而不区别韵头。

双声叠韵词大都用未描绘声色形状，古书注解常常用貌字来解释。

9.古今通假：古代汉语书面语言里同音或音近的字的通用和假借。

10.注：东汉以后对经典的注解。《文选注》→狭义；各种类型注解→广义。

11.疏：在注的基础上进一步作注，既解释正义也解释前人注解。

12.正义：解释经传而得其正义。

13.章句：离章析句，变曲支派。

14.集解：①选取各家注解中可取的地方，有时也会把自己的解释加进去；②为原书补充材料，或阐发原书思想。

第四篇：高电压名词解释

热游离：由气体的热状态引起的游离过程。巴申定律：当气体和电极材料一定时，气息的击穿电压是气体的相对密度和气隙D乘积的函数。

3自持放电：不需要外界游离因素，靠电场本身就能维持的放电。非自持放电：靠外界因素才能维持的放电。电晕放电：是极不均匀电场特有的一种自持放电形式.极性效应：对于电极形状不对称的不均匀电场气隙，如棒—板间隙，棒的极性不同时，间隙的起晕电压和击穿电压各不相同，这种现象叫做极性效应。统计时延：从电压达到Uo的瞬时起到间隙中形成第一个有效电子为止的时间 8放电时延：从第一个有效电子的瞬时起到间隙完全被击穿为止的时间。

9伏秒特性：对某一冲击电压波形，间隙的击穿电压和击穿时间的关系为伏秒特性。50%冲击放电电压：指多次施加某一波形和峰值一定的冲击电压波形时，间隙被击穿的概率为50%。

11累计效应：极不均匀电场中，当作用在固体介质上的电压为幅值较低或作用时间较短的冲击电压时，会在固体介质中形成局部或不完全击穿，这些不完全击穿施加一次击穿电压就向前延伸一步随着加压次数增加介质的击穿电压也随之下降。

12耐压试验：是指在绝缘上施加规定比工作电压高得多的试验电压，直接检验绝缘的耐受情况。

破坏性试验：耐压试验因所加的电压较高，可能是绝缘受到损伤，绝缘存在严重缺陷时还可能使绝缘发生击穿这类试验成为破坏性实验。

13非破坏性试验：绝缘特性试验因所加的电压较低，不会对绝缘造成损伤，故称为非破坏性试验。

14吸收比：是指被试品加压60秒时的绝缘电阻R与加压15秒的绝缘电阻R之比。15泄漏电流：被试品加较高直流电压时，其上所流过的电流。

16电容效应：因回路电流在漏抗上产生的电压降落后被试品上的电压方向相反，从而使被试品上的电压的大小高于电源电压的大小。

17地面落雷密度：指每个雷暴日每平方公里地面上的平均落雷次数。

18阀式避雷器的灭弧电压：指保证避雷器能够在工频续流第一次过零值时灭弧的条件下，允许加在避雷器上的最高工频电压。

19阀式避雷器的保护比：指避雷器的残压与灭弧电压之比。

氧化锌避雷器的额定电压：指避雷器两端之间允许施加的最大工频电压有效值。20感应雷过电压：是由雷击线路附近大地，由于电磁感应在导线上产生的过电压。21直击雷过电压：是指雷直接击中塔杆，壁雷线或导线引起的过电压。

22耐雷水平：雷击线路时线路绝缘不发生闪络的最大电流幅值。

23雷可以击跳闸率：被用作一个综合指标来衡量输电线路的防雷性能。

24建弧率：在线路冲击闪络的总次数中，可能转为稳定工频电弧的比例。

25操作过电压：所指的操作并非下移的开关倒闸操作，应理解为电网参数的突变，它可以因倒闸操作，也可以因故障而引起。

26内过电压倍数：它的父值大小与电网额定电压大致有一定比例关系，通常以系统的最高运行相电压幅值U为基准来计算过电压幅值的倍数K

27消弧线圈的补偿度：电感电流补偿电容电流的百分数称为消弧线圈的补偿度。

第五篇：高英读书笔记

A Tale of Two Cities

I bought the‘A Tale of Two Cities’ last summer holiday and then I just put it into my book collections and never tried to read it for the whole semester.Recently, I finished reading it---“A Tale of Two Cities” roughly.It is one of Dickens's most important representative works, but a tragic one, I think.Lost in the story, I felt like being together with the characters and the same exciting events.The story is set both in London and Paris at the time of the great French Revolution.It shows the causes of revolution and its effects on people's day-to-day life so impressively.The love story between Charles Darnay and Lucie Manette and their suffering experience is the tiny mirror that shows the real life of common people in France.“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way--in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative

degree of comparison only.”— A Tale of Two Cities , Dickens.We can easily admit that the writing talent of Dickens from this paragraph.The story begins like the above paragraph, and tells the chaotic setting.It augurs something uncommon is to happen.I appreciate this beginning very much.The beauty of language is expressed so successfully.The first time I read it, it arouses my interest at once.I really want to know what’s going on next.So it did not take me much time to read it over.Yes, it was the best of times and it was the worst of times, but for different people.For the King and aristocrats, they had a good time by taxing and ruling the people heavily and cruelly.As for the poor people, they had a miserable time.Even the land could not bare it and produced no good crops and thus people had nothing to hand over.What’s eviler was the aristocracy made their will as the law by using money and the power they have.There were no justice, no equality and no fairness, just like the following plot.It wrote in a period of darkness that a kind-hearted doctor was arrested and sent to the notorious prison Bastille because he delated the aristocrats, the Marquis St.Evremonde brothers for they killing a whole family only for an instant pleasure.How indifferent they are!Not until the revolution broke out and Bastille was captured that Dr.Manette was release.Then with broken heart, he and his daughter moved to England and got to know Charles Darnay there, with whom Lucie felt deeply in love.And Sydney

Carton, a young man who adored Lucie very much, was ready to die for her anywhere anytime.Eventually, he took Charles’s place to be arrested and died for love.It seemed kind of tragic.Although the King and many other aristocrats were sent to death, the situation had not been changed to much better.Because people at that time were out of their minds and they wanted to take revenge as much as possible.Once they belonged to the lowest class and suffered a lot.As the revolution happened, they’ve been changed into people that were full of evil in their hearts.I guess it is the hatred that ruled over their minds.So at the same time the prisoners were set free from Bastille, even more people were put into it, even though they did nothing guilty.At last, for the reason Charles was the son of the marquis, Charles was arrested.But Sydney Carton, a selfless man who wanted to do good for the couple, disguised as Charles and died for him.What a noble man he was!Although he died at last, he lasted forever in my heart.The novel has portrayed many different people.Doctor Manette is honest and kind but suffers the persecution actually.Lucie is beautiful and gentle.Charles is graceful and noble.Lorry is upright and honest.Sydney is semblance of indifferent, innermost feelings of warm.He is unconventional but also selfless and lofty.Miss Pross is straightforward and loyal.Evremonde brothers are cruel and sinister……The complex hatred is hard to solve，the cruel revenge has made more hatreds，loves

rebirth in the hell edge，but take the life as the price.All I saw there were two people died, having a tragic ending.Miss Pross was one of those women who thought nothing of their own needs and who, through pure love and admiration, are ready to make themselves slaves to youth when they have lost it, to beauty which they have never had, and to bright hopes that have never shone upon their own dark lives.As Mr.Lorry said, “there is nothing better in the world than the honest service of the heart”.Since Miss Pross had become like a mother to Lucie and would have given her life for her, she would do everything she could to keep Madame Defarge in the house so that the carriage carrying Lucie could run farther.Madame Defarge was a woman with a very keen eye, a strong face and a great calmness of manner.When the French Revolution broke out, it was her who led the woman and cut off the head of the governor of the prison.She had a strong, fearless and a kind of beauty that called attention to her qualities.Having grown up with a deep sense of wrong and a powerful hatred of the aristocracy, to her, Darnay's family must be destroyed, and the wife and child must follow the ending of the father, just like what she suffered when she was a child.Both were determined woman in their different ways.Hatred had made the heart of the Frenchwoman harder;love now filed the Englishwoman's with courage.It's very interesting to see that each

woman spoke in her own language and neither understood a word of what the other said while each knew well the other's intention.As a result of the combat, Madame Defarge died lying on ground and Miss Pross could hear nothing for the rest of her life.That's one tragedy in my heart.‘I see that I hold a sanctuary in their hearts, and in the hearts of their descendants, generations hence.I see her, an old woman, weeping for me on the anniversary of this day.I see her and her husband, their course done, lying side by side in their last earthly bed, and I know that each was not more honored and held sacred in the other's soul, than I was in the souls of both.’

`I see that child who lay upon her bosom and who bore my name, a man winning his way up in that path of life which once was mine.I see him winning it so well, that my name is made illustrious there by the light of his.I see the blots I threw upon it, faded away.I see him, foremost of just judges and honored men, bringing a boy of my name, with a forehead that I know and golden hair, to this place--then fair to look upon, with not a trace of this day's disfigurement--and I hear him tell the child my story, with a tender and a faltering voice.’

`It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done;it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.'

I was heavyhearted when reading what Sydney Carton said before he

died and I burst into tears finally.In such a background, sacrifice and blood was inevitable.However, blood could not wash away hatred, let alone took place of true love.The ending tells us to conquer evil with love.Equality and fairness were what people seek, which led to the French Revolution.As a consequence, neither equality nor fairness got after the revolution, and that's another tragedy of the history.