第一篇:医学英语talk show节目第二期
医学英语talk show节目第二期
Women Who Spend Time in the Sun May Age More Slowly
晒太阳能延缓妇女衰老
Women who spend more time in the sun may be biologically younger and age more slowly than the rest of their age group, a study has found.一项研究发现,花更多时间晒太阳的妇女和相应年龄组相比,生物学上更显年轻。
Researchers from King’s College London have discovered that women who have higher levels of vitamin D, which enters the body through sunshine, certain foods and nutritional supplementation tend to show signs of being “biologically younger” and healthier than others.来自伦敦国王学院的研究人员们已经发现,妇女通过光照,某些食物和营养的补充,体内维生素D处于较高水平,这将成为生物学上比其他人更加年轻健康的标志。
Lead researcher Brent Richards said that the study of 2,160 women aged between 18 and 79 showed that sunshine also could have an effect on age-related illnesses, such as heart disease.研究小组的主任Brent Richards说,对18至79岁的2126名妇女的研究发现光照对与衰老相关的疾病也有影响,如心脏病。
"These results are exciting because they demonstrate for the first time that people who have higher levels of vitamin D may age more slowly than people with lower levels of vitamin D,” Richards said.“This could help to explain how vitamin D has a proactive effect积极作用 on many aging related diseases, such as heart disease and cancer.”
“这些结果是让人兴奋的,因为他们首次证实了,维生素处于低水平相比于维生素处于高水平的妇女衰老更加缓慢,”Richards说到。“这可能有助于解释维生素D对衰老相关的许多疾病有怎么样的积极作用,比如心脏病和癌症.”
But co-author Tim Spector said that people should not think that being out in the sun all the time was healthy.但是共同作者Tim Spector说,人们不应该以为长时间光照有益健康的。
“Although it might sound absurd, it’s possible that the same sunshine which may increase our risk of skin cancer may also have a healthy effect on the aging process in general,” Spector said.虽然这种论断可能显得突兀,但光照能增加皮肤癌症的风险与其对衰老的健康影响并存。
The results of the higher serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer leukocyte telomer length in women.For the study, researchers measured the women’s telomeres, which were a sign of biological aging.生理年龄
高血清维生素D浓度的这一结论与白细胞调聚物的长度相关。至于这一研究,研究者们测定了妇女的调聚物的水平,该物质为妇女生理年龄的标志。
As people age, telomeres become shorter.But the scientists found that women with higher vitamin D levels tend to have longer telomeres.由于人们衰老,调聚物不断变短。但是科学家们发现高水平维生素D的妇女其体内调聚物更长。The study was published in the latest edition of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.这篇文章发表在《美国临床营养杂志》最近一期上。
第二篇:医学英语talkshow
医学英语talkshow
People in AIDS vaccine study to be warned of possible higher risk
AIDS疫苗研究志愿者可能感染HIV的风险更高
Nearly 3,000 volunteers who participated in a study of an experimental AIDS vaccine that may have
unexpectedly raised the risk of contracting HIV will be notified shortly whether they received the actual vaccine or a placebo.意想不到的是参与AIDS疫苗研究的近3000名志愿者可能感染HIV,并将尽快告知他们是接受的真正的疫苗还是安慰剂。
Leaders of the study, including representatives of vaccine manufacturer Merck & Co., the National Institutes of Health, and a network of doctors who enrolled the volunteers decided Monday to “un-blind” it after lengthy discussions in Seattle last week.上周研究的领导人,包括疫苗生产商Merck公司的代表,国家
健康协会和志愿医师网络在西雅图经过长时间讨论后决定于周一将本事件公之于众。
Because the early results of the trial showed that vaccinated volunteers might be at higher risk of
contracting HIV, there was a compelling ethical case to tell participants whether they were assigned the vaccine or placebo.However, by un-blinding the study, researchers will be limiting the scientific value of any data produced as they follow participants in the coming years.因为早期的实验结果表明已接种疫苗的志愿者可能感染HIV的风险更高,告诉志愿者是否注射的是疫苗,还是安慰剂是一项刻不容缓的伦理使命。然而,将事情的真相公之于众之后,研究者在对志愿者随访中获得的数据就没有什么科学价值了。
“It's very important that we follow up with the study volunteers,” said Dr.Susan Buchbinder, director of HIV Research for the San Francisco Department of Public
Health, and co-chair of the committee that set up the protocols for the trial.San Francisco公共卫生HIV研究的主管,实验设计委员会主席Buchbinder说:“研究者的随访对我们来说非常重要。”
One hundred thirty-seven of the trial participants live in the Bay Area.37%的受试者居住在海湾地区。
Although the study showed definitively that the
vaccine did not protect against HIV infection, the early trend showing increased risk among the vaccinated was not proven.So far, 49 of the 1,500 volunteers who received the vaccine have become infected, compared with 33 among a similarly sized group given a placebo.虽然最后的研究表明疫苗不能预防感染HIV,但是可能增加感染风险的早期趋势并没有得到证实。目前为止1500个接受疫苗者中有49人感染,而与之对应的安慰剂组中也有33人感染。
In addition, 21 of those infected in the vaccinated group also tested positive for prior exposure to a
common cold virus, which was used in hobbled form as a component of the vaccine.Only nine of those in the placebo group who showed prior exposure to the cold virus were infected.此外,注射疫苗组中的21个感染者在之前的普通冷病毒暴露实验中呈阳性,冷病毒是该疫苗的载体成分。安慰剂组冷病毒暴露实验阳性者中只有9人感染了HIV。
Buchbinder said researchers don't know why the vaccinated group had an apparently higher infection rate, but one possibility is simply chance-and that over time, the number of infections in both groups would level out.Buchbinder说研究者不知道为什么疫苗注射组的感染率较高,但是其中一种可能原因就是偶然性,并且随着时间的推移两组的感染率将会持平。
The San Francisco AIDS physician said she agrees with the decision to un-blind the study.“At the meeting in Seattle on Thursday, there was lots of opportunity for discussion among the investigators and the
community, and the vast majority were in favor of un-blinding,” she said.旧金山艾滋病中心的医生说,她同意揭晓研究的真相的决定。她说:“星期四在西雅图的会议上,研究者和公众讨论了多种可能方案,但是绝大多数人还是主张揭开事情的真相。
The alternative would have been to allow any participants to be told whether they received the vaccine if they asked to know, but many researchers concluded that there would be little extra information gained by this strategy of “voluntary un-blinding.” 这一抉择表示如果志愿者想知道自己是否注射了疫苗的话,研究者应该告知。但是很多研究者推断“告知志愿者”的决策使他们只能获得较少的信息。
第三篇:医学英语
He urinates more frequently than usual.(他小便比平时多。)
He has difficulty controlling his bladder.(他很难控制小便。)(bladder 是膀胱)
He has had burning or pain when he urinates.(他小便时感到发烫和疼痛。)
He is passing less urine than usual.(他小便比平时少。)
He has difficulty starting his urine flow.(他小便不畅通。)
He has trouble urinating.(他小便有困难。)
His both hands and feet ache all over.(他两手两脚都很酸痛。)
He has pain on the sole of his feet.(他脚底很痛。)
The pain in his left foot is accompanied by redness and swelling.(左脚酸痛,并有红肿。)The joints near his fingernails and knuckles look swollen.(指头和指节旁边的关节,似乎有肿大。)
His knee is misshapen or unable to move.(他的膝盖有点畸形,也不能动。)
There are some swellings in his armpit.(他的腋窝肿大。)
He is troubled with painful muscles and joints.(他的筋骨和关节都痛。)
She is troubled by the pains in the back and shoulders.(她的后背和肩膀都痛。)
His knee has been bothering him for some time.(他的膝盖不舒服,已有一段时间了。)Devil 睡眠不好:
He is sleeping poorly.(他睡不好)
He has difficulty in sleeping, inability to concentrate.(他不易入睡,也难集中精神。)It is usually hard for her to fall asleep when she goes to bed at night.(她晚上就寝,很难入睡。)
He wakes during the night or early morning and finds it ifficult to fall asleep again.(他晚间或清早醒来后,再也不能入睡。)
He has nightmares occasionally.(他有时做噩梦。)
(7)呼吸方面:
His breathing has become increasingly difficult.(他呼吸越来越困难。)
He has to breathe through his mouth.(他要用口呼吸。)
He is short of breath, even when he has not been exercising, he is breathless.(他喘气;即使不运动,他也是上气不接下气。)
His cough is more like wheezing.(他的咳嗽有呼哧呼哧的响声。)
His cough is dry, producing no phlegm.(他是干咳,没有痰。)
He has coughed up blood.(他咳嗽有血。)
His nose stuffed up when he had a cold.(他感冒时鼻子就不通。)
He coughs up a lot of phlegm(thick spit)on most days.(他多半时间咳出浓浓的痰。)
He has a feeling of tightness in the chest or a feeling that he is suffocating.(他胸部觉得闷闷的,好象透不过气来。)
Musical Note 口腔毛病:
He has a bloated, uncomfortable feeling after meal.(他饭后肚子觉得胀胀的,很不舒服。)或 He feels bloated after eating.He has bouts of abdominal pain.(他有一阵阵的肚痛。)
He feels bloated in his abdominal area.(他感到肚子胀胀的。)
(注:胀胀的,像「puff up」,但不是真正的肿「swell up」。)
The pain is mainly in the lower(upper)right part of the abdomen.(痛是在肚子下半部。)He has nausea and vomiting.(他有恶心和呕吐。)
It is difficult or painful for him to swallow.(他吞下食物时会痛。)
He has passed more gas than usual.(他放…比平常多。)
He has been constipated for a few days.(他便秘了好几天。)
He suffers pains when he moves his bowels.(他大便时很痛。)
He has some bleeding from his rectum.(他的肛门出血。)
He has noticed some blood in his bowel movements.(他发觉大便时有些血。)
His bowel movements are pale, greasy and foul smelling.(他大便呈灰白色,含油脂的恶臭。)或
His bowel movements are grey(or black)in color.(他的大便呈灰白色。)
He has trouble with diarrhea.(他拉肚子。)
He feels headache, nausea and vomiting.(他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。)
He is under the weather.(他不舒服,生病了。)
He began to feel unusually tired.(他感到反常的疲倦。)
He feels light-headed.(他觉得头晕。)
She has been shut-in for a few days.(她生病在家几天了。)
Her head is pounding.(她头痛。)
His symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, excessive fatigue, fever and chills.(他的症状包括没有食欲、体重减轻、非常疲倦、发烧和发冷。)
He feels exhausted or fatigued most of the time.(他大部份时间都觉得非常疲倦。)
He has been lacking in energy for some time.(他感到虚弱有段时间了。){ 枫下论
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He feels drowsy, dizzy and nauseated.(他觉得昏昏欲睡,头晕目眩和想吐。)
He feels as though everything around him is spinning.(他感到周围的东西都在打转。)He has noticed some loss of hearing.(他发觉听力差些。)
She has some pains and itching around her eyes.(她眼睛四周又痛又痒。)
(2)伤风感冒:
He has been coughing up rusty or greenish-yellow phlegm.(他咳嗽带有绿黄色的痰。)His eyes feel itchy and he has been sneezing.(他眼睛发痒,而且一直在打喷嚏。)
He has a fever, aching muscles and hacking cough.(他有发烧,筋骨酸痛和常常咳嗽。)(hacking = constant)
He coughed with sputum and feeling of malaise.(他咳嗽有浓痰,而且觉得很虚弱。)(malaise = debility)
He gets a cold with a deep hacking cough.(他伤风咳嗽。)
He has a headache, aching bones and joints.(他头痛,骨头、关节也痛。)
He has a persistent cough.(他不停地在咳。)或
He has bouts of uncontrollable coughing.(他一阵阵的咳嗽,难以控制。)
He has hoarse and has lost his voice sometimes.(他声音嘶哑,有时失声。)
He has a sore throat and a stuffy nose.(他嗓子疼痛而且鼻子不通。)
His breathing is harsh and wheezy.(他呼吸时,有气喘似的呼哧呼哧作响。)
He has a stabbing pain that comes on suddenly in one or both temples.(有时突然间太阳穴刺痛。)
He has a runny nose, sneezing or a scratchy throat.(他流鼻水,打喷嚏和喉咙沙哑。)
1. What can do for you?
你有什么事?
2.May I help you?
我能帮你什么忙?
8.Please take a seat!
please sit down!
请坐下.
4.Wait a moment,please.
请等一等.
5.Sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起让你久等了.
6.It is not serious.
病情不严重.
7.Don't worry.
There is nothing to worry about.不必顾虑。
8.You need a thorough examination.
你需要做一个全面检查.
9.You will have to stay in hospital for sevral days.
你需要在医院里住几夭.
We think that you had better be hospitalized
我们认为你最好住进医院来。
10. You should stay in bed for a few days.你需要卧床几天.
11. You can keep on working.
You can carry on with your work.可以继续工作。
12. You should be very careful for a week or two
这一两周内,你需要很注意。
13.Try to relax and keep calm.
尽量放松保持镇静。
14. You'll soon be all right.
你很快就会好起来的.
15. 1'm sure this medicine will help you a great deal.
这药对你肯定会很有效的.
16. Feeling well again is a rather slow process,I'm afraid.恐怕痊愈将是一个很慢的过程.
17. You will have to wait for twenty minutes.
你需要等20分钟.
18.Complete recovery will take a rather long time.
彻底恢复需要一段很长的时间。
29. There doesn't seem to be anything serious,but we'11 take an x-ray just to be certain. 不象有什么严重情况,但还是要拍张x线片肯定一下。
30. Please wait until we get the result of the x-ray(blood test).
请等一下,我们需要看一下X线片(验血)的结果。
31. It's difficult to say just now exactly what's wrong.现在还不好说是什么问题。
36. Your WBC(RBC,hemoglobin,urine stool,sputum)should be checked.
你的白细胞(红细胞,血红蛋白,尿,大便,痰)需要检查一下.
37. A smear should be taken.
需要做个涂片.A culture should be done.需要做个培养。
38. Please don't eat anything tomorrow morning before blood test.
明早查血以前不要吃东西。
39. Please wait for the result of your hemoglobin test.
请等一下你的血红蛋白化验结果.
40. What's your trouble?
你哪里觉着不好?
41. How long have you been feeling unwell?
你不舒服多久了。
42. What medicine did you take?
你吃的是什么药?
43.Have you taken any medicine?
你吃过什么药吗7
44.Did you take your temperature?
你试过体温吗?
45.Do you smoke(drink)?
你吸烟(喝酒)吗?
46. Have you any temperature(a cough,a bed headach)?
你发烧(咳嗽,剧烈的头痛)吗?
47.Have your ever had jaundice(low grade fever,any chronic ailments, cold sweats at night, attacks of asthma)?
你有过黄疸(发低烧,任何慢性病,夜间出冷汗,哮喘发作)吗?
48.Do you sufer from heartburn stomachaches(loose bowel movements,chest pains)? 你的胃有过烧心感(稀便,胸痛)吗?
49. Do your want to have your tooth extracted(tooth filled,dressing changed,blood pressure checked?
你要拔牙(补牙,换药,量血压)吗?
50.Let me examine you please.
我给你检查一下.
51.Please take off your shoes and lie down.
请脱鞋,躺下.
52,Please unbutton your shirt and loosen your belt.
请解开上衣的扣子,松开腰带.
53.Please take off your trousers.请脱下裤子.
54. Please lie on your back(stomach,right side,left side)。
请仰卧(俯卧,右侧卧,左侧卧)。
55.Please bend your knees.请屈膝.
56.pleare relax.
请放松.
57. Please breathe deeply(normally).
请深呼正常呼吸).
58. Please stick Out your tongue.请伸出舌头.
59.Please let me feel your pulse.让我摸摸你的脉搏。
60.Let me take your blood pressure
我给你量一下血压.
61.Pleas,lift your left leg(right leg)
请抬起你的左腿(右腿).
62. Please open your mouth and say “Ah”.请张开口说“啊”
63. It is normal(essentially normal).
结果正常(基本正常).
64.Have you ever received any treatment before?
你以前治过吗?
65. Has it gotten worse?
情况变坏了吗?
66.Has it happened before?
这种情况以前发生过吗?
67. Are you feeling better?
你觉着好一些吗?
68.Is the pain gentting less?
疼痛减轻些了吗?
69. Does it still hurt?
还疼吗?
70.How long have you had this pain?
你从什么时侯开始有这种痛的?
71. What kind of pain is it?
是什么样的痛?
72. Please tell me something of your past illnesses. 请告诉我你过去的病史。
第四篇:—“国际消费者权益日”专题节目第二期.doc
“XXXX”广播稿
(第二期)
—“国际消费者权益日”专题节目
A.亲爱的同学们
B.敬爱的老师们,大家好!
合:大家下午好!
A.伴随着熟悉的旋律,“XXXX”广播节目又和大家见面了。
B.同学们,你们知道今天是什么日子吗??
A.我知道,我知道!是国际消费者权益日!是第26个“3.15”消费者权益日。今天我们就来谈谈3月15日国际消费者权益日。
为了更好地开展消费者权益保护活动,1983年,国际消费者联盟组织决定将每年的3月15日作为“国际消费者权益日”。
从1983年以来,每年3月15日,全球各地的消费者组织都举行大规模的活动,宣传消费者的权利,显示消费者的强大力量。其中包括发布新闻公报、向公众介绍消费者组织的活动;告诉人们消费者组织将为保护消费者权益做哪些工作;通过报纸、刊物、电台和电视节目进行宣传,在学校发放宣传材料或消费者刊物。组织消费者权利的演说,努力提高消费者的保护意识。有的国家的消费者组织在这一天向公众征集“消费权益歌”,有的组织演讲比赛、保护消费者知识竞赛或进行“一年最严重的损害消费者利益事件”的评定活动;奖励为
保护消费者合法权益工作作出贡献的人;举办各种展览;举办消费教育讲座;有些国家的消费者组织还开展对保护消费者权益有关法律法规的执行情况检查;举行集会、演出、现场宣传咨询投诉和义务服 等活动。
A.中国消费者协会于1987年9月被国际消费者联盟组织接受为正式成员。从这一年开始,每年的3月15日,中国消费者协会及其地方各级协会也都要联合各有关部门共同举办大规模的宣传活动,运用各种方式介绍消费知识和有关法律知识,宣传消费者的权利;唤醒、提高消费者的自我保护意识;促进全社会都来关心、支持消费者合法权益保护工作。
B.说到3.15,必不可少的就是打击假货,现在假货到处都是,市场上的东西鱼目混珠,最常见的就是盗版光碟、假阿迪耐克等名鞋、假的LV包包、假烟酒、盗版书籍、假名牌化妆品等等,假货充斥这商品市场,让人防不胜防,往往就是利用我们消费者的贪便宜的心理。有些是山寨商品,这些是仿冒名牌的东西,有正规的生产厂家,虽然质量差点还是没什么大的危害;而有些真的是丧尽天良的黑心商家,不仅冒着人家的牌子,还连安全都没有保障呢,什么黑心棉、黑心奶粉、瘦肉精等等,这些大家深恶痛绝的东西,害了多少无辜的消费者啊!那些老板难道就不能扪心自问一下,让你们自己吃敢吃吗?
在追求利益的同时也不能坑害别人啊,晚上能睡好觉吗?真的应该重重处罚,杀鸡儆猴,看谁还敢!
A.除此之外,我们消费者也应该擦亮我们的火眼金睛,拒绝假货,并用法律的武器来维护自己的权益!
(插曲:播放音乐一首)
B.中国消费者协会今年3.15 宣传主题是“消费与民生”,就是要充分认识消费与民生之间相辅相成、相互促进的关系,强调以下重要涵义:一是强调消费需求是保持经济增长的恒久动力,是改善民生的重要途径。扩大内需,特别是增加居民消费需求是今后一个时期调整经济结构、提高经济发展质量效益和转变经济发展方式的重点,是促进经济社会科学发展的前提和保障,是改善民生、发展社会事业的重要内容。只有把经济发展的战略基点放在扩大内需上,以促进消费为重点调整优化经济结构,让消费真正启动和强劲起来,才能保持经济平稳较快发展,才能确保改善和保障民生目标的顺利实现。
A.二是强调改善民生是经济社会发展的根本目的,是制定消费政策的出发点和落脚点。经济社会的发展和建设与人民幸福安康息息相关。社会主义生产的最终目的是不断满足人民群众日益增长的物质文化需要,不断保障和改善民生。只有健全和完善各项惠及民生的消费政策,推进社会体制改革,扩大公共服务,努力实现全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居,才能使广大人民群
众分享到改革发展的各项成果,促进社会公平正义,保障和改善民生,推动和谐社会建设。
B.
三是强调消费维权是扩大消费需求的重要手段,是保障和改善民生的有力抓手。消费市场是信心市场,消费经济是信心经济。只有重视维护消费者的合法权益,才能有效提振消费信心,扩大消费需求,充分发挥消费对推进生产发展的能动作用,市场经济才更富公平正义,更富发展的活力和动力。保障和改善民生是落实以人为本理念的基本要求,是衡量消费维权工作成败的重要标准。只有坚持以人为本,从人民群众的根本利益出发,努力维护广大消费者的合法权益,坚决贯彻落实好党和国家制定的一系列有利于广大消费者生产生活条件改善的政策和措施,推进有关方面着力解决消费者最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题,才能扎实实现消费领域保障和改善民生的各项目标要求。
A.“消费与发展”年主题的主旨是:
B:同学们时间过得真快,今天的广播时间又到了,期望全校同学把你们身边的好人好事、助人为乐等优秀事迹,认真撰写,积极投稿,我们将竭力采用。
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撰稿人:陈锋、苏露媛、乐小庆
2011-3-12
第五篇:第二期英语培训工作汇报
第二期英语培训工作汇报
从统计结果来看,这7位能坚持参加培训和考核的学员,他们的英语水平或多或少有所提高,并且他们仍有对英语学习和培训的需求。平常邓嘉的培训出勤率很高,不过他没有参加本次考核。
本期英语培训效果没有达到预期的培训目标,个人分析可能有以下原因:
一:学员学习态度的问题。培训需求的提出来自于技术部,所以在第二期培训开展前,我有和技术部学员进行沟通了解,是否以配对分组或其他方式进行培训教学,结果受到了部分学员的抵触,并且当时我也有向文总汇报了这些情况。经过文总与他们的沟通,有些学员来上了1或2次课,有些学员从来都没参加培训。
英语是技术部岗位的基本技能要求,荷兰总部有此要求,并且我们也提供给他们这样的英语培训机会,但是部分学员却没有把培训当成提升自己的好机会,他们的理由是与自己学习的方法不同,或自己的英语水平较低,还有因为家里事情多没有时间参加培训。我觉得在这些理由中最大的问题还是学习态度的问题,每周不能够抽出4个小时强迫自己去系统的学习,那就更加难说在业余时间能多么认真的自学了。我认为作为基本岗位技能,英语不能正常沟通交流,这也是工作能力的表现,应该放入绩效考核中考核。
二:英语学习方法的问题。目前技术部人员的英语问题主要是:大部分人员的读写能力比较强,但是口语发音和听力水平普遍较差。例如姚平,他在职称英语A级考试(最高级),考得了95分左右的高分,但是他的口语发音问题很大,最初他讲完一大串英语后,老外不知道他所说。不过昨日有和Nico了解到他的口语有很大提高,沟通也基本没问题。所以最
初文总提出的培训目的是纠正口语发音和提高听力,老师在课程设计上是基础口语发音纠音和听力,但是这种学习方法受到了部分学员的排斥,他们想要的是那种情景英语学习,给一个场景让自己说。可是以这种方法教学的话就很能做到给他们及时纠音和纠正语法,结果自己所说还是错的语句,别人仍然听不懂。我有把为什么采用传统的基本教学法与他们沟通,部分学员能够接受,但有部分学员还是不能接受。
二:出勤率的监管不严的问题。本期英语培训过程中,因为我其他工作经常外出的原因,没能全程监督记录培训的出勤率,也放任了出勤懒散的现象。在今后所有的培训项目中,我将会把培训出勤记录工作安排好,促使培训目标更好地完成。
三 :培训方法的问题。昨日向Nico了解目前技术人员英语水平的状况,那些有认真参加培训的学员,英语水平的提高都比较明显。他对今后本部门英语培训也给出了2点建议。1,建议以小班的方式开课。这一点我也认同,因为向个别学员了解到他们在只有5个人上课的时候,感觉自己培训效果达到最好,老师有充足时间指出问题,也有更多的时间反复练习。2,建议外教授课。能够直接与纯正英语的外教学习和模仿英语,这可能对学员有更多的新鲜感和吸引力。我们想到是否可以尝试请Andre的未婚妻Dennise上课。