第一篇：四级音频讲解提纲
四级音频讲解内容简介
一、听力部分
1、题型特点及分重
⑴短对话和长对话
短对话：八道小题，占8%比重；
长对话：两篇七道小题，占7%比重；
⑵段落独白：三篇十道小题，占10%比重；
⑶复合式听写：八个单词填空（占4%比重）和三个句子（占6%比重）。
2、重点题目分析和解题技巧
⑴短对话：①预测选项；
②明确出题方式：同义替换（往往是正确答案），考查细节（要速记，要听清问题），转折（要听清转折后的内容）；
③具体可以参看星火听力解析。
⑵长对话：①“先纵后横”预测选项：纵向确定场景（工作、学习、生活及旅游）；横
向排除干扰选项，了解每道小题的内容。
②解题三原则：“开头原则”即第一道题一般在开头部分；“问答原则”即回答的内容往往是答案所在；“转折原则”即转折词后的内容为重要内容。
⑶段落独白：①出题方向：社会科学（国外人文风情、生活方式、历史传统）；自然科
学（新事物、新技术的研究成果及医学和跟人体健康相关的问题）。
②预测选项与上同。
③作答时注意出题点：开头原则；转折和因果原则；表达观点原则；时间
地点原则；列举原则；概括性选项比细节性选项正确率高原则。
⑷复合式听写：①单词部分：第一遍简写单词；第二遍听音辨词。
②长句部分：第一遍听懂文章，了解文章大意，写下一些关键词；第二
遍尽量用自己的话把句子写完整，但不要犯太多语法错误。
③第三遍整体检查。
3、整体规划和建议
⑴至少提早三个月准备考试，扩大词汇量。
⑵多看四级真题听力，总结规律。
⑶多做模拟题。
二、综合部分
1、完形填空
以2008年6月真题为例讲解相关考点：词义辨析（加强对同义词、形近意异词的辨析能力）；上下文逻辑关系辨析能力（加强连接词运用，包括表示并列、转折、因果和正反关系的连接词）。
2、翻译
以2008年6月真题为例讲解考查的侧重点（采分点）：常见短语和短语搭配；语法中的虚拟语气，比较结构及定语从句等。
第二篇：讲解提纲
世纪联合律师事务所
讲解提纲
讲解提纲
内容提要：
1、介绍基本出让程序，2、可行性分析，3、存在的风险、4、如何预防、5、与土地开发有关的问题
大家好，受贵公司委托，今天来给大家讲一下，土地出让的一些知识，希望能给大家带来帮助。贵公司现拥有鹿泉市上庄镇27.58亩国有土地使用权，土地用途为工业用地。该宗地附着建筑物，主要用于仓储。现公司想改变土地用途，将工业用地变性为住宅用地，解决本单位职工的住房困难。根据《招标拍卖挂牌出让国有建设用地使用权规定》第四条的规定：“工业、商业、旅游、娱乐和商品住宅等经营性用地以及同一宗地有两个以上意向用地者的，应当以招标、拍卖或者挂牌方式出让。”石家庄市人民政府石政办发（2010）27号文《关于进一步加强土地市场管理规范土地有偿使用手续的通知》第五条规定：“出让的工业、仓储、科研等用地改变为商业、旅游、娱乐和商品住宅等经营性用地的，由政府依法收购后采取招标拍卖挂牌方式公开出让。”因此本宗地应当由鹿泉市人民政府土地储备中心收储，然后采用挂牌出让的方式进行公开出让。下面围绕贵公司土地变性这件事，对土地变性的程序以及存在的风险及如何预防进行讲解，我把讲解内容分为五个部分, 第一、挂牌出让的基本程序，第二、可行性分析，第三、存在的风险、第四、如何预防、第五、与土地开发有关的问题。世纪联合律师事务所
讲解提纲
下面讲第一个问题，一、挂牌出让的基本程序
石家庄市现在进行土地出让一般采取挂牌出让方式，挂牌出让国有土地使用权，是由出让人通过发布挂牌公告，按公告规定的期限将拟出让宗地的交易条件在土地交易市场挂牌公告，接受竞买人的报价申请并更新挂牌价格，根据挂牌期限截止时的出价结果确定土地使用权人的土地使用权出让方式。贵公司土地变性要经过两个阶段，第一是土地收储阶段、第二是土地挂牌出让阶段。先讲第一阶段土地收储，基本程序是：
1、核实土地规划用途，本宗地变更为商品住宅用地必须符合土地利用总体规划、土地利用计划，否则不能变更为商品住宅用地。
2、提出土地收储申请：贵公司应准备相关文件、资料，向土地储备中心提出土地收储申请。
需准备资料有：土地证、房产证、营业执照、组织机构代码证、法定代表人身份证明、身份证、委托书、地块内供热供水供电情况说明、市政管线情况说明等
3、权属核查，土地储备中心审核证件资料，核实土地、房产的抵押、查封情况，进行现场勘查等
4、洽谈补偿价格、拟定收储合同：土地储备中心与贵公司对该宗土地商谈补偿价格，拟定收储合同。
世纪联合律师事务所
讲解提纲
5、签署合同，土地储备中心会审后与贵公司签订国有土地使用权收回合同，对烟草公司所使用的该宗土地进行补偿，收回国有土地使用权。
6、交地腾空，烟草公司在约定时间将土地交出，腾空所占有的土地。
7、申请规划条件，土地储备中心向建设规划部门申请容积率、绿化率等规划条件，制定规划文件。
8、土地储备中心把资料交土地交易市场准备挂牌出让。这是土地收储阶段所要进行的工作，接着进入第二个阶段，土地挂牌出让基本程序是：
（一）、公布挂牌信息
挂牌交易公告必须在交易前一个月在当地主要媒体刊播，内容应当包括挂牌期限、挂牌地点、报价时间、报价地点、竞买人范围、交易地块基本情况及规划要求（含地始价）、交易文件领取条件、竞买申请的办理、竞得人的确定等主要内容。
（二）、竞买人缴纳保证金参加竞买;
1、竞买申请人的竞买申请经出让人审核符合条件的，发给《竞买资格确认通知书》，成为正式竞买人。
2、挂牌出让活动实行“竞买报价员”资格登记制度，办理竞买申请手续时，有意竞买者应以授权委托书的形式确定一名“竞买报价员”，出让人在发放的《竞买人资格确认通知书》中予以登记。竞买人在挂牌期间的竞买报价、竞价申请和信息联络 世纪联合律师事务所
讲解提纲
等活动，以“竞买报价员”的签字为准。
（三）挂牌竞价
1、竞买人填写《挂牌竞买报价单》进行报价。
2、挂牌主持人收到《挂牌竞买报价单》后，按接收时间填写报价单提交时间，并对报价单予以审核，对符合规定的报价予以确认；
3、挂牌主持人确认该报价后，更新显示屏上挂牌价格，继续接受新的报价。
（四）挂牌截止
1、挂牌截止时间以后停止报价。
2、挂牌主持人宣布最高报价及其报价者，并询问竞买人是否愿意继续竞价。
3、有竞买人表示愿意继续竞价的，即属于挂牌截止时有两个竞买人要求报价的情形，挂牌主持人应当宣布挂牌出让转入现场竞价，并宣布现场竞价的时间和地点，通过现场竞价确定竞得人。
4、挂牌主持人连续三次报出最后挂牌价格，没有竞买人表示愿意继续竞价的，挂牌主持人宣布挂牌结束，并按下列规定确定挂牌结果：
（1）最高挂牌价格不低于底价的，挂牌主持人宣布挂牌成交，最高挂牌价格的出价人为竞得人；
（2）最高挂牌价格低于底价的，挂牌主持人宣布挂牌不成交。世纪联合律师事务所
讲解提纲
（3）在挂牌期限内无应价者或者竞买人的报价均低于底价或均不符合其他条件的，挂牌主持人宣布挂牌不成交。
（五）现场竞价
现场竞价由土地招标拍卖挂牌主持人主持进行，取得该宗地挂牌竞买资格的竞买人均可参加现场竞价。现场竞价按下列程序举行：
1、挂牌主持人应当宣布现场竞价的起始价、竞价规则和增价幅度，并宣布现场竞价开始。现场竞价的起始价为挂牌活动截止时的最高报价增加一个加价幅度后的价格。
2、参加现场竞价的竞买人应当按照竞价规则应价或报价。
3、挂牌主持人确认该竞买人应价或者报价后继续竞价。
4、挂牌主持人连续三次宣布同一应价或报价而没有人再应价或报价，且该价格不低于底价的，挂牌主持人宣布最高应价或报价者为竞得人。最高应价或报价低于底价的，挂牌主持人宣布现场竞价终止。
在现场竞价中无人参加竞买或无人加价的，以挂牌截止时出价最高者为竞得人，但低于挂牌底价者除外。
（六）签订《成交确认书》
确定竞得人后，出让人与竞得人当场签订《成交确认书》。竞得人拒绝签订《成交确认书》也不能对抗挂牌成交结果的法律效力。
（七）签订《国有土地使用权出让合同》 世纪联合律师事务所
讲解提纲
出让人与竞得人依据《成交确认书》中约定的时间、地点签订《国有土地使用权出让合同》。
（八）出让结果公布
土地局在国有建设用地使用权挂牌或拍卖会结束后10个工作日内，在土地有形市场或者指定的场所、网站，公布此次国有建设用地使用权挂牌出让结果。
（九）、竞买人竞得后，按照合同要求缴纳拆迁款，国土局负责拆迁;
（十）、拆迁完毕，缴纳土地出让金;
（十一）、竞买人竞得后，凭《国有土地使用权挂牌出让成交确认书》、《国有土地使用权出让合同》办理项目审批等有关手续。至此整个土地变性程序进行完毕，下面讲第二个问题，二、可行性分析（1）竟买主体资格
烟草公司具有法人资格，能够独立承担民事责任，具备相应的经济实力，不存在法律、法规禁止参加竟买的情况，可以参加土地竟买活动。
（2）竟买标的物的合法性
挂牌交易的地块符合土地利用总体规划、土地利用计划，能够进入土地一级市场进行土地挂牌交易。
（3）代理中介机构
本宗地变性由鹿泉市国土资源局组织实施，代理人熟悉其办 世纪联合律师事务所
讲解提纲
事程序、办事规则，与相关工作人员沟通无碍障，不存在影响竟拍活动的非正常因素。
这是土地出让的可行性分析，下面讲第三个问题，三、土地出让过程中存在的风险
1、土地回收风险
鹿泉市土地储备中心在回收国有工业用地使用权过程中发生的估价风险,回收时估价高，出让时出让金就高，烟草公司出的钱就多，回收时估价低，出让时出让金就低，就容易被其他人买走。
2、审批规划风险
挂牌交易的地块必须经过鹿泉市人民政府的批准，且符合本国有土地使用权出让计划。否则，不能进入挂牌交易程序。
3、竞买地块旁落风险
对于竞买人来说，在招拍挂出让土地过程中存在的主要风险是得不到竟买宗地，即竞买不成功。
4、竞价风险
其他竞买人参与竞价，竞买人虽得到了出让宗地，但价格偏高
5、地上附着物评估风险
地上附着物评估补偿价格的高低往往对竟买人和附着物所有权人产生较大的影响。土地回收时，对地上建筑物进行不进行评估作价，以及评估作价的高低，也是影响其他竞买人是否参与 世纪联合律师事务所
讲解提纲 的主要因素。
这些都是土地出让中存在的一些风险那么如何降低风险，确保竞买成功呢？这就是第四个问题，四、如何预防
为确保烟草公司以较低的价格通过挂牌交易程序得到竟标地块，我们保持与土地行政主管部门及房地产评估机构的灵活沟通，采用“技术手段”最大范围的降低竟买风险。
常见的技术手段有：
1、提高保证金缴纳数额。保证金缴纳数额可以是土地出让价格的10%-90%，提高保证金的缴纳数额可以排除其他资金实力不雄厚的竞买人的参加，减少竞争对手。
4、不允许联合竞买，目的是使资金实力不雄厚的公司排除，减少竞争对手。
7、土地成交后必须一次性付清土地出让金，再一次从资金实力方面减少竞买人的参加。
2、只有缴纳保证金后才能索取出让地块的详细资料，使更少的人了解出让地块的信息。
3、不允许自然人参加竞买，其目的是将恶意炒作土地的自然人拒之门外。
5、对于空置量大的房地产开发建设企业限制其参与竟买。国务院2003年18号文特别指出：“对空置量大的房地产开发建设企业，要限制其参加土地拍卖和新项目申报”。世纪联合律师事务所
讲解提纲
6、有拖欠地价款等不良记录的法人不允许参加竞买，8、有伪造公文、骗取用地犯罪行为记录的法人，不允许参加竟买。
9、存在非法转让土地使用权等违法行为的法人，不允许参加竟买。
10、造成土地闲置一年以上的法人，不允许参加竟买。
11、有违背出让合同约定条件开发利用土地行为的法人，不允许参加竟买。、有拖欠农民工工资等不良记录的法人，不允许参加竟买。
除设定以上限制条件外，还可以采取合理措施，确保竞买成功，主要有：
1、通过与建设规划部门，土地行政主管部门协商，针对贵公司的需求设定容积率、绿化率、公益用房等指标，限制房地产开发企业的参加。
2、土地储备中心回收贵公司国有工业用地使用权时，暂不对地上建筑物进行评估。待竞买成功后，再对地上附着物进行评估。
3、根据竞买人参加的情况，决定是否求助其他竞买人参加。以上方法仅是实际操作中的部分内容。由此，通过以上方式方法能最大限度降低竟买风险，确保贵公司以较低的价格竟买成功。世纪联合律师事务所
讲解提纲
在竞买成功后涉及到如何开发，如何办证的问题，这就是我要讲的第五个问题，五、与土地开发有关的问题
（一）烟草公司自建房还是由房地产开发企业开发建设？ 建议：烟草公司与房地产开发企业合作建房。理由如下：
1、烟草公司竞得土地后建房销售给职工，进行的是房地产的开发经营，必须要有具备房地产开发经营资质房地产开发企业参与进来，才能进行房地产开发经营。房地产开发涉及到许多相关行政部门和事业单位：土地局、规划局、建设局、房管局、环保局、城管局、自来水公司、燃气公司等，也涉及到很多专业：勘察、设计、土建、水暖、监理、测绘等，是个专业性比较高，综合性比较强的行业。由非专业人士来做，不利于房地产品质的提升。
烟草公司以土地使用权作资本与房地产开发企业合作建房，既可以发挥房地产开发企业的长处，又可以实现资本的保值、增值，合理规避法律上的禁止性规定。
（二）土地变性后，公产如何变为私产？
第一步：烟草公司以土地使用权为资本与房地产开发企业合作，双方签订合作建房协议，约定实物分割：一部分房产所有权归烟草公司；另一部分房产归房地产开发企业。这是联建各方最常见的分配方式，因为对房屋的约定是最简单、实用又便于操作。而对利润的分配不确定因素多，变数也大。世纪联合律师事务所
讲解提纲
第二步：团购和出售。为了今后生活小区管理上的便利，改善本单位职工的住房条件，归房地产开发企业的那部分房产，可以由烟草公司职工以低于市场的团购价格回购。归烟草公司的那部分房产也可以同样的团购价格出售给职工。通过出售转让，烟草公司收回土地出让金，单位职工得到房地产所有权，从而实现公产合法转化为私产，既不损害国家利益，也为单位职工谋取了福利。房地产开发企业节省了营销成本，可以相应降低团购价格，实现合作双方互利共赢。
以上围绕烟草公司土地招拍挂出让这件事，对土地招牌挂的一些程序以及存在的风险及如何预防及相关问题进行了讲解，不足之处请给予指正，谢谢大家！
根据双方在合作方式及组织形式的不同，联合开发房地产可以采取以下三种方式：
（一）组建新的法人。
根据《中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法》第二十七条的规定：“依法取得的土地使用权，可以依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，作价入股，合资、合作开发经营房地产”，从而确立了以土地使用权出资进行房地产合作开发的法律依据。由双方出资或提供土地依法成立项目公司，以项目公司的名义进行开 世纪联合律师事务所
讲解提纲
发，双方按照出资比例或通过合同约定承担风险、分享收益，这种以项目公司的方式开发相对而言可以减少纠纷发生的概率。
（二）组建联合管理机构。
即由合作双方各自派遣若干人员组成联合管理机构，其职责是协调双方在联合开发中发生的各种关系，对合作中的重大事项作出决策，具体运作、管理开发项目。联合管理机构与项目公司的最高区别在于它仅能作为内部的管理机构，并非独立民事主体，不具有缔结合同等民事权利能力，也不能独立对外承担民事责任。
（三）既不成立项目公司，也不成立联合机构，而是按照合同的约定各自独立履行义务、分享收益。这种方式主要用于相对简单的项目。
由合作双方完全通过合同来约定彼此在联合开发中的权利义务的，如合同一方明确只提供土地，另一方只是负责在该土地上完成一定的建筑任务的，且建筑方在完成建筑任务后将获得一定数量的房屋作为回报的，则此类合同为加工承揽与互易的混合合同，由双方对各自的行为独立承担责任。
第三篇：四级作文提纲练习
从3月25日开始，请大家准备一个“体面”的笔记本，最好能长期保存质量较好，每天用一页写一个写作(口语话题)提纲，第二天用第二页，每页留一些空白为了日后丰富、修改你的提纲。有时会是口语提纲，以便大家积累口语素材。我会看大家的笔记本。提纲以英文书写。四六级写作涉及到的话题类型有：1.辩论类，A好还是B好？你同意A还是同意B？你同意A吗？ 2.社会热点话题，比如excessive package, educations pays 3.日常生活，如饮食结构，生活作息 4.环境能源 5.学习工作 6.应用文，如书信广告等。
以下是这一个月的话题，大家每天花10-20分钟就可以积累很多素材，有的题目5分钟就能写出一个提纲，关键在于你思考过。这些话题也是将来你留学、找工作面试的素材。Mar.25 Can Money Buy Happiness？
Mar.26 Your views on “Operation Empty Plate”, an anti-food-waste campaign
Mar.27 My favourite book/movie(选一篇既是书又有电影的)
Mar.28 Students' mental health at risk(Doctors say the current generation of students has a greater risk of anxiety and depression than previous ones.)
Mar.29 My favourite sports activity
Mar.30 Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? How?
Mar.31 Your strengh and weaness.Apr.1 Your views on Academic plagiarism
Apr.2 Your opinions on knockoffs
Apr.3 Your opinions on Credibility online
Apr.4 sadvantges of piracy(software, books)
Apr.5 It pays to be honest
Apr.6 What do you fear of?(animal/height/scary movie,etc)
Apr.7 A New Lifestyle：Low Carbon
Apr.8 Your attitude towards fashion
Apr.9 Do you think it good to keep a pet?
Apr.10 should students take part in more Recreational Activities
Apr.11 What do you value most when you look for your spouse?
Apr.12 Is internet killing print?(Will print media be replaced by internet media)Apr.13 Will ebooks replace traditional books?
Apr.14 Is Spoken English test necessary?
Apr.15 Due Attention Should Be Given To the Study of Chinese
Apr.16 An unforgetable person and an unforgetable experience
Apr.17Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?
Apr.18Your opinions on Free Admission to museums/parks
Apr.19 Live on campus, live at home or rent an apartment?
Apr.20 Advantages/disadvantages of students holding part-time jobs
Apr.21Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?
Apr.22 Your favorite music style
Apr.23 Should we pay more attention to arts education?
Apr.24 Your views on traditional Chinese medicine
Apr.25 Advantages and disadvantages of overseas study.Apr.26 Your views on Gender Discrimination in the workplace
第四篇：英语四级写作技巧讲解1
英语四级作文突围:背诵是永恒的高分真经
一、语言第一位四、六级写作重点考查考生的英语表达能力。阅卷老师最重视的是语言，考生最需要提高的也是语言。有的同学以为使用一些高难词汇就能取得高分，其实不然。中英文写作都讲究“平淡如水”、“简洁就是美”、“绚烂之极，归于平淡”。美国作家海明威经常使用小学词汇，但他是诺贝尔文学奖的得主，可见语言的好坏不在词藻的华丽与否，而在于使用得是否得当。中学词汇用好了，完全可以取得各种英语写作考试的满分。当然基础较好的同学，恰当使用高难词汇有助于提高分数。但是不要盲目追求难度，“与其写一个错误的复杂句，不如写一个正确的简单句。”
四、六级写作话题、观点和字数都有严格限制，它只是一个展示你英语书面表达能力的平台。因此，考生应该把构思的时间减到最少，把主要精力放在推敲语言上，力争将语法、拼写、标点等低级错误降至最低，力求用词用句准确恰当，表达地道。这样，即便没有使用高难词汇和句型，也可以保证稳得及格分数。切记作文不是口语，语言永远第一，它决定了得分高下。
阅卷老师在语言方面主要从两个方面进行评判：
1.基本正确四、六级考生的最大问题不是写得太简单，而是严重错误太多。基础一般的同学即使使用小学或中学词汇和句型，只要使用得基本正确，也可以得到及格分数。考生最常犯的语言错误有三类：语法、拼写、标点。最常犯的语法错误包括：时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等。
2.丰富多变
基础较好的同学，要想取得四、六级写作高分，应做到丰富多变。
丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。
同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重复出现，应尽量使用同、近义词替换（无法替换的关键词除外）。例如：think可以替换为reckon, assume, argue等词。如果想不到同、近义词，可以使用上义词进行替换。此外，句型也应富于变化，不要拘泥于主谓宾句型，可以使用主系表、过去分词和现在分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句等多种句型。
四级作文如果量化成句数，只需写10句左右；六级只需12句左右。全文应以短句为主，长短句相结合。所谓短句是指10个词左右的句子，不能全篇都是5、6个词的短句。同时，全文应有一定数量的长句，一般15~20词即可，太长则易冗赘。有的同学以为只写长句不写短句，就能取得高分，实际上老师看长句会觉得很累，以为你不会写短句，通常不会给高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多个字，定然晦涩难懂，英文也不例外。精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调；复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。
二、高分真经
（一）背诵
背诵是提高英语综合能力的法宝，可分为以下5个层次：
（1）精彩词汇（2）精彩句型（3）精彩句子（4）万能框架（5）经典范文
注意句子和句型不一样，精彩句子应作为单词来记忆。背诵前，确保自己已充分理解所有内容。语言学习有两个关键词——输入（INPUT）和输出（OUTPUT）。听力和阅读属于输入，考生处于被动状态，只需在考场上将听到和看到的东西弄懂。应对这种题目的技巧很多，容易在短期内提高。但口语和写作属于输出，考生必须变被动为主动，这很难在短期内突破。没有大量的输入，很难进行自由输出。
英语四级和六级写作需要在30分钟内完成一篇短文，共计120或150余字，很多同学叫苦不迭。但若将其改为中文作文，大家就会觉得易如反掌。原因何在？俗话说：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也能吟。”同学们从小到大背诵了大量中文佳作，可以随意组合，自由输出。然而，在英语学习中，多数同学只沉溺于背单词、抠语法、做阅读，很少有人背诵英文文章。正因为没有大量输入，写作才始终处于“挤牙膏”状态，想一句说一句，说一句翻译一句。
提高英语写作要多读、多背、多写、多改。多读、多背是首要任务，是积累输入的关键。考生应大量积累经典英文句型、表达和范文，平时勤于背诵。有的同学问，说自己背过很多英文文章，但上了考场还是大脑一片空白，什么都想不起来。这种情况很常见，主要有两个原因：一是没有进行造句的工作，只是盲目背诵。二是背得不够熟练。学习任何东西都讲究先求质，再求量。大家英语学了很多年，文章看了很多，为什么写作还是学不好？关键是量铺开了，但质没有上去。一篇文章应背到脱口而出的程度，如果还需要过脑子，就证明背得不够熟练。一知半解，背得再多也是徒劳。
（二）默写
背完经典范文后，进行默写。然后对照原文纠错，搞清楚错在什么地方。多数同学在写的时候都会犯小错误，如拼写、单复数、大小写等。这些就是你在写作中的弱点，也是阅卷老师最不能容忍的地方。培根说过：“Writing makes an exact man.”（写作使人精确。）只有默写下来你才会发现自己常犯哪些错误。
（三）中译英
中译英也是提高写作的好方法。根据范文的中文译文，将其按自己的理解译成英文。译完后，你就会发现自己的翻译和原文有很大差距，这些差距就是取得写作高分的关键。这时，对照范文，看看原作者是怎么写的，思考为什么这么写。同样的一句中文，范文中使用了哪些词汇和句型？你使用了哪些词汇和句型？学习范文使用不同的词汇和句型。通过不断练习，你的写作水平不知不觉就提高了。
（四）写作
模仿范文写作新的文章，套用范文的精彩词汇、句型、句子和框架。最初套用时可能比较生硬，但随着不断的积累，组合起来会越来越顺手。
上述的高分策略是提高四、六级英语写作水平最有效的方法。在练习写作的初始阶段, 可勤查语法书和字典等工具书, 背记常用词和短语, 以扩大词汇量, 拓展知识面。背单词时要深刻理解所背词语的内在含义, 并了解其使用环境。备考时，熟记一些过渡词、句型和范文，并进行仿写。考试时，使用学习过的、熟悉而有把握的词汇和句型，没有把握的句子，尽量采取“回避政策”，切忌自编自造汉语式的英语词组和句型。
第五篇：四级高分作文讲座提纲
四级高分作文讲座提纲
一、考官兴奋点。
A.词汇：书面性，丰富性。
B.句型：简单句与高级复杂从句，7+5式
C.结构：结构：议论，书信，图表，夹叙夹议，复合题型。
D.形式：书写，内容vs形式，段落。
二、对症下药，讲座安排。
第一讲：40难词，八大难句融会贯通。
中文思路确立，英文转换。
第二讲：议论文四大模式串讲。
第三讲：应用文，夹叙夹议复合题型串讲。精改作业，常见错误矫正。
三、40难词，八大难句融会贯通。
1.people: college students and the residents of Tianjin
city dwellers and countryside residents
2.think: believe, suppose, claim, hold the point of view that, draw the conclusion that
3.now: at present, currently
4.because: mainly result from, be caused by
5.but: however, while, nevertheless, on the contrary
6.decide: make up one’s mind, make the decision that,7.example: for instance, be a case to the point
8.problem: phenomenon, issue, situation, trend
9.important: crucial, significant, vital
10.reason: contributing factor, cause
11.good: helpful, constructive, beneficial
12.many: considerable, various, diverse, miscellaneous, sufficient.13.young: adolescent, teenager
14.old:adult, aged.15.small: micro, ordinary
16.big: serious, extraordinary
17.famous: well-known, good reputation, eminent, prominent.18.thank: appreciate, be grateful to
19.last: ultimately, in the end
20.bad: harmful, awful.学以致用：Smoking is bad for your health.At last, we succeeded.I thank her for the help she gave to me.It is a small problem.Your idea is good.But, I don’t agree.Now, English is becoming more and more important.八大句型妙笔生花：
实例：P179 Is Pressure a Bad Thing?
第一段：Pressure is everywhere.And it’s becoming more serious than before.For instance, studentsAre facing pressure from exams, workers are facing pressure from work.修正版：There is currently an idea which is accepted by all the college students and city dwellers that pressure is everywhere.It is reported that students are facing pressure from various examinations and workers are facing pressure caused by the fierce competition.开篇句型：
1、定语从句：
There is an idea which is widely accepted by all the citizens of our country that 2008 Olympic games is a big chance for China.With the development of society, English which is the language of the internet has become more and more important.2、形式主语。
It is reported/estimated that more than 40% per cent of the college students are interested in getting a driving license.It is a wonder that at least a few children survive their schooling and emerge as people who can think, people who are open-minded and knowledgeable.It enables us to make friends from all over the world.第二段：People’s attitudes are different to pressure.Some think it is good.Others think it is bad.修正版：People in different occupations hold different points of view to pressure.Some of them draw the conclusion that it is beneficial to us.For instance, pressure in work can improve efficiency.Nevertheless, others claim that it is harmful to us.A case to the point is that some students even committed suicides under heavy examination pressure.With the competition becoming more and more fierce, the above situation is becoming increasingly serious.发展句型：
3、现在分词
With the government and mass media paying more attention to the problem mentioned above, it will be solved in the near future.Spending all their time working to a rigid curriculum, the passing of examinations by their pupils gradually became the whole object of their working life.第三段：I think it is good sometimes but it is bad also.We should look at it differently.修正版：As far as I am concerned, I believe pressure brings us both advantages and disadvantages.Consequently, not only should we notice its harm, but also we should pay attention to its benefits.Thus, it is advisable that we should deal with it according to different situation.结论句型：
4、虚拟倒装
Had people paid more attention to the above issue before, the present situation would not be so serious.Not only should we be able to read and write English, but also we should be able to listen and speak English.Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.句型学习：
5、双重否定
The importance/negative impact of environmental pollution should not be neglected.6、虚拟强调句
It is high time that we began to prepare for our bright future.7、复杂被动语态
In China, all the college students are required to pass CET-4.8、并列平行结构。
Everyone should know where the fire alarm box is located and where the fire exits, fire escapes and fire doors are.9、插入语结构。
During the rest of this century, as never before, the history will be the study of population.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers.10、特别连词
Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater.四大构段方式总结：因果，比较，举例，数据。
中文思路构建：例题。P178 Beijing and the 2008 Olympic Games.第一段：申办奥运成功后的北京变化很大。人们更加热衷于体育运动。而且，更多人开始学习英语了。北京开始向一个国际化城市转变。
八大句型转换：Beijing changed a lot after bidding 2008 Olympic Games.定语从句
1.Beijing, which is the capital of China, changed a lot after bidding 2008 Olympic Games.2.Beijing, which is a well-known city in the world, changed a lot after bidding 2008 Olympic Games.3.Beijing changed a lot after bidding 2008 Olympic Games, which will be participated in by various countries.现在分词
1.With the government and mass media paying more attention to the problem, Beijing changed a lot after bidding 2008 Olympic Games.2.With the leader and our countrymen working hard, Beijing changed a lot after bidding the 2008 Olympic Games.形式主语
1.It is reported that Beijing changed a lot after bidding 2008 Olympic Games.2.It is a good news that Beijing changed a lot after bidding 2008 Olympic Games.虚拟强调句
1.It is high time that Beijing changed a lot after bidding 2008 Olympic Games.插入语结构
2.Beijing, as never before, chaged a lot after bidding 2008 Olympic Games.People are more interested in sports.分析结果
People are more interested in sports because it is beneficial to our health.连词，举例子
What is more, increasingly more people are studying English, especially college students and the residents of Beijing.Beijing is becoming an international city.第一段
Beijing, which is the capital of China, changed a lot after bidding 2008 Olympic Games.People are more interested in sports because it is beneficial to our health.What is more, increasingly more people are studying English, especially college students and the residents of Beijing.It is high time that Beijing became an international city.第二段：
Beijing dwellers are preparing for the Olympic Games.1.It is reported that Beijing dwellers are preparing for the Olympic Games.2.With the government and mass media paying more attention to the problem, Beijing dwellers are preparing for the Olympic Games.They are building bridges and mansions.1.Not only are they building bridges, but also they are constructing mansions.2.Given the benefits of the Olympic Games, They are building bridges andmansions.They are more polite to their guests.1.In addition, they are more polite to their guests from every country.2.Moreover, they are more polite to their friends who are coming from every country.The environment is better than before.1.At last, it is a good news that the environment is better than before.2.The most important thing is that the environment in Beijing is better than before.第二段: It is reported that Beijing dwellers are preparing for the Olympic Games.Not only are they building bridges, but also they are constructing mansions.Moreover, they are more polite to their friends who are coming from every country.At last, it is a good news that the environment is better than before.To sum up, Beijing is quite different from before.第三段： I think that Olympic Games is important.1.In conclusion, I hold the point of view that Olympic Games is significant to our country.2.As far as I am concerned, I draw the conclusion that Olympic Games is of great importance to our country.It can improve our economy.1.For instance, it can improve our economy greatly, which is not quite advanced currently.2.For one thing, it is a good news that 2008 Olympic Games can boost our economy greatly.It makes China more open.1.Furthermore, it is advisable that it should make China more open to the world.2.For another, it will make China more open to the outer world than 10 years before.1.第三段.As far as I am concerned, I draw the conclusion that Olympic Games is of great importance to our country.For instance, it can improve our economy greatly, which is not quite advanced currently.For another, it will make China more open to the outer world than 10 years before.Beijing, which is the capital of China, changed a lot after bidding 2008 Olympic Games.People are more interested in sports because it is beneficial to our health.What is more, increasingly more people are studying English, especially college students and the residents of Beijing.It is high time that Beijing became an international city.It is reported that Beijing dwellers are preparing for the Olympic Games.Not only are they building bridges, but also they are constructing mansions.Moreover, they are more polite to their friends who are coming from every country.At last, it is a good news that the environment is better than before.To sum up, Beijing is quite different from before.As far as I am concerned, I draw the conclusion that Olympic Games is of great importance to our country.For instance, it can improve our economy greatly, which is not quite advanced currently.For another, it will make China more open to the outer world than 10 years before.At present, some students, as we know, don’t like English very much.But I am not one of them.On the contrary, I enjoy learning English.And I personally hold the point of view that English is becoming increasingly significant.It is reported that about more than 85% of college students and the residents of Tianjin believe that English is of great importance.Currently, most of college students and the residents of Tianjin are trying to study English because there is a widely accepted idea that English is becoming more and more important.My cousin Mike is a case to the point, he spends 5 hours a week on learning English.With the competition in job hunting becoming increasingly fierce, more than 75% college students are interested in learning spoken English.There are several factors that contribute to the above argument.On the one hand, English brings us various kinds of
employment opportunities.On the other hand, English which is the language of internet provides us a fast way to get information.Ultimately, it enables us to make friends with people from all over the world.There are diverse reasons to explain my argument.For one thing, not only does English brings us various kinds of job opportunities, but also English is a fast way to get information.For another, when a person is speaking English, his or her pronunciation sounds attractive.Las but not least, it is obvious that English enables us to improve the quality of our life and job in diverse aspects.In summary, the significance of English, as never before, should not be neglected.Consequently, it is high time that we began to study English.Only in this way, can we meet the requirements of modern society.In conclusion, the importance of English should not be overlooked.Thus, it is essential/advisable that we should pay much attention to English learning.Moreover, not only do we need to study reading English, but also we need to learn spoken English.In modern society, countryside dwellers and city residents hold different points of view to tradition.Some think of it positively, especially the aged.In their opinion, tradition contains various beneficial elements and enables us to get unexpected experience which is very useful in our life and jobs.It is estimated by the mass media that around 80% of the aged believe that tradition should not be given up.Advantage(2)
Nowadays, there is a heated discussion on whether tradition should be given up.Quite a lot of countryside residents and city dwellers, especially the old, claim that tradition should be reserved.They support their argument from the following aspects.Tradition has been accepted by our ancestors for thousands of years because it is constructive to our history.For instance, tradition tells people to be polite to friends and relatives.It is said that 78% of the old people believe that tradition should not be given up.Disadvantages
Although the above point of view sounds reasonable, others think of it negatively.They claim that tradition has nothing to do with modern society.What is more, tradition slows down the progress of our economy and science to a great extent.Although its negative impact can not be clearly sensed by ordinary people, it usually leads to serious consequence in the end.On the contrary, a great many people, especially the teenagers in high schools and college students believe that tradition should be forgotten completely.And they firmly think that modern ideas are 100% better than old traditions.For example, American culture and miscellaneous creative working modes are improving the quality of our life and job.It is believed that almost three quarters of youngsters in our country appreciate new life mode rather than old tradition.As far as I am concerned, I suppose that tradition brings us both advantages and disadvantages.As a result, it is suggested that we should deal with it according to different situations.Only in this way, can we make a right decision, which is helpful to our achievements.In my opinion, judging tradition from just one aspect is not completely right because every coin has two sides.But most modern ideas are better than the old tradition.For instance, men and women should be equal.Thus, it is right for us to open our mind and get more new ideas.正面因素
sth.enables us to make friends with people from all over the world.Sth.can largely improve the quality of our life and jobs in diverse aspects.Sth.contains various beneficial elements and enables us to get unexpected experience which is very useful in our life and job.反面因素
Had people paid more attention to the above issue before, the present situation would not be so serious.If its negative impact can not be dealt with timely, the result is sometimes disastrous and destroying.Although its negative impact can not be clearly sensed by ordinary people, it usually leads to serious consequence in the end.
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