第一篇：高考重点不定冠词的用法
高考重点知识——定冠词的用法
不定冠词有a和an两种形式。a用在以辅音音标开头的词前,an用在以元音音标开头的词前。
a house, a useful book
an hour, an umbrella
不定冠词的用法主要有:
1)泛指某人或某物,不具体说明其为何人或何物。在行文叙述时,第一次提到某个人或事物时,通常使用不定冠词,此为“泛指”。例如:
A girl is asking for you on the phone.My mother works in a hospital.2)用在单数可数名词前,表示一类人或事物,即以一个个体代表整类人或事物,此为“类指”。例如:
A plane is faster than a train.飞机比火车快。
A snake is a cold-blooded animal.蛇是冷血动物。
3)表示“一”,但数量概念没有one强烈。例如:
They waited there for an hour.他们在那等了一个小时。
Rome wasn't built in a day.罗马非一天能建成。(即:冰冻三尺非一日之寒。)
如特别强调数量,应使用one。例如:
I have only one dictionary and I need it myself.4)用在表示时间、速度、价格等计量单位的名词前表示“每一”,相当于per或every。例如:
The plane can get 300 kilometers an hour.飞机的速度是每小时300公里。
The doctor told her to take the medicine three times a day.医生叫她一天服三次药。
We work five days a week.我们一周工作五天。
5)用于抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时),使之意义具体化,表示“一种”、“一件”、“一份”等。例如:
It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。(honour是抽象名词,an honour指一件荣誉的事)There was heavy rain last week.(rain为物质名词,这里指一场雨)
6)用于序数词(后加名词)前,表示又一个,又一次。例如:
He tried a sixth time and succeeded.他又试第六次,结果成功了。When I sat down,a fourth student rose to speak.当我坐下时,又有第四个同学起立发言。
7)用于某一个人名、地名前,使专有名词普通化。例如:
A Mr.Li has been waiting for you.一位姓李的先生一直在等你。Chongqing is known as a Shanghai of the west.重庆被称作西部的上海。(Shanghai是专有名词,本句中a Shanghai指和上海一样繁华的城市)
8)用于某些固定词组中,是这些词组不可缺少的组成部分。例如: in a moment立刻,马上 once upon a time从前
as a result(of)作为(……)的结果 in a hurry急忙地
in a word一句话,总而言之 once in a while偶尔地
have a good time过得很愉快 have a word with与……说句话 have/take a look(at)看一看 have/take a rest休息一下
take an active part in积极参加(比较:take part in参加,不能说take a part in)
do sb.a favour帮某人的忙 put an end to结束
at a mouthful一大口地 all of a sudden突然地
第二篇：不定冠词a和an的用法习题
不定冠词a和an 的用法练习1.He is____ugly man.2.I have _____orange.3.There is ____elephant in the zoo.4.You are ____good student.5.Please take ____umbrella.6.I am ____student.7.This is ___new book.8.I have ___useful book.9.He teaches math in___university.10.I bought ___MP3 yesterday.11.He is ____honest boy.12.I got___ X-ray(x射线透视)。13.My father bought me ___iphone 5.14.There is___“ u”in the word “hour”,there is____“h”.15.Yao ming is ____NBA basketball player.16.Tom had ____unusual experience.17.This is___egg.18.I spent ___hour doing my homework.
第三篇：定冠词 the不定冠词 aan
定冠词 the不定冠词 aan
the/an/a用法及区别：
冠词在英文中属于虚词，在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用。这类词的数量很小，但是其活动性却很大，很大。在英文中，a / an并不等于one。例：He only has one dictionary.他只有一本词典。（正确）He only has a dictionary.他只有一本词典。（错误）
One minute is enough for me to do it.我做这件事一分钟足够了。（正确）
A minute is enough for me to do it.我做这件事一分钟足够了（错误）
1）不定冠词在句子中最大的语法功能是：用在可数名词的单数形式前表示泛指--表明一类人或事物区别于它类。
例：I am a Chinese.我是(一个)中国人。
This is a book.这是（一本）书。
2）为了读音的方便，在以元音音素开头的可数
名词的单数名词前用an而不用a。当我们使用an时，条件有三：①这个名词的读音必须是以元音音素开头--即它的 音标的第一个音素是元音，而不是说它是以元音字母开头。②它必须是个可数名词。③它还必须是个单数名词。我们常常见到这类用法：
a university 一所大学 an hour 一个小时
an orange 一只桔子 an engineer 一位工程师
an ordinary man一个普通人
an honest person一位诚实的人
3）定冠词在句子中，既可以用于可数名词前，也可以用于不可数名词前；既用在可数名词的单数形式前，也用在可数名词的复数形式前。从表达意义上讲，它既可表达this, that之意义，也可表达these, those之意义。例：
This is the very ink I'm going to buy.这正是我要买的那种墨水。The words on the blackboard are to be learned next time.黑板上的这些单字是下次课要学的。
4)定冠词在句子中最大的语法功能是对名词加以限定，使其成为具有某种意
义的特定名词。这种“特定意义”通过比较是不难看出的。例：Here are the records you want.这些是你要的唱片。
I bought some records yesterday.昨天我买了几张唱片。Have you decided on the prices yet? 价格你们确定了吗？
了解了上述关于冠词的几个基本概念以后，我们就可以来进一步讨论冠词基本用法的具体情况了。
不定冠词基本用法
1）用于泛指人或者事
She wanted to rent an apartment near the campus..她想在学校附近租一套房子。
Before she left for London, Sally sent me a picture of herself.萨莉动身去伦敦前送给我一张她的照片。
A grammar book is necessary to a language learner.对语言学习者来说，语法书是很必要的。
A teacher likes putting a watch on his / her desk while lecturing.老师讲课时总爱将手表放在讲台上。
2)用于某些词组中。这种用法是约定束成的，我们只有遵从而无旁的选择。例如：
have a rest（休息）have a look（瞧瞧）have a good time（过得开心）
take a shower（淋浴）take a break（休息）take a bath（洗澡）get a cold（患感冒）get a fever（发烧）develop into a habit（养成习惯）
make a living（谋生）make a guess at（猜测）make a difference between（区分）
in a moment（过一会儿）in a sense（在某种意义上）in a way（在某种程度上）
once in a while（间或）have an advantage over（优于）
have an edge（略胜过）as a result（因此）as a rule（通常）as a whole（总体上说）
a/an 不定冠词和 the 定冠词的用法
1.基本文法说明
英文中的冠词是用来指称陪伴单数可数名词，也就是当你在句子中提到单个或单件的人事物时，需要在前面加个冠词来表示单“一”的存在。而冠词中又分为「不定冠词」以及「定冠词」两类。顾名思义，「定冠词 the」的使用时机在于你所提到的单数名词是“那一个”“这一个”特别指定的目标物，反之如果没有特定的指称对象就只要用「不定冠词 a/an」就可以了。
2.错误发生情况及修正练习
仔细看看下列的句子，哪里出了错？又该如何修正？
A.I am not English.I am Chinese.我不是英国人。我是中国人。
B.Our department needs a secretary and accountant.我们部门需要一名秘书和一名会计。
C.I am eating an apple pie.An apple pie is still hot.我正在吃苹果派。这派还正热着呢。
3.错误修正及解释
正确的句子如下：
A.I am not an English.I am a Chinese.根本忘记在单数名词前面加冠词
会发生这样的错误通常是因为受到中文习惯的影响，因为在中文的表达里我们并不一定会把“一个”或“一样”等等的量词说出来或写出来，所以在英文表达的时候要特别留意。
B.Our department needs a secretary and an accountant.有连接词的时候忘记在后面的单数名词加冠词
虽然and 之类的连接词有连接前后两个名词的功用，但是个别的冠词还是不能省哦！
C.I am eating an apple pie.The apple pie is still hot.搞不清楚定冠词 the 应该用在“那一个”“这一个”特别指定的目标物前面
通常第一次提到一样东西或一个人的时候，我们是在介绍全新或者是听者不知道的人事物，因此不需要特别指定只要用不定冠词 a/an 就可以了。但是当我们在后来的叙述或谈话中再次提到“那”一样东西或“某”个人的时候，就要用到定冠词 the 来表示先前已经提过的单数名词。ability/ be able to/ be capable of/can 关于「能力」的表达方式
1.基本文法说明
上面四个字或者词组都和表达“人的能力”有关。不过由于词性和对应的能力层面有所不同，因此有一些个别的特殊用法。
A.ability 为名词，通常会用在表达
a.「有能力去做~什么事」
ability to do sth
例 He has the ability to get the job done quickly.他有能力把工作迅速完成。
b.「有~什么样的能力」
reading/writing/teaching/acting ability
例 Noel's writing ability was confirmed at a fairly young age.诺尔的写作能力在很年轻的时候就被肯定了。
c.「在~哪种学科或语言上的能力」
ability in
例 I want to improve my ability in Mathematics.我想要改善我的数学计算能力。
B.be able to为动词词组，表示「人能够~做什么」，而且通常是不令人惊讶的一般能力
例 Will you be able to get out of bed after a few days?你几天后就能够下床了吗？
例 Liam is able to play with us on Sunday.连恩星期天就能和我们一起出去玩了。
C.be capable of 也是动词词组，不过有别于 be able to，be capable of 之后是接动名词，而且是表示一种你通常不会做但是存在的潜力a.「人能够~怎样做」
be capable of(doing)something
例 One man is capable of destroying the whole world.只要一个人就有可能会摧毁全世界。
例 I believe he is capable of getting here on time, but he just can't be bothered.我相信他绝对能够实时赶来，只是他不在乎罢了。
b.「事物能够被~怎样」，通常表示「能力」都是以“人”当主词当主角，但 be capable of 可以用事物当主词来使用事物 be capable of
第四篇：高考重点词汇用法精讲 第33讲
学海扬帆，奥风助航！
奥风英语《高考重点词汇用法精讲》第33讲（文字版）
魏训刚 主讲（本系列讲座共45讲）
第49篇
1.arise vi.（arose, arisen）出现；起来；升起
[用法点睛] arise out of /from sth.因某事而产生、造成、引起
如：Problems arose of the lack of money.因为缺钱产生了很多问题。
A new difficulty has arisen in our work.我们工作中又产生了新的困难。
[同根词] rise vi.上升；升起
如：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。2.fix vt.修理；安装；确定；固定
[用法点睛] fix one’s eyes /attention on凝视；全身贯注于
fix a time/date for sth.为某事安排时间/日期
fix sth.up 安排（某事）；装修；修理
如：Her eyes were fixed on the book.她的眼睛盯着那本书。
They have fixed a date for their wedding.他们定了结婚的日子。I will help you to fix up the meeting.我来帮你安排这个会议。My watch needs fixing.我的表需要修理。
[同根词] fixed adj.已决定的；确定不变的；固定的 3.suppose vt.vi.猜想；认为；假设；应当
[用法点睛] suppose(that)… 猜；认为
suppose sb.(to be)+名词/形容词 认为某人 be supposed to 应当；应该（做某事）
如：I suppose(that)you’re right.我想你是正确的。
I suppose her to be more than fifty years old.我猜她有五十多岁了。
You are supposed to keep quiet in the library.在图书馆里，你应该保持安静。What do you suppose he wants? 你认为他想要什么？ Suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do? 假设明天丢了工作，你会怎么做？
It is widely supposed that this kind of things won’t happen again.人们一般认为这样的事情不会发生了。
[同根词] supposed adj.误信的；误传的；信以为真的
如：The supposed beggar was really a police officer in disguise.那个众人眼中的乞丐，其实是化了装的警察。
[高考链接] What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You’re___________to be asleep.A.supposed
B.known
C.thought
D.considered [答案解析] A 本句意为“汤姆，你还没上床，在干什么？你现在应当睡觉”。4.arrange vt.筹备；整理；安排
[用法点睛] arrange(for sb./sth.)to do sth 安排（某人/物）做某事
arrange with sb.about sth.与某人约定、商定某事 ，学海扬帆，奥风助航！
如：They will arrange a dinner to celebrate her birthday.他们将筹备聚餐来庆祝她的生日。
I have arranged for a car to pick you up at the airport.我已经安排好了一辆车去机场接你。
[高考例句] The secretary arranged a convenient time and place for the applicants to have an interview.秘书安排了一个方便的时间和地点让申请人进行面试。
We have arranged with them about the date of the meeting.我们已经与他们商定好了会议的日期。[同根词] arrangement n.[C U]安排；布置 5.call
① vt.打电话；叫；呼唤；称为；vi.叫喊；拜访；打电话；
[用法点睛] call out to sb.for sth.为某事而大声喊以引起某人的注意
call on sb.拜访某人
call at sth.拜访某地
call on sb.to do sth.号召某人做某事
call sb in 召请某人
call for sth 需求或需要某事物
call sth off 取消
call sth up 想起某事；回忆某事
如：He called(Mary)from a telephone booth.他是从电话亭里(给玛丽)打的电话。
She called to her mother for help.她向父亲喊叫求救。
Let’s call at the city to call on Mr.Brown.我们去那个城市拜访布朗先生吧。
Young men were called on to join the army.年轻人被号召去参军。
Mother being ill, we have to call in a doctor.妈妈生病了，我们要去请医生来。
This kind of work calls for great patience.这种工作需要极大的耐心。
The match was called off because of bad weather.由于天气不好，比赛取消了。The picture called up the memories of my happy childhood.这张照片唤起了我幸福童年的回忆。② n.[C]喊；叫；通话；（一个）电话 [短语] a call for help大声呼救
give sb.a call给某人打电话
make/receive或get/return a call打/接/回电话
如： I’ll give you a call at the weekend.我周末给你打电话。6.apologize vi.道谦；认罪；认错
[用法点睛] apologize to sb.for sth.因为某事向某人道歉 如：He apologized to her for not going to her party.他因为没有出席她举行的宴会而向她表示歉意。
[高考例句] He smiled politely as Mary apologized for her drunken friends.当玛丽因为她醉酒的朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。[同根词] apology n.[C U] 道歉；谢罪；认错
[用法点睛]make an apology(to sb.for sth.)（因为某事向某人）道歉
own sb.an apology(for.sth.)（因为某事）需要向某人道歉
如：We made an apology to our teacher for coming to school late.我们因为迟到向老师道歉。
I owe you an apology for my rudeness.我为我的粗鲁向你道歉。
7.appetite n.[C U] 欲望；食欲；胃口
[用法点睛] lose one’s appetite没有食欲
学海扬帆，奥风助航！
have an appetite for sth渴望、喜欢某事物
如：When I was ill, I completely lost my appetite.我生病的时候，完全没有食欲。
The walking has given me an appetite for dinner.步行使我晚饭很有胃口。
He has no appetite for fight.他毫无斗志。
[同根词] appetizer n.[C] 开胃品
appetizing adj.开胃的；促进食欲的 8.apparently adv.显然；表面上；似乎
如：He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
Apparently she did not succeed.看样子她没有成功。
[同根词] ① apparent adj.表面上的；明显的
[用法点睛] It is apparent that…„„是很明显的
如：It is apparent that Taiwan is part of China.很明显台湾是中国的一部分。② transparent adj.透明的；显而易见的
[高考链接] The state-run company is required to make its accounts as___________as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.A.transparent
B.reasonable
C.secure
D.formal [答案解析] A根据后面的for its staff to monitor the use of money可知，答案为A。句意为“国有企业被要求帐务尽可能做到公开透明，以便于其员工监督资金的使用”。reasonable合理的的；secure安全的；formal规范的；正式的。9.appeal
① vi.呼吁；吸引；vt.& vi.申诉；上诉； [用法点睛]appeal to sb.(for sth.)向某人请求
appeal to sb.to do sth.呼吁某人做某事 appeal(to sb.)against sth.（向某人）上诉 appeal to sb.迎合某人的爱好；吸引某人
如：He appealed to his friends for support.他向朋友们请求帮助。
The police appealed to the crowd to keep calm.警察向群众呼吁要保持冷静。He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.他对被判五年徒刑提出上诉。
The idea appealed to Mary.这主意正合玛丽的心意。
② n.[C U]呼吁；恳求；上诉；[U]吸引力
如：The country has made an appeal for help to the world.那个国家向世界求助。
The new fashion soon lost its appeal.这种新式样很快就失去了吸引力。
10.applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌；喝彩
[用法点睛] applaud sb.for sth.因某事称赞某人
如：The audience applauded the singer for three minutes.观众向歌唱家鼓掌喝彩达三分钟。
We applauded him for his courage.我们称赞他的勇敢。
[同根词]applause n.[U] 鼓掌欢迎
第50篇
1.submit vt.递交；vt.& vi.服从；顺从；屈服；让步
[用法点睛] submit to sb.屈服或归顺某人；服从某人
submit sth.to sb.向某人提交某物 submit that… 认为„„
学海扬帆，奥风助航！
如：We will never submit to enemy.我们永远不会向敌人屈服。
He has submit the plan to the manager.他已经向经理提交了计划。I submit that his words are reasonable.我认为他的话是有道理的。[同根词] submissive adj.服从的；顺从的 2.apply
① vi.申请
[用法点睛] apply to sb for sth向某人申请某事物
如：You should apply to the manager for the post.你应该向经理申请这份职位。
---How do I apply for this license? 如何申请许可证？
---You want inquiries.你需要到问讯处出打听。② vt.& vi.应用
[用法点睛] apply sth to sth 把某物涂在某物上；把„„应用到„„上
apply oneself to(doing)sth.集中精力做某事；专心做某事
如：The new technology can be applied to our daily life.这种新的技术可以应用到我们的日常生活中。
Apply some glue to the cover of the book.往书的封面上涂些胶水。You will pass the exam if you apply yourself to your work.如果你能专心致志于你的学习，就能通过考试。[同根词]：applied adj.应用的；实用的applicant n.申请人
application n.[C U] 申请；要求 3.polish
① vt.磨光；擦亮；修改；润色（文章）[用法点睛] polish sth.(up)磨光；擦亮
polish sth.off 迅速做完
如：He polished his glasses with a handkerchief.他用手帕擦拭了一下眼镜。
The speaker spent several days polishing her lecture.演讲者花了几天时间润饰她的演讲稿。
They polished all the dishes off on the table in a short time.他们很快就吃完了桌子上的所有的菜。
② n.[C U] 磨光；修饰；上光剂
[用法点睛] give sth a polish 将某物磨光、擦亮
如：I will give your shoes a polish.我把你的鞋子擦一擦。
[同根词] polished adj.磨光的；擦亮的
[高考链接] Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and___________every page of my draft.A.approved
B.quoted
C.polished
D.folded [答案解析] C 本句意为“最后，我要感谢我的导师，他就我的论文提出了大量意见和建议，并且对我草稿的每一页都进行了修改”。approve vi.赞同；认可；vt.批准；通过；quote vt.vi.引用；引述；n.[C]引语；引用的话；fold vt.折叠；vi.可以折叠；n.[C] 褶；折痕 4.relative
① adj.相关的；有关系的；相对的
[用法点睛] be relative to sth.与„„相对的；成比例的；与„„有关的 如：Supply is relative to demand.供应是按需求而定的。
He asked me some questions relative to the subject.他问了我一些有关这个题目的问题。
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② n.[C] 亲戚
[用法点睛] a close /distant relative 一个近亲/远亲
如：I have many close relatives in that village.在那个村子里有我好多近亲。
The president has sent a message of sympathy to the relatives of the dead soldiers.总统已向死亡士兵的亲属们发了慰问信。[同根词]：relatively adv.相对的；比较的
第五篇：《高考重点词汇用法精讲》第2讲
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第2讲
第2篇
1.empower vt.使（某人）有更多的权力做某事；正式授权
[用法点睛]： empower sb.to do赋予某人做某事的权力
be empowered to do sth.有权力做某事；被赋予做某事的权力
如：The first thing in empowering the poor is making sure they vote.扩大穷人权力的第一件事就是确保他们有选举权。
The new laws empowered the police to stop anybody in the steet.新法赋予警察在街上阻拦任何人的权利。
When were women empowered to vote in this country? 在这个国家，妇女是何时被赋予选举权的？
2.motivate vt.激发；促使；成为（某人做某事的）动机
[用法点睛]：motivate sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事；构成某人做某事的动机 如：We may never know what motivated him to kill his wife.我们可能永远不知道是什么促使他杀了他的妻子。
He motivated the students to work hard.他激励学生努力学习。[同根词]：motivation n.[C U] 动机；诱因 3.development n.[U] 发展；发育；显影
[同根词]：
① develop vt.vi.发展；生长；开发（土地等资源）；冲洗（胶卷）[用法点睛]： develop into 发展成为
develop from由……发展而来
如：The child is developing well.这孩子发育良好。
Chicago developed into a big city in the late 1800s.芝加哥在19世纪晚期发展成为一座大城市。
It’s hard to believe that a tree can develop from a small seed.很难相信一棵树竟然是从一粒渺小的种子长成。② developing adj.发展中的 ③ developed adj.发达的
如： The United States is a developed country while China is a developing country.美国是发达国家，而中国是发展中国家。
[高考链接] As the story___________, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A.begins
B.happens
C.ends
D.develops [答案解析] D 本句意为“随着故事的发展，关于奇怪人物的真相慢慢被发掘出来”。begin开始；happen发生；end结束
4.closely adv.紧密地；密切地；接近地
如：You resemble your mother very closely.你和你的妈妈很像。resemble vt.相似
[同根词]：close adj.近的；靠近的；（关系）密切的；亲密的；adv.位置近地；vt.vi.关；关闭；停止营业
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学海扬帆，奥风助航![高考例句] I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao,” just as I might do in China.我走地足够近时，听到他们正在说汉语，就说“你好！”，就像我在中国可能会做的一样。[辨析] closely adv.紧密地；密切地；接近地
close adv.位置近地
如：Political activity is closely controlled.政治活动受到严密的控制。
English and German are closely related.英语和德语关系很密切。
Come a little closer, so you can see better.走近点，以便于能看得更清楚。When he saw Mary, he came close to her.当他看到玛丽时，就走近她。[短语] come close to(doing sth.)几乎要做某事 如：He came close to falling down.他几乎摔倒。5.hang
① vt.vi.（hung, hung）悬挂；吊
[短语] hang on（打电话时）不挂断；等待片刻
hang out with sb.常与某人一起玩
如：She hung the clothes on the washing line.她把衣服挂在晾衣绳上。
There was a family photo hanging on the wall.墙上有幅家庭照片。
I don’t really know who she hangs out with.我真地不清楚她经常和谁一起玩。② vt.(hanged, hanged)绞死，吊死（某人）
如：He was hanged for murder.他因为谋杀被绞死了。6.identify vt.确认；证明（某人身份）；认为某物与另一物等同
[用法点睛] identify sb./sth.as sb./sth.确认某人为……；确认某物为……
identify sth.with sth.认为某物与某物相同 identify with sb.认同某人；同情某人
如：He was too far away to be able to identify faces.离地太远，他无法看清面目。
The police identified the gunman as a middle-aged man.警察确认枪手是一个中年男人。One can not identify happiness with wealth.一个人不能将幸福与财富划等号。I found it hard to identify with any of the roles in the film.我发现很难认同这部电影中的任何角色。
[同根词]：identity
n.[C U] 身份；特性；同一性；一致
identification n.[U] 鉴别；识别 ID card=identity/identification card 7.raise vt.举起；使升高；饲养；养育；筹款；募捐
如：William raised his hat and smiled at her.威廉举起他的帽子，向她微笑。
Many shops have raised their prices.很多商店提高了价格。
Stan’s dad died, leaving his mother to raise three sons alone.斯坦的父亲去世了，留下他妈妈独自抚养三个孩子。
They hope to raise $1 million to buy land.他们希望能筹集到一百万美元买地。He did not raise the question again.他没有再提那个问题。[比较] rise vi.(rose, risen)升起；上升；站起；起床 如：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
Then she picked up her bag and rose to leave.然后她拿起包，起身离开。
House prices in this area rose from 3,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan per square meters, but now they are falling.这个地区的房价曾从每平3000元涨到30000元，但现在正在跌。
Sales rose by 20% over the Christmas period.销售额在圣诞期间增长了20%。8.allow vt.准许；允许
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学海扬帆，奥风助航![用法点睛] allow doing 允许做某事
allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
allow sb.sth./allow sth.to sb.允许某人（拥有）某物 allow for将……考虑在内
如：We don’t allow smoking in our house.我们不允许在房间里抽烟。The boss doesn’t allow him to use the phone.老板不允许他用电话。
Allow yourselves plenty of time to get to the airport.给你自己留出去机场的足够时间。It will take us half an hour to get the station, allowing for traffic delay.考虑到路上耽搁，去车站要花我们半小时的时间。9.direct
① vt.指路；指导；引导；指挥；导演
如：He directed me to a hotel near the airport.他指引我到机场附近的一家旅馆。The guide direct our attention to the other picture.导游将我们的注意力引向另一幅画。She directed a group of workers.她指挥一群工人。
The movie was directed by Feng Xiaogang.那部电影是冯小刚导演的。② adj.直接的；直达的
如：I’m not in direct contact with them.我和他没有直接的联系。Women often feel men are too direct.女士常常感觉男士太直接了。It’s a direct flight to New York.这是直飞纽约的航班。[同根词] director n.[C] 指挥者;导演;主任;处长;董事
direction n.[C U] 方向；方位 self-directed adj.自主（式）的
10.restriction n.[C U] 限制；约束
[同根词]：
① restrict vt.限制；限定
[用法点睛] restrict sth.to 将某物限制在（某程度、数量、水平等）如：The new law restricts the sale of hand guns.新法限制手枪的销售。
In future we will restrict class sizes to 20 students.今后我们将把班额限制在20名学生。He’s restricting himself to two cigarettes a day.他限制自己每天抽两支烟。② restricted adj.受限制的；被限定的
如：Press freedom is restricted in this country.在这个国家新闻自由受到限制。11.knowledge n.[U]知识；学问；（可与a连用）某门具体的知识
[用法点睛] a knowledge of 某方面的知识 如：Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
My knowledge of French is poor.我的法语知识贫乏。
You need a knowledge of physics to do this job well.要做好这项工作，你需要物理知识。12.require vt.需要；要求
[用法点睛] require sb.to do sth.需要/要求某人做某事
require doing.(主语通常为物)需要被
如：The law requires a driver to wear seat belt.法律要求司机系安全带。
[高考例句] Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.在开车进城前，你要洗车。
The plants require watering.这些植物需要水。
[同根词]：requirement n.[C] 要求；需要的东西；必要条件 13.engage vt.vi.（文）雇佣；占用（时间）；吸引（注意等）；与（某人）交战
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学海扬帆，奥风助航![用法点睛] engage sb.to do.雇佣某人做某事
engage sb.as sth.聘用某人担任某职务
engage(sb.)in sth.（使某人）参加或从事某事
如：Her father engaged a tutor to improve her maths.他的父亲请了一位家教提高她的数学。
They engaged her as a guide.他们请她作导游。
Nothing engages his attention for long.没有什么能长期吸引他的注意力。I have no time to engage in such a thing.我没有时间干这种事。[同根词]：
① engaged adj.忙着的；（电话）占线的；已订婚的；（座位）预定出的 [用法点睛] be engaged to sb.与某人订婚
② engaging adj.引人注目的；迷人的 ③ engagement n.[C]订婚；约会；交战 14.accord vi.符合；一致
[用法点睛] accord with sth.与……一致、相符
如： The punishments accorded with the new law.惩罚与法律相符。[短语]：according to 根据
如：According to the police, the thief has been caught.据警方的消息，那个小偷已经被抓住了。
You will be paid according to the amount of work you do.按劳计酬。
15.research n.[U] 调查；研究；(正式情况下常用researches)；vt.vi.调查；研究
[用法点睛] make/do/carry out research into/on sth.对某事进行调查、研究 如：It’s a good idea to do some research before you buy a house.在买房前做一些研究是个好主意。
They are carrying out some research into the language of dolphins.他们在研究海豚的语言。
16.major adj.较大的；主要的；n.[C] 专业；vi.主修（某课程）
如：There are two major political parties in the US.在美国有两个主要的政党。
What’s your major? 你的专业是什么？
He majored in maths and physics at university.他在大学时主修数学和物理。17.view n.[C] 景色；风景；视野；观点；见解；vt.观看；仔细看
[用法点睛]： view on/about对于某事的看法
with a view to(doing)sth.怀着某种目的；带着某种打算或计划 in one’s view在某人看来 in view of 鉴于；考虑到
如：We’d like a room with a view of the sea.我们想要一间海景房。We can enjoy great views from the top of the mountain.我们从山顶可以享受美妙的风光。
You can have a better view of the city if you sit in the front of the bus.如果坐在公交的前部，你可以更好的欣赏这座城市。
The lake came into view as we turned the corner.当我们拐过弯，那片湖就映入眼帘。What’s your view on the subject? 你对这个问题有什么看法？
In my view, the country needs a change.在我看来，这个国家需要改变。
In view of the weather, we decided to stay at home.因为天气原因，我们决定呆在家里。We bought the house with a view to retiring there.我们买下那座房子是想退休后住那儿。
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学海扬帆，奥风助航![同根词]：① review vt.复习；温习；n.[C] 复习；评论；
② preview vt.预习；试演；预展
18.participate vi.参加；参与
[用法点睛] participate为正式用语，通常与in搭配。
participate in 参与（活动、会议等）
如：Some members refused to participate.一些成员拒绝参与。
Everyone can participate in an election.每个人都能参与选举。
19.skill n.[C U] 技能；技巧
[用法点睛] skill in/at（doing）sth.在（做）某事上的技术/技巧 如：He showed great skill in raising money for the company.他在为公司筹资方面显示出了非凡的技巧。[同根词]：
skil(l)ful adj.有技巧的；娴熟的
[用法指南] be skillful at(doing)sth.(做)某事很熟练 skilled adj.熟练的；有经验的；（工作）需要技能的 [用法指南] be skilled at(doing)sth.（做）某事有经验的 [辨析]：skillful与skilled ① 表示“有经验的；熟练的”之意时，两者可以互换。如：a skillful/skilled driver（熟练的司机）
② 表示“需要技能的、技术性的（工作）”时，只能用skilled。如：a skilled job（一项技术性的工作）
20.report vt.vi.报告；汇报；揭发；n.[C] 报告；汇报
[用法点睛] report(to sb.)on sth.（向某人）汇报某事
report sth./sb.to(the police)（向警察等机构）报案；举报某人
如：He gave a report on his sales trip to Korea.他就自己的韩国商务旅行做了一个报告。
People’s Daily sent her to Chongqing to report(on)the floods.《人民日报》派她去重庆报道洪水。
Police reported that the road was closed.警方报告说那条路被封了。
He reported the car crash to the police.他向警察报告车祸。
21.public n.(the ~)公众；adj.公开的；公共的
如： The public is/are not allowed to enter the room.公众不允许进入那个房间。[短语]：in public 当众；公开地
如：Her husband was always nice to her in public.她丈夫在公共场合总是对她很好。[反] in private 私下地
如：He asked to see her in private.他要求和她私下见面。22.provide vt.提供；预防
[用法点睛] provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物
provide sb.with sth为某人提供某物
provide against/for sth.预防某事；为某事做准备
如：The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests.旅馆为客户提高擦鞋服务。
The company provided him with a car.公司为他配备了一辆车。
[高考例句] After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope provided.在填完并签名后，请将表格用提供的信封寄回给我们。
The government has to provide against a possible oil shortage in the coming months.政府不得不为未来几个月可能出现的石油短缺做准备。
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学海扬帆，奥风助航![同根词] provided conj.假如；在……情况下（=provided that=providing that）如：Provided/Providing(that)we get good weather, it will be a successful holiday.如果明天天气好，它就会是一个成功的假期。
23.challenge
① n.[C] 挑战
[用法点睛] the challenge of doing sth.做某事的挑战
issue a challenge发出挑战
face a challenge面临挑战；面对挑战 take on/accept a challenge接受挑战 meet /rise to a challenge迎接挑战
a challenge to sb./sth.对某人/物来说是一个挑战
如：She likes her job to be a challenge.她喜欢自己的工作充满挑战。
Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges facing the government.减少穷人和富人之间的差距是本届政府面临的主要挑战之一。
The company is ready to meet the challenges of the next few years.公司做好了迎接未来几年挑战的准备。② vt.向某人挑战
[用法点睛] challenge sb.to sth.向某人挑战做某事
challenge sb.to do sth.向某人挑战做某事；要求、激励某人做某事
如：After lunch he challenged me to a game of tennis.午饭后他向我挑战网球。
Every teacher ought to challenge kids to think about what’s happening around us.每个老师都应该激励学生思考我们身边发生的事。
[高考例句] If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果接受了这项工作，他将别无选择只有迎接更大的挑战。
24.manage vt.管理；经营；vt.vi.设法做到；应付
如：Managing a company is harder than you think.管理一家公司比你想像的要困难。
How do you manage to stay so slim?你是如何做到保持这么苗条的？ [高考例句]---Can I have a day off tomorrow, Mr.Johnson? 约翰逊先生，我明天可以请一天假吗？
---Of course.I can manage without you.当然可以。你不在我也可以应付。[辨析]：manage与try manage to do 设法做成了某事 try to do努力去做，结果未知
如：I finally managed to push the huge animal away.我最后终于将那个巨大的动物推开。
I tried to push the huge animal away, but I failed.我努力想将那个巨大的动物推开，但是失败了。[同根词] manager n.[C] 经理；管理人
management n.[U] 经营；管理；[集]管理部门；主管人员
25.relationship n.[C U] 关系；联系
[用法点睛] relationship between A and B A与B之间的关系/联系
relationship of A to/with B A与B之间的关系/联系
如：I have quite a good relationship with my parents.我和父母关系很好。
There is a close relationship between industry and trade.工商业联系密切。
He is studying the relationship of politics to media.他正在研究政治和媒体的关系。[同根词] relation n.[U] 关系；联系；[C]亲戚
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学海扬帆，奥风助航![用法点睛]在表示人、团体、国家之间的关系时常用复数形式。如：Relations between the two countries have improved recently.近来这两个国家的关系有所改善。
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